Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transparence'
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Zábršová, Horáková Veronika. "Transparence." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232262.
Full textPruvost, Édouard. "La transparence fiscale, modèle d'imposition du bénéfice des sociétés." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0008.
Full textThis thesis proposes to revisit the issue of tax transparency as tax corporate income model based on the criteria of this regime. In this respect, this research aims to highlight the award criteria, and the criteria for identifying this regime. Historically, fiscal transparency is analyzed as being the tax treatment given to partnerships. However, it appears that changes in tax law have challenged the traditional award criteria of this regime which is now granted to certain companies other than partnerships. Moreover, it appears that some of the tax transparency identification criteria are reflected in the corporation tax system. Thus, this research aims to demonstrate that fiscal transparency is the tax model of corporate earnings, and aims to provide a prospective tax system based on fiscal transparency
Martel, Jean-Paul. "La transparence occupée dans les sculptures de verre /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textCette communication a été réalisée à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en arts plastiques de l'Université du Québec à Montréal, extensionné à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Lambert, Damien. "To govern or to be governed ? : The proxy advisor, a corporate governance actor in the making." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESEC0003.
Full textThe dissertation investigates the emergence and the structuration of the proxy advisory industry at a transnational level, from the construction of the field of governance (Chapter 1) to the (self)-governance of the proxy 43 advisor (Chapter 2) and ultimately to the (corporate) governance in action (Chapter 3). The general conclusion wraps-up the main contributions of the dissertation, discusses the potential limitations of this research and suggests avenues for future research
Benhassni, Karim. "La transparence des sociétés côtées." Thesis, Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU2016.
Full textAccording to theorists of the transparency who of any disciplinary horizons cry out the virtues, the financial information permits the balance by remedying the asymmetry of knowledge between the company and his management on one hand, and the addressees of the financial information on the other hand. The transparency raises the veil, fights the opaqueness, permit the decision and thus, the game of the market. The economists speak then about “informative efficiency” because the fluid and fast circulation of the flows of information in origin or in the direction of all the actors of stock markets (company, management, operators, shareholders, authorities of regulation, press …) would permit to supply all the time the best possible valuation of listed companies considering the publicly available relevant information. For these reasons, many reforms were operated these last years in order to increase the obligations of information towards listed companies. However, we have to admit, in view of the last financial crisis that markets can not work effectively and estimate correctly the fundamental value of a financial asset while the information relative to the underlying asset is widely broadcasted. From there, we have to ask the question of the relevance of the listed companies’ transparency
Encrevé, Lucile. "Brice Marden, opacité et transparence." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040159.
Full textThe work of the American abstract artist Brice Marden, born in 1938, is made up of two parts outwardly distinct: paintings with monochromatic panels and pictures with a network of lines, which earlier works on paper announced. It is actually very coherent, subjected to opacity and to transparency alike. If the latter is a temptation, the opacity is always triumphant. Two actions of the artist are essential in connection with that: recovering and erasing. His works, whose titles refer to reality or to the whole art history but whose real subjects are death, melancholy, memory and presence, question the possibilities of abstract painting and declare its vitality
Rebufat-Raison, Laurence. "Les fonctions de la transparence." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10039.
Full textPéjout, Isabelle. "La transparence en procédure pénale." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT3007.
Full textThe transparency - like janus the roman - presents a double face : one oriented towards the party; the other facing the general public and the third-party concerned. With respect to the party in the case, the transparency is widely enforced. On the one hand, the crown prosecution service disposes, in the interest of repression, a permanent access to record as soon as enquiry phase. On the other hand, the private party can gain knowledge of the record in the interest of the rights of defense, providing they have a barrister. The notion of transparency is, on the contrary, alot more complex with regard to the third persons in the case : according to the law, their information is quasi non-existent during the enquiry and examining, but more significant in the course of judgment; in fact, sometimes, they benefit from a certain luminosity as early as the preliminary phase of the case, because the secret which should normally be kept is frequently broken
Cho, So-Hee. "Transparence de la vie quotidienne." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010531.
Full textGaraud, Éric. "La transparence en matiere commerciale." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0448.
Full textThe first part of this study aims at providing the demonstration that a new principle has emerged in the matter of commercial low : transparency. The followed method consists of synthesizing the demonstrations of this concept in several fields (competition, banking, trade markets, companies) to analyse its functions (moralize and give security to business) and bring out its juridical nature. In the second part, proposals are put forward first in order to establish balance with secrecy. If transparency has got to the rank of leanding principale, it's important that condientiality may keep a role, the one of corrective principle ; moreover to resolve the possible difficulties linked to the coexistence of these two antinomical notions, a regulating principle, proportionnality, must come into play. At last the thesis must be composed of suggestions which tend to outline a system of fair transparency, involving the improvement of eguality as regards information, an increased protection of truth, and more quickness concerning the communication of facts
Vernois, Lionel. "Transparence accoustique des doubles parois." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAL0008.
