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Wettström, Rune. "Kan vi tro på kvalia? : En granskning av Amy Kinds underkännande av transparenstesen." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138309.
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Denna uppsatsen granskar Amy Kinds argument för kvaliarealism. I artikeln från 2008, ”How to Believe in Qualia”, hävdar hon att transparenstesen utgör ett hot mot kvaliarealism. En stor del av min uppsats handlar därför om att undersöka hennes avfärdande av transparenstesen. Uppsatsen ger henne ett visst, men inte fullt, stöd i detta och följaktligen också ett visst stöd för kvaliarealism. Samtidigt visar uppsatsen på andra argument gentemot transparenstesen, som också utgör ett hot mot kvaliarealism.<br>In this thesis Amy Kind’s argument for qualia realism is scrutinized. In the paper from 2008, “How to Believe in Qualia”, she claims that the transparency thesis pose a threat to qualia realism. A major part of this thesis therefore deals with investigating her refutation of the transparency thesis. The thesis gives her some, but not fully, conclusive support and consequently gives some support for qualia realism. The thesis also sets out other arguments against the transparency thesis, arguments which however pose a threat to qualia realism.
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Berg, Sascha. "Att förhandla om rum : en etnologisk analys av hantverkares tal om kundmöten." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1338.
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The aim of this study is to point out variations of practices in the relationship between professionals of service occupations and their clients. The material consists of four openly conducted thematic interviews with male professionals who work in the environment of their clients' homes.The main theoretical approach of this analysisis undertaken with ethnicity in mind.The practices identified aim to throw light on the boundaries between the differing cultures of professionals and their clients.The analytical termsboundary reduction and boundary maintenanceare used in this research. The two-stage analysis points out different practicesused, in chronological order, during contact between professionals and their clients. This is followed by a statement of the themes which connect, primarily fromthe professional perspective. The results indicate an intimate connection between intercultural and transcultural aspects through the use of cultural transparancy, which is a strategy connecting different roles, aswell as use of loophole tacticsthat afford the possibility of definingspace, place and relationship. It's illustrated how the professionals operate from "within the structures and worldview" of the client, and this analysis also reveals a glimpse of the potential for cultural changein the meeting between different cultures.
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Antunes, Carlos Manuel Gonçalves. "Transparent call." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/1327.
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Harris, Elizabeth. "Transparent landscape." PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3407.
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Marnach, Michèle. "La romanisation de la Transpadane nord-occidentale jusqu'aux Julio-Claudiens à travers l'épigraphie latine." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010503.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude du processus d'intégration et de romanisation des peuples celto-ligures du Piémont nord-occidental et du Val d'Aoste. Le but principal de ce travail consiste à dégager les différents moments, aspects et acteurs de ce processus de romanisation et d'intégration. Cette thèse se base principalement sur l'épigraphie latine et celtique, sans toutefois négliger les sources archéologiques et littéraires. La première partie décrit le cadre général de la Transpadane nord- occidentale de l'âge du bronze jusqu'a la fin de période républicaine. La deuxième partie étudie l'intégration juridico-civique des communautés indigènes subalpines de l'aire « taurino-salassa» dans le cadre des trois colonies romaines, à savoir Augusta Praetoria. Augusta Taurinorum et Eporedia. La troisième partie est consacrée au processus d'intégration dans le cadre des municipes romains de Novaria et de Vercellae et touche l'aire de culture de Golasecca. L'analyse de la dénomination constitue le point de départ de l'étude du processus d'intégration juridico-civique des communautés indigènes.
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Skaldeman, Åse. "Symmetri Tyngd Transparens." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168595.
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SYMMETRI: När någon gått bort upplever anhöriga ofta förvirring och tvivelkänslor. I detta vill jag arbeta med symmetri för att den fysiska platsen ska ingjuta tilltro hos de sörjande. När en individ upplever att tillvaron är ologisk finner hon stöd i den uppenbara logiken hos spegelsymmetri (t.ex. bevisar många studier ett samband mellanmental sjukdom och preferens för symmetri). TYNGD: Genom att anspela på monumental arkitektur vill jag tillåta de sörjande en paus från det beslutsfattande ett dödsfall innebär och ge dem möjlighet att uppleva sin litenhet och därigenom orka fortsätta sina liv. Tidigarefann människor i Sverige stöd hos kyrkan och i vedertagna ritualer kring döden och jag tror att dessa riterunderlättade genom att ta lätta individens eget ansvar. Jag vill i krematoriet underlätta genom att antyda ettallvar som ger anhöriga tillfälle att luta sig mot en outtalad tro. TRANSPARENS: Det är en liten del av dagens krematorier som tillåter insyn. Som anhörig kan detta ge en känsla av osäkerhetoch undran kring vad som sker i resten av byggnaden, särskilt i Sverige där kollektivet luckrats upp och individenblir chockad över att inte få bestämma vad som sker med den avlidnas stoft. Jag vill genom att arbetamed transparens ge anhöriga lugn i sitt förtroende för processen.I en artikel om Råcksta krematorium beskrevs bristande säkerhet och noggrannhet vid hanteringen avstoftet. Jag ser många anledningar att ge allmänheten insyn i delar av verksamheten, inte minst för att deanställda aldrig ska tvivla på allvaret i sin uppgift. Genom att göra tydlig skillnad på personalens fikarum etc.<br>SYMMETRY: When someone has passed away relatives often experience confusion and doubt. In this, I want to work with symmetry in order to let the physical environment instill confidence. When an individual experiences that life lacks logic they find support in the apparent logic of mirror symmetry. WEIGHT: By alluding to monumental architecture, I want to allow the bereaved a pause from the decision-making of a funeral and give them the opportunity to experience their smallness and thus be able to continue their lives. In earlier times people in Sweden found support in the Church and the established rituals around death and I think these rites helped by reducing the individual's own responsibility. I want the crematorium to provide ease by suggesting a gravity that allows the bereaved the opportunity to lean on an unspoken belief. TRANSPARENCY: Only a small part of today's crematoria are transparent. As a relative, this can provide a sense of uncertainty and worry about what happens in the rest of the building. By working with transparency I want to give the bereaved the peace of feeling confidence in the process.
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Weber, Fredy P. "Transparenz visueller Repräsentation." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11878591.
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Zolfaghari, Anahita. "Transparant högtalare : Konstruktion, förpackning och montering." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171934.
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Denna rapport beskriver ett examensarbete utfört på Institutionen för Maskinkonstruktion på Kungliga Tekniska högskolan (KTH) i samarbete med det svenska designföretaget People People. Projektet utfördes under sex månader och målet var att vidareutveckla en befintlig högtalare hos företaget samt att ta fram ett koncept för emballage. People People har tagit fram en högtalare i en låda av glas som tack vare sin transparens smälter in i sin omgivning och tar liten visuell plats. Den är tillräckligt stor för att kunna producera ljud av hög kvalitet. I elektroniklådan i högtalaren finns det möjlighet att koppla in en AirPortExpress som möjliggör trådlös uppspelning av musik från en enhet med WiFi. I dagsläget kan högtalaren levereras färdigmonterad men kunden kan även välja att få endast de ingående komponenterna levererade som ett do-it-yourself-kit (DIY-kit) och själv specialbeställa glaset från en lokal glasmästare. Syftet med examensarbetet är att optimera konstruktionen av högtalaren för att minska antalet lösa komponenter, minska tiden och kostnaden för montering i fabrik samt att öka användarvänligheten vid montering. Vidare ska elektroniken och dess utformning i högtalaren ses över. Elektroniken ska vara kompatibel för en bred marknad och komponenterna ska kopplas på ett sätt som är optimerat för en enkel inkoppling av AirPort Express. Vidare är syftet att ta fram koncept för emballagen, dels för den färdigmonterade produkten samt för DIY-kittet, så att de är optimerade för den pall de kommer lastas på och på så sätt miljövänliga. Genom färre monteringskomponenter minskades tiden för montering och med det kritiska momentet reducerades. De tre hörnskruvarna ersattes med en specialkonstruerad hörnbit för att underlätta och gör monteringen mer intuitiv. Elektroniklådan, som tidigare legat omsluten av glas på baksidan, monterades med lufttillförsel både fram och bak, vilket även möjliggjorde insättning av AirPort Express efter montering. Koncepten för emballagen som togs fram optimerades för transport och lastning på pall. Emballagen dimensionerades efter deras innehåll för att minska materialåtgång.<br>This report describes a master thesis conducted at the Machine Department at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in collaboration with the Swedish design company People People. The project was done during six months and the goal was to further develop an existing speaker that People People had developed and to generate concepts for the packaging. People People has developed a speaker in a box of glass that owing to its transparency blends into its environment and takes up little visual space. The speaker is large enough to produce high quality sound. In the electronics box in the speaker, it is possible to connect an AirPort Express that enables wireless music playback from a device connected to WiFi. In the current situation, the speaker is delivered fully assembled, but the customer can also choose to have only the components delivered as a do-it-yourself kit (DIY kit) and make a special order for the glass from a local glazier. The aim of the project was to optimize the design of the speaker in order to reduce the number of separate components, reduce the time and cost of installation in the factory and to facilitate the mounting. Furthermore, the electronics and the design of the speaker were to be reviewed. The electronics must be compatible for a wide market and the components must be connected in a way that is optimized for an easy connection to AirPort Express. A further aim was to develop the concept of the packages, both in the pre-assembled product, and DIY kit, so that they are optimized for the transport and in that way more environmentally friendly. With fewer components, the time of mounting and the critical moment was reduced. The three corners of the screws were replaced with a specially designed corner piece to facilitate and make the installation more intuitive. The electronics box that previously was enclosed by glass on the backside, was fitted with air supply both front and back, which enabled the insertion of AirPort Express after mounting. The concepts for the packages that were developed were optimized for transport. The packaging was design after the dimensions of the product in order to reduce material consumption.
