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Liu, Xiaonan, and 刘晓楠. "Monetary transmission mechanism in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46503936.
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Ozdogan, Zeliha. "Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Turkey." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 161 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1694575211&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Moschitz, Julius. "Essays on the Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4058.
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Esta tesis estudia los efectos y la eficacia de la política monetaria. A grandes rasgos, el banco central cambia los tipos de interés a corto plazo y, a través de la estructura temporal, también se ven afectados los tipos de interés a largo plazo. Los tipos a largo plazo son una variable importante para las decisiones de inversión de las empresas y de ahorro de los hogares. Estas decisiones afectan tanto la producción como los precios y, como consecuencia, los objetivos finales del banco central -por ejemplo, la estabilidad de los precios-. Esta tesis examina detalladamente algunos temas relacionados con la descripción anterior de los mecanismos de transmisión de la política monetaria que hasta ahora no se han estudiado en profundidad.El primer capítulo del documento contiene la introducción. El segundo analiza la transmisión de la política monetaria en economías abiertas teniendo en cuenta que la apertura de una economía es especialmente relevante para los países europeos. En este mismo capítulo se estudian los efectos dinámicos de una acción imprevista del banco central para varios países europeos. Los cambios de estos efectos se estudian mediante una serie de contrastes de estabilidad y la estimación de las fechas de cambio de los parámetros.
El tercer capítulo se centra en los determinantes de los tipos de interés a corto plazo. La mayoría de los modelos monetarios asumen que el banco central controla perfectamente estos tipos. No obstante, en la práctica, este control no es nada perfecto. Los mercados determinan los tipos de interés pero el banco central ejerce una fuerte influencia en la oferta de reservas. Por ello, se diseña un modelo de decisión intertemporal para el mercado de reservas y se incluyen todos los aspectos institucionales importantes para el mercado de reservas de la zona euro. Entonces, se estima el modelo con datos de esta zona. La mayoría de los patrones predecibles en la media y en la volatilidad de los tipos de interés a corto plazo están relacionados con la implementación de la política monetaria. También se observa que los bancos reaccionan de manera retardada a las nuevas informaciones. Así, se estudian las implicaciones de la eficiencia del mercado, endogeneidad de la oferta de reservas y el underbidding.
La cuarta y última parte de la tesis se centra en los efectos de la implementación de la política monetaria en los mercados de dinero de la zona euro. Más exactamente, se analiza la volatilidad de los tipos de interés con varios vencimientos y la transmisión de la volatilidad de los tipos de corto a largo plazo. Estos análisis concluyen que la manera en la que se aplica la política monetaria acaba afectando a la volatilidad de la mayoría de los tipos de los mercados de dinero salvo los tipos de un año. Se puede observar claramente que estos efectos son mucho más fuertes para los tipos a corto plazo. No obstante, las decisiones de inversión de las empresas como las de ahorro de los hogares dependen mayoritariamente de los tipos a largo plazo. De ello se desprende que los procedimientos que se utilizan en la actualidad aplican de una manera muy eficaz las decisiones de política monetaria sin tener ninguna repercusión en la economía real. Asimismo, se han encontrado algunos efectos en los días del calendario, una curva de volatilidad en forma de U y un apoyo consistente a para la hipótesis de expectativas.
This thesis studies the effects and effectiveness of monetary policy. In a stylized way, the central bank changes the short-term interest rate and, via the term structure, long-term interest rates are affected. Long-term rates are the relevant variables for firms' investment and households' saving decisions, which influence output and prices and, as a consequence, the final objectives of a central bank, e.g. price stability. This thesis looks carefully at some particular, and widely overlooked, issues along the above described transmission mechanism of monetary policy.
The first chapter contains the introduction. The second chapter analyses the transmission of monetary policy in open economies. Taking into account the openness of an economy is especially important for European countries. The dynamic effects of an unexpected monetary policy action for several European countries are studied. Changes over time are investigated by using a range of stability tests and estimating break dates.
The third chapter looks at the determinants of the short-term interest rate. Most monetary models assume that the central bank perfectly controls this interest rate. However, this control is far from perfect in practice. Interest rates are determined on markets, with the central bank having a strong influence on the supply of reserves. The intertemporal decision problems in the reserve market for both central and commercial banks are modeled. All important institutional features of the euro area reserve market are included. The model is then estimated with euro area data. Most of the predictable patterns for the mean and volatility of the short-term interest rate are related to monetary policy implementation. Banks react sluggish to new information. Implications for market efficiency, endogeneity of reserve supply and underbidding are studied.
Chapter four studies the effects of monetary policy implementation on the euro area money market. In particular, volatility of interest rates with various maturities and volatility transmission along the yield curve is analyzed. It is found that the way how monetary policy is implemented affects volatility of most money market rates, except the twelve-month rate. These effects are strongest at the short end of the yield curve. Notwithstanding, firms' investment and households' consumption decisions depend mostly on longer term rates, which indicates that the operating procedures in place implement monetary policy decisions very efficiently, without inducing real costs on the economy. Furthermore, some calendar day effects, a U-shaped volatility curve and strong evidence in favour of the expectation hypothesis are documented.
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Giuliodori, Massimo. "Essays on the transmission mechanism of monetary policy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1562/.
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Chapter 1: The monetary version of the sticky price intertemporal model of Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995, 1996), in which unexpected and expansive monetary shocks unambiguously generate a permanent nominal exchange rate depreciation and a temporary current account surplus, is outlined. After discussing some extensions of the basic model and verifying the lack of robustness of the main theoretical predictions to the introduction of alternative assumptions, the chapter provides an empirical investigation of the role of nominal disturbances for current account and real exchange rate fluctuations within a structural VAR approach for 15 OECD countries over the period 1979-1998, using the long-run restriction identification scheme suggested by Clarida and Gali (1994). The main empirical findings suggest that nominal shocks tend to have a significant role in generating temporary current account surpluses and that these effects are proportional to the degree of openness of the country. Chapter 2: Housing systems, as a major sector of industrialised economies, might have profound effects on the transmission mechanism of monetary shock. Despite a progressive convergence, however, EU countries still differ significantly in their housing and credit market institutions. This chapter provides a theoretical discussion of the ‘housing market’ channels of the monetary transmission mechanism (MTM) and offers some evidence on institutional differences across EU countries. Using recursive and semi-structural VARs, the role of house prices in the MTM is then assessed in eight European countries over the pre-EMU period. Results show a different degree of sensitivity of house prices, partly consistent with the institutional features of the European housing systems. The importance of these policy-induced changes in house prices to the transmission of monetary shocks to private consumption are then investigated. The chapter provides some support for the view that the house price channel may be an important source of MTM to consumption in those economies where housing and mortgage markets are relatively more developed and competitive. Chapter 3: This chapter extends the existing cross-country housing empirical literature focusing on the main fundamental factors affecting house price dynamics in a number of ways. First, through the implementation of seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) techniques and heterogeneous panel estimation methods, it is shown that European house prices are asymmetrically affected by real and financial variables. Subsequently, using a recent dataset, which collects quarterly information on housing and mortgage markets of EU countries, separate house price equations are estimated within an unrestricted error correction mechanism (ECM) approach for eleven European economies over the period 1980-2001. Results show that European house prices are driven by similar factors, but that their relative importance differs very significantly across countries. In particular, while real income is this single most important determinant of real house prices, financial effects play a relatively more important role in those countries that experienced a higher degree of financial liberalisation.
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Kganetsano, Tshokologo A. "The transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Botswana." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7988.
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Macroeconomic stability is one of the most important national objectives in any country. However, economies are often subjected to a number of shocks (internal and external), which can be destabilising, produce volatility and make it difficult to achieve and maintain economic stability. Consequently, various policies are used to help deal with the various shocks that may affect the economy. Of all the available policies, monetary policy appears to have been ever more at the centre of macroeconomic policymaking. Meanwhile, for monetary policy to be effective, there is a need for a better understanding of the transmission mechanism, i.e., the process through which monetary policy decisions are transmitted into changes in real output and inflation. Whereas extensive research on the transmission mechanism has been conducted in developed countries, such work in developing countries, especially in Africa is lacking. This could be due to the fact that it was not long time ago, around the 1990s that countries in Africa started adopting the more modem central bank operations in a market-based economic and financial system characterised by indirect monetary policy. Such operations require an understanding of the transmission mechanism. Lack of empirical analysis of the monetary transmission mechanism in Botswana and developing countries of Africa in general, is the main motivating factor behind this thesis. The main objective of this thesis is, therefore, to estimate the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Botswana. Three different, but complementary techniques (the Narrative Approach, Vector Autoregression (VAR) analysis and the Structural Approach involving the estimation of a small structural model for Botswana economy) are used. Results from these methods tell a consistent story and indicate that monetary policy in Botswana affects real output and inflation through the interest rate channel, while the exchange rate channel is not operational. The credit channel is also active but not strong. The structural approach also indicates that devaluation is contractionary in Botswana, but more research is necessary before firmer conclusions could be made.