Full textThis memory aims to study the influence of mechanical connections between the components of a double wall. A voluntarily purified mode! is developed using a wave approach on infinite beams. Its goal is to insulate and understand the phenomena related to the presence of connections. Two types of phenomena are identified, and an analytical expression of their appearance frequency is obtained In the second time, a method of under structuring the analysis of the system is presented. Ft is a question of feeding the acoustic model of double wall (model “macro”), with the results of the study of a realistic connection (study “micro”), carried out using a finite elements code. This method, applied to wall lining with polystyrene, gives informations about the local behavior of the connection and about the wide behavior of the system. Ft makes it possible to set up a mode! of composed leaf system, specific to wall lining with polystyrene, and of simple invoice. The influence of the connections is identified In this case, it is not significant. The results obtained are extended to wall linings made up of porous. Techniques of improvement of the acoustic performance of wall lining are proposed
Labaye, Pierre. "Eduard Mörike : symbolisme et transparence /." Berne : P. Lang, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36635089n.
Full textLabaye, Pierre. "Eduard Mörike : symbolisme et transparence." Rennes 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REN20005.
Full textRejecting recent stands which, on formal grounds, tend to establish the disparate as a principle of Morike's creation while considering certain elements of his work as examples of pure poetry, the present study focuses on his imagery to demonstrate the remarkable coherence of the poet's life, aesthetics and religious views. Morike takes ancient mythological figures as a subtle filigree which he carefully and deliberately manipulates to attain his various ends. This creative play first assumes a cognitive function, revealing the invisible organizing powers of matter in which the poet, like the ancients, perceives the eternal, all-powerful forces of natural destiny. His vision of time as a predator thus inspires his wish to preserve the moment by seizing his fleeting impressions. That is the basis of the impressionistic side of his sensibility. In parallel with this, his clear awareness of ephemeral life leads him to seek refuge in writing from the many faces he gives to destructive time. Over the years, and more sharply after 1835, his hedonistic tendence to overcome his anxiety at the vagaries of destiny by a quest for a satisfying approach to the ancient gods is confirmed in the luminous images that recapture the grace that Morike admired in Homer and Theocritus. Thus his very personal aesthetic ideal is born and develops, unique in this period of poetic renewal. There can be no question of any continuity between Morike's poetry and romantic poetry. His conceptions of demonic nature and predatory time mark a break with welcoming nature which is a creation of the Christian god for the romantic poets. Hence Morike also sets himself apart from the preceding period by his religious concepts. His constant bringing to the forefront of the ancient pagan myths constitutes a veiled criticism of Christianity, making him a party to the great controversy of his century opposing the rationalists in the camp of D. F. Strauss to the defenders of Christian dogma. Morike's religious position remains original, however. While he stigmatizes Christian dogma, the poet differs radically from the rationalists in his Greek concept of divinity and of life, according to which spirit and nature are one
Mechri, Sahar. "Transparence des firmes et transparence macroéconomique : estimation de leurs effets sur les contraintes de financement et sur l'investissement d'un panel d'entreprises." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010006/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses the specific channels through which transparency promotes the growth of companies apprehended by investment efforts and reduces financing constrains. This work has two objectives. The first objective is to build two transparency measures, microeconomic and macroeconomic, through a multiple discriminant analysis performed on a sample of 64 countries between 1997 and 2009. This analysis put the emphasis on the factors that influences the most either the microeconomic or the macroeconomic transparency levels. Second, the Integration of the transparency measures in an Euler equation allowed to assess the effects of microeconomic and macroeconomic transparency on the financing constrains and the real investment level. This second study was based on data collected on 5652 companies between 2005 and 2009. The output is a prioritization of both kinds of transparency effects. We found that these effects are more important for emerging countries. This study also concludes that microeconomic and macroeconomic transparencies reduce financing constrains further for the firms with lower indebtedness. Transparencies stimulate investment further for the firms with higher indebtedness. This study finally highlights the non-linearity of microeconomic transparency effects on investment and also the non-linearity of macroeconomic transparency effect on financing constrains and on investment
Klein, Asmara. "La "transparence", une norme et ses nouvelles pratiques transnationales : l’exemple de l’Initiative pour la Transparence dans l’Industrie Extractive." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0053.
