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Alaieri, Fahad. "Ethics in Social Autonomous Robots: Decision-Making, Transparency, and Trust." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37941.
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Autonomous decision-making machines – ranging from autonomous vehicles to chatbots – are already able to make decisions that have ethical consequences. If these machines are eventually deployed on a large scale, members of society will have to be able to trust the decisions that are made by these machines. For these machines to be trustworthy, their decisions must be overseen by socially accepted ethical principles; moreover, these principles and their role in machine decision-making must be transparent and explainable: it must be possible to explain why machine decisions are made and such explanations require that the mechanisms involved for making them are transparent. Furthermore, manufacturing companies have a corporate social responsibility to design such robots in ways that make them not only safe but also trustworthy. Members of society will not trust a robot that works in mysterious, ambiguous, or inexplicable ways, particularly if this robot is required to make decisions based on ethical principles.
The current literature on embedding ethics in robots is sparse. This thesis aims to partially fill this gap in order to help different stakeholders (including policy makers, the robot industry, robots designers, and the general public) to understand the many dimensions of machine- executable ethics. To this end, I provide a framework for understanding the relationships among different stakeholders who legislate, create, deploy, and use robots and their reasons for requiring transparency and explanations. This framework aims to provide an account of the relationships between the transparency of the decision-making process in ethical robots, explanations for their behaviour, and the individual and social trust that results.
This thesis also presents a model that decomposes the stages of ethical decision-making into their elementary components with a view to enabling stakeholders to allocate the responsibility for such choices. In addition, I propose a model for transparency which demonstrates the importance of and relationships between disclosure, transparency, and explanation which are needed for societies to accept and trust robots.
One of the important stakeholders of robotics is the general public and, in addition to providing an analytical framework with which to conceptualize ethical decision-making, this thesis also performs an analysis of opinions drawn from hundreds of written comments posted on public forums concerning the behaviour of socially autonomous robots. This analysis provides insights into the layperson’s responses to machines that make decisions and offers support for policy recommendations that should be considered by regulators in the future.
This thesis contributes to the area of ethics and governance of artificial intelligence.
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Rubio, Diego. "The ethics of deception : secrecy, transparency and deceit in the origins of modern political thought." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3e92fabc-9e47-41a5-a739-00a0f67d6dcf.
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The purpose of this thesis is to reflect on the importance that deception has had on the efficient functioning of societies and the development of individuals. I attempt to do so by adopting an historical perspective, analysing the development of the notion of lawful deception during the Middle Ages and, mainly, the Early Modern Age through theological and political discourses. The scope of my investigation is pan-European. I examine sources from the major Western territories, but I pay special attention to those produced in the Spanish-Habsburg Empire, which was a major political and cultural entity during this period. My claim is that between the thirteenth and seventeenth centuries, the West witnessed the formation of what I call an "Ethics of Deception:" a trend of thought that, without challenging the Augustinian prohibition of lying, recognised deception as intrinsic to nature and mankind, thereby justifying its use from moral and political perspectives. I explain how this intellectual process was conducted, fostered by new social realities, and helped by the flourishing of casuistry, tacitism and neostoicism. Furthermore, I argue that the acceptance of deception contributed to the creation of a new view of the world, language and human interaction. A view that is in the very basis of some of the most characteristic features of Baroque art and that opened the door to some of the most transcendental cultural changes of the period, such as the creation of politics governed by reason rather than faith, the secularisation of social behaviour, and the emergence of the notions of individualism, privacy and freedom of thought. For these reasons, I claim that deception played an important role in the shaping of Modernity.
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Chakor, Abdallah. "La transparence dans les marchés publics au Maroc : apports des réformes récentes de la réglementation, de la justice administrative et pistes de réflexion pour l'émergence d'une meilleure gouvernance des achats publics au Maroc." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1054.
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Tout au long de notre travail nous avons essayé, dans un premier temps, de mettre en exergue les progrès réalisés par les réformes législatives et la contribution de la justice administrative en matière de promotion de la transparence dans les marchés publics au Maroc., une comparaison à d'autres réglementations nous a, aussi, paru utile pour nous renseigner des écarts existants et en faire une occasion pour des leçons à tirer des expériences des pays jugés développés. Dans second temps, nous avons essayé de proposer des pistes de réflexion pour les grands problèmes qui demeurent entravant la promotion de la transparence en matière des marchés publics en particulier et de l'éthique dans la gestion de la vie publique en généralTransparency in public procurement management is increasingly needed due to the growth of public expenditure.The mechanisms put in place to safeguard the principles of transparency and ethics are to be constantly refined.In Morocco, according to the official discourse, the country has decided to adopt the international standards of transparency in public procurement; insofar it constitutes the framework of the public action. Hence, it has undergone several reforms.Accordingly, it is within this context that our specific choice to study this subject emanates from.It is therefore important to understand the complexity and challenges of transparency in the management of public procurement.Public procurement is probably one of the areas where regulation is strongly binding.This regulation oversees, more likely than elsewhere, all the actors' behaviours and management practices.Indeed, the dominant logic in the purchasing function is a logic of legal security that overshadows the search for efficiency and economic performance.Throughout our work, we have tried, firstly, to highlight the progress of legislative reform and the contribution of administrative justice in promoting transparency in public procurement in Morocco. A comparison to other regulations seemed useful to inform us of any gaps and was an opportunity to learn from the experiences of the so-considered developed countries.Secondly, we tried to propose exploring the major problems that hinder the promotion of transparency in public procurement in particular and ethics in management of public life in general
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Smith, Sean Robert. "An Empirical Analysis of Differences in Environmental Transparency Across Firms." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/677.