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Kamati, Reinhold. "Monetary policy transmission mechanism and interest rate spreads." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5883/.
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In contemporary times, monetary policy is evaluated by examining monetary policy shocks represented by changes in nominal interest rates rather than changes in the money supply. In this thesis, we studied three interrelated concepts: the monetary policy transmission mechanism, interest rate spreads and the spread adjusted monetary policy rule. Chapter 1 sets out a theoretical background by reviewing the evolution of monetary policy from money growth targeting to the standard approach of interest rate targeting (pegging) in the new consensus. The new consensus perspective models the economy with a system of three equations: the dynamic forward-looking IS-curve for aggregate demand, an inflation expectation-augmented Phillips curve and the interest rate rule. Monetary policy is defined as fixing the nominal interest rate in order to exert influences on macroeconomic outcomes such as output and expected inflation while allowing the money supply to be determined by interest rate and inflation expectations. Having set out this background, Chapter 2 empirically investigates long-standing questions: how does monetary policy (interest rate policy) affect the economy and how effective is it? This chapter seeks to answer these questions by modelling a monetary policy framework using macroeconomics data from Namibia. Using the new consensus macroeconomic view, this empirical analysis starts from the assumption that money is endogenous, and thus it identifies the bank rate (i.e. Namibia’s repo rate) as the policy instrument which starts the monetary transmission mechanism. We estimated a SVAR and derived structural impulse response functions and cumulative impulse response functions, which showed how output, inflation and bank credit responded to structural shocks, specifically the monetary policy and credit shocks in the short run and the long run. We found that in the short run quarterly real GDP, inflation and private credit declined significantly in response to monetary policy shocks in Namibia. Monetary policy shocks as captured by an unsystematic component of changes in the repo rate considerably caused a sharp decrease for more than three quarters ahead after the first impact in quarterly real GDP. Furthermore, structural impulse response functions showed that real GDP and inflation increased in response to one standard deviation in the private credit shock. In the long run, the cumulative impulse response functions showed that inflation declined and remained below the initial level while responses in other variables were statistically insignificant. South African monetary policy shock caused significant negative responses in private; however, the impacts on quarterly GDP were barely statistically significant in the short run. In all, this empirical evidence shows that the monetary policy of changing the level of repo rate is effective in stabilising GDP, inflation rate and private credit in the short run; and in the long run domestic monetary policy significantly stabilises inflation too. The structural forecast error variance decompositions show that the variations of output attributed to interest rate shock show that the interest rate channel is relatively strong compared with the credit channel. This is substantiated by the fact that repo rate shocks account for a large variation in output compared with the variation attributed to private credit shock. We conclude in this chapter that domestic monetary policy through the repo rate is effective, while the effects from the South African policy rate are not emphatically convincing in Namibia. Therefore, the Central Bank should keep independent monetary policy actions in order to achieve the goals of price stability. In Chapter 3 we investigate the subject of ‘interest rate spreads’, which are seen as the transmitting belts of monetary policy effects in the economy. While it is widely acknowledged that the monetary policy transmission mechanism is very important, it is also clear that the successes of monetary policy stabilisation are influenced by the size of spreads in the economy. Interest spreads are double-edged swords, as they amplify and also dampen monetary effects in the economy. Hence, we investigate the unit root process with structural breaks in interest rate spreads, and the macroeconomic and financial fundamentals that seem to explain large changes in spreads in Namibia. Firstly, descriptive statistics show that spreads always exist and gravitate around the mean above zero and that their paths are significantly amplified during crisis periods. Secondly, the Lanne, Saikkonen and Lutkepohl (2002) unit root test for processes with structural breaks shows that spreads have unit root with structural breaks. Most significant endogenous structural breaks identified coincide with the 1998 East Asia financial crisis period, while the global financial crisis only caused a significant structural break in quarterly GDP. Thirdly, using the definitions of the changes in base spread and retail spread, we find that inflation, unconditional inflation, economic growth rate and interest rate volatilities, and changes in the bank rate and risk premium and South Africa’s spread are some of the significant macroeconomic factors that explain changes in interest rate spread in Namibia. Whether we define interest spread as the retail spread, that is, the difference between average lending rate and average deposit rate, or the base spread, which is the difference between prime lending rate and the bank rate, our empirical results indicate that there macroeconomics and financial fundamentals play a statistically significant role in the determination of interest rate spreads. In the last chapter, we estimate the monetary policy rule augmented with spread - the so called Spread-adjusted Taylor Rule (STR). The simple Spread-adjusted Taylor rule is suggested in principle to be used as simple monetary policy strategy that responds to economic or financial shocks, e.g. rising spreads. In an environment of stable prices or weak demand, rising spreads have challenged current new consensus monetary policy strategy. As a result, the monetary policy framework that attaches weight to inflation and output to achieve price stability has been deemed unable to respond sufficiently to financial stress in the face of financial instability. In response to this challenge, the STR explicitly takes into account the spread to address the weakness of the standard monetary policy reaction in the face of financial instability. We apply the Bayesian method to estimate the posterior distributions of parameters in the simple STR. We use theory-based informed priors and empirical Bayesian priors to estimate the posterior means of the STR model. Our results from this empirical estimation show that monetary policy reaction function can be adjusted with credit spread to caution against tight credit conditions and therefore realise the goal of financial stability and price stability simultaneously. The estimated coefficients obtained from the spread-adjusted monetary policy are consistent with the calibrated parameters suggested by (McCulley & Toloui, 2008) and (Curdia & Woodford, 2009). We find that, on average, a higher credit spread is associated with the probability that the policy target will be adjusted downwards by 55 basis points in response to a marginal increase of one per cent in equilibrium spread. This posterior mean is likely to vary between -30 and -79 basis points with 95% credible intervals. Altogether in this chapter we found that a marginal increase in the rate of inflation above the target by one per cent is associated with probability that the repo rate target will be raised by an amount within the range of 42 to 75 basis points, while little can be said about central banks’ reaction to a marginal increase in output.
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Yamashiro, Guy Matsuo. "Disaggregated systems and the monetary transmission mechanism /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3026375.
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Chan, Irene. "Three essays on the transmission mechanism of monetary policy." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35955.pdf.
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Ahmed, Hossam Eldin Mohammed Abdelkader. "Investigating the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Egypt." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4287/.
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This thesis investigates the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Egypt in the last four decades. To achieve this, five empirical studies are included in this thesis. The consumer‟s expenditure is estimated in Chapter 3, while the investment expenditure under uncertainty is estimated in Chapters 4. Furthermore, the results of these two chapters paved the way to the next chapters, the interest rate channel, chapter 5, and the bank lending channel, Chapter 6. Moreover, Chapter 7 devoted to estimate the exchange rate channel under the regime shift. However, Chapter 2 provides all the required discussion about the economic policies and developments in the Egyptian economy for the purpose of this thesis. The time series econometrics is used in all of these chapters. The unit root tests, the Engle-Ganger two-step cointegration approach, the bounds tests, and GARCH models are used in Chapters 3 and 4. However, unit root tests, the VAR models, Granger-causality, the impulse response function, variance decomposition, the Johansen‟s cointegration, and the VECM are used in Chapters 5, 6, and 7. The results of these chapters assert the existence of the channels of monetary transmission mechanism in Egypt between 1975 and 2010.
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Ibn, Boamah Mustapha. "The monetary policy transmission mechanism and inflation control in Ghana." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2009. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/170/.
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The central bank of Ghana officially adopted an explicit inflating targeting monetary policy in May 2007 following its operational independence in March 2002. This thesis firstly explores the evolution of monetary policy and inflation in Ghana, before characterising the conduct and effectiveness of monetary policy. The thesis uses time series estimations of Taylor-type reactions functions to characterise monetary policy conduct and uses three other approaches to evaluate monetary policy effectiveness. In the first approach the long-run interest rate response to inflation, output gap, and other inflation precursors from estimated reaction functions is compared with Taylor’s reference values. The second method analyses the responsiveness of the policy interest rate to commercial bank retail rates while the third approach investigates the monetary transmission mechanism to the wider economy using variables’ impulse responses to investigate how other important variables that are either the final objective of policy or the conduit through which the final objective of policy is attained, behave in response to monetary policy. The analysis uses a modified cointegration and error correction model that is robust to the stationary properties of the data as well as vector autoregression techniques. The results show monetary policy was largely effective in influencing the savings rate but not quite effective in controlling inflation. An alternative model (McCallum 1995a) that uses monetary aggregates as a policy instrument appears to explain monetary policy in Ghana better. The thesis suggests possible reasons for the non effectiveness of monetary policy and offer policy recommendations for long-term inflation control.