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Bröhmer, Jürgen. "Transparenz als Verfassungsprinzip : Grundgesetz und Europäische Union." Tübingen Mohr Siebeck, 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/rekla/show.php?mode=source&eid=UNI%5F0%5F11163361kla.
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Strand, Alexandra, and Julia Heiming. "Ideell transparens i praktiken : En studie i hur transparens visas i insamlingsorganisationer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302045.
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Abstract Title: Nonprofit transparency in practic. A study concerning how transperancy is motivated in fundrasing organisations. Author: Julia Heiming & Alexandra Strand Tutor: Josef Pallas Purpose: The purpose with this thesis was to examine whether transparency exists and how it appears in nonprofit organizations, first and foremost in their fundraising. Moreover, the investigation display a more thoroughly and complex image of transparency compared to the external, which is more requested nowadays. The key questions to be answered are; How does nonprofit organizations consider themselves to be transparent?, What sort of transparency exists within the participating nonprofit organizations?, Does the collaborators have an insight in the operation managers’ decisions?, Do the operation managers have an insight in the work of their employees’, concerning their collection processes?, Does the collection organizations have an oversee concerning their branch and what is said about them?, Does external stakeholders have an opportunity to get insight in the organizations’ collecting processes? Method/Material: The results are based on a qualitative study built on nine different semi structured interviews with three nonprofit organizations. The interviews are based on a model made by Esaiasson, Gilljam, Oscarsson and Wängnerud which later on was analyzed with Heald’s four different types of transparency. Main results: The primary result of the survey proved that all the four different types of transparency more or less exist within the participating organizations. Transparency inwards is the type that the organizations proved to focus on the most. However, the organizations did also focus on the remaining three types. In account of this survey a broader picture of transparency has been disclosed, not only the public view has been displayed. As a nonprofit organization one should be aware of all four different varieties of transparency when openness towards different types engender trust towards the nonprofit organizations, which in return can generate donations. Number of pages: 65 Course: Media and Communication studies C University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University Period: Fall 2014 Keywords: Transparency, Nonprofit sector, Nonprofit organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations, Collection processes.
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Degaardt, Eric, and Dennis Demirtok. "Hos rörmokaren finns de sämsta rören : En kvalitativ fallstudie om sociala mediers betydelse för reklam- och kommunikationsbyråer vid kriskommunikation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27117.
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Problem: Companies are becoming more active in social media. They usechannels such as Facebook, to communicate and interact with theirenvironment. In connection with this, companies must also be prepared todeal with crises in social media. Previous research shows no clear guidelineson how companies can work in social media to prevent crises. Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine how companiesin the communications industry can work with Facebook to prevent crises.We hope that our study can provide new perspectives and guidance on howcompanies can work with emergency communication for prevention. Methodology: We used a qualitative research to arrive at our results. Thismeant we got an insight into the complex world that companies are workingin. We interviewed six companies working in the communications industry.The material has been analyzed and reviewed in accordance with acceptedpractices. Conclusions: By analyzing the empirical material, we found out manyinteresting results. The results show that the companies we investigated arenot working to prevent crises in social media to any great extent. They ratheruses social media for marketing and commercial purposes. Companies needto develop strategies that can prevent crises from occurring
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Sebé, Feixas Francesc. "Transparent Protection of Data." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7026.
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Aquesta tesi tracta la protecció de dades quan aquestes han de ser lliurades a usuaris en qui no es té absoluta confiança. En aquesta situació, les dades s'han de protegir de manera que segueixin essent utilitzables. Aquesta protecció ha de ser imperceptible, per tal de no destorbar la utilització correcta de les dades, i alhora efectiva, protegint contra la utilització no autoritzada d'aquestes.<br/>L'estudi es divideix tenint en compte els dos tipus de dades la protecció transparent de les quals s'estudia: continguts multimèdia i microdades estadístiques.<br/><br/>Pel que fa a dades multimèdia, es tracta la seva protecció des de dues vessants: la protecció del copyright i la protecció de la integritat i l'autentificació.<br/><br/>En comerç electrònic de continguts multimèdia, els comerciants venen dades a usuaris en qui no confien plenament i que és possible que en facin còpies il·legals. Aquest fet fa que sigui necessari protegir la propietat intel·lectual d'aquests productes. <br/>Centrant-se en imatges digitals, es presenten diverses contribucions a les dues principals tècniques de protecció del copyright electrònic: marca d'aigua i empremta digital.<br/>Concretament, pel que fa a marca d'aigua, es presenten dos nous esquemes per imatges digitals. El primer és semi-cec i robust contra atacs de compresió, filtratge i escalat. El segon és cec i robust contra atacs de compresió, filtratge, escalat i distorsió geomètrica moderada. Seguidament, es proposa una nova tècnica basada en mesclar objectes marcats que permet combinar i augmentar la robustesa de diferents esquemes de marca d'aigua actuals.<br/>En empremta digital, es presenta una construcció per obtenir codis binaris segurs contra atacs de confabulació de fins a tres usuaris deshonestos. La proposta actual obté, per un nombre moderat de possibles compradors, paraules codi més curtes que les obtingudes fins al moment.<br/><br/>Freqüentment, els continguts multimèdia es publiquen en llocs de poca confiança on poden ser alterats. En aquestes situacions, la marca d'aigua es pot utilitzar per protegir dades proporcionant-los integritat i autenticació. Es demostra l'aplicabilitat de l'algorisme de marca d'aigua basat en expansió d'espectre en el domini espacial per proporcionar, de forma transparent, autenticació i integritat sense pèrdua a imatges digitals.<br/><br/> <br/>L'altre tipus de dades tractades en aquesta tesi són les microdades estadístiques.<br/><br/>Quan fitxers amb dades estadístiques que contenen informació sobre entitats individuals són lliurats per al seu estudi, és necessari protegir la privacitat d'aquestes entitats. Aquest tipus de dades s'han de lliurar de manera que es combini la utilitat estadística amb la protecció de la privacitat de les entitats afectades. Els mètodes per pertorbar dades amb aquest objectiu s'anomenen mètodes de control del risc de revelació estadística. En aquest camp, es proposa una modificació d'una mètrica existent per mesurar la pèrdua d'informació i el risc de revelació per tal que permeti avaluar mètodes que generen fitxers emmascarats amb un nombre de registres diferent a l'original. <br/>Es proposa també un algorisme per post-processar fitxers de dades emmascarades per tal de reduir la pèrdua d'informació mantenint un risc de revelació similar. D'aquesta manera s'aconsegueix millorar els dos millors mètodes d'emmascarament actuals: 'microagregació multivariant' i 'intercanvi de rangs'.<br/><br/>Finalment, es presenta una nova aplicació per proporcionar accés multinivell a dades de precisió crítica. D'aquesta manera, les dades protegides es fan disponibles a diferents usuaris, que segons el seu nivell d'autorització, podran eliminar part de la protecció obtenint dades de millor qualitat.<br>This dissertation is about protection of data that have to be made available to possibly dishonest users. Data must be protected while keeping its usability. Such protection must be imperceptible, so as not to disrupt correct use of data, and effective against unauthorized uses. <br/>The study is divided according to the two kinds of data whose transparent protection is studied: multimedia content and statistical microdata.<br/><br/>Regarding multimedia content, protection is addressed in two ways: 1)copyright protection; 2) integrity protection and authentication.<br/><br/>In electronic commerce of multimedia content, merchants sell data to untrusted buyers that may redistribute it. In this respect, intellectual property rights of content providers must be ensured. <br/>Focusing on digital images, several contributions are presented on the two main electronic copyright protection techniques: watermarking and fingerprinting.<br/>Two new schemes for watermarking for digital images are presented. The first is semi-public and robust against compression, filtering and scaling attacks. The second one is oblivious and robust against compression, filtering, scaling and moderate geometric distortion attacks. Next, a new technique based on mixture of watermarked digital objects is proposed that allows robustness to be increased by combining robustness properties of different current watermarking schemes.<br/>In the field of fingerprinting, a new construction to obtain binary collusion-secure fingerprinting codes robust against collusions of up to three buyers is presented. This construction provides, for a moderate number of possible buyers, shorter codewords than those offered by current proposals.<br/><br/>Rather often, multimedia contents are published in untrusted sites where they may suffer malicious alterations. In this situation, watermarking can be applied to protecting data in order to provide integrity and authentication. A spatial-domain spread-spectrum watermarking algorithm is described and proven suitable for lossless image authentication.<br/><br/>The other kind of data addressed in this dissertation are statistical microdata.<br/><br/>When statistical files containing information about individual entities are released for public use, privacy is a major concern. Such data files must be released in a way that combines statistical utility and protection of the privacy of entities concerned. Methods to perturb data in this way are called statistical disclosure control methods. In this field, a modification to a current score to measure information loss and disclosure risk is proposed that allows masked data sets with a number of records not equal to the number of records of the original data set to be considered.<br/>Next, a post-masking optimization procedure which reduces information loss while keeping disclosure risk approximately unchanged is proposed. Through this procedure, the two best performing masking methods are enhanced: 'multivariate microaggregation' and 'rankswapping'.<br/><br/>Finally, a novel application to providing multilevel access to precision-critical data is presented. In this way, protected data are made available to different users, who, depending on their clearance, can remove part of the noise introduced by protection, thus obtaining better data quality.