Full textThe British Prime Minister launched the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in 2002 in response to the transnational Publish What You Pay campaign (PWYP). The NGOs, which are member of the PWYP coalition, had been fighting the resource curse by advocating for more transparency in the extractive industries. They argued that empowering citizens of resource rich countries by informing them about the wealth generated by extraction would help insure that those extractive revenues were properly accounted for. The EITI took over this idea and gathered representatives from civil society organisations, extractive companies and governments to design a global standard which resource rich countries can voluntarily decide to comply with. the EITI standard is based on a reconciliation of payments declared by companies on the one hand and revenues declared by the state on the other. The reports that come out of this reconciliation process are then disseminated and can lead to a general public discussion about the way extractive rents are managed. What lead actors from different backgrounds, with often conflicting interests, to agree on a transparency norm and what can this consensus tell us about the notion of transparency and its present (and profuse) use in international development programmes ? This thesis investigates the reasons for the emergence of the transparency norm and its fast diffusion on the international scene in the last 10 to 15 years. It also looks at some of the concrete practices that resulted from this normative evolution, which contributes to a thinking about the renewal of political authority in the international system
Lallemant-Bif, Lydie. "Les marches publics : transparence et atteintes." Reims, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REIMD006.
Full textDoes the multiplication of the laws in the 1990's made transparency in the +public market;? the influency or the common market law on the national law is real: this one is the result or the conciliation between civil law and common law and it is" now useful to proceed to comparative studies. National and common market procedures about advertising and information, with concurrent result are complicated and often transgressed, and fraud at this moment, can't be avoided. Controls are in fact unefiective even powers in charge of chek them were multiplicated. Certain exemples show that a accusatory movement of the unlawful practice seems beginning and that inertia on the controls can lead to a renunciation of the + right state ;. We can now establish a typology of the fraud method thanks to the activity report study of the +mission interministerielle d'enquete sur les marches; (miem) but also of the new jurisprudence (precedents in common law)) about favoritism tort on + public market;. We can deduce from this analysis that a criminal law on + public market >; wasn't the most appropriate in this field wich need a quick intervention with sanction. It would be more convenient to set the + miem ; as an independant administrative authority because the use of administrative sanction had made proof on economical field. In reality, transparency is a failure because it hurts habits wich willn't be modified without time
Lekkou, Efthymia. "La transparence et la commande publique." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30101.
Full textTransparency, through its multiple applications by the european judge, has become a general principle of european law. Its legal basis resound its purview, imperative and suppletive, its personnal et material scope, as well as its progressive extension and its restriction to the vertical relationships developed between contracting authorities and economic operators. Transparency is attached directly to potential bidders fundamental freedoms whose its provides legal protection. It is attached indirectly to the principle of free competition by the elimination of private barriers to the free movement of economic activities. Thus, in the service of an immediate finality, transparency guarantees access to public procurements and, in the service of a mediate finality, it protects the market structures of public procurement. The general principle of transparency gives then rise to contracts of public order (contrats relevant de la commande publique) which take over public contracts. Instrument of integration and structural element of the internal market, this new generation of contracts materialize access to public order (commande publique), that constitutes a sector of economic activity as part of the internal market
Lequesne, Loïc. "Transparence et matérialité de l'image photographique /." Paris : L. Lequesne, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399196215.
Full textDupont, Thomas. "Transparence et absorption acoustiques des structures microperforées." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468475.
Full textBeslin, Olivier. "Rayonnement et transparence acoustique des plaques trouées." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0025.
Full textThe acoustical radiation of holed plates is modelized by using a variational approach for the mechanical structure and an integral formulation of the pressure field (double layered potential). The uniqueness; of modal expansions due to hales presence is removed with a new concept of "ectoplasm". The program is validated regarding to a finite elements program in a first part and by comparing with experimental results; in a second part. This work generalize the integro-modal methods to complicated shape structures, and lead a way to the resolution of many industrial and building trade acoustical problems (double perforated plate), or musical application (simulation of a guitar)
DEJARDIN, FALK MARIE-CHRISTINE. "Des archives hospitalieres informatisees : transparence et confidentialite." Lille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL2M120.
Full textGrange, Pascal. "Systèmes distribués : transparence, masquage et outils associées." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13074.
Full textLongtin, Catherine-Marie. "Structure morphologique de surface et transparence sémantique." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0047.