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Tkacz, Gregoire 1971. "Three empirical essays on asymmetries in the monetary policy transmission mechanism." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35952.
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The objective of this dissertation is to ascertain empirically whether there are non-linearities between interest rates and selected macroeconomic variables in the monetary policy transmission mechanism. This is accomplished by using recently-developed econometric techniques to uncover, and model, the non-linearities. We consider relationships between five variables along the path of the transmission mechanism (commercial interest rates, consumption, investment, output growth and inflation changes) and interest rates over which the central monetary authority has significant control (such as a long-short yield spread or a short-term money market rate). Our findings reveal that there is evidence in favor of non-linearities, with expansionary policy having a smaller impact on the key variables than a contractionary policy in the United States. In some instances we are successfully able to capture these non-linearities using either threshold or neural network models.
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Alwani, Shariman M. N. "Evaluating the effectiveness of the monetary transmission mechanism in Malaysia." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3232094.
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Tkacz, Gregoire. "Three empirical essays on asymmetries in the monetary policy transmission mechanism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0026/NQ50271.pdf.
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GRANDJEAN, YANN ALBERT. "THE WORK INCOME CHANNEL AS A TRANSMISSION MECHANISM OF MONETARY POLICY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7376@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA resposta do nível de atividade a movimentos de política monetária costuma ser caracterizada pela heterogeneidade entre diferentes setores, em termos de intensidade e velocidade de resposta. Em particular, setores produtores de bens duráveis tendem a exibir uma resposta mais intensa e mais rápida, em contraste com uma resposta mais fraca e mais lenta de setores produtores de bens não duráveis. Uma interpretação convencional atribui essa heterogeneidade a uma maior sensibilidade da demanda por bens duráveis às condições de crédito, enquanto a demanda por bens não duráveis dependeria primordialmente da dinâmica da renda do trabalho, que por sua vez tenderia a ser menos volátil e a responder aos estímulos do crédito com alguma defasagem. Há, entretanto, uma séria carência de estudos que isolem e quantifiquem a contribuição da renda do trabalho para a transmissão da política monetária, ao contrário do que ocorre em relação a outros fatos estilizados relacionados ao ciclo econômico. Esta dissertação faz uma tentativa de quantificação mediante técnicas baseadas em vetores auto-regressivos, que permitem construir uma resposta contrafactual da economia a um choque monetário desligando o canal de transmissão que passa pela renda do trabalho. Os primeiros resultados obtidos para a economia norteamericana, com uma amostra que vai de 1980 a 1997, indicam que a transmissão dos choques monetários para os setores produtores de bens não duráveis depende quase integralmente do canal da renda do trabalho, enquanto no caso dos bens duráveis a contribuição desse canal, embora perceptível, não é proporcionalmente tão dominante. Esses resultados, contudo, não são robustos à extensão do período amostral para incluir dados até 2004, que sugere uma substancial perda de importância do canal da renda.
The GDP answer to monetary policy stimulus is characterized by heterogeneity among different sectors, in terms of intensity and duration. Furthermore, durable goods producer tend to present a faster and intense response while the non durable producer use to react with bigger lags and in a softer way. A conventional lecture assign those differences to a more sensitive demand of durable goods to credit conditions as long as the non durables depends primarily on the work income dynamics, which in turn is less volatile and reacts to monetary policy impulses in a sluggish way. However, there is a serious gap of studies that isolate and quantify the work income channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism, assaying the well known facts related to the economic business cycle. The purpose of this work is to quantify this mechanism using a VAR framework approach, which allows counterfactuals impulse response functions construction turning off the work income channel of monetary policy transmission of a given closed economy. The first results, using US economy quarterly data from 1980 to 1997, shows that the monetary policy transmission to non durable goods sector depends almost exclusively on the work income channel in contrast to the durable goods sector, which depends in a less exclusively way. Nevertheless, the extended exercise corresponding to an extended data, from1980 to 2004 hints a substantial loss of power explanation of the work income channel.
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Sheefeni, Johannes Peyavali Sheefeni. "Monetary policy in Namibia, 1993-2011." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3935.
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This thesis investigated the role of monetary policy in Namibia for the period 1993 to 2011. It aims at achieving six objectives. First, it reviews the evolution of monetary policy in Namibia for the period 1980 to 2011. Second, it investigates the interest rate channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Namibia. Third, it analyses the credit channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Namibia. Fourth, it evaluates the exchange rate channel of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Namibia. Fifth, it studies the money effect model in the context of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Namibia. Sixth, it examines the exchange rate pass–through (ERPT) to domestic prices in Namibia. In order to achieve the objectives of the relative importance of the different channels of monetary policy transmission, a structural vector autoregressive model of the Namibian economy is constructed. Specifically the responses of the output and prices to monetary policy shocks for Namibia over the quarterly period 1993:Q1 to 2011:Q4 are investigated using impulse response functions and forecast variance error decompositions obtained from a structural vector autoregressive model (SVAR). The thesis also examined the exchange rate pass-through from exchange rate to domestic prices using both SVAR and the single equation error correction model (ECM). Estimation results on the different channels of monetary policy transmission mechanism showed that the interest rate channel and the credit channel are effective in transmitting monetary policy actions. The exchange rate channel is also operative but not effective. The money effect model confirms that inflation in Namibia is not a monetary phenomenon. The results of the pass-through relationship showed that there is an incomplete but high exchange rate pass-through from exchange rate to domestic prices.
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Wibowo, Pungky Purnomo. "Monetary policy transmission mechanism and bank portfolio behaviour: the case of Indonesia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594814.
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This thesis assesses the implications of financial deregulation and financial innovation on the following aspects of monetary policy transmission and bank portfolio behaviour in Indonesia. Chapter 4 investigates monetary policy transmission by employing bank balance sheet (loans, deposits and securities) and main macroeconomic variables (exchange rates, stock market index, output and consumer price index). Furthermore, the chapter investigates empirically, using V AR systems, the existence of each channel in the changing financial environment are evaluated for aggregate data (all banks) and disaggregate data across five groups of banks (foreign banks, private banks, mixed banks, regional banks and state banks) by investigating their impulse responses, variance decompositions and accumulated effects. Our observation covers the period of January 1980 to December 2001. In order to capture the effect of financial deregulation which assumed to bring innovations in monetary policy and the effect of 1997 financial crisis, we divide the whole period into three sub period: Period 1 (1980:01-1988:12) in which captures the first 1983 financial deregulation; Period 2 (1988:01-1996:12) in which covers the second big 1988 financial deregulation; and Period 3 (1997:01-2001:12) which include the 1997 financial crisis. In Chapter 5, we examine the role of Non Performing Loans (NPL) in Indonesian monetary transmission mechanism following the methodology employed in Chapter 4. In general, the results, both in Chapter 4 and 5, indicate that monetary policy contraction is not effective in the short run (three months); In the long run (60 months), money is super-neutral as proposed by Friedman (classical view) for the whole observation; while the results across three periods indicates various results in the short-run. Based on the results in Chapter 4 and 5, we investigate further the way Indonesian monetary transmission operates by examining bank portfolio behaviour across five groups of banks (foreign, mixed, private, regional and state banks) in Chapter 6. This chapter focuses on the effect of monetary policy, third party funds and NPL in affecting Indonesian banks behaviour toward loans and other liquidity assets, such as Certificate Bank Indonesia (SBI) and inter bank call money for impact, interim and total effects. We employ a dynamic mean-variance expected utility approach that enables us to calculate the multiplier responses of the choice items to unit changes in exogenous variables. The multiplier effects involve three kinds effects: impact (current), interim (ensuing periods) and total (cumulative) multipliers. The econometric technique employed in the estimation of this chapter is Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML). The findings confirm that monetary policy has the greatest impact effects on the banks' portfolios. In regard to the interim effects, all three factors affect those portfolios. In the long run, however, the variable NPL has the greatest influence. Consequently, it can be suggested that Bank Indonesia has to set prudential regulations on, and introduce some stringent supervision of, the banks to reduce the hindrance to the transmission of its monetary policy.
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Ratsebe, Thobo. "Monetary policy transmission mechanism in Botswana: A time-varying parameter VAR approach." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33910.
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This study examines the evolution of Botswana's monetary policy transmission mechanism by employing a time-varying parameter model. Botswana provides a good context for assessing the transmission of monetary policy over time, following structural and macroeconomic reforms since 1989. The time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model with stochastic volatility is employed for quarterly time series data from 1994Q1 to 2018Q4. The study evaluates how the responses of real non-mining output and price levels to the Bank Rate, exchange rate, and credit shocks changed over time. The paper contributes to the literature by capturing the timevarying nature of the underlying structure of the monetary policy and the economy of Botswana. The empirical results indicate that real output, inflation, and exchange rate responses to monetary policy shocks changed over time under the study period, confirming the time-varying nature of monetary policy transmission for Botswana.