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Althouse, Matthew R. "Transparent architecture / visible community." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212175236.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.<br>Advisors: G Thomas Bible (Committee Chair), Elizabeth Riorden (Committee Co-Chair). Title from electronic theses title page (viewed Sept. 8, 2008.). Includes abstract. Keywords: community; transparent; architecture; pendleton; cincinnati. Includes bibliographical references.
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Acevedo, Andres. "Transparens i svensk valkampanjfinansiering." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-29416.
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Despite the fact that the issue has been discussed for several decades, there are still no rules in Sweden mandating political parties and candidates to disclose received donations. Because of this lack of transparency, Sweden is not fulfilling some of its international obligations and has fallen behind in the international trend to increase the transparency of election campaign finance. The lack of disclosure rules in Sweden has led to extensive criticism, most notably from the Council of Europe´s group of states against corruption, Greco, who criticized Sweden in light of the guidelines on the subject from the Council of Europe. At this writing, a new proposal for disclosure rules is being prepared at the Department of Justice, DoJ. The proposal is to be presented in spring 2013. For the time being, the only thing that exists regarding transparency of election finance in Sweden is an agreement from 2000, struck between some of the parties in parliament, to voluntarily disclose some of their received donations. In 2004 a government report proposed implementing disclosure rules. The proposal received extensive criticism from the reviewing bodies regarding its compliance with the rights protection in the Swedish Instrument of Government, RF. RF provides absolute protection against the government forcing individuals to disclose their opinions in political matters and absolute protection against the government keeping records of individuals' political opinions. Since these rights are absolute, they can be restricted only by constitutional amendment. It is uncertain if disclosure rules can be considered infringements under these absolute provisions, but even if they are considered infringements, it is likely that the disclosure provisions can be designed so as not to violate the RF absolute protections. Furthermore, RF provides relative protection of the freedom of expression and association. Disclosure rules would probably not infringe the freedom of expression but are likely to be considered infringements of the freedom of association. Restrictions of the freedom of association can only be implemented in the order specified in RF and since the order for restricting the freedom of association is very rigid, it is unlikely that such a restriction would be allowed under the current RF. The DoJ has expressed that the pending proposal will not include a proposal for a constitutional amendment. For Sweden to fulfill its international obligations in regards of transparency in campaign finance, more extensive disclosure rules must be implemented than those included in the agreement between some parties in parliament and those included in the 2004 proposal. The DoJ has expressed, however, that the pending proposal will be modeled upon both the voluntary agreement and the 2004 proposal. It is therefore not entirely unlikely that the pending proposal will be either illegal under the constitution or not far reaching enough, or both.<br>I Sverige saknas regler som kräver av politiska partier och kandidater att redovisa mottagna donationer (redovisningskrav). Detta trots att frågan diskuterats under flera decennier. Frånvaron av redovisningskrav innebär att Sverige inte uppfyller vissa av sina internationella åtaganden och att Sverige halkat efter i den mycket tydliga internationella trenden att öka transparensen kring valkampanjernas finansiering. Frånvaron har även lett till omfattande kritik, framförallt från Europarådets grupp mot korruption, Greco, som kritiserat bristen utifrån Europarådets riktlinjer i ämnet. I skrivande stund bereds vid Justitiedepartementet ett förslag till redovisningskrav som kommer att presenteras under våren 2013. Tills vidare är det enda som finns avseende transparens i valkampanjfinansieringen en överenskommelse från 2000, mellan några av partierna i Riksdagen om att frivilligt redovisa vissa mottagna bidrag. År 2004 föreslog en offentlig utredning införandet av redovisningskrav. Förslaget mötte omfattande kritik från remissinstanserna gällande dess förenlighet med regeringsformens, RF:s, rättighetsskydd. RF innehåller ett absolut skydd mot att det allmänna tvingar en enskild att tillkännage sin politiska åskådning och ett absolut skydd mot att det allmänna registrerar en enskilds politiska åskådning. Eftersom dessa skydd är absoluta kan de endast inskränkas genom grundlags-ändring. Det är osäkert om redovisningskrav kan anses vara inskränkningar av dessa absoluta skydd. Om redovisningskrav är inskränkningar av dessa absoluta rättigheter torde det ändock vara möjligt att utforma kraven så att de är förenliga med skydden. RF innehåller även relativa skydd för yttrandefrihet och föreningsfrihet. Redovisningskrav skulle förmodligen inte vara en inskränkning av RF:s skydd för yttrandefriheten men troligtvis vara en inskränkning av RF:s skydd för föreningsfrihet. Detta innebär att inskränkningen endast får göras enligt i RF stadgad ordning. Eftersom möjligheterna att inskränka föreningsfriheten enligt RF är mycket små är det tveksamt om en sådan inskränkning är möjlig att införa utan grundlagsändring. Justitiedepartementet har dock uttryckt att det nya förslaget inte kommer att inkludera något förslag till grundlagsändring. För att Sverige ska uppfylla sina internationella åtaganden avseende öppenhet i valfinansieringen måste mer långtgående redovisningskrav införas än de som ingår i den frivilliga överenskommelsen och som föreslogs av utredningen 2004. Justitiedepartementet har dock uttryckt att just utredningen från 2004 och den frivilliga överenskommelsen ska ligga till grund för de nya redovisningskraven. Det är alltså inte helt osannolikt att det kommande förslaget till redovisningskrav kommer att vara antingen oförenlig med regeringsformen eller inte tillräckligt långtgående, eller både och
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Chang, Mary. "TRANSPARENT TEMPLATES OF PRINCIPALS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3912.
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This exploration of the personal constructs of principals was intended to reveal the transparent templates they create and attempt to fit over the realities of their world. This study sought to go beyond externally imposed descriptions of the leadership behavior of principals by exploring their personal constructs to discover the meaning that principals ascribe to their leadership behavior in anticipation and interpretation of events. Kelly's (1955) personal construct theory provided the conceptual framework for this study. The research questions were addressed through qualitative inquiry. Data were collected in a process that began with full context elicitation, laddering, and triadic analysis, and proceeded to full grid quantitative analysis. Findings from this study may increase the awareness level in the professional community of the meaning that principals ascribe to their leadership behavior. It was recommended that results from this study lead to the development of a process that can be implemented in principal leadership preparation and professional development programs to develop more self-aware, productive, and effective principals (Petri, Lindauer, & Tountasakis, 2000).<br>Ed.D.<br>Department of Educational Research, Technology and Leadership<br>Education<br>Educational Leadership
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Roadknight, C. M. "Transparent neural network modelling." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314107.
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Read, Daniel Charles. "Novel transparent conducting polymers." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357118.
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Strauss, Jacob A. (Jacob Alo) 1979. "Device-transparent personal storage." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62459.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-87).<br>Users increasingly store data collections such as digital photographs on multiple personal devices, each of which typically presents the user with a storage management interface isolated from the contents of all other devices. The result is that collections easily become disorganized and drift out of sync. This thesis presents Eyo, a novel personal storage system that provides device transparency: a user can think in terms of "file X", rather than "file X on device Y", and will see the same set of files on all personal devices. Eyo allows a user to view and manage the entire collection of objects from any of their devices, even from disconnected devices and devices with too little storage to hold all the object content. Eyo separates metadata (application-specific attributes of objects) from the content of objects, allowing even storage-limited devices to store all metadata and thus provide device transparency. Fully replicated metadata allows any set of Eyo devices to efficiently synchronize updates. Applications can specify flexible placement rules to guide Eyo's partial replication of object contents across devices. Eyo's application interface provides first-class access to object version history. If multiple disconnected devices update an object concurrently, Eyo preserves each resulting divergent version of that object. Applications can then examine the history and either coalesce the conflicting versions without user direction, or incorporate these versions naturally into their existing user interfaces. Experiments using Eyo for storage in several example applications-media players, a photo editor, podcast manager, and an email interface-show that device transparency can be had with minor application changes, and within the storage and bandwidth capabilities of typical portable devices.<br>by Jacob Alo Strauss.<br>Ph.D.
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Gudmundson, Stephan. "TRANSPARENT SATELLITE BANDWIDTH ACCELERATION." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606743.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>While the transition to IP internetworking in space-based applications has a tremendous upside, there are significant challenges of communications efficiency and compatibility to overcome. This paper describes a very high efficiency, low-risk, incremental architecture for migrating to IP internetworking based on the use of proxies. In addition to impressive gains in communications bandwidth, the architecture provides encapsulation of potentially volatile decisions such as particular vendors and network technologies. The specific benchmarking architecture is a NetAcquire Corporation COTS telemetry system that includes built-in TCP-Tranquility (also known as SCPS-TP) and Reed-Solomon Forward Error Correction capabilities as well as a specialized proxy-capable network stack. Depending on network conditions, we will show that the effective bandwidth for satellite transmissions can be increased as much as a factor of one hundred with no external changes to existing internetworking equipment.