Full textIn this thesis, we have investigated the role of morphological surface structure and semantic transparency on the processing of derived words. Nine priming experiments are reported, using real derived and pseudo-derived words and morphologically complex pseudo-words. Results obtained in visual masked priming suggest that words’ morphological surface structure is exploited at the beginning of word recognition: Semantically transparent (fillette/fille ‘little girl/girl’) and opaque words (vignette/vigne ‘label/vine’), and pseudo-derived words (baguette/bague ‘French bread, stick/ring’) are decomposed into morphemic units. Results in cross-modal priming show that decomposition is maintained only for transparent words, and four additional experiments in masked priming demonstrate that pseudo-words built out of a root and a suffix (rapidifier) are also decomposed. Several interpretations of the results are discussed
Dupont, Thomas Pavić Goran. "Transparence et absorption acoustiques des structures microperforées." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2004. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/2002/dupont/index.html.
Full textGoguel-Mazet, Émilien. "Recherche sur la transparence en droit des finances publiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0559.
Full textTransparency is a growing concern in today's society. This development of the theme can be seen in all areas of the law. In the field of public finances, many authors have referred to transparency as a democratic requirement that would respond to the concern to ensure respect for the consent to taxation, a cornerstone of the development of budgetary law and of the growth of parliamentarianism. Although the centrality of transparency in public finances is widely acknowledged, few works have dealt with the relationship between this notion and the subject. This monograph therefore proposes to study the principled nature of transparency for public finances. It thus endeavours, in accordance with a conceptual method, to analyse the primary character of transparency in public finances. This means, on the one hand, assessing the constitutive character of transparency, i.e. its capacity to establish and structure public finances. It also means analysing its instituted character for public finances, finding the foundations of its emergence and development in the purposes pursued by this subject: the exercise of budgetary power. The transparency of public finances will thus be approached as an object of knowledge at the heart of the devolution and distribution of budgetary power, which bestows on this subject its dynamism and its evolutionary character to this subject
Bordes, Candice. "La transparence comme nouvel ordre moral en droit constitutionnel." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0038.
Full textThe claim for transparency is recurrent in speeches of different natures. Particularly in constitutional law, transparency is often presented as a virtue which guarantees the moralization of the state. The will for moralization through transparency is visible both in the building of the constitutional norm and in the practice of power. Regarding all the legal rules which structure the exercise of political power and regulate the competition for its access, this political power will be considered as a way to act for the government. Transparency seems to become the quality of a "good government" and a "good leader". It's supposed to achieve the values contained in the rule of law and the democraty. The Philosophy of Enlightenment carried this idea, so the utilitarian moral of Jeremy Bentham. But all virtue has its vices. Transparency is not always achievable, moreover, it's not always desirable
Pokam, Meguia Raïssa. "Conception d'une interface avec réalité augmentée pour la conduite automobile autonome." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0029/document.
Full textThis doctoral thesis was conducted under the canopy of the Localization and Augmented Reality (LAR) project. The research project was focused on railway yard and autonomous vehicles. The thesis provides answers to three main questions about the Human-Machine interface design in autonomous vehicles: Which information should be conveyed to the human agent? In which form? And when? Answers will enable an appropriate trust calibration of the human agent in the autonomous vehicle and improve driver’s experience by making automation “transparent”. We focus especially on the lane changing task entirely realized by the autonomous vehicle. The aim and the objectives were achieved by a five-steps methodology. Some general principles of transparency have been redefined on the LYONS (2013) model. These principles have been then operationalized by means of Cognitive Work Analysis. Graphical representation of useful information or potentially useful information was defined during creative sessions, by using Augmented Reality that lies at the heart of the LAR project. This information was categorized according to the functions from which it results: information acquisition, information analysis, decision making and action execution. Five interfaces were designed. Each of these interfaces presents information from some of these functions. Therefore, these interfaces corresponded to different transparency configurations more or less high. The validity of transparency principles was tested through an experiment on driving simulator with a sample of 45 participants. In this experiment, some indicators of cognitive activities and User Experience were measured. Data analysis has led to some differences between 5 interfaces. Indeed, the interface with related information to “information acquisition” and “action execution” functions improves the cognitive activities of the human agent. Considering the User Experience, it is the interface with the information related from the 4 functions which provides the best User Experience
Allard-Huver, François. "La question de la "transparence" dans l'évaluation du risque : l'"Affaire Séralini"." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040084.