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Dastgir, Shabbir. "Essays on the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/772/.
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This study presents coverage of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in the UK. It shows that historically, monetary policy has evolved through several distinct phases and frameworks over the last quarter of a century. A "new consensus" has emerged as a key theoretical construct of this process, with implications for the nature and role of money in an endogenous framework. It is argued that this is the essential basis for the current mode of economic analysis at the Bank of England. A further series of implications of this are the outcomes of Inflation Targeting as an objective of monetary policy. The stance can be shown to underpin thinking on monetary policy rules and these are used to perform an initial econometric analysis of a monetary policy reaction function. It is argued that the essential time series properties of such rules are generally overlooked in the empirical literature. Tentative analysis suggests that Taylor-type monetary policy reaction functions may not necessarily fit with an Inflation Targeting policy. In addition, the extent of pass through from official to retail bank interest rates is considered and shown to be incomplete.
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Munyengwa, Tebogo. "Monetary policy transmission mechanism in Botswana: how does the Central Bank policy rate affect the economy?" University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4587.
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Magister Economicae - MEconThe transmission mechanism of monetary policy has generated a substantial amount of interest in economic research in many countries, with most studies focusing on how a change in monetary policy stance, usually defined as an exogenous shock in a short-term interest rate, affects the economy at a national level, with changes in output, inflation and exchange rates being the key variables under investigation. This study adopts a similar analysis, with the general objective of examining the effectiveness of monetary policy in Botswana. Specifically, this study aims at finding out how the central bank rate affects inflation in Botswana and the duration of its effects on economic variables in Botswana. The study adopts the recursive VAR methodology, using quarterly data from 1995 quarter one to 2009 quarter four. The results show that monetary policy is most effective via the interest rate channel in Botswana, followed by the credit channel and then the exchange rate channel. In addition, the results reflect that the economy reacts to monetary policy actions with a one period lag, with the effect lasting for seven quarters.
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Ozsuca, Ekin Ayse. "Banks And Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism:an Empirical Analysis For Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615010/index.pdf.
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The purpose of this thesis is to empirically explore the characteristics of the monetary transmission mechanism, with a particular emphasis on the role of banks, in Turkey. By looking at the banking sector at the micro level and exploiting dynamic panel data modeling approaches, the heterogeneity in banks&rsquoresponse in terms of their lending and risk-taking to changes in policy interest rates is analyzed. The first essay is an empirical analysis of the bank lending channel of monetary transmission. In this regard, the lending behavior of banks operating over the period 1988-2009 is examined. Given the changes in the policy stance and developments in the financial system following the 2000-01 crisis, the analysis is further conducted for the two sub-periods: 1988-2001 and 2002 2009, to examine whether there is a change in the functioning of the credit channel. Empirical evidence suggests cross sectional heterogeneity in banks&rsquo
response to monetary policy changes during 1988-2009. Regarding the results of the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods, it is found that an operative bank lending channel existed in 1988-2001, however its impact became much stronger thereafter. Furthermore, there are significant differences in the distributional effects due to bank specific characteristics in the impact of monetary policy on credit supply between the two sub-periods. The second essay investigates the existence of risk-taking channel of monetary policy by using quarterly data over the period 2002-2012. Four alternative risk measures are used in the analysis
three accounting-based risk indicators and a market-based indicator. Our findings show that low levels of interest rates have a positive impact of banks&rsquo
risk-taking behavior for all risk measures. In terms of bank specific characteristics, our results imply that large, liquid and well-capitalized banks are less prone to risk-taking.
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Nyiranshuti, Claudette. "Monetary policy transmission mechanism in Rwanda: review of the bank lending channel post 1994." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3923.
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This research attempts to empirically examine the bank-lending channel in monetary policy transmission in Rwanda, using quarterly data for the period 1996Q1 to 2011Q4. The responses of the loans supply, real output, prices, and deposits to monetary policy innovations were investigated in this research, using impulse response functions and variance decompositions obtained from a Vector Autoregressive model (VAR). Estimation results revealed that the bank lending channel in Rwanda is less effective. The findings suggest that although monetary policies working through interest rates have a significant effect on bank loans, loans appear to not influence the real output level. As in other developing economies, the financial sector in Rwanda is still weak. As a result of the absence of long- term investment, bank customers bear the risk associated with the poor quality of loans in addition to the risk associated with high and variable inflation. These are likely to hamper the monetary policy transmission mechanism.
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Spencer, Brett. "Credit Market Imperfections, Financial Crisis and the Transmission of Monetary Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/163.
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This paper uses U.S. macroeconomic data drawn from 2001 to 2010 in order to test for the operation of a credit channel of monetary transmission. Using a combination of a VAR and ADL time series frameworks, evidence is found for the impairment of the credit channel during the crisis period relative to the period which preceded it. Evidence is also found against the presence of a "credit crunch" during the crisis, and supporting evidence is found for the existence of a "credit trap." This analysis indicates a significant role for credit market imperfections in the transmission of monetary policy, and holds policy implications for the potential impact of future monetary expansions conducted in the setting of a financial crisis.
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Mazelis, Falk Henry. "The Role of Shadow Banking in the Monetary Transmission Mechanism." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19251.
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Diese Doktorarbeit besteht aus drei Aufsätzen, in welchen die Reaktion von Finanzinstitutionen auf Geldpolitik analysiert wird. In dem ersten Aufsatz finde ich anhand eines Bayesian VAR, dass eine Erhöhung des Leitzinses zu einer zusätzlichen Kreditvergabe in Nichtbanken (NBFI) führt. Banken verleihen wie bereits bekannt weniger. Der Grund für die gegensätzliche Bewegung liegt in der unterschiedliche Art der Finanzierung. Dieser Befund legt nahe, dass die Existenz von NBFI die Volatilität der aggregierten Kreditvergabe zu geldpolitischen Schocks verringern könnte. Zusätzlich bietet die Analyse einen Erklärungsansatz für die Beobachtung, dass sich die Kreditvergabe seit der Finanzkrise stockend entwickelt hat.
Im zweiten Aufsatz knüpfe ich an diese empirische Untersuchung an, indem ich ein theoretisches Modell mit unterschiedlichen Arten von Firmenfinanzierung entwerfe. Haushalte müssen sich zwischen festverzinsichlichen und erfolgsbedingten Sparmöglichkeiten entscheiden. Auf Grundlage des Modells von Bernanke, Gertler und Gilchrist (1999) mikrofundiere ich die Entscheidung über Unternehmensgründung in Form von Eigenkapitalinvestitionen.
Im dritten Aufsatz entwickele ich ein geschätztes DSGE Modell mit Finanzierungsfriktionen, welches in der Lage ist, die empirischen Ergebnisse zu replizieren. Ich untersuche, wie sich die Regulierung von Schattenbanken auf eine Volkswirtschaft am ZLB auswirkt. Konsumvolatilität wird reduziert, wenn Schattenbankenkredite stattdessen von Banken vergeben werden. Alternativ dazu führt die Behandlung von Schattenbanken wie Investment Fonds dazu, dass eine Volkswirtschaft am ZLB eine mildere Rezession und einen schnelleren Austritt erlebt. Der Grund liegt darin, dass ein Nachfrageschock, der die Volkswirtschaft zum ZLB bringt, eine Reaktion hervorruft, die vergleichbar mit geldpolitischen Schocks ist, da am ZLB keine Möglichkeit der Leitzinsverringerung besteht.This thesis consists of three essays that analyze the reaction of financial institutions to monetary policy. In the first essay, I use a Bayesian VAR to show that an increase in the monetary policy rate raises credit intermediation by non-bank financial institutions (NBFI). As is well known, credit intermediation by banks is reduced. The movement in opposite directions is explained by the difference in funding. This finding suggests that the existence of NBFI may decrease aggregate volatility following monetary policy shocks. Following this evidence, I construct a theoretical model that includes different types of funding in the second essay. Households face a savings choice between state contingent (equity) and non-state contingent (debt) assets. I use the financial accelerator model of Bernanke, Gertler and Gilchrist (1999) as a basis and microfound the decision by which new net worth in entrepreneurs is created. A Bayesian estimation suggests a change in the survival rate of entrepreneurs, affecting impulse responses. The analysis suggests that models that use the financial accelerator should include endogenous firm entry if variables regarding household portfolios or shocks directly affecting firm net worth are considered. In the third essay, I develop an estimated monetary DSGE model with funding market frictions that is able to replicate the empirical facts. In a counterfactual exercise I study how the regulation of shadow banks affects an economy at the ZLB. Consumption volatility is reduced when shadow bank assets are directly held by commercial banks. Alternatively, regulating shadow banks like investment funds results in a milder recession during, and a quicker escape from, the ZLB. The reason is that a recessionary demand shock that moves the economy to the ZLB has similar effects to a monetary tightening due to the inability to reduce the policy rate below zero.