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ALTHOUSE, MATTHEW R. "transparent architecture | visible community." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212175236.
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Rydholm, Rosanna. "Metamorphosis - Making plastic transparent." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298812.
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In this thesis project I try to make visible the complex problems behind the plastic pollution crisis, the skewed ideas of synthetic plastic and recycling we as consumers are taught, and in what way architecture can help make these systems visible. This is achived through a design method of growth and transformation using plastic waste to create a building that uncovers what would otherwise not bee seen.
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Meerten, Hans van. "Een Europese Unie : efficiënt, transparant en democratisch /." [Rotterdam] : Sanders Inst. [u.a.], 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/482202289.pdf.
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Hebestreit, Christoph. "Transparenz im AGB-Recht der Bundesrepublik Deutschland? : Allgemeine Geschäftsbedingungen im Spannungsfeld zwischen Vertrag, Delikt und Markt /." Frankfurt am Main ;Berlin ;Bern ;New York ;Paris ;Wien : Lang, 1995. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/271831499.pdf.
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Cristofaro, Nicholas M. "Transparent movement breaking the surface /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1116268674.
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Hanna, Stefan. "Transparens i en deferred pipeline : ." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-4083.
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<p>Deferred shading är en renderingsteknik som har blivit allt mer populär i och med att hårdvaraukraven för tekniken inte längre är ett hinder. Ett problem med deferred shading är fortfarande hur transparenta objekt ska hanteras. Rapporten utvärderar två olika deferred pipelines som hanterar transparent geometri på olika sätt, de två renderingsmetoderna är <em>Inferred Lighting</em> samt <em>Light Pre Pass </em>med framåtrendering för hantering av transparent geometri.</p>
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Niyongabo, Hervé. "HMX detektering i transparent plastslang." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12240.
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Orica Miningsservices är ett företag som tillverkar sprängämnen till civil förbrukning. I deras produktutbud finns ett sätt att initiera en sprängning utan att använda elektriska sprängkapslar. De använder en plastslang som är belagd med ett tunt sprängämnesskikt runt kanten på insidan, och sprängämnen kallas HMX. De finns idag ett analogt detekteringssystem som är baserat på optisk detektering. En lasergivare skickar ljuset igenom plastslangen och den detekteras med en fotocell. För ett säkert mätresultat används två lasergivare med respektive fotodetektorer, de mäter horisontellt respektive vertikalt. Deras resultatvärden summeras i en OP-förstärkare. Vid fel laddmängden ska en gränsvärdesvakt dra igång ett relä. Dessutom skickas utsignalen till en PLC för att visa värden på en operatörspanel. Projektet handlar om att förbättra detekteringssystemet med mikrokontroller. Den skulle A/D-omvandlas utsignalen från förstärkare och dra igång ett relä vid fel laddmängden. Dessutom ska mängdvärden visas hela tiden på en LCD-display. För att kommunicera med PLC, D/A-omvandlas den digitala utsignalen inne i mikrokontrollen och skickar in en analog signal. Som mikrokontroller används Xmega A1 Xplained. I projektet framställdes en prototyp som provkördes med tillfredställande resultat. Rapporten beskriver teori bakom detekteringsmaterial och detekteringssystem. Dessutom tar den upp projektarbetsgång, mätresultaten och de vidareförbättringar som kan göras.
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Trifonov, Borislav Danielov. "Tomographic reconstruction of transparent objects." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31338.
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This thesis presents an optical acquisition setup and application of tomographic
reconstruction to recover the shape of transparent objects. Although
various optical scanning methods have been used to recover the shape of
objects, they are normally intended for opaque objects, and there are difficulties
in applying them to transparent ones. An alternative is to use X-ray
computed tomography, but this requires a specialized setup, and computer
graphics laboratories are not expected to have such equipment. Additionally,
our setup avoids other problems of optical scanning, such as caused by
occlusions, and is able to recover the internal geometry of the objects.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Computer Science, Department of<br>Graduate
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Yuan, Wenhui (Frank). "Transparent service for IP roaming." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6295.
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In this thesis, the requirements of mobile networking and transparent service are discussed. A survey of existing technologies for IP roaming is provided. IETF Mobile IP is the most favorable solution available today. However Mobile IP has some limitations: (a) It does not provide transparent service to mobile hosts, i.e. it requires modifications to EP stack in mobile hosts. (b) It is targeted to the wireless mobile hosts in carrier markets, which brings much unnecessary complexity for the enterprise environment, especially for semi-mobile hosts. (c) The handoff of Mobile IP introduces service disruption to IP traffic. To address the issues, a new framework and suite of protocols are proposed. The solution is termed Roaming IP. Roaming IP is targeted for roaming service in enterprise networks which have both semi and full-mobile hosts. To achieve the goals of transparency, fast handoff and simplicity, some novel ideas are used in Roaming IP: Roaming ARP, Roaming ping, Local Service Name Resolution, Roaming directory, Roaming motion detection and two-phase handoff. In the second half of the thesis, an architecture and implementation of Roaming IP is presented. Lastly, experiment results, conclusions and areas of future study are provided.
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Lambdin, Charles Garett. "Are within-subjects designs transparent?" Diss., Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2368.
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In the field of judgment and decision making (JDM), it is sometimes argued that within-subjects designs should be avoided because they are transparent. This claim ignores that between- and within-subjects designs are frequently not interchangeable. The transparency of within-subjects replications of four between-subjects JDM experiments was empirically tested. None of the replications were found to be transparent, and further, transparency did not in any way affect the success or failure of the replications. It was also found that members of the Society for Judgment and Decision Making were not able to predict how transparent tasks would be when presented within subjects, suggesting that researchers have no special insight into what will or will not prove transparent to participants.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology
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Atcheson, Bradley. "Acquisition of transparent refractive media." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43621.
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Transparent refractive media are invisible but for the distortions they impart upon a background scene. Computerised acquisition of such media can therefore often not be performed via traditional scanning methods. By capturing refracted backgrounds rather than reflections off the target media itself, we develop techniques for reconstructing the intervening refractive index distribution for both static and time-varying media. The approach is based on tracking optical distortions and then performing tomographic reconstruction. For multi-view tomography we first require a suitably calibrated camera array. To this end we show how to temporally synchronise and geometrically calibrate an array of consumer-grade video cameras that can scale to larger sizes, and at lower cost, than a comparative array of machine vision cameras.
For media of low dynamic refractive index range, such as mixing gases, we show how to acquire data and formulate a linear least-squares problem to solve for the refractive index distribution. Unlike traditional methods of fluid flow measurement, ours is non-invasive and fully volumetric. For materials of higher dynamic refractive index range, we develop an alternative acquisition method based on temporally-encoded structured light patterns. Media causing significant distortion of light rays give rise to a large, nonlinear inverse problem. Results indicate that grid resolution relative to the minimum refractive feature size is a key factor limiting the accuracy of reconstructions.
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Eren, Gönen. "3D scanning of transparent objects." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584061.
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Many practical tasks in industry, such as automatic inspection or robot vision, often require scanning of three-dimensional shapes with non-contact techniques. However, transparent objects, such as those made of glass, still pose difficulties for classical scanning techniques. The reconstruction of surface geometry for transparent objects is complicated by the fact that light is transmitted through, refracted and in some cases reflected by the surface. Current approaches can only deal relatively well with sub-classes of objects. The algorithms are still very specific and not generally applicable. Furthermore, many techniques require considerable acquisition effort and careful calibration. This thesis proposes a new method of determining the surface shape of transparent objects. The method is based on local surface heating and thermal imaging. First, the surface of the object is heated with a laser source. A thermal image is acquired, and pixel coordinates of the heated point are calculated. Then, the 3D coordinates of the surface are computed using triangulation and the initial calibration of the system. The process is repeated by moving the transparent object to recover its surface shape. This method is called Scanning From Heating. Considering the laser beam as a point heating source and the surface of the object locally flat at the impact zone, the Scanning From Heating method is extended to obtain the surface normals of the object, in addition to the 3D world coordinates. A scanner prototype based on Scanning From Heating method has been developed during the thesis.
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Sharma, Anirudh. "Augmented tools with transparent displays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91422.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2014.<br>26<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 47-49).<br>Augmented reality (AR) is a live view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented (or supplemented) by computer-generated information such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data. Research in AR has been going on for the last several decades. However, the most widely used medium for showing AR feedback so far has been a digital screen or head mounted display (HMD). Present day augmented reality actually is an augmentation of camera feed which down-samples the real environment limiting a number of things that can be done with it. In industry transparent displays have been manufactured for the past five years. Researchers have been awed by their novelty and magical capability. However, not much has been done with them. In this research, we propose using transparent displays for augmenting several day-to-day tools. Multiple scenarios are explored such as augmentation of 2D information (Glassified), fusion of transparent displays with various optical lenses to overlay information onto 3D objects (Augmented Magnifier), and using transparent displays for augmented fabrication (Clearcut).<br>by Anirudh Sharma.<br>S.M.
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Gu, Xiaowei. "Self-organising transparent learning system." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/127765/.