Full textIn line with previous research in Communication Studies, this work explores the question of “transparency” in risk evaluation, especially in regard with scientific controversies and media polemics about pesticides and GMOs. Questioning a principle never defined, yet central, this study tries to answer the following question: What are the limits in the implementation of a “transparency” principle? I particularly look at the “Seralini Affair” that follows the publication of a controversial study about pesticides and GMOs’ health effects. In the first part of my research, I analyze the transition from transparency to digital transparency in the mirror of the evolution of the public sphere from modern to postmodern society. The second part of my work is exclusively dedicated to the “Seralini Affair.” While questioning the role of controversies and polemics in the “society of risk”, I wonder how the “transparent society” deploys in a postmodern society facing increasing risks. Finally, the last part of this research analyzes the paradoxical injunctions of transparency I observed in the “Seralini Affair.” Beyond these injunctions to implement more transparency, is there still room for trust and truth-speaking in our risk societies?
Cazau, Pierre-Antoine. "La transparence des personnes morales en droit administratif." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0436.
Full textPiercing the veil of corporate entities in French administrative law appears as an argument which aims at letting the reality of the situation of a corporate entity prevail over its form. This argument of transparency modifies the relation of alterity between two corporate entities in which one is completely controlled by the other: while they are distinct from each other, the judge assimilates the organization devoid of autonomy to a service belonging to the public entity. However, transparency is not provided with a stable and coherent legal regime. The operation of qualification is incidental to its implementation, so that judiciary relations between corporate entities vary. The corporate entity is only regarded as “transparent” in the course of a litigation concerning the resolving of a precise judiciary problem; it can be considered as distinct again from the public entity at a new trial. With this process, the administrative judge defeats the bypassing of the rules of administrative law without creating any new rule or jurisprudential exception. Together with administrative mandates, the argument of transparency allows to complete the arsenal of protection of the administrative judge’s authority and to enforce administrative rules, whose effects and reach can be measured and adapted to situations. It also allows petitioners to consider a legal strategy that may overcome the obstacle posed by the corporate entity of the organization which is completely controlled by the administration
Marion, Alexis. "La transparence des sociétés en droit fiscal international." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010270.
Full textSergakis, Konstantinos. "La transparence des sociétés cotées en droit européen." Paris 1, 2010. http://passerelle.univ-rennes1.fr/login?url=https://www.numeriquepremium.com/content/books/9782919211166.
Full textLeroy, Alice. "Le Corps utopique au cinéma. Transparence, Réversibilité, Hybridité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0021.
Full textThe utopian body in film, under discussion in this thesis, does not refer to an object of thought borrowed from Michel Foucault and applied to some dematerialised or extraordinary bodies on the screen, but to a heuristic tool for considering the historical and aesthetic modalities through which the cinematic body put a critical focus on both the fictional powers of cinema techniques and the presumed objectivity of scientific imagery. Such bodily utopia is manifest in Étienne-Jules Marey’s chronophotographic prints, which foil the invisibility of movement through their superimposed strata, and in magic lanterns and fantascopes, which invest the living with spectral presence. It is also apparent in the cinematic horizons opened by the theory of relativity and implemented by the cinema – the manner, for example, of filming the athlete’s body in order to capture the intimate temporalities of effort and ecstasy. Finally it is present in the zoomorphism of contemporary cinema, occupying and frustrating the anthropocentrism of images. Each of these utopias – transparency, reversibility, hybridity – simultaneously deploy the virtuality of bodies and of images, redistributing the logics of their analogy: in the spectral images of the sciences and the phantasmagoria, the body is at once visible and invisible; in the experimental variation of the speed of image and montage, the body escapes temporal flux; in the attempt to circumvent the anthropocentric gaze of the cinema, the body absolves its own frontiers in order to metamorphose into a hybrid entity. This reflection is therefore situated at the interface of an anthropology of images of the body, an aesthetics of the cinema and an archaeology of its techniques
Puydebois, Grégori. "La transparence de la vie publique en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0237/document.
Full textTransparency in public life refers to a set of restrictive rules designed for restoring trust between citizens and public leaders. Moreover, transparency is naturally associated to the democratic ideal. Analysis in positive law shows transparency in public life significantly broadens probity rules for politicians and public leaders as it develops a complementary approach to pre-existing repressive rules. For thirty years, statutes have evolved to a better efficiency. Nevertheless, they are still not enough, especially regarding controls over political funding. In addition, the transparency democratic potential has been neglected. Transparency in politics does not refund the balance between powers and only gives a marginal role for citizens. Both Parliament and Constitutional judge do not recognise it as a constitutional value. Furthermore, their contributions to guarantee political rights in a parliamentary democracy are moderate. Finally, the separation of powers and some fundamental rights limit substantially the reach of controls over public leaders
Berthier, Demonfort Sophie. "Le principe d'ouverture en droit de l'Union Européenne : Contribution à l'étude de l'influence des citoyens dans la prise de décision européenne." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0043/document.