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Pham, Anh Tuan. "Monetary policies and the macroeconomic performance of Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/95942/1/Tuan_Pham%20Anh_Thesis.pdf.
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The operation and impacts of Vietnam’s monetary policies while opening to the international macro-economy are investigated using quantitative analysis of the Trilemma rule and structural vector autoregression (SVAR) estimation of monetary transmission channels. As abrupt opening of the capital account and unappreciated channel effects can make monetary policy markedly less effective, policy foundations need revisiting. An extension of the monetary channel framework underlying monetary policies, in Vietnam and elsewhere, is proposed. More comprehensive monitoring and analysis of monetary channels and effects using the framework developed could greatly improve the information available to decision makers, policy effectiveness and economic performance.
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Lunven, Sandrine. "Determinants and transmission of monetary policy in China." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2016/document.
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L’objectif est d’analyser les déterminants et les mécanismes de transmission de la politique monétaire en Chine au cours des deux décennies passées. Elle contribue à la littérature par le biais de deux nouvelles mesures de la politique monétaire en Chine, l'une combinant les instruments utilisés par la banque centrale et l'autre basée sur les discours de la banque centrale sur la politique monétaire. Ces deux approches permettent de prendre en compte le comportement complexe et adaptatif de la banque centrale. Ces mesures permettent de mettre en évidence des changements substantiels dans le style de la politique à partir de 2002, plus graduelle et agressive envers l’inflation, en lien avec le début du mandat du gouverneur Xiaochuan, le processus de libéralisation des taux d’intérêt et l’ouverture commerciale et financière de la Chine. De plus, l’estimation d’un modèle à choix discret révèle une politique monétaire caractérisée par une politique accommodante sur l’inflation avant 2002 et un ciblage implicite de l’inflation à partir de 2002, similaire à celles du G3 pré- et post-1979. Enfin, cette thèse analyse les facteurs expliquant la déformation de la courbe des taux obligataires en Chine au cours de la dernière décennie. Alors que le contrôle des taux d’intérêt peut entraver l’usage de la courbe de taux comme référence pour évaluer les actifs risqués, celle-ci évolue bien en lien avec les autres instruments, la situation macroéconomique en Chine et de plus en plus aux communications de la banque centrale. Enfin, nos analyses révèlent l’influence de la politique monétaire américaine sur celle de la Chine et sur l’évolution de la courbe de taux sur la décennie passéeThe objective of this thesis is to enhance the understanding of the determinants and the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in China over the last two decades. It contributes to the literature providing two new composite measures of monetary policy in China based on alternative approaches, one combining the large range of monetary policy instruments and the other based on central bank speeches. Both prove to be essential to take into account the complex and adaptive behavior of the People’s Bank of China (PBC). Our instrument-based monetary policy index emphasizes substantial changes in policy style towards smoother but more hawkish policy moves from 2002 onwards, consistent with the start of the mandate of Governor Zhou Xiaochuan, the interest rate liberalization process and the increasing trade and financial opening. Moreover, the estimation of a discrete-choice model implies a conduct of monetary policy characterized by an inflation-accommodating policy before 2002 and an implicit inflation targeting from 2002 onwards, which respectively resembles that of pre-1979 and post-1979 policy of the G3. Our thesis examines the deformation of the bond yield curve over the last decade to evaluate monetary policy transmission mechanisms. While regulated interest rates can hamper the use of the yield curve as benchmark for pricing risk, the latter moves in line with the other instruments, the macroeconomic situation, and increasingly to central bank communication, a crucial step toward a market oriented system. Finally, US monetary policy significantly affects monetary policy determinants and transmission mechanisms in China, particularly from its WTO accession in 2001
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Gu, Dapeng. "External imbalances and international transmission mechanisms." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609763.
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Markidou, Aikaterini. "The transmission mechanism of monetary policy and the bank lending channel : the case of Greece." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554220.
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Credit developments carry significant information about both economic and financial activity. First of all, changes in credit provide signals about the availability at and demand for funds supporting (or deterring) investment and spending decisions by the private non-financial sector. This is particularly the case with respect to Greece where bank lending is one of the major sources of financing for firms and households. In addition, up to the present, the Greek banking sector has been scarcely studied due to data limitations. This thesis analyzes the relevance of a bank lending channel (BLC) operating in the monetary transmission process in Greece for the period 1980-2008 by means of two different conceptually methodologies and investigates the credit view of monetary policy. A SV AR approach with a macro-dynamic system attempts to examine the interaction between bank credit and key macroeconomic variables. The outcomes are not in favour of the existence of the BLC in Greece when monetary base is considered as the main monetary policy variable. On the other hand, when interest rate is used to capture the role of monetary policy variable, there is weak evidence that BLC might be present and bank credit to households seems to be more vulnerable compared to bank credit to corporations. The second approach estimates a model within the VECM framework, and which allows disentangling of loan supply and loan demand side effects of monetary policy moves. By using the Johansen approach, two cointegrating vectors are detected, which are tentatively identified as a long-run loan demand equation, and a long-run loan supply equation, respectively. Nevertheless, the upshots of the short-run dynamics cannot firmly indicate whether interest rate spread is a critical determinant of loan supply in Greece. Moreover, the credit market assumed to be demand driven where only demand side effects contribute substantially to the impact of monetary policy actions, implying the nonexistence of the BLC for the case of Greece.
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Beyer, Andreas H. "Monetary transmission mechanisms and central bank policy : essays in econometric modelling." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262907.
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Silva, António Jorge Esteves da. "The monetary transmission mechanism in the Euro Area : has it changed with the EMU?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6904.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraWe study whether the adoption of the euro and a single monetary policy have brought about a change in the monetary transmission mechanism and in the interactions of monetary policy, fiscal policy and financial stress in the euro area. We find that the stylized facts of monetary transmission remain valid but the response of output and, mainly, the fiscal and financial stress variables to a monetary policy shock seem to be stronger in the post-EMU period. These changes may signal a higher degree of synchronization of the euro area countries’ economies after the adoption of the euro. Regarding fiscal and financial stress shocks, the inclusion in the post-EMU period of the subprime and sovereign debt crises yields changes not only in the scale but also in the patterns of the responses of our model’s main variables. Overall, we conclude that the subprime and sovereign debt crises have contributed markedly to the post-EMU impulse response functions and, if those periods of financial turbulence are excluded, the responses of the macro variables to monetary, fiscal and financial stress shocks in the post-EMU period are of a remarkably small magnitude.
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Atchariyachanvanich, Waranya. "VAR Analysis of Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanisms : Empirical Study on Five Asian Countries after the Asian Crisis." Graduate School of International Development. Nagoya University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6256.
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Mohamed, Azali. "The monetary policy transmission mechanism : the Malaysian experience during the pre-liberalisation and post-liberalisation periods." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326023.
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Schmidt, Benjamin [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Spahn. "Unconventional monetary policy : theoretical foundations, transmission mechanisms and policy implications / Benjamin Schmidt ; Betreuer: Peter Spahn." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1161007121/34.
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Vera, David. "Essays on the monetary transmission mechanism, changes in the United States banking system and small business lending." Diss., Connected to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3179190.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed February 28, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Moleka, Elvis Musango. "Inflation dynamics and its effects on monetary policy rules." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687344.
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This thesis examines dynamic relationships between inflation and monetary policy in a sample of African economies using quarterly data over the period 1980:01 to 2012:04. The literature on inflation dynamics and monetary policy focuses on developed economies, with little attention devoted to the African economies, which is potentially explained by the fact that in the past monetary policy played second fiddle because of fiscal policy dominance following episodes of high inflation and stabilization policies that occurred in the 1980's. This thesis fills an important gap in assessing African's monetary policy. The thesis predominantly uses the Vector-Autoregression (VAR) framework to examine the monetary policy frameworks of the African economies. The thesis finds that an interest rate shock on average explain a more significant proportion of the variance in the output gap and inflation than the exchange rate, in terms of analysing the decomposition of shocks to the economy. This shows a shift in the monetary policy focus away from exchange rate management to interest rate targeting as the African economies have become more market oriented. The monetary policy reveal strong asymmetric responses with respect to the macroeconomic variables when inflation exceeds its threshold value. The analysis suggests that monetary policy in the African economies is regime-dependent, propagated through the inflation thresholds, such that the authorities strongly implement policy changes when inflation goes beyond a certain threshold. The thesis reveals that by taking into account the prior belief of the monetary authorities, it helps produce better estimates of the performance of the monetary policy transmission mechanism, as it combines prior information with the sampling information which is contained in the data. The overall novelty of the thesis is that some African economies are adopting inflation targeting policies instead of exchange rate management. It is imperative that the subsequent inflation targeting frameworks will achieve monetary policy objectives for the African economies and the use of interest rate management should be continued.