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In recent years, many firms have voluntarily taken actions to gradually increase the transparency of their corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts. Using data on a sample of U.S. firms, this paper empirically examines the factors that encourage firms to choose different levels of CSR transparency. This adds to the previous literature that has focused only on the binary decision to engage or not to engage in CSR, as opposed to the extent and comprehensiveness of voluntary CSR reporting. Environmental transparency data are collected from the Roberts Environmental Center (REC) at Claremont McKenna College, while data for firm characteristics and toxic releases are collected from Standard & Poor’s Compustat North American and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Robust regression analysis of environmental transparency shows that consumer, investor, and community stakeholders significantly increase the level of environmental transparency. In addition, environmental transparency is higher among firms that compete internationally relative to those with only a domestic presence.
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Weis, Jan. "Transparency and Objectivity in Contemporary News Journalism : A Meta-study of Ethical Ideals." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45795.
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This theoretical master’s dissertation explores the cleavage between how audiences and journalists perceive transparency and objectivity through the following research questions: “Can transparency be understood independently of objectivity, or can it be included in a model of objectivity?”, “What are the underlying interests with normative concepts like objectivity and transparency, and what drives the process of replacing objectivity with transparency?” and “Can transparency replace objectivity’s dominance as ethical ideal in journalism?”. The questions are studied through a comparative research design of the main concepts transparency and objectivity and by employing a methodology that consists of secondary data analysis of qualitative data and qualitative meta-analysis. The theoretical framework consists of pragmatic objectivity, the process model of journalists’ roles, paradigm building and boundary maintenance and is applied to the secondary empirical material (academic articles). The results show that transparency is compatible with pragmatic objectivity, and I argue that unifying the ethical ideals is a way forward in order to resolve the contestation between the ethical ideals. The results also show that transparency has not reached the status of a normative role in contemporary news journalism. Furthermore, there are indications that transparency in contemporary news journalism has not replaced objectivity’s dominance, as the journalistic community is generally unwilling to give any genuine insight into its methodology. From a boundary maintenance perspective, the results also show that objectivity is in the process of being defended by journalists, as it is a highly practiced and valued ethical ideal in journalistic communities.
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Wortham, Robert H. "Using other minds : transparency as a fundamental design consideration for artificial intelligent systems." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760960.
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The human cognitive biases that result in anthropomorphism, the moral confusion surrounding the status of robots, and wider societal concerns related to the deployment of artificial intelligence at scale all motivate the study of robot transparency --- the design of robots such that they may be fully understood by humans. Based on the hypothesis that robot transparency leads to better (in the sense of more accurate) mental models of robots, I investigate how humans perceive and understand a robot when they encounter it, both in online video and direct physical encounter. I also use Amazon Mechanical Turk as a platform to facilitate online experiments with larger population samples. To improve transparency I use a visual real-time transparency tool providing a graphical representation of the internal processing and state of a robot. I also describe and deploy a vocalisation algorithm for transparency. Finally, I modify the form of the robot with a simple bee-like cover, to investigate the effect of appearance on transparency. I find that the addition of a visual or vocalised representation of the internal processing and state of a robot significantly improves the ability of a naive observer to form an accurate model of a robot's capabilities, intentions and purpose. This is a significant result across a diverse, international population sample and provides a robust result about humans in general, rather than one geographic, ethnic or socio-economic group in particular. However, all the experiments were unable to achieve a Mental Model Accuracy (MMA) of more than 59%, indicating that despite improved transparency of the internal state and processing, naive observers' models remain inaccurate, and there is scope for further work. A vocalising, or 'talking', robot greatly increases the confidence of naive observers to report that they understand a robot's behaviour when observed on video. Perhaps we might be more easily deceived by talking robots than silent ones. A zoomorphic robot is perceived as more intelligent and more likeable than a very similar mechanomorphic robot, even when the robots exhibit almost identical behaviour. A zoomorphic form may attract closer visual attention, and whilst this results in an improved MMA, it also diverts attention away from transparency measures, reducing their efficacy to further increase MMA. The trivial embellishment of a robot to alter its form has significant effects on our understanding and attitude towards it. Based on the concerns that motivate this work, together with the results of the robot transparency experiments, I argue that we have a moral responsibility to make robots transparent, so as to reveal their true machine nature. I recommend the inclusion of transparency as a fundamental design consideration for intelligent systems, particularly for autonomous robots. This research also includes the design and development of the 'Instinct' reactive planner, developed as a controller for a mobile robot of my own design. Instinct provides facilities to generate a real-time 'transparency feed'--- a real-time trace of internal processing and state. Instinct also controls agents within a simulation environment, the 'Instinct Robot World'. Finally, I show how two instances of Instinct can be used to achieve a second order control architecture.