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Machine learning, as a subarea of artificial intelligence, is widely believed to reshape the human world in the coming decades. This thesis is focused on both the unsupervised and supervised self-organising transparent machine learning techniques. One particularly interesting aspect is the transparent self-organising deep learning systems. Traditional data analysis approaches and most of the machine learning algorithms are built upon the basis of probability theory and statistics. The solid mathematical foundation of the probability theory and statistics guarantees the good properties of these learning algorithms when the amount of data tends to infinity and all the data comes from the same distribution. However, the prior assumptions of the random nature and same distribution imposed on the data generation model are often too strong and impractical in real applications. Moreover, traditional machine learning algorithms also require a number of free parameters to be predefined. However, without any prior knowledge of the problem, which is often the case in real situations, the performance of the algorithms can be largely influenced by the improper choice. Deep learning-based approaches are currently the state-of-the-art techniques in the fields of machine learning and computer vision. However, they are also suffering from a number of deficiencies including the computational burden of training using huge amount of data, lack of transparency and interpretation, ad hoc decisions about the internal structure, no proven convergence for the adaptive versions that rely on reinforcement learning, limited parallelisation and offline training, etc. These shortcomings largely all hinder the wider applications of the deep learning in real situations. The novel approaches presented in this thesis are developed within the Empirical Data Analytics framework, which is an alternative, but more advanced computational methodology to the traditional approaches based on the ensemble properties and mutual distribution of the empirical discrete observations. The novel self-organising transparent machine learning algorithms presented in this work for clustering, regression, classification and anomaly detection are autonomous, self-organising, data-driven and free from user- and problem- specific parameters. They do not impose any data generation models on the data a priori, but are driven by the empirically observed data and are able to produce the objective results without prior knowledge of the problems. In addition, they are highly efficient and suitable for large-scale static/streaming data processing. The newly proposed self-organising transparent deep learning systems are able to achieve human-level performance comparable to or even better than the deep convolutional neural networks on image classification problems with the merits of being fully transparent, self-evolving, highly efficient, parallelisable and human-interpretable. More importantly, the proposed deep learning systems have the ability of starting classification from the very first image of each class in the same way as humans do. Numerical examples based on numerous challenging benchmark problems and comparisons conducted with the state-of-the-art approaches presented in this thesis demonstrated the validity and effectiveness of the proposed new machine learning algorithms and deep learning systems and show their potential for real applications.
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CRISTOFARO, NICHOLAS MORGAN. "TRANSPARENT MOVEMENT: BREAKING THE SURFACE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116268674.
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Capela, Nelson Filipe. "Intelligent and transparent resource management." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22720.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia Eletrotécnica<br>Wireless access networks have become available almost everywhere. In the same
area we can have access to several networks of the same or di erent technologies
that can present di erent characteristics. Alongside the evolution of access
networks, we have the evolution of terminals. These are currently equipped with
a multitude of wireless interfaces, easier to carry and more accessible to users.
In
uenced by these features, users began to change the way they use their devices
to obtain information. The introduction of these new terminals in environments
with several networks brings up a high number of new opportunities. The way
that available resources are addressed by the users' terminals needs to evolve to
a new level.
Users' requirements are increasingly stringent and di cult to ful l; however, even
with several available networks at terminals' range, they only take advantage of
one of them. In this sense, this Thesis proposes a new reliable,
exible, context-,
resource-, and mobility-aware architecture that can provide e cient communication
in heterogeneous and dynamic environments, using all the available networks
resources. The Thesis starts with an analytical analysis in terms of the multihoming
and network coding impact on typical wireless networks. It is proposed
a new approach that combines these concepts to improve the allocation of network
resources and the communication process in heterogeneous technologies.
The outcome of this study shows the advantages of using multihoming and network
coding in terms of the system performance. Next, we evolve this analytical
analysis and propose a dynamic architecture capable of integrating multihoming,
mobility and context-information. This is then implemented and evaluated in real
scenarios with both Wi-Fi and cellular networks. After the implementation of a
functional prototype based on information extracted from the environment, we
propose a machine learning process able to predict information based on previous
actions. The learning mechanism extracts the required information, creates its
owns databases in a dynamic way and identi es when the existing information is
enough to perform a good prediction. The outcome of this study demonstrates
the signi cant reduction of the overhead, enabling a more scalable process.
Finally, we go further in the resources management and integrate and evolve our
approach to a real vehicular environment, assuming both the single-hop and multihop
con gurations. It is developed the capability to split the tra c through the
di erent networks, based on the type of tra c, the networks and vehicles characteristics.
Furthermore, it is proposed both a downlink and an uplink multihoming
approach and integrated the use of network coding. Through this study, we can
observe the positive impact of our resource management approach in the network
performance and in the vehicles mobility.<br>As redes sem os têm-se vindo a tornar acessíveis para os utilizadores nos vários locais onde eles se encontram. Na mesma área geográfica e possível ter acesso a diversas redes, da mesma ou de diferentes tecnologias, as quais podem apresentar características distintas. Paralelamente a evolução das redes de acesso, temos a evolução dos terminais. Estes estão actualmente equipados com múltiplas interfaces de rede, mais fáceis de transportar e mais acessíveis aos utilizadores, o que leva a alteração do modo como estes obtêm informação através dos seus dispositivos.
A introdução destes novos terminais em ambientes com múltiplas redes de
acesso representa um conjunto elevado de novas oportunidades.
O modo como os terminais utilizam os recursos disponíveis necessita de evoluir para um novo patamar. As necessidades dos utilizadores são cada vez mais exigentes e difíceis de garantir; no entanto, mesmo com a presença de diversas redes de acesso ao alcance dos terminais, estes apenas tiram partido de uma delas.
Neste sentido, esta Tese propõe uma arquitectura de mobilidade e multihoming
flexível, baseada em contexto, capaz de fornecer uma comunicação e ciente em
ambientes dinâmicos e heterogéneos.
Esta Tese inicia com uma analise analítica referente ao impacto na rede devido a utilização dos conceitos de multihoming e network coding, onde e proposta uma abordagem que combina estes dois conceitos de forma a optimizar a alocação dos recursos e o processo de comunicação. Através deste estudo e possível verificar as vantagens da utilização do multihoming e network coding em termos de desempenho do sistema, e validar os algoritmos propostos para obter uma configuração de ambos os mecanismos de forma optimizada. Seguidamente, como evolução a analise analítica, propomos uma arquitectura dinâmica capaz de integrar multihoming, mobilidade e informação de contexto. Esta foi implementada e analisada em cenários reais assumindo tanto redes Wi-Fi como celulares.
Após a implementação de um protótipo funcional baseado na informação extra da do meio-ambiente, o processo como esta mesma informação e extra da sofre uma optimização. Com a adopção do conceito de aprendizagem de máquina, e introduzida a capacidade de efectuar previsões com base em acções passadas. E então proposto um mecanismo de aprendizagem que obtém a informação da rede necessária, cria as suas próprias bases de dados de forma dinâmica, e tem a capacidade de identificar se a informação que tem disponível permite efectuar uma boa previsão do estado da rede. Através deste estudo, e possível verificar uma redução significativa do overhead introduzido na rede para a extracção das suas características, atingindo um processo mais escalável. Porém, de forma a evoluir a nossa abordagem de gestão de recursos, esta foi integrada num cenário real de redes veiculares, assumindo tanto ligações de um salto ou de múltiplos saltos. E desenvolvida a capacidade de dividir o tráfego pelas várias redes tendo em conta o tipo de tráfego em analise, bem como as características da rede e mobilidade do veiculo. Para alem disto, e também proposta uma abordagem de multihoming para tráfego de downlink e uplink, e e integrado um mecanismo de network coding para optimização do desempenho da rede nas varias interfaces. Com este estudo podemos observar o impacto positivo na rede do nosso mecanismo de gestão de recursos com mobilidade, multihoming e network coding.
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Yekan, Taha Shahvirdi Dizaj. "Transparent Solar Panel Antenna Array." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5035.
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This dissertation research presents a comprehensive study to answer the question of “Can it be possible to integrate a high gain optically transparent antenna array directly on top of solar cells?”. The answer to such question is extremely important in space exploration where very small satellites have been extensively employed. Due to their small mass and size, those small satellites create challenges for one to mount the antennas, and the challenge is further increased when a high gain antenna is need for more communication capacity. Based on feasibility studies, the dissertation concludes that it is possible to do such an integration, and then proceeds to present the approaches for design and integration. On the element level, the thesis presents research in assessing the effects between a planar antenna integrated on the solar cell and the photovoltaic cell. A series of experiments were designed to perform assessments for antennas operating from C to X bands. It is concluded that a commercial triple junction space–certified solar cell normally would decrease the gain of the antenna to 2–3 dB and is not affected by the working states of solar cells. The shadow of the antenna casts on solar cells, however, is not significant (less than 2%). The thesis also provides a model of a common space solar cell that helps to explain the gain loss. The model was validated by experimental data, and it was utilized to predict iv a possible custom design of solar cell where with a minimal design modification, it would facilitate less gain loss of the antenna integrated on top. On the array level, the research surveys different high gain antenna array design and then focus on an optimal sub–wavelength reflectarray design. The final antenna array design is a 30 cm by 20 cm, X band (8.475 GHz) reflectarray that shows 94% transparency, 24 dB gain, and higher than 40% aperture efficiency. The design is then prototyped and tested on actual solar panel. The measurement of the reflectarray placed on the solar panel showed a gain of 22.46 dB and an aperture efficiency of 29.3%. While those results are considered excellent, the thesis continues to address the reasons for reduction of the antenna’s performance due to the solar panel, through both theoretical analysis and experiments.