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Nöckel, Matthias [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauer. "Monetary Policy During Times of Crisis - Frictions and Non-Linearities in the Transmission Mechanism / Matthias Nöckel ; Betreuer: Christian Bauer." Trier : Universität Trier, 2017. http://d-nb.info/119770339X/34.
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Kim, Dong-Hyeon. "Relative effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policies : with emphasis on disaggregated private spendings and policy transmission mechanisms /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953871.
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Tahir, Muhammad Naveed. "Essays on Inflation Dynamics and Monetary Policy in a Globalized World." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22025/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser l’effet de la globalisation sur la dynamique de l’inflation et sur la politique monétaire dans un monde de globalisation. Cette thèse porte 3 chapitres :Dans le premier chapitre, nous nous intéressons à l’impact de la globalisation financière sur le comportement du ciblage d’inflation dans les pays émergents, avec une attention particulière portée au taux de change : la Banque centrale répond-elle aux mouvements du taux de change ? Nous nous sommes basés sur des données trimestrielles de six pays émergents qui pratiquent la politique de ciblage d’inflation, depuis la date de l’adoption de cette dernière, jusqu’au dernier trimestre 2009 (2009 Q4). L’étude se base sur un modèle de petite économie ouverte néo-Keynésien à la Gali et Monacelli (2005). Nous utilisons un estimateur GMM à équations multiples pour analyser la relation. Les résultats nous montrent que la réponse de la Banque Centrale au taux de change est statistiquement significatif dans le cas du Brésil, du Chili, du Mexique et de la Thaïlande. En revanche, elle ne l’est pas pour la Corée ni pour la République Tchèque. Théoriquement, le résultat ne devrait pas être significatif même avec un ciblage d’inflation flexible où la banque centrale répond aux écarts d’inflation et de production.Nous pensons que les caractéristiques particulières des pays émergents, telles que la peur du flottement “fear of floating”, le manque de développement du système financier ainsi qu’un manque de crédibilité de la banque centrale, expliquent cette préoccupation des banque centrales pour les variations de change. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous étudions d’une façon empirique l’importance relative des canaux de transmission de la politique monétaire pour le Brésil, le Chili et la Corée. Cette partie se base sur des données mensuelles depuis l’adoption du ciblage d’inflation jusqu’à décembre 2009 (2009 M12). Nous utilisons un modèle SVAR, en incorporant les principaux canaux de transmission monétaire simultanément au lieu de les considérer séparément. Les résultats empiriques indiquent que le canal de taux de change ainsi que canal du prix des actifs ont une importance relativement plus élevée que le canal du taux d’intérêt traditionnel ou le canal du crédit pour la production industrielle. Les résultats sont très différents dans le cas de l’inflation, à l’exception de la Corée. Le classement élevé canal du taux de change et du canal du prix des actifs correspondent aux résultats de Gudmundsson (2007) : le canal du taux de change pourrait avoir pris une importance grandissante avec la développement de la globalisation financière.Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudions empiriquement le rôle de l’ouverture - réelle et financière - sur la dynamique de l’inflation au Brésil, Chile en Corée du Sud. L’étude se base sur des données mensuelles, depuis l’adoption du ciblage d’inflation jusqu’à décembre 2009. Dans ce dernier chapitre, nous utilisons méthode de moments généralisée (GMM). Le ratio Importation sur PIB est considéré comme étant l’indicateur de l’ouverture réelle. En ce qui concerne l’ouverture financière, nous considérons alternativement l’indice de Chinn et Ito (KAOPEN) mesurant le degré de libéralisation des opérations sur le compte financier, et l’indicateur proposé per Lane et Milesi-Ferreti (2009).Nous concluons dans ce chapitre qu’il existe en général une relation positive entre l’ouverture réelle et l’inflation. En ce qui concerne l’ouverture financière, les résultats sont moins tranchés et dépendent largement de l’indicateur utilisé pour mesurer l’ouverture financièreThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of globalization on the dynamics of inflation and monetary policy in a globalized world. It consists of three essays.In the first essay we investigate the impact of financial globalization on the behaviour of inflation targeting emerging market economies with respect to exchange rate – Do central banks respond to exchange rate movements or not? We use quarterly data for six emerging market inflation targeting economies from the date of their inflation targeting adoption to 2009 Q4. The chapter uses small open economy new Keynesian model à la Gali and Monacelli (2005), and employs multi-equation GMM technique to investigate the relationship. We find that the response of central bank to the exchange rate in case of Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Thailand is statistically significant while insignificant for Korea and Czech Republic. Theoretically, it should not be so as even under flexible inflation targeting central bank responds to inflation deviation and output gap; we think that the peculiar characteristics of emerging markets, like fear of floating, weak financial system and low level of central bank credibility make exchange rate important for these economies. In the second essay we investigate empirically the relative importance of monetary transmission channels for Brazil, Chile and Korea. This chapter uses monthly data from the inception of inflation targeting regime to 2009 M12. We use a SVAR model incorporating the main monetary transmission channels combined together instead of individual channels in isolation. The empirical results indicate that the exchange rate channel and the share price channel have higher relative importance than the traditional interest rate and credit channel for industrial production. The results are not much different in case of inflation, except for Korea. The high ranking of exchange rate and share price channel is in line with the results by Gudmundsson (2007), which finds that exchange rate channel might have overburdened in the wake of financial globalization.In the third chapter we investigate empirically the role of openness – real and financial – on the inflation dynamics of Brazil, Chile and Korea. The chapter uses monthly data from the inception of inflation targeting regime to the end month of 2009. In this chapter we employ the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique. We use imports to GDP ratio as an indicator for real openness whereas Chinn and Ito index (KAOPEN) and total assets plus total liabilities to GDP ratio form the data set of Lane and Milesi-Ferretti are two proxies for financial openness. The chapter concludes that there exists, generally, a positive relationship between real openness and inflation. However, in case of financial globalization the results are inconclusive as they are sensitive to measurement method of financial globalization
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Jayamaha, Ranee. "The monetary transmission mechanism in Sri Lanka 1977-1985 : a macro simulation approach to the modelling of the money supply process and the construction of an analytical framework for monetary management." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4341.
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The primary objective of this thesis is to analyse the relationship between money and the macro-economy in Sri Lanka between 1977 and 1985, in order to identify the paths through which monetary policy impulses are transmitted over this period. In doing so, - we also hope to highlight the use of macro-simulation as a tool for the analysis of the monetary transmission mechanism and to emphasise the importance of formulating monetary policy within an explicit monetary control framework. This is especially important in Sri Lanka since monetary policy has been a key instrument of demand management since 1977 and historically there has been a noticeable absence of an explicit monetary control framework. Empirical research on the monetary transmission mechanism has been very limited as far as developing countries are concerned. An exception here is the SEACEN (1981) study which simulates the effects of monetary shocks on a number of South East Asian countries, including Sri Lanka, using a flexible monetarist approach. Our research is based upon a revision of the specification of this model for Sri Lanka and a more comprehensive disaggregation of the monetary transmission channels. Our empirical model produces statistical results which are generally acceptable and conform to a Priori expectations. This model is then simulated dynamically, both, to validate the equations in the context of a complete model and to quantify the impact of alternative policy scenarios relating to the monetary transmission mechanism in Sri Lanka. We believe that our results will help to shed light on the nature of the monetary transmission mechanism in developing countries as well as provide the basis for an on-going analysis of monetary management in Sri Lanka.
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Медвідь, Т. В. "Передавальний механізм монетарної політики: проблеми аналізу в Україні." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62125.
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У доповіді розглядаються основні підходи до аналізу процесу передачі монетарних імпульсів, визначення структури каналів передавального механізму грошово-кредитної політики та характеризується дія основних із них в Україні.The paper identifies two main approaches to the impulse transmission process, analyzes framework of MTM channels. Besides, monetary policy transmission mechanism channel’s activity in Ukraine is considered.
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Карпенко, А. М. "Монетарний трансмісійний механізм та його особливості в Україні." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38696.
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Одним із найголовніших факторів підвищення економічної активності будь-якої держави є ефективна грошово-кредитна політика. У свою чергу, вона залежить від правильної побудови цілей, від урахування взаємозв’язку між фінансовим та реальним секторами економіки. Основні інструменти державного макроекономічного регулювання знаходяться у сфері монетарної політики, яку формує Національний банк України відповідно до чинного законодавства. Саме НБУ, застосовуючи різні інструменти монетарної політики, впливає на фінансовий сектор економіки, а в подальшому – і на макроекономічні змінні. Даний механізм передачі імпульсів змін, що здійснюється монетарною владою на основі каналів зв’язку і називається трансмісійним механізмом грошово-кредитної політики.