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Zelenková, Markéta. "Etická dilemata v podnikání, účetnictví a daních." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205709.
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The thesis deals with financial accounting and taxation; i.e. areas with increased risk of unethical behaviour. It presents and critically evaluates the measures introduced by the European Union, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the authors of Taxparency project - the nongovernmental organisation Transparency International Česká republika and Lexperanto association. The introductory chapters of the thesis offer a brief excursion into the realms of philosophy, law and psychology. Their purpose is to provide a comprehensive summary of the most important findings from these disciplines for better understanding of the meaning and fundamentals of ethics. Subsequently, three key areas of financial accounting and taxation are discussed - non-transparent ownership structures, virtual offices and transfer prices - with the objective to determine the motives of entrepreneurs to use these practices. LuxLeaks case is mentioned as a practical example of unethical behaviour of entrepreneurs, tax advisers as well as of civil servants. The conclusion outlines the Taxparency project. The aim of the thesis is not only to introduce but also critically evaluate the project. Based on the results of a questionnaire survey, the possibilities of the project implementation in the conditions of the Czech Republic are analysed. The official websites of individual institutions and organisations became the main information source for the thesis.
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Whitehead, Eleanor. "Under What Conditions, If at All, Can (Psychological) Strategic Behavioural Influences Be Justifiably Used to Shape People's Choices?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157746.
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The publication and mass appeal of Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein's book Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth and Happiness (Nudge), in 2008, illuminated behavioural economics, in the public and political domain. Nudging, a technique derived from behavioural economics, offers a fresh element to the long-time debate between paternalism and freedom, since proponents believe it can simultaneously preserve freedom of choice and serve as a means to influence behaviour. Unsurprisingly, in the decade or so since Nudge, private corporations and governments alike have shown great interest in the behavioural steering techniques derived from behavioural economics. This thesis explores the ethical implications and the various means by which governments and the private sector influence behaviour, specifically individual decision making. Since many of the methods overlap in purpose and practice, I make distinct three techniques: nudging, boosting and market advertising. These steering techniques range from transparent and educative to sub-conscious and manipulative methods; as such ethical justification for their employment varies. This thesis concludes by stating transparency as a condition for ethical behavioural influencing since non-transparent or covert methods do not uphold true freedom of choice, Furthermore, the implementation of non-transparent influences carries the potential for further violations of individual autonomy.
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Schildt, Alexandra, and Jenny Luo. "Tools and Methods for Companies to Build Transparent and Fair Machine Learning Systems." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279659.