Full textThe principle of openness, mentioned in the first article of the Treaty on the European Union acts as a foundation of a global research into the interaction between taking decisions and the citizens of Europe. This approach is motivated by a willingness to improve the legitimacy of European policy. However, it should be distinguished from the democratic principal of law within the Union, in that it does not attempt to reinforce the status of European citizens within the European political regime, but attempts only to offer them possibilities of influencing the core of such decisions. The possibilities of influence are constantly looked at in depth, through reorganizing such principles as transparency and participation, and by the installation of mechanisms of dialogue through consultation, the right to petitions, the right to use a mediator or even create citizens initiatives. The study tries to measure the degree of influence that European citizens have on decision making, and to compare them to the objectives of the principle of openness
Kharrat, Sahar. "Transparence des firmes et transparence macroéconomique : estimation de leurs effets sur les contraintes de financement et sur l'investissement d'un panel d'entreprises." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984268.
Full textMarciano, Tal. "Étude de la transparence et de la perte de transparence du tissu cornéen sain et oedémateux et de l'interaction laser-tissu." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00808744.
Full textAlmeida, Kato Mariana. "La transparence de la justice constitutionnelle : une étude de droit comparé (France, Brésil, États-Unis)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2021. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247226580.
Full textThe subject of the thesis is the analysis of transparency in constitutional jurisdiction from a comparative perspective. The development of constitutional justice is one of the essential qualities of contemporary legal systems. The institutions entrusted with the responsibility of safeguarding the Constitution have increasing importance in modern democracies, for not a very long time in France and more in other countries. In parallel, in these same democracies, the exigency of transparency of public action continues to gain importance. Many legal or constitutional devices encourage transparency in different perspectives: the fight against corruption, control, confidence, or citizen participation. But transparency also presents some challenges, for example, regarding the deliberation process or the surcharge of a jurisdiction. In this context, the project reunites, for the first time, two different subjects - transparency and constitutional jurisdiction - which have never been studied together in a profound analysis, despite its importance. The thesis will precisely examine the rules concerning the regulation or limitation of the transparency in the constitutional courts, such as the nomination process for constitutional courts judges, judicial disqualification, choice of cases to be examined in detail, motivation and decision making, publicity of dissident opinions, role of judge's collaborators, the access to the deliberation and documents, publication of the amici curiae and also public hearings and its diffusion. Moreover, while the Conseil constitutionnel is often presented as a constitutional court similar to those existing in other European states, the confrontation with the experiences of Brazil and the United States will allow to measure the degree of transparency of this institution and to extend the research
Ly, Antoine. "Algorithmes de machine learning en assurance : solvabilité, textmining, anonymisation et transparence." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2030/document.
Full textIn summer 2013, the term "Big Data" appeared and attracted a lot of interest from companies. This thesis examines the contribution of these methods to actuarial science. It addresses both theoretical and practical issues on high-potential themes such as textit{Optical Character Recognition} (OCR), text analysis, data anonymization and model interpretability. Starting with the application of machine learning methods in the calculation of economic capital, we then try to better illustrate the boundary that may exist between automatic learning and statistics. Highlighting certain advantages and different techniques, we then study the application of deep neural networks in the optical analysis of documents and text, once extracted. The use of complex methods and the implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018 led us to study its potential impacts on pricing models. By applying anonymization methods to pure premium calculation models in non-life insurance, we explored different generalization approaches based on unsupervised learning. Finally, as regulations also impose criteria in terms of model explanation, we conclude with a general study of methods that now allow a better understanding of complex methods such as neural networks
Rao, Ashwin. "Amélioration de la transparence et du contrôle par l'utilisateur dans les réseaux mobiles." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937380.
Full textBessone, Magali. "La transparence en Amérique : essai de généalogie critique du concept de transparence dans la naissance de la nation américaine, 1776-1876 : thèse." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE2012.
Full textThe term of transparency is highly polysemic, which is why it is so easily and widely used, but is also the reason why it is difficult for this idea to retain a clear conceptual status. The present work argues for a strong concept of transparency, looking for its main meanings and uses in the field of American politics, in the different theoretical systems that claimed it - or part of it - when the concept proved necessary for the idea of America (particularly liberalism, republicanism, Puritanism, common sense philosophy). The concept of transparency helps explaining why, from their birth, the United States thought of themselves as America, a mythical nation of nature
Portes, Audrey. "La transparence numérique : rôle du client et conséquences sur la relation à la marque." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD002/document.