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Phelps, Barry Keith. "Financial contagion and the transmission of the 2007 US financial crisis to South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019714.
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The topic of financial contagion has attracted increased attention in economic literature over the past three decades; in particular after the Asian crisis of 1997. This dissertation investigates financial contagion and its effects on South Africa after the 2007 global financial crisis. In particular, it examines whether South Africa experienced contagion from the United States stock market to its own over the period 1 July 2007 to 1 April 2009 within the strict definition of contagion or otherwise: the fraction of exceedance events in the stock market that is left unexplained by its own covariates but is explained by the exceedance from another region. This is tested empirically with a binomial-nominal logistic model. In addition to this, various financial and trade transmission mechanisms are tested to empirically determine through which channels the crisis was propagated. The analysis makes use of quarterly data from January 2002 to April 2009, within an OLS framework, with a dummy variable differentiating the periods before and after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. The findings suggest that contagion was in fact not present in this crisis, which speaks to market rationality and indicates that the South African stock market did in fact react rationally to a changing macroeconomic environment over this period. The transmission mechanism analyses indicate that there was a change in the interdependence relationship between the two stock markets following the crash of Lehman Brothers in September 2008. It is apparent that both trade and financial variables played significant roles in the propagation of this crisis.
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Kampamba, Remmy. "Monetary policy transmission mechanisms in three post-liberalisation Sub-Saharan African countries : the case of Ghana, Tanzania and Zambia." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.561287.
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Cermeño, Rodolfo, Oscar Dancourt, Gustavo Ganiko, and Waldo Mendoza. "Active Interest Rates and Monetary Policy: An Analysis with Individual Banks Data." Economía, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117519.
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This paper investigates empirically the interest rate channel of the transmission mechanism of the monetary policy in Peru. Using monthly data for the six largest banks for the period June 2003 – June 2010 we study the two main policy instruments used under the inflation-target regime: the rate of monetary policy and the required bank reserves rate. We fit a dynamic panel data model obtaining two fundamental results. First, increases in the rate of monetary policy affectpositively and significantly the interest rates on commercial loans charged by the six largest banks of the country. Second, no evidence is found that the required bank reserves rate on deposits in Peruvian currencyEste trabajo evalúa empíricamente el canal de tasas de interés en el mecanismo de transmisión de la política monetaria en el Perú, durante el periodo junio 2003-junio 2010, empleando datos mensuales de bancos individuales. Se estudian los dos principales instrumentos de política utilizados bajo el régimen de metas de inflación: la tasa de política monetaria y la tasa de encaje.Utilizando un modelo de datos de panel dinámico, nuestro trabajo tiene dos resultados básicos. En primer lugar, un alza de la tasa de interés de referencia tiene un impacto positivo y significativo sobre las tasas de interés de los préstamos comerciales fijadas por los seis bancos más grandes del país. En segundo lugar, no encontramos evidencia que sugiera que la tasa de encaje a los depósitos en moneda nacional influye sobre estas mismas tasas de interés fijadas por estos seisbancos durante el periodo analizado.
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Petříková, Eva. "Transmisní mechanismus měnové politiky Federálního rezervního systému." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4493.
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This thesis analyses the chief relations inside the transmission mechanism of the monetary policy of the U.S. Federal Reserve System during the period from 1955 to 2007. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the principles of the history of Federal Reserve and his monetary policy, the development of Fed's monetary policy and its transmission mechanism, the lags in the monetary policy and various theories which deal with try to explain the monetary policy relations. In the analytical part I focus on answering the most laid questions whether, how much and for how long do the nominal interest rates and monetary aggregates affect the real variables (mainly the real domestic product) of the United States. Next I focus on investigating the monetarist assumption of money neutrality in the long run. I also introduce Granger causality and Impulse and Responses investigations into proposed VAR model.
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Лепушинський, В. О. "Науково-методичні основи оцінки результативності грошово-кредитної політики в Україні." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/51606.
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Метою економічної політики держави є забезпечення економічного зростання, підвищення рівня зайнятості та стандартів життя. Відповідно і результативність грошово-кредитної політики як невід’ємної складової економічної політики має визначатися її сприянням у досягненні цих цілей. Дана результативність значною мірою залежить від правильного розуміння механізмів взаємодії між монетарним та реальним секторами економіки, і, відповідно, адекватного використання інструментів грошово-кредитного регулювання. Адекватний вибір і реалізація цілей грошово-кредитної політики, її операційної структури та інструментів визначається ступенем розвитку трансмісійного механізму, завдяки якому монетарний імпульс передається в реальний сектор економіки. Саме дієвістю різних каналів монетарної трансмісії в економіці в кінцевому підсумку визначається потенціал грошово-кредитної політики у регулюванні макроекономічних процесів.The aim of economic policy are economic growth, higher employment and living standards. Accordingly the effectiveness of monetary policy as an integral part of economic policy should be determined by its assistance in achieving these goals. This performance largely depends on the correct understanding of the interaction between monetary and real sectors of the economy, and therefore adequate instruments of monetary regulation. Adequate choice and implementation of the objectives of monetary policy, its operating structures and tools determined by the extent of the transmission mechanism through which monetary impulse is transmitted to the real economy. This effectiveness of various channels of monetary transmission in the economy ultimately determined by the potential of monetary policy in the regulation of macroeconomic processes.
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Бабков, М. В. "Інфляційне таргетування НБУ в умовах глобальної рецесії." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Babkov.pdf.
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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижчеВипускна робота складається з трьох розділів: Теоретичні та організаційні засади інфляційного таргетування Національного банку України; Оцінка реалізації інфляційного таргетування в Україні; Світова практика та перспективи інфляційного таргетування в Україні. В дипломній роботі розглянуто теоретичні аспекти інфляції та трансмісійного механізму грошово-кредитної політики. Охарактеризовано організаційно-правові засади інфляційного таргетування, переваги та недоліки міжнародних монетарних стандартів. В процесі роботи проаналізовано цінову стабільність в країнах, що розвиваються, макроекономічне середовище України на тлі рецесії, досліджено ефективність інструментів грошово-кредитної політики НБУ, зроблено висновки та складено пропозиції щодо удосконалення ефективності роботи політики в Україні для успішного контролю рівня цін в умовах економічного піднесення чи уповільнення. Робота містить 4 таблиці, 32 рисунку, 2 формули та 67 літературних джерел.
Theoretical and organizational principles of inflation targeting by the National Bank of Ukraine; Assessment of inflation targeting implementation in Ukraine; International experience and prospects of inflation targeting in Ukraine. Theoretical aspects of inflation and transmission mechanism of monetary policy are considered in the work. Organizational and legal principles of inflation targeting, pros and cons of international monetary standards are characterized. Price stability in emerging countries and Ukraine`s macroeconomic environment on the verge of recession, effectiveness of the instruments of NBU monetary policy are analyzed, Conclusions were made and ways to increase effectiveness of the monetary policy in Ukraine were proposed in order to successfully control the price level in conditions of either economic uprising or economic slowdown. Work contains 4 tables, 32 pictures, 2 formulas та 67 sources.
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Janeiro, Eva Isabel Crisótomo. "Transmissão monetária: resultados da aplicação de modelos VAR a Portugal e Alemanha." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2832.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraTendo em conta o enquadramento da Terceira Fase da UEM, este trabalho aborda a questão da transmissão da política monetária à economia real. São estimados modelos VAR que pretendem identificar os efeitos de choques de taxa de juro sobre o produto e preços de duas economias da UEM, Portugal e Alemanha, em dois contextos distintos, políticas monetárias independentes e política monetária única. Paralelamente, estuda-se a importância relativa dos vários canais de transmissão monetária para o efeito total registado (canais de taxa de juro, taxa de câmbio e crédito). Os resultados confirmaram, como seria esperado, a reacção negativa do produto e preços dos dois países a aumentos de taxa de juro. Na transmissão monetária do período pré-UEM foram encontradas diferenças entre os dois países, a nível da magnitude e do timingdos efeitos. Considerando os resultados no contexto de política monetária única, concluiu-se que parte dessas diferenças estaria associada às diferentes funções de reacção e não a diferenças nos mecanismos de transmissão. Adicionalmente, encontraram-se indícios de que o mecanismo de transmissão destes países não se tenha alterado, de forma significativa, a partir de 1999. Ainda no contexto da UEM, concluiu-se que Portugal ocupa uma posição vulnerável, como país pequeno e como detentor de um mecanismo de transmissão forte. Relativamente aos vários canais de transmissão, os resultados comprovaram a relevância do canal de taxa de câmbio para Portugal no período pré-UEM. O canal do crédito e o de taxa de juro foram considerados relevantes para este país em ambos os regimes de política monetária. Na Alemanha, a taxa de juro terá sido o principal canal de transmissão em funcionamento, tendo repartido parte do seu papel com o canal do crédito no contexto da UEM e, eventualmente, com o canal de taxa de câmbio no período pré-UEM.