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AI has quickly grown from being a vast concept to an emerging technology that many companies are looking to integrate into their businesses, generally considered an ongoing “revolution” transforming science and society altogether. Researchers and organizations agree that AI and the recent rapid developments in machine learning carry huge potential benefits. At the same time, there is an increasing worry that ethical challenges are not being addressed in the design and implementation of AI systems. As a result, AI has sparked a debate about what principles and values should guide its development and use. However, there is a lack of consensus about what values and principles should guide the development, as well as what practical tools should be used to translate such principles into practice. Although researchers, organizations and authorities have proposed tools and strategies for working with ethical AI within organizations, there is a lack of a holistic perspective, tying together the tools and strategies proposed in ethical, technical and organizational discourses. The thesis aims to contribute with knowledge to bridge this gap by addressing the following purpose: to explore and present the different tools and methods companies and organizations should have in order to build machine learning applications in a fair and transparent manner. The study is of qualitative nature and data collection was conducted through a literature review and interviews with subject matter experts. In our findings, we present a number of tools and methods to increase fairness and transparency. Our findings also show that companies should work with a combination of tools and methods, both outside and inside the development process, as well as in different stages of the machine learning development process. Tools used outside the development process, such as ethical guidelines, appointed roles, workshops and trainings, have positive effects on alignment, engagement and knowledge while providing valuable opportunities for improvement. Furthermore, the findings suggest that it is crucial to translate high-level values into low-level requirements that are measurable and can be evaluated against. We propose a number of pre-model, in-model and post-model techniques that companies can and should implement in each other to increase fairness and transparency in their machine learning systems.AI har snabbt vuxit från att vara ett vagt koncept till en ny teknik som många företag vill eller är i färd med att implementera. Forskare och organisationer är överens om att AI och utvecklingen inom maskininlärning har enorma potentiella fördelar. Samtidigt finns det en ökande oro för att utformningen och implementeringen av AI-system inte tar de etiska riskerna i beaktning. Detta har triggat en debatt kring vilka principer och värderingar som bör vägleda AI i dess utveckling och användning. Det saknas enighet kring vilka värderingar och principer som bör vägleda AI-utvecklingen, men också kring vilka praktiska verktyg som skall användas för att implementera dessa principer i praktiken. Trots att forskare, organisationer och myndigheter har föreslagit verktyg och strategier för att arbeta med etiskt AI inom organisationer, saknas ett helhetsperspektiv som binder samman de verktyg och strategier som föreslås i etiska, tekniska och organisatoriska diskurser. Rapporten syftar till överbrygga detta gap med följande syfte: att utforska och presentera olika verktyg och metoder som företag och organisationer bör ha för att bygga maskininlärningsapplikationer på ett rättvist och transparent sätt. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär och datainsamlingen genomfördes genom en litteraturstudie och intervjuer med ämnesexperter från forskning och näringsliv. I våra resultat presenteras ett antal verktyg och metoder för att öka rättvisa och transparens i maskininlärningssystem. Våra resultat visar också att företag bör arbeta med en kombination av verktyg och metoder, både utanför och inuti utvecklingsprocessen men också i olika stadier i utvecklingsprocessen. Verktyg utanför utvecklingsprocessen så som etiska riktlinjer, utsedda roller, workshops och utbildningar har positiva effekter på engagemang och kunskap samtidigt som de ger värdefulla möjligheter till förbättringar. Dessutom indikerar resultaten att det är kritiskt att principer på hög nivå översätts till mätbara kravspecifikationer. Vi föreslår ett antal verktyg i pre-model, in-model och post-model som företag och organisationer kan implementera för att öka rättvisa och transparens i sina maskininlärningssystem.
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Groninger, Katherine R. "Museum accountability in Britain and America : ethical standards and fiscal transparency in the twenty-first century." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2593.
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This thesis examines the current state of nonprofit museum accountability in the United Kingdom and United States, assessing methods of achieving fiscal and ethical accountability, as well as the factors that have influenced museum codes and policies to that end. The recent development of museum accountability is couched in corporate culture, government influence, and public expectations, making it an interdisciplinary concern. Yet museum professionalisation, including codes of ethics, conflict of interest management, and agreed-upon standards, has received little attention from researchers. This study engages in empirical research to assess museums’ responses to recent regulations, their execution of governance accountability, and the application of internal controls and fiscal transparency measures. These subjects appraise ethical governance and board member duties, in addition to audit practices and best practice policies. Research reveals inadequacies in the museum accountability systems in both Britain and America. As case studies serve to demonstrate, opportunities remain for financial and ethical misconduct, which can damage the public trust in museums. This thesis is the first broad empirical study to explain museum accountability in Britain or America, collating data across the entire museum sector, creating an industry-wide national framework from the quantitative and qualitative findings. No research has reported on the implementation of best practice measures according to the private, public and third sectors, stakeholders, and by the museum industry itself. Ultimately, this thesis provides unique evidence previously lacking in both the UK and US museum sectors, making it possible to posit and assess specific museums against an accurate national accountability framework.
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Mohammed, Ali Abdallah, and Suleiman Ahmad Said. "Could Stakeholder Dialogue Influence the New Governance ofUnsustainable Business? Embedded on Corporate Governance and CorporateSocial Responsibility: The Case Study of BP." Thesis, Karlstad University, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-29954.
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Being ethical and sustainable is a fate in doing business, since unsustainable business practicedamages the environment, and causes lack of resources currently and in the future whichdiscontinue economic development. The purpose of this study is to understand and analyzethe influence of stakeholder dialogue in the new governance integrated in CG & CSR forunsustainable business such as oil and gas industry particularly in BP Company, as well ashow and why the notion “new governance” including self and meta-regulation affects on BPCompany to perform ethical business. This study based on the case study methodologywhereby the theoretical framework of secondary data of CG, CSR and the new governancefound in journal articles, relevant textbooks, NGO reports and the information found on BP’swebsite were employed. Furthermore, the main findings of this study is that there is asignificant variation in BP’s CSR adoption regarding the TBL of CSR in which socialresponsibility performance found the worst performance among the TPL of CSR since thecompany selects where to demonstrate great interest on social responsibility and where toignore. Consequently, BP’s self-regulation is ineffective which signifies lack of transparencyand accountability. More importantly, meta-regulation is very effective in keeping BP ontrack in the face of wrong doing. The study conclude that BP’s non-financial reporting needto move beyond the traditional reporting on company’s policies, philanthropic actions, andCSR successes and give priority to risks and incidents considering the seriousness andimpacts. More importantly, BP needs new standards of transparency and effectivemanagement system to ensure good CSR performance. The study assures that for as long asBP’s operations touch the daily life of people and other organisms in our planet it mustprioritize the interest of its stakeholders via continual dialogue since it is one of thefundamental principles of corporate citizenship.