Full textThe digital revolution is taking place in a climate of distrust. Consumers and citizens often have a negative judment of digital practices (collection and data exploitation, etc.). Officials are calling for more transparency to surpass the current trust crisis. But will this principle of transparency be enough to restore trust in the digital environment? The question of transparency arises significantly today because of the risks of customer drift and manipulation. It also arises because of the changing communication modes which are now multiform, multidirectional and instantaneous. This research explains the role of perceived transparency of digital practices in the way we apprehend the customer relationship. A qualitative exploratory study on two samples validated the multi-dimensionality of the perceived transparency construct (objectivity, clarity, openness) using the perceptions of 16 consumers and 12 managers. An online quantitative study (ad hoc panel of 445 respondents) conducted on the perceptions of Amazon customers, an e-commerce pure player, leader in the field and pioneer in the massive exploitation of data (recommendation engines , customization, etc.), has helped to 1) develop a measurement scale of perceived transparency, 2) understand how the customers’ digital transformation had a role in the perception of transparency and 3) determine the influence of perceived transparency’s dimensions on trust building and commitment. A qualitative post-survey study was finally conducted to discuss with managers the implications of this doctoral research
Chazot, Jean-Daniel. "TRANSPARENCE ACOUSTIQUE DE DOUBLES PAROIS REMPLIES DE MATÉRIAUX GRANULAIRES." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142256.
Full textChazot, Jean-Daniel. "Transparence acoustique de doubles parois remplies de matériaux granulaires." Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0117/these.pdf.
Full textA theoretical study of acoustic transparency of double panels based on a patch mobility method is presented and campa red with experiment. Boundary diffuse field is a Iso characterize with a new index th at explains inter-laboratory problems of reproductibility. Granular materials are then studied with a new madel based on a simplification of Biot's madel th at yields to a gain in ti me of computation. Inverse measurements with several models are also presented to characterize such materials. Finally improvement of acoustic transparency with mechanical links by optimising their location is studied, and theoretical solutions are compared with experiments
KERMARREC, ALAIN. "La transparence dans les systemes distribues : l'approche de gothic." Rennes 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN10101.
Full textLhuillier, Vincent. "Contrôle actif de la transparence acoustique d'une double paroi." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0118/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with active control of sound transmission double panel. When structures are relatively small and light, the panels have low modal overlap, so in this case, modal control appears to be adapted. It enables limiting the active surface, the number of the control components and concentrating control energy on high radiation efficiency modes. As a first step, vibroacoustic and modal control are introduced. Modal control requires an accurate model of the structure. Consequently, analytical and numerical model of beams, plates and double panels are presented. Next, simulations are performed to evaluate different modal control approaches. Moreover, optimal dimensions of the structure that minimize modal overlap are aimed for. Experiments were conducted on a symmetric rectangular double panel of duraluminium material (600x400x1mm^3). The double panel was clamped between two soundproofed rooms. The structure was equipped with 2 PZT patches used as actuator and 6 PVDF patches used as sensors. It is controlled via a modal controller in case of mechanical and aerial disturbance. The identification procedure developed in this thesis is used to build an experimental model of the double panel. Then, the controller is implemented. Sound power and sound transmission of the controlled double panel are evaluated with sound intensity measurements. The transmission loss of the double panel is significantly improved. Finally, identification and control techniques developed in this work are validated on a simple panel
Heyvaert, Alain. "La transparence et l'indicible dans l'oeuvre d'alfred de musset." Lille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL30019.
Full textFaced to a deceitful universe, musset reacts by setting up the oult of truth which also means the necessity of transparency. But deceit is too widespread for playing and masquerading to do anything but add to it ; and the constant mediations interfering with language make it impossible to reach a transparent language that would convey a meaning beyond words. Musset will try to compensate for the impossibility to reach an authentic lyrical language by practicing such poetical irony as evidenced in fantasio
Chazot, Jean-Daniel Guyader Jean-Louis Cavaillé Jean-Yves. "Transparence acoustique de doubles parois remplies de matériaux granulaires." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2007. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=chazot.
Full textOrtiz, Camille. "Transparence et translucidité des sociétés en droit fiscal international." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU10047.