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Richards, Henry Frank. "Transparent technology in the classroom." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2478.
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Churavy, Valentin(Valentin Roland). "Transparent distributed programming in Julia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122755.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 39-44).<br>Scientific and engineering problems grow ever larger and more challenging, solving them requires taking advantage of domain expertise and modern compute capabilities. This encourages efficient usage of GPUs and using large scale cluster environments efficiently. Domain experts should not need to acquire the deep knowledge required to develop applications that scale, but rather should be able to express data science and engineering problems in terms of vectorized operations and linear algebra, that is in language inherent to the field. The approach introduced here, gives performance engineers access to low-level capabilities of the hardware, allowing them to collaborate with domain experts in the same language. This removes the need to rewrite scientific code in a low-level language, speeding up the iteration cycle and allowing for rapid prototyping. We investigate composable, layered abstractions for scientific computing. They separate the user intent, the what, from the how of the implementation and the where of the execution. The focus is on the distributed aspects, how array abstractions for distributed and accelerated computing can compose with each other and how we can provide access to low-level capabilities in a transparent fashion. Building and debugging these abstractions is challenging. This work introduces Cthulhu, a unique debugging tool for abstractions, that takes into consideration the dynamic execution model and the static compilation process of Julia.<br>"This research is supported in part by NSF DMS-1312831, NSF OAC-1835443, Darpa XDATA, and an ARAMCO MITEI grant"<br>by Valentin Churavy.<br>S.M.<br>S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Sturaro, Marco. "Synthesis and characterization of transparent conductive oxides for gas sensing, solar control and transparent electrode applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426751.
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My thesis is focused on the synthesis of thin films of transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) by colloidal approach for gas sensing applications, solar control and transparent electrode.
The work is mainly divided in three different parts.
In the first place on the development of nanoparticles of doped conductive oxides and transparent by colloidal synthesis. In particular nanoparticles were synthesized using heat up synthesis that do not require high temperature injection: doped ZnO with trivalent metals such as aluminum and gallium, or doped with tetravalent elements such as Silicon and Germanium, and Niobium doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Free electrons introduced into the crystal by dopants lead to the development of peculiar optoelectronic properties, in particular the formation of a LSPR in the near infrared. In the first part such nanoparticles are also characterized by different techniques and are faced in particular the variations in their morphology and the optical properties as a result of different concentrations of doping.
The second part examination was focused on the deposition of TCOs colloidal suspensions and the characterization of TCOs thin film. One of the primary objectives was to obtain functional thin films (such as transparent electrodes or coatings for solar control) using mild heat treatments and through different approaches, using UV lamps or organic acids attacks in order to eliminate most of the organic residues. In this way, by combining heat-up synthesis easily scalable, depositions via spray coating or spin coating (which does not therefore require the use of vacuum or expensive equipment) and heat treatments that do not require excessive temperatures, it is possible to pave the way to an industrialization of the process.
The last part focuses on the use of such films for sensor applications, in particular for the detection of H2 and NO2. LSPR is sensitive to changes of the dielectric constant in the neighborhood of the particles, and to variation of charge density, allowing to monitor the gases that interact with the oxide resulting in a shift in the wavelength of the LSPR peak. Optical gas sensing and electrical gas sensing measurements were performed to evaluate different behavior of different dopant concentrations. Measurements in the presence of blue LEDs were also carried out, investigating the role of this radiation in the desorption kinetics of adsorbed molecules. Finally Platinum nanoparticles influence on the detection of hydrogen was also evaluated in order to improve the sensitivity of the sensor exploiting Pt catalytic activity.<br>Il mio lavoro di tesi si è focalizzato sulla sintesi di film sottili di ossidi trasparenti e conduttivi (TCOs) per via colloidale per applicazioni di gas sensing, solar control ed elettrodo trasparente.
Il lavoro è suddiviso principalmente in tre diverse parti.
La prima parte si concentra sullo sviluppo di nanoparticelle di ossidi dopati conduttivi e trasparenti per via colloidale. In particolare sono stati sintetizzate, utilizzando sintesi heat-up che non richiedono iniezione ad alta temperatura, nanoparticelle di ZnO dopato con metalli trivalenti come Alluminio e Gallio, oppure dopato con elementi tetravalenti come Silicio e Germanio, e nanoparticelle di TiO2 dopata con Niobio. Gli elettroni liberi introdotti nel cristallo in seguito al drogaggio portano allo sviluppo di peculiari proprietà optoelettroniche, in particolare alla formazione di una LSPR nel vicino infrarosso. Tali nanoparticelle sono state caratterizzate mediante diverse tecniche che permettono di investigare in particolare le variazioni della loro morfologia e delle proprietà ottiche a seguito di diverse concentrazioni di dopante.
Nella seconda parte vengono invece approfonditi gli aspetti legati alla deposizione delle sospensioni colloidali ottenute e alla caratterizzazione dei film sottili prodotti. Uno degli obiettivi primari è ottenere film sottili funzionali (ad esempio come elettrodi trasparenti o per rivestimenti solar control) utilizzando blandi trattamenti termici e attraverso diversi approcci, tra cui irraggiamento UV o attacchi con acidi organici in modo da eliminare gran parte dei residui organici. In questo modo, combinando sintesi heat up “non injection” facilmente scalabili, deposizioni tramite spray coating o spin coating (che non richiedano quindi l’uso di vuoto o apparecchiature costose) e trattamenti termici che non richiedano temperature eccessive, è possibile aprire la strada ad una industrializzazione del processo.
L’ultima parte si focalizza sull’utilizzo di tali film per applicazioni sensoristiche, in particolare per la rilevazione di H2 e NO2. La LSPR è sensibile ai cambiamenti della costante dielettrica nell’intorno delle particelle ed alla variazione di densità di carica: ciò permette di monitorare i gas che interagiscono con l’ossido analizzando lo spostamento in lunghezza d’onda del picco plasmonico. Sono stati effettuate misurazioni di gas sensing ottico ed elettrico per valutare le diverse performance dei TCOs a diversa concentrazione di dopante. Misurazioni in presenza di LED blu sono state inoltre eseguite, investigando il ruolo di tale radiazione nella cinetica di desorbimento delle molecole adsorbite. Infine è stata anche valutata l’influenza di nanoparticelle di Platino sulla rilevazione di idrogeno al fine di migliorare la sensibilità del sensore sfruttando l’attività catalitica di tali nanoparticelle.
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Ebbmar, Micael. "Transparent virus checking by packet decoding." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-559.
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Hamilton-Wright, Andrew. "Transparent Decision Support Using Statistical Evidence." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/778.
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An automatically trained, statistically based, fuzzy inference system that functions as a classifier is produced. The hybrid system is designed specifically to be used as a decision support system. This hybrid system has several features which are of direct and immediate utility in the field of decision support, including a mechanism for the discovery of domain knowledge in the form of explanatory rules through the examination of training data; the evaluation of such rules using a simple probabilistic weighting mechanism; the incorporation of input uncertainty using the vagueness abstraction of fuzzy systems; and the provision of a strong confidence measure to predict the probability of system failure. <br /><br /> Analysis of the hybrid fuzzy system and its constituent parts allows commentary on the weighting scheme and performance of the "Pattern Discovery" system on which it is based. <br /><br /> Comparisons against other well known classifiers provide a benchmark of the performance of the hybrid system as well as insight into the relative strengths and weaknesses of the compared systems when functioning within continuous and mixed data domains. <br /><br /> Classifier reliability and confidence in each labelling are examined, using a selection of both synthetic data sets as well as some standard real-world examples. <br /><br /> An implementation of the work-flow of the system when used in a decision support context is presented, and the means by which the user interacts with the system is evaluated. <br /><br /> The final system performs, when measured as a classifier, comparably well or better than other classifiers. This provides a robust basis for making suggestions in the context of decision support. <br /><br /> The adaptation of the underlying statistical reasoning made by casting it into a fuzzy inference context provides a level of transparency which is difficult to match in decision support. The resulting linguistic support and decision exploration abilities make the system useful in a variety of decision support contexts. <br /><br /> Included in the analysis are case studies of heart and thyroid disease data, both drawn from the University of California, Irvine Machine Learning repository.
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Liang, Zhengang. "Transparent Web caching with load balancing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59383.pdf.
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Gillispie, Meagen Anne. "Metal oxide-based transparent conducting oxides." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.
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Klein, John S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Additive manufacturing of optically transparent glass." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101831.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2015.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 90-92).<br>The thesis presents an Additive Manufacturing Enabling Technology for Optically Transparent Glass. The platform builds on existing manufacturing traditions and introduces new dimensions of novelty across scales by producing unique structures with numerous potential applications in product-, and architectural-design. The platform is comprised of scalable modular elements able to operate at the high temperatures required to process glass from a molten state to an annealed product. The process demonstrated enables the construction of 3D parts as described by Computer Aided Design (CAD) models. Processing parameters such as temperature, flow rate, layer height and feed rate, can be adjusted to tailor the printing process to the desired component; its shape and its properties. The research explores, defines and hard-codes geometric constraints and coiling patterns as well as the integration of various colors into the current controllable process, contributing to a new design and manufacturing space. Performed characterization of the printed material to determine its morphological, mechanical and optical properties, is presented and discussed. Printed parts demonstrated strong adhesion between layers and satisfying optical clarity. The molten glass 3D printer as well as the fabricated objects exhibited, demonstrate the production of parts which are highly repeatable, enable light transmission, and resemble the visual and mechanical performance of glass constructs that are conventionally obtained. Utilizing the optical nature of glass, complex caustic patterns were created by projecting light through the printed objects. The 3D printed glass objects and process described here, aim to contribute new capabilities to the ever-evolving history of a very challenging but limitless material - glass.<br>by John Klein.<br>S.M.