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Bragato, Adelita Aparecida Podadera Bechelani. "O compliance no Brasil: a empresa entre a ética e o lucro." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2017. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1646.
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Globalization brought with it positive and negative effects and, among the negative effects, it was possible to observe the companies' search for profit at any cost, even if, for that, there was violation of labor rights, environmental impacts, discrimination, unfair competition, misleading advertising , etc. However, in recent years, a paradigm shift has begun to emerge, both from consumers and stakeholders, who are increasingly looking for ethical, transparent and accountable products and companies.This paradigm shift forced companies to change their profile and reinvent themselves, otherwise it would lose its reputation, a very important factor for business sustainability. It is irrefutable that companies seek the profit necessary for their maintenance, however, this can no longer be the main factor, that is, companies should also observe ethical standards, transparency, social responsibility in order to comply with praise The corporate social function. Thus, the problem that the research faces is whether compliance would be the appropriate tool for the company to fulfill its social function without losing the much needed profit for its maintenance. So, in order to respond to the present questioning, the research, through the hypothetical-deductive method, seeks to address the emergence of the company, as well as the forms of companies accepted by Brazilian law. Subsequently, it seeks to analyze ethics, transparency, social responsibility as forms of corporate sustainability, and, finally, to enter the subject of compliance, object of this work. In response to the problem, it is understood that compliance will allow the company to trace a successful trajectory with ethics and transparency.
A globalização trouxe consigo efeitos positivos e negativos e dentre os efeitos negativos, pôde ser observado a busca das empresas pelo lucro a qualquer custo, ainda que, para isso, houvesse violação de direitos trabalhistas, impactos ambientais, discriminação, concorrência desleal, propaganda enganosa, etc. No entanto, nos últimos anos começou a surgir uma mudança de paradigma tanto por parte dos consumidores, quanto pelos stakeholders que, buscam cada vez mais produtos e empresas éticas, transparentes e responsáveis. Essa mudança de paradigma obrigou as empresas a mudarem seu perfil e se reinventar, caso contrário, perderia sua reputação, fator esse muito importante para a sustentabilidade empresarial. É irrefutável que as empresas buscam o lucro necessário à sua manutenção, no entanto, isso não pode mais ser o fator principal, ou seja, as empresas também deverão observar os padrões éticos, a transparência, a responsabilidade social, a fim de cumprir com louvor a função social empresarial. Dessa forma, a problemática que a pesquisa enfrenta é se o compliance seria a ferramenta adequada para a empresa cumprir sua função social sem deixar de auferir o lucro tão necessário à sua manutenção. Assim, com o intuito de responder ao presente questionamento, a pesquisa, por meio do método hipotético-dedutivo, busca abordar o surgimento da empresa, assim como as formas de empresas aceitas pelo Direito brasileiro. Posteriormente busca analisar a ética, a transparência, a responsabilidade social como formas de sustentabilidade empresarial para, finalmente adentrar ao tema compliance, objeto do presente trabalho. Em resposta à problemática, entende-se que o compliance permitirá à empresa traçar uma trajetória de sucesso com ética e transparência.
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Jonzo, Émilie. "La restructuration. Essai d'une conception renouvelée en droit des affaires." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0010.