Full textThe concept of transparency is better thought of as an image. Accordingly, transparent things have a tendency to withdraw from the realm of the visible and, as a consequence, can be deemed inexistent.In the field of tax law, this term is used to refer to a regime whereby the income generated by an entity is not taxed to it, but to its owners. As such, tax transparency presents itself as an alternative to tax opacity pursuant to which an entity is to bear itself the burden of taxation.Be that as it may, in French tax law, scholars often resort to the term of translucency instead of that of transparency in order to emphasize the fact that the existence of the legal structure is not completely overlooked.This shift of vocabulary is of the essence. It is shedding light on what could be described as a French peculiarity in comparison to foreign tax law. Under it, the taxpayer that happens to be a partner in a French partnership suffers from a series of detrimental tax consequences.Apart from the analysis of the technicalities of translucency, scholarly writings dedicated to this regime have been questioning the possibility to change it. The objective was primarily to align this latter with tax transparency regimes as they happen to be abroad with a view to strengthening France tax attractiveness in a global context profoundly shaped by tax competition between States.Albeit appealing to many authors, the problem of the tax reform faces opposition. As tax transparency regimes are known to be instrumentalized to achieve tax arbitrage, it was held that concern of maintaining a certain level of fiscal resources as well as the will not to fall into the trap of harmful tax competition compelled to reject such a project. However, this analysis is not accurate, as the possibility to set up tax schemes is not peculiar to standard tax transparency regimes, but also applies to French translucency. Such being the case, tax arbitrage issues are to be deemed an independent matter that needs to be dealt with alongside the problem of the reform.This thesis aims at demonstrating that it is possible to propose an overhaul of French partnership taxation that manages to improve its tax attractiveness without renouncing to hinder tax arbitrage practices relying on tax transparency regimes’ weaknesses.To do so, the reasoning followed implies to identify, beforehand, the problems raised by the use of tax transparency and translucency regimes on an international scale. On that basis, a reflection on the possible solutions that can be brought forward is then to be conducted.In the course of this study, we contend that taxation related to French partnerships can be overhauled in a way that both strengthens France tax attractiveness and limits its vulnerability to tax arbitrage. In that respect, the reform concerning translucency has to be completed by the introduction of special anti-avoidance rules. As of the latest changes regarding French and international tax law, it appears that a series of legal provisions meant to thwart tax schemes relying on tax transparent structures has been adopted in a wide number of States, France included. Nonetheless, the objective to put an end to the French peculiarity remains in anticipation of a real modification
Le, Corre Latuille Sandrine. "Esthétique de la vitrine." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080085.
Full textAt the intersection of design and museography, the showcase is an hybrid study, rarely raised in terms of aesthetic appeal, hence this thesis is titled Aesthetics of the showcase. The showcase is usually designed as a decor, a display and a case. Such a perspective, minimizing the active role of the showcase in the economy of the demonstration, gives rise to an aesthetism of the showcase, which the present thesis wants to get rid. Why ? Because the transparency of the showcase is a myth. Although it is physically, the showcase is something that interfering between the Watcher and the watched object. It participates actively into the relationship that is established, or rather that it establishes between one and the other. The problematic orientation of this study is to inquire this interfere role, its nature, its mechanism and the possibility of an aesthetic.How ? Through questioning of the art-works. My doctoral thesis, mainly, focuses on installations and works performance - Wall, Hirschhorn, Koh, Mayaux, Dion, Gette will be particularly studied - who both of them, appropriates a showcase either commercial kind or Museum kind, to make them an integral part of their device.What conclusions ? The interference of the showcase, through its artistic appropriation, appears at three levels. It is a space for exhibitions (1st time), a framework of perceptions (2nd time) and a viewing of representations (3rd time) interfering in the triple set of exposure, perception and representation that it implements
Le, Corre Latuille Sandrine. "Esthétique de la vitrine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080085.
Full textAt the intersection of design and museography, the showcase is an hybrid study, rarely raised in terms of aesthetic appeal, hence this thesis is titled Aesthetics of the showcase. The showcase is usually designed as a decor, a display and a case. Such a perspective, minimizing the active role of the showcase in the economy of the demonstration, gives rise to an aesthetism of the showcase, which the present thesis wants to get rid. Why ? Because the transparency of the showcase is a myth. Although it is physically, the showcase is something that interfering between the Watcher and the watched object. It participates actively into the relationship that is established, or rather that it establishes between one and the other. The problematic orientation of this study is to inquire this interfere role, its nature, its mechanism and the possibility of an aesthetic.How ? Through questioning of the art-works. My doctoral thesis, mainly, focuses on installations and works performance - Wall, Hirschhorn, Koh, Mayaux, Dion, Gette will be particularly studied - who both of them, appropriates a showcase either commercial kind or Museum kind, to make them an integral part of their device.What conclusions ? The interference of the showcase, through its artistic appropriation, appears at three levels. It is a space for exhibitions (1st time), a framework of perceptions (2nd time) and a viewing of representations (3rd time) interfering in the triple set of exposure, perception and representation that it implements