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Selzer, Franz. "Transparent Electrodes for Organic Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-199652.
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The aim of this work was to investigate silver nanowire as well as carbon nanotube networks as transparent conducting electrodes for small molecule organic solar cells.
In the framework of the nanowire investigations, a low-temperature method at less than 80 °C is developed to obtain highly conductive networks directly after the deposition and without post-processing. In detail, specific non-conductive organic materials act as a matrix where the nanowires are embedded in such that a mutual attraction based on capillary forces and hydrophobic interaction is created. This process is mediated by the ethanol contained in the nanowire dispersion and works only for sublayer materials which exhibit hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups at the same time. In contrast to high-temperature processed reference electrodes (210 °C for 90 min) without matrix, a slightly lower sheet resistance of 10.8 Ohm/sq at a transparency of 80.4 % (including substrate) is obtained by using polyvinylpyrrolidone as the sublayer material. In comparison to annealed silver nanowire networks, the novel approach yields a performance enhancement in corresponding organic solar cells which can compete with ITO-based devices.
Furthermore, a novel approach for scalable, highly conductive, and transparent silver nanowire top-electrodes for organic optoelectronic devices is introduced. By utilizing a perfluorinated methacrylate as stabilizer, silver nanowires with high aspect ratio can be transferred into inert solvents which do not dissolve most organic compounds making this modified dispersion compatible with small molecule and polymer-based organic optoelectronic devices. The inert silver nanowire dispersion yields highly performing top-electrodes with a sheet resistance of 10.0 Ohm/sq at 80.0 % transparency (including substrate) directly after low-temperature deposition at 30 °C and without further post-processing. In comparison to similarly prepared reference devices comprising a thin-metal film as transparent top-electrode, reasonable power conversion efficiencies are demonstrated by spray-coating this dispersion directly on simple, air-exposed small molecule-based organic solar cells.
Moreover, a deeper understanding of the percolation behavior of silver nanowire networks has been achieved. Herein, direct measurements of the basic network parameters, including the wire-to-wire junction resistance and the resistance of a single nanowire of pristine and annealed networks have been carried out for the first time. By putting the values into a simulation routine, a good accordance between measurement and simulation is achieved. Thus, an examination of the electrical limit of the nanowire system used in this work can be realized by extrapolating the junction resistance down to zero. The annealed silver nanowires are fairly close to the limit with a theoretical enhancement range of only 20 % (common absolute sheet resistance of approximately 10 Ohm/sq) such that a significant performance improvement is only expected by an enlargement of the nanowire length or by the implementation of new network geometries.
In addition, carbon nanotube networks are investigated as alternative network-type, transparent bottom-electrode for organic small molecule solar cells. For that purpose, cleaning and structuring as well as planarization procedures are developed and optimized which maintain the optoelectronic performance of the carbon nanotube electrodes. Furthermore, a hybrid electrode consisting of silver nanowires covered with carbon nanotubes is fabricated yielding organic solar cells with only 0.47 % power conversion efficiency. In contrast, optimized electrodes comprising only carbon nanotubes show significantly higher efficiency. In comparison to identically prepared ITO devices, comparable or lower power conversion efficiencies of 3.96 % (in p-i-n stack), 4.83 % (in cascade cell) as well as 4.81 % (in p-n-i-p architecture) are demonstrated. For an inverted n-i-p stack design, the highest power conversion efficiency of 5.42 % is achieved.
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Olsson, Axel, and Jennifer Forsberg. "Designprinciper för ökad transparens till informationsflöden." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Människa och Informationsteknologi (MI-lab), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31854.
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Never before has so much information been shared regarding people and their behaviour on social media. The development of digital services has provided users with the tools to communicate through text, sound, pictures and video. Less obvious in communication within social media are the social signals that humans use in everyday life. Signals that can help people understand and interpret situations and also help determine how to behave with others. To manage all this information that is shared across social media, companies uses hidden processes that regulate and distribute the content. Though, the users has a lacking understanding about why certain information is shown just for them, which can lead users to misinterpret their personal feed of information. This study has analysed these problems in the context of information feeds that is used in social media. The study explores how information feeds can be designed to increase transparency to other users, information and hidden processes. A qualitative research approach has been used where the collected data acts as the source provided for the five design principles that is defined in this study. These design principles has been incorporated in a prototype that later has been evaluated. The results show that they are providing increased transparency and acts within the three defined dimensions: transparency to identity, transparency to information and transparency to interaction. The design principles address these defined aspects and can thereby also provide an enhanced transparency to information feeds.<br>Aldrig tidigare har det spridits så mycket information om människor och hur de agerar på sociala medier. Digitala tjänsters utveckling har bidragit till att användare har möjlighet att kommunicera genom text, ljud-, bild- och videomaterial. Något som inte är lika tydligt i kommunikation på sociala medier är de sociala signaler, t.ex. ett leende, som människor använder varje dag. Signaler som kan hjälpa människor att uppfatta och tolka situationer och därmed också avgöra hur de på bästa sätt kan agera med och mot andra. För att hantera all information som sprids i sociala medier, används dolda processer som reglerar och fördelar innehållet. Användarna har en bristande kunskap om hur och varför specifik information visas just för dem, vilket riskerar att ge dem en felaktig uppfattning om sina informationsflöden. Den här studien har behandlat dessa problem utifrån kontexten informationsflöden på sociala medier. Studien undersöker hur informationsflöden kan designas för ökad transparens till andra användare, information och till dolda processer. En kvalitativ forskningsansats har genomförts där insamlad data legat till grund för de fem designprinciper som formulerats. Designprinciperna har byggts in i en prototyp som därefter utvärderats. Resultatet visar att de bidrar till ökad transparens och verkar inom de tre definierade dimensionerna: identitetstransparens, informationstransparens och interaktionstransparens. Designprinciperna adresserar de aspekter som identifierats och kan därmed också bidra till öka transparens i informationsflöden.
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Hjorth, Amanda, and Rundström Julia Pantzar. "Transparens i skatteredovisning : Vad anser koncernskattechefer?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13070.
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Bakgrund: OECD har tillsammans med G20-länderna beslutat att koncerner skall skatterapportera i enlighet med ett nytt underlag utifrån en ny lagstiftning, som heter Country-By-Country-rapportering (CbCr). Detta innebär att företagen skall börja rapportera bland annat betald skatt och sina anställda per jurisdiktion där företaget verkar och på så vis kommer en ökad transparens inom skatteredovisning att ske. Ur myndigheters synpunkt är detta en ändring mot det positiva, men frågan blir vad företagen och dess koncernskattechefer anser om denna ändring i skatteraportering. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att identifiera och beskriva koncernskattechefers attityder till en ny lagstiftning som ändrar dagens skatterapportering genom CbCr som leder till en ökad transparens i skatteredovisningen, samt att se vad som påverkar identifierad attityd. Denna studie kommer att bidra genom att ge ett empiriskt underlag som öppnar för framtida forskning kring attityder hos koncernskattechefer vid den ökade transparensen i skatteredovisning. Studien ger också ett kunskapsunderlag för statliga myndigheter, i synnerhet skattemyndigheter, och för berörda koncerner samt svenskt näringsliv. Metod: Genom en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer av koncernskattechefer hos 8 stora koncerner samt skatteverket har empiriskt material samlats in som leder till en vidare analys och slutsats. Slutsats: De mest framträdande resultaten i denna uppsats har varit att en del koncernskattechefer ser samband mellan skatt och socialt ansvar och är därmed positiva till implementeringen eftersom det kommer att stärka det sociala kontraktet. Andra koncernskattechefer ser risker med CbCr och ökade kostnader och därmed minskade incitamentsersättningar och har en negativ attityd till en ökad transparens i skatteredovisningen.<br>Background: A decision made by OECD, together with G20-countries says that Corporate Groups shall report report tax according to new guideline, called Country-By-Country-reporting. This means that corporate groups for example will report tax paid per jurisdiction and therefore will the tax transparency be increased. According to authorities, the new implementation is positive but the question is whether the corporate groups and their corporate group tax managers will be positive or not. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and explain attitudes of tax managers when a new legislation changes today´s tax reporting in the form of a CbC-report which will increase transparency in the tax reporting, and what elements are behind these identified attitudes.This study will contribute by giving an empirical material thats opens to further research about corporate group tax managers attitudes with increased tax transparency. The study also gives better knowledge for public authorities, particularly the tax authority and to concerned corporate groups. Method: Through a qualitative method with interviews with corporate group tax managers with 8 large corporate groups and tax authorities, empirical material has been gathered, which leads to further analysis and a conclusion. Conclusion: The most prominent results in this essay has been the fact that some corporate group tax managers sees the connection between tax and social responsibility and therefor are positive to the implementation because it will strengthen the social contract.Other corporate group tax managers sees the hazards with CbCr and appurtenant costs and therefor decreased incentive compensation. These corporate group tax managers have a negative attitudes towards an increased tax transparency.