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Opération courante dans la vie des affaires, la restructuration est généralement traitée à travers des questions nombreuses et éparses dans différentes branches du droit. La thèse propose une approche globale afin qu’émerge une conception renouvelée de la restructuration en droit des affaires. L’étude a mis en lumière la nécessité de déconstruire et reconstruire la notion. La déconstruction se justifie par l’insuffisance des conceptions actuelles face au domaine de recherche choisi et à la diversification des outils de restructuration, ainsi que par la nécessité d’exclure définitivement un critère de définition fréquent mais inadéquat, les conséquences. La reconstruction a permis la mise en lumière des critères de la notion. Au sein des critères matériels, la notion de structure a été renouvelée pour mettre en évidence sa réalité plurielle et ses critères communs de caractérisation. La décision de restructurer et la modification induite par l’opération ont aussi été redéfinis ou précisés. Un critère fonctionnel y a été ajouté, la rationalisation de l’entreprise, mettant en lumière son nécessaire dynamisme dans un environnement en constant mouvement. Guidée par la recherche de réalisme, une notion renouvelée de la restructuration a alors été proposée. L’étude du régime juridique a ensuite mis en exergue, au-delà de son éclatement, un socle commun à travers deux standards : la transparence et la responsabilité sociale. Leur existence a pu être démontrée, et la question de leur application traitée. Si des progrès doivent encore être réalisés, l’évolution du droit semble favoriser la promotion de l’éthique et de l’humanisation au sein de ce régime juridique et du droit des affairesRestructuring is a routine part of business life and is generally dealt with through numerous and scattered questions in different branches of law. The thesis proposes a global approach so that a new conception of restructuring in business law emerges. The study highlighted the need to deconstruct and reconstruct the notion. The deconstruction is justified by the inadequacy of current concepts in relation to the chosen field of research and the diversification of restructuring tools, as well as by the need to definitively exclude a frequent but inadequate definition criterion, the consequences. The reconstruction made it possible to highlight the criteria of the concept. Within the material criteria, the notion of structure has been renewed to highlight its plural reality and its common characterization criteria. The decision to restructure and the change induced by the operation have also been redefined or clarified. A functional criterion has been added, the rationalization of the company, highlighting its necessary dynamism in a constantly changing environment. Guided by the search for realism, a renewed notion of restructuring was then proposed. The study of the legal regime then highlighted, beyond its fragmentation, a common basis through two standards: transparency and social responsibility. Their existence has been demonstrated, and the question of their application addressed. While further progress is still to be made, legal developments seem to promote the promotion of ethics and humanization within this legal regime and business law
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Bordes, Candice. "La transparence comme nouvel ordre moral en droit constitutionnel." Thesis, Perpignan, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PERP0038.
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La revendication de transparence est récurrente dans des discours de différentes natures. En droit constitutionnel plus particulièrement, la transparence est souvent présentée comme une vertu garante de la moralisation de l’État. La volonté d'une moralisation par la transparence se manifeste tant dans le processus de construction de la norme constitutionnelle que dans la pratique du pouvoir. S’agissant de l'ensemble des règles juridiques qui structurent l'exercice du pouvoir politique et encadrent la compétition pour y accéder, il s’agira d’envisager ce pouvoir politique comme moyen d’action étatique. La transparence semble s'y inscrire comme la qualité du « bon gouvernement » et du « bon gouvernant ». Elle permettrait la réalisation des valeurs véhiculées par l’État de droit démocratique. La philosophie des Lumières était porteuse de cette démarche, une démarche également présente dans la morale utilitariste de Jeremy Bentham. Néanmoins, toute vertu possède ses vices. Non seulement la transparence n'est pas toujours réalisable mais plus encore, elle n'est pas toujours souhaitableThe claim for transparency is recurrent in speeches of different natures. Particularly in constitutional law, transparency is often presented as a virtue which guarantees the moralization of the state. The will for moralization through transparency is visible both in the building of the constitutional norm and in the practice of power. Regarding all the legal rules which structure the exercise of political power and regulate the competition for its access, this political power will be considered as a way to act for the government. Transparency seems to become the quality of a "good government" and a "good leader". It's supposed to achieve the values contained in the rule of law and the democraty. The Philosophy of Enlightenment carried this idea, so the utilitarian moral of Jeremy Bentham. But all virtue has its vices. Transparency is not always achievable, moreover, it's not always desirable
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Puydebois, Grégori. "La transparence de la vie publique en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0237/document.
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La transparence de la vie publique correspond à un corpus de règles contraignantes visant à renouer la confiance entre les citoyens et les responsables publics. En outre, la notion de transparence se trouve quasi naturellement associée par la doctrine à l’idéal démocratique. L’analyse du droit positif montre que la transparence de la vie publique a élargi significativement le droit de la probité des responsables publics en développant une approche complémentaire de l’arsenal répressif préexistant. En trente ans, la législation a évolué dans le sens d’une plus grande effectivité. Cependant, elle présente encore de nombreuses insuffisances, particulièrement en matière de contrôle du financement de la vie politique. Par ailleurs, le potentiel démocratique de la transparence s’avère inexploité. La transparence de la vie publique n’entraîne pas de rééquilibrage entre les pouvoirs et fait une place marginale aux citoyens. Le législateur et le juge constitutionnel ne lui reconnaissent pas une valeur constitutionnelle. De plus, sa contribution à la garantie des droits politiques essentiels à la démocratie parlementaire reste mesurée. En revanche, le principe de séparation des pouvoirs et certains droits fondamentaux limitent considérablement la portée des contrôles sur les responsables publics et font obstacles à la transparenceTransparency in public life refers to a set of restrictive rules designed for restoring trust between citizens and public leaders. Moreover, transparency is naturally associated to the democratic ideal. Analysis in positive law shows transparency in public life significantly broadens probity rules for politicians and public leaders as it develops a complementary approach to pre-existing repressive rules. For thirty years, statutes have evolved to a better efficiency. Nevertheless, they are still not enough, especially regarding controls over political funding. In addition, the transparency democratic potential has been neglected. Transparency in politics does not refund the balance between powers and only gives a marginal role for citizens. Both Parliament and Constitutional judge do not recognise it as a constitutional value. Furthermore, their contributions to guarantee political rights in a parliamentary democracy are moderate. Finally, the separation of powers and some fundamental rights limit substantially the reach of controls over public leaders
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Ribeiro, Francisco José Porto. "Responsabilidade social como instrumento de política pública: estudo aplicado a organismos do Ministério da Agricultura, Mar, Ambiente e ordenamento do Território." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6595.