This thesis examines the issue of monetary policy transmission against the background of Stage Three of EMU. The intention is to identify, through the estimation of VAR models, the effects of an interest rate shock on the output and prices of two EMU economies, Portugal and Germany. This is done from two different perspectives, monetary policy independence and common monetary policy. Concurrently it is studied the relative strength of different channels of monetary transmission (interest rate, exchange rate and credit). The results confirmed, as expected, that in both countries, an interest rate shock leads to a decrease in both output and prices. In the pre-EMU period, it was found some heterogeneity in monetary policy transmission of the two countries as regards the strength and timing of the effects. However, considering the outcome from the EMU perspective, it was concluded that part of this heterogeneity might be due to the different monetary policy reaction functions rather than different transmission mechanisms. Some results were also found that seem to point to the maintenance of transmission mechanisms, in these countries, after 1999. Under EMU, Portugal was seen as being in a vulnerable position, being a small country with a strong monetary transmission mechanism. As for the monetary transmission channels, the results confirmed the significance for Portugal of the exchange rate channel in the pre-EMU period. Credit and interest rate channels were found to be of relevance, for this country, in both monetary policy regimes. In Germany, the interest rate channel was the dominant factor in monetary policy transmission. However, part of it was shared with the credit channel within the EMU perspective and, possibly, with the exchange rate channel when considering the pre-EMU period.
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Jansson, Emelie, and Linda Kapple. "Vad styr företagens investeringar?En studie om hur förändringar i reporänta, makroekonomiska faktorer samt finansiella indikatorer påverkar investeringar hos svenska företag." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121716.
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Bakgrund: I november 2014 beslutade Riksbanken att ta steget mot en nollränta och i februari 2015 gick Riksbanken ut med ytterligare en sänkning till -0,10 procent. På så vis fick Sverige för första gången en negativ reporänta. Enligt makroekonomisk teori ska en sänkning av reporäntan stimulera konsumtion och investeringar i ekonomin. Huruvida reporäntan och dess räntesänkningar skapar förutsättningar för företag att investera är ett aktuellt och viktigt forskningsområde. Forskningen i ämnet är tunn på den svenska marknaden och således är forskningsbidraget från denna studie av betydelse.Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka och analysera hur förändringar i reporänta, makro-ekonomiska faktorer samt finansiella indikatorer påverkar investeringar hos svenska företag.Genomförande: Studien bygger på en kvantitativ metod. En Vector Autoregressive model har skapats för att redogöra hur reporäntan, de makroekonomiska faktorerna och de finansiella indikatorerna påverkar företagens investeringar. För att möjliggöra en analys av dessa effekter har impulse response functions skattats i modellen. På så vis undersöks det hur en isolerad enhetsökning i de valda variablerna påverkar företagens investeringar över flera tidsperioder. För att genomföra en mer omfattande analys skattas tre modeller där den första tar hänsyn till både makroekonomiska faktorer och finansiella indikatorer. Den andra modellen exkluderar de finansiella indikatorerna och den tredje modellen speglar reporäntans utveckling i två olika tidsperioder.Resultat: Företagens investeringar påverkas av flertalet faktorer. En enhetsökning av utlåningsräntan, växelkursen och företagens inflationsförväntningar uppvisar ett signifikant negativt samband. En enhetsökning av BNP-tillväxten visar däremot ett signifikant positivt samband. Reporäntan visar ingen direkt effekt på investeringar i de första två modellerna. Däremot uppvisar reporäntan skillnader i den tredje modellen, där ett negativt samband förekommer i den första av de två observerade tidsperioderna.Background: The central bank of Sweden decided in November 2014 to set the repo rate close to zero. Further they decided to lower the repo rate to -0,10 percent in February 2015. In regard to this, Sweden had a negative repo rate for the first time. According to macroeconomic theory a decrease in the repo rate is performed to stimulate an economy’s investments and consumptions. Whether or not a decrease in interest rates gives greater incentives for firms to invest is a topical subject and an important field of research. In addition to this, the existing research on the Swedish market is insufficient within this field, which gives us further motives to conduct this study.Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine and analyse how changes in the repo rate, macroeconomic factors and financial indicators affects investments of Swedish firms.Completion: The study is conducted with a quantitative approach. A Vector Autoregressive model is created in order to examine the impact of changes in the repo rate, the macroeconomic factors and the financial indicators on firms’ investments. Impulse response functions are estimated to allow a further analysis of these effects. Hence, it is conceivable to examine how one isolated unit-increase in a specific variable affects firms’ investment through several time periods. Furthermore, we estimate three models, one which includes both macroeconomic variables and financial indicators and another which excludes the financial indicators. The last model reflects the repo rate’s impact on investments in two separate time periods.Result: Investments of firms are affected by numerous of factors. One unit-increase of the lending rate, the exchange rate and firms’ expectations of inflation exhibit a negative relation to investments. Furthermore, one unit-increase in GDP-growth tends to increase investments. However, the repo rate has no impact on investments in the first two models. In spite of this, evidence from the third model indicates that the repo rate has a negative impact on investments during the first period.
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Щербина, Тетяна Володимирівна, Татьяна Владимировна Щербина, and Tetiana Volodymyrivna Shcherbyna. "Передавальний механізм грошово-кредитної політики у відкритій економіці." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/51458.
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У дисертаційній роботі визначено місце передавального механізму у структурі монетарної політики, узагальнено підходи до розуміння сутності монетарної трансмісії та структури каналів передавального механізму.
Розкрито зміст явища передачі грошових імпульсів та структуру каналів трансмісійного механізму, використовуючи підхід, який базується на розумінні їх потокової природи; визначено передумови ефективного функціонування каналів передавального механізму грошово-кредитної політики.
У роботі запропоновано методичні підходи до дослідження функціонування каналів трансмісійного механізму монетарної політики у відкритій економіці; проаналізовано ефективність дії каналів передавання монетарних імпульсів у трансмісійному механізмі грошово-кредитної політики в Україні; досліджено міжканальні взаємозв’язки у передавальному механізмі грошово-кредитної політики в рамках однієї країни та на міжнародному рівні.
Автором запропоновано практичні рекомендації щодо напрямків подальшого вдосконалення роботи каналів грошово-кредитної трансмісії з метою розбудови адекватної моделі передавального механізму монетарної політики.В диссертационной работе определено место передаточного механизма в структуре монетарной политики, обобщены подходы к пониманию сущности монетарной трансмиссии и структуры каналов передаточного механизма. Раскрыто содержание явления передачи денежных импульсов и структуру каналов трансмиссионного механизма, используя подход, основанный на понимании их потоковой природы; определены предпосылки эффективного функционирования каналов передаточного механизма денежно-кредитной политики. В работе предложены методические подходы к исследованию функционирования каналов трансмиссионного механизма монетарной политики в открытой экономике; проанализирована эффективность действия каналов передачи монетарных импульсов в трансмиссионном механизме денежно-кредитной политики в Украине; исследовано межканальную взаимосвязь в передаточном механизме денежно-кредитной политики в рамках одной страны и на международном уровне. Автором предложены практические рекомендации по направлениям дальнейшего совершенствования работы каналов денежно-кредитной трансмиссии с целью развития адекватной модели передаточного механизма монетарной политики.
The thesis defines the place of the transfer mechanism in the structure of monetary policy, generalizes approaches to understanding the monetary transmission channels and the structure of the transfer mechanism. It is clarified the contents of the phenomenon of monetary impulses transmission and channel structure of the transmission mechanism, using an approach based on an understanding of their flow nature; it is determined the prerequisites of effective functioning of transmission mechanism channels in monetary policy. The paper presents methodical approaches to the study of channels of transmission mechanism of monetary policy in an open economy; it is analyzed the effectiveness of the transmission channels of monetary impulses in the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in Ukraine; it is studied the interchannel communication in a transmission mechanism of monetary policy of separate country and internationally. The author suggests practical recommendations on areas for further improvement of the channels of monetary transmission in order to build an adequate model of transmission mechanism of monetary policy.
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Houštecký, Martin. "Aktuální problémy měnové politiky ve světě." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136349.
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This master thesis deals with current monetary policy in the world. The monetary policy belongs to the basic components of the economy and the economic policy. In today`s world economy, still recovering from the recent financial and economic crisis, many people look up to the monetary policy as a possible remedy for standstill economy. At first, this thesis presents standard monetary policy. Then, the analysis of the current monetary policy in the centres of the world economy, which means the USA, Europe and Japan, is carried out. From the analysis the main problems of current monetary policy emerge and then new tools and solutions implemented by various central banks for the purpose of solving these problems are analysed. At the end other possibilities of the monetary policy are presented in theory.