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Yang, Weijia. "Femtosecond laser writing in transparent materials." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/65510/.
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Optical waveguides (type-I), with perfect mode matching to the standard single-mode fibre and with an overall insertion loss of ~1 dB, have been demonstrated in high index bismuth borate glass by femtosecond laser direct writing. Broadening of the transmitted light source by as much as 500 nm was demonstrated through a waveguide with a length of 1.8 cm. Finally, passive waveguide components such as Y-splitters and directional couplers have also been fabricated using this writing technique. Self-assembled, sub-wavelength periodic structures (type-II) are induced in fused silica by a tightly focused, linearly polarized, femtosecond laser beam. Two different types of periodic structures, the main one with period (ΛE) in the direction of the laser beam polarization and the second with period (Λk) in the direction of the light propagation, are identified from the cross-sectional images of the modified regions using scanning electron microscopy. The period ΛE is proportional to the wavelength of the writing laser and the period Λk in the head of the modified region remains approximately the wavelength of light in fused silica. A new phenomenon in ultrafast laser processing of transparent optical materials, in particular silica glass, manifested as a change in material modification by reversing the writing direction, is observed. The effect resembles writing with a quill pen and is interpreted in terms of new physical effect - anisotropic trapping of electron plasma by a tilted front of the ultrashort laser pulse. Different types of modifications are induced in fused silica by controlling the pulse front tilt. Birefringent modification is demonstrated in the chalcogenide glass by femtosecond laser direct writing. The optical axis of the birefringent region is not determined by the laser polarization direction. It is observed that the information on the direction of writing can be recorded and be rewritable in the chalcogenide glass. Finally, a unique non-reciprocal photosensitivity is identified for the lithium niobate crystal for ultrafast laser direct writing. Therefore, in a non-centrosymmetric medium, modification of the material can be different when light propagates in opposite directions.
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Beck, Filho Antonio Carlos Schneider. "Transparent reconfigurable architecture for heterogeneous applications." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15325.
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Atualmente, pode-se observar que a Lei de Moore vem estagnando. A freqüência de operação já não cresce da mesma forma, e a potência consumida aumenta drasticamente em processadores de propósito geral. Ao mesmo tempo, sistemas embarcados vêm se tornando cada vez mais heterogêneos, caracterizados por uma grande quantidade de modelos computacionais diferentes, sendo executados em um mesmo dispositivo. Desta maneira, como novas tecnologias que irão substituir totalmente ou parcialmente o silício estão surgindo, novas soluções arquiteturais são necessárias. Apesar de sistemas reconfiguráveis já terem demonstrado serem candidatos em potencial para os problemas supracitados, ganhos significativos de desempenho são alcançados apenas em programas que manipulam dados massivamente, não representando a realidade dos sistemas atuais. Ademais, o seu uso em alta escala ainda está limitado à utilização de ferramentas ou compiladores que, claramente, não mantêm a compatibilidade de software e a reutilização do código binário já existente. Baseando-se nestes fatos, a presente tese propõe uma nova técnica para, utilizando um sistema reconfigurável, otimizar tanto programas orientados a dados como aqueles orientados a controle, sem a necessidade de modificação do código fonte ou binário. Para isto, um algoritmo de Tradução Binária, que trabalha em paralelo ao processador, foi desenvolvido. O mecanismo proposto é responsável pela transformação de seqüências de instruções, em tempo de execução, para serem executadas em uma unidade funcional reconfigurável de granularidade grossa, suportando execução especulativa. Desta maneira, é possível aproveitar as vantagens do uso da lógica combinacional para aumentar o desempenho e reduzir o gasto de energia, mantendo a compatibilidade binária em um processo totalmente transparente. Três diferentes estudos de caso foram feitos: os processadores Java e MIPS R3000 – representando o campo de sistemas embarcados – e o conjunto de ferramentas Simplescalar, que simula um processador superescalar baseado no MIPS R10000 – representando o mercado de processadores de propósito geral.<br>As Moore’s law is losing steam, one already sees the phenomenon of clock frequency reduction caused by the excessive power dissipation in general purpose processors. At the same time, embedded systems are getting more heterogeneous, characterized by a high diversity of computational models coexisting in a single device. Therefore, as innovative technologies that will completely or partially replace silicon are arising, new architectural alternatives are necessary. Although reconfigurable computing has already shown to be a potential solution for such problems, significant speedups are achieved just in very specific dataflow oriented software, not representing the reality of nowadays systems. Moreover, its wide spread use is still withheld by the need of special tools and compilers, which clearly preclude software portability and reuse of legacy code. Based on all these facts, this thesis presents a new technique using reconfigurable systems to optimize both control and dataflow oriented software without the need of any modification in the source or binary codes. For that, a Binary Translation algorithm has been developed, which works in parallel to the processor. The proposed mechanism is responsible for transforming sequences of instructions at runtime to be executed on a dynamic coarse-grain reconfigurable array, supporting speculative execution. This way, it is possible to take advantage of using pure combinational logic to speed up the execution, maintaining full binary compatibility in a totally transparent process. Three different case studies were evaluated: a Java Processor and a MIPS R3000 – representing the embedded systems field – and the Simplescalar Toolset, a widely used toolset that simulates a superscalar architecture based on the MIPS R10000 processor – representing the general-purpose market.
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Kinner, Lukas. "Flexible transparent electrodes for optoelectronic devices." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22419.
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Transparente Elektroden (TE) sind unverzichtbar in modernen optoelektronischen Bauelementen. Die derzeitig am häufigsten verwendete TE ist Indium Zinn Oxid (ITO). Aufgrund der Nachteile von ITO setzt sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit ITO-Alternativen auseinander. Zwei Ansätze werden in dieser Arbeit untersucht. Der erste Ansatz beruht auf Dielektrikum/Metall/Dielektrikum (DMD) Filmen, im zweites Ansatz werden Silber Nanodrähten (NW) als TE untersucht. Im ersten Ansatz wurden DMD Elektroden auf Glas und Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) fabriziert. Eine Kombination von gesputterten TiOx/Ag/AZO Schichten lieferte die höchste jemals gemessene Transmission und Leitfähigkeit für eine Elektrode auf Glas und PET. Eine durchschnittliche Transmission größer als 85 % (inklusive Substrat) im Bereich von 400-700 nm und einen Schichtwiderstand von unter 6 Ω/sq wurden erreicht. Um die Leistung der TiOx/Ag/AZO Elektrode in einem Bauteil zu überprüfen, wurde sie in einer organischen Licht emittierenden Diode (OLED) implementiert. Die DMD-basierten OLEDs erreichten eine 30 % höhere Strom Effizienz auf Glas und eine 260 % höhere Strom Effizienz auf PET im Unterschied zu den ITO-basierten Bauteilen. Im zweiten Ansatz zur Realisierung flexibler transparenter Elektroden wurden NWs diskutiert. Die Implementierung von Nanodrähten in lösungsprozessierten organischen Licht emittierenden Dioden weißt noch immer zwei große Hürden auf: hohe Rauigkeit der Nanodrahtfilme und Wärmeempfindlichkeit von PET. Um die Rauigkeit zu verkleinern und gleichzeitig die Stabilität zu erhöhen werden zunächst die Nanodrähte in ein UV-härtendes Polymer eingebettet. Es wird eine Transmission von bis zu 80 % (inklusive Substrat) und ein Schichtwiderstand von 13 Ω/sq erreicht. Gleich wie bei den DMD Elektroden wurden auch NW Elektroden in eine OLED implementiert. Die Bauteile zeigten eine größere Flexibilität, Leitfähigkeit und Luminanz als die PET/ITO Referenzen während die selbe Leistungseffizienz erreicht wurde.<br>Transparent electrodes (TEs) are a key element in optoelectronics. TEs assure simultaneous light interaction with the active device layers and efficient charge carrier injection or extraction. The most widely used TE in today’s industry is indium tin oxide (ITO).
However, there are downsides to the use of ITO. The scope of this thesis is to discuss alternatives to ITO. Two main approaches are examined in this thesis - one approach is based on using dielectric/metal/dielectric (DMD) films and the other is based on using silver nanowire (NW) films.
For the first approach, a combination of sputtered TiOx/Ag/AZO was found to yield the highest transmittance and conductivity ever reported for an electrode on PET with an average transmittance larger than 85 % (including the substrate) in the range 400-700 nm and sheet resistance below 6 Ω/sq.
To test the device performance of TiOx/Ag/AZO, DMD electrodes were implemented in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). DMD-based devices achieve up to 260 % higher efficacy on PET, as compared to the ITO-based reference devices.
As a second approach, NWs were investigated. The implementation of silver nanowires as TEs in solution processed organic light emitting diodes still faces two major challenges: high roughness of nanowire films and heat sensitivity of PET. Therefore, within this thesis, an embedding process with different variations is elaborated to obtain highly conductive and transparent electrodes of NWs on flexible PET substrates.
The NWs are embedded into a UV-curable polymer, to reduce the electrode roughness and to enhance its stability. A a transmittance of 80 % (including the substrate) and sheet resistance of 13 Ω/sq is achieved.