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Tese de Mestrado em Gestão e Políticas PúblicasO presente trabalho estuda o impacto do modelo de responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC) nas organizações da administração pública aplicado, deste modo, aos organismos do Ministério da Agricultura, do Mar, do Ambiente e do Ordenamento do Território (MAMAOT). Estudou-se a importância, prática, da aplicação do conceito de RSC nas organizações da administração pública, servido de modelo representativo da realidade social, as organizações afetas a este ministério. Com a aplicabilidade do conceito de RSC espera-se destas organizações que as mesmas contribuam para a uma sociedade melhor, mais humanizada, éticamente mais responsável e mais profissional, francamente mais transparente tendo associado um modelo de prestação de contas voluntário e ajustado à racionalização esperada dos serviços públicos. O objetivo é que esta “nova” administração pública possa ser compreendida pelo cidadão-cliente, contribuinte e parte interessada no sucesso das mesmas, enquanto stakeholder. Da revisão de literatura efetuada retira-se que o sucesso de uma organização socialmente responsável é suportado pela sua capacidade de gerir os impactos ambientais e sociais, ao mesmo tempo que estimula o diálogo com os stakeholders através da gestão da capacidade criativa dos colaboradores, integrando os clientes e fornecedores e outros parceiros, no desenvolvimento de novos produtos e serviços. É este o modelo que se procurou ajustar aos organismos do MAMOT.
This paper approach the study of the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) model in public sector organizations applied, thus to the Ministry of Agriculture, Sea, Environment and Territory Planning organizations. Was considered the practical importance and application of CSR concept in public sector organization, considered has a representative model of the social reality. Considering the application of CSR concept in these organizations is expected that they will contribute to a better world, more humanized, more ethic, more responsible and professional and, frankly, more transparent when related with an accountability process, adjusted to the expected rationalization of public services. The aim is that the “new” public administration can be understood by the citizen and customer, while taxpayer and interested stakeholder in the organizations. From the literature review conducted it is possible to obtain remarks considering that the success of a socially responsible organization is supported by the ability to manage the environment and social impacts, while provides the dialogue with stakeholders by managing the employees creative ability, integrate customers and suppliers has well as other partners, in developing new products and services. This is the model adjusted to the Ministry of Agriculture, Sea, Environment and Territory Planning organizations.
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Krehoff, Bernd Michael. "The legitimacy of international legal institutions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ab3cf53c-bc7e-4140-a532-bb0696d2e44a.
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This thesis is about the legitimacy of political authority in general and international legal institutions (ILIs) in particular. It is divided into two parts with three chapters corresponding to each part. The first part presents an account of legitimate political authority that is based on Joseph Raz's service conception of authority but also makes some important modifications to it. The central claim of the first part is that the legitimacy of political authorities in general, as measured by the standard of Raz's Normal Justification Thesis, depends in a crucial way on the ability of the subjects to get involved –more so than Raz is prepared to admit– in the activities that are relevant in the political domain. The thesis offers a general account of legitimate political authority, i.e. one that is valid for any type of political authority. The second part, however, examines the implications of this account for the legitimacy of ILIs. These are non-state authorities, such as the World Trade Organisation or the International Criminal Court, that deal with problems of global political relevance. Because of this global approach, the subjects of ILIs (i.e. those whose reasons are to be served by the ILI) are not confined to the boundaries of regions or states, but distributed across the world. ILIs operate by creating, interpreting, and applying public international law. Despite some striking differences between ILIs and other types of political authority (particularly states), I argue that they all ought to be measured by the same standard of legitimacy, namely the Normal Justification Thesis. But I also argue that the requirements for meeting this standard of legitimacy may vary according to the type of political authority (especially with regard to the requirement of democracy).
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Záhorská, Lucie. "Prosazování konceptu CSR v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136240.
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This final thesis describes the core of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) concept, monitors its development and its present role in the Czech Republic and the world. In the practical part of this thesis I focus on the institutions in the field of CSR in the Czech Republic, with emphasis on the Business Leaders Forum. I reveal the knowledge and the attitude of the target groups (managers, university students) towards the concept. In the last part of the thesis I suggest measures for higher efficiency of the promotion of the CSR concept in the Czech Republic.
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Jagučanskytė, Akvilė. "Informacijos apie aplinką viešumas ir prieinamumas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100225_141039-41271.
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Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe autorė analizuoja informacijos apie aplinką viešumo bei prieinamumo teisinius, praktinius bei etinius aspektus. Šio darbo tikslas yra atskleisti visuomenės narių nuomonę apie gerai reglamentuotą informacijos apie aplinką skleidimą bei gavimą.
Tyrimas pradedamas teisiniu aspektu. Pabrėžiamos įstatymais reglamentuojamos teisės į informaciją apie aplinką. Atskleidžiami visuomenės narių ypatumai dėl teisės kreiptis į valstybės institucijas gauti informaciją bei valstybės institucijų pareigas skleisti ir viešinti informaciją, ne tik kurios reikalauja visuomenė, bet ir iniciatyviai.
Antrajame skyriuje nagrinėjamas informacijos apie aplinką viešumo bei prieinamumo aspektas. Atskleidžiama viešumo bei prieinamumo turinių (esmių) problematika, analizuojamos prieinamiausios visuomenei informacijos priemonės.
Trečias šio magistro baigiamojo darbo skyrius yra skirtas ekologinei etikai. Supažindinama su pagrindinėmis dabartinės ekologinės etikos vertybėmis, atskleidžiamos šių vertybių esminis indėlis žmogaus pasąmonei.
Ketvirtasis skyrius skirtas visuomenės narių nuomonės apie informacijos apie aplinką viešumą bei prieinamumą analizei: atskleidžiamos pagrindinės problemos dėl informacijos apie aplinką, pateikiamos prieinamiausios žmonėms informavimo priemonės, įvertinamas informacijos viešumas, remiantis respondentų pasisakymais, analizuojamos aplinkosauginės vertybės bei pabrėžiamos pagrindinės problemos, lemiančios tų vertybių užmiršimą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]In this master thesis the author analysis the environmental information publicity and accessibility by legal, practical and ethical aspects. The aim is to reveal the members of the public opinions about the well – regulated environmental information dissemination and acquisition. Initiations legal aspect. Emphasis is placed on the law governed the right to information about the environment. Members of the public disclosure of the characteristics of access to public authorities access to information and obligations of public authorities to disseminate and publicize information that is not only required by the public, but also proactively. The second chapter examines the information about the environment publicity and accessibility. Disclosed in publicity and availability of content (substantially) the problem, analyze the most affordable media to the public. The third master's final work of this section is intended for environmental ethics. Introducing the major current environmental ethical values. These values are revealed substantial contribution to the human subconscious. The fourth section is dedicated to members of the public opinion on environmental information transparency and accessibility analysis: there are the key problems of environmental information, the most affordable media for people, and public access to information based on the views expressed by respondents, analysis of environmental values and focused on the main issues determining the values of... [to full text]
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Woydt, Justus. "Der Integrity Pact von Transparency International." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2214/.
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Boström, Andersson Jesper, and Jonas Nygren. "Security Theater i digitala applikationer : En illusion för att förstärka känslan av säkerhet." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18768.
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Datorkraft och hastighet har på senare år ökat exponentiellt, men våra förväntningar och mentala modeller om vad datorsystem är kapabla till har inte följt med. I fall där människor inte tror på att systemet kan utföra de uppgifter som begärs så snabbt som de gör kan artificiell väntan appliceras för att förväntningarna ska komma närmare verkligheten. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka ifall security theater fungerar i kontexten av bankapplikationer och vad som händer med användarens förtroende ifall illusionen av säkerhet brister. Genom denna undersökning har vi fått fram att security theater är ett fenomen som fungerar och tillför ett värde för användaren. Dock ska kontexten ifråga utvärderas noggrant, då security theater i fel kontext kan ses som ett störande moment. Vi kom fram till att majoriteten av testpersoner inte påverkas negativt, och istället ser security theater som ett värde även efter illusionen genomskådats.Computer power and speed have increased exponentially in recent years, but our expectations and mental models of what computer systems are capable of have not kept up. In cases where people do not believe that the system can perform the requested task as quickly as they do, an artificial wait can be applied to closer match the reality. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether security theater works in the context of banking applications and what happens with the users trust if the illusion of security fails. Through this paper we have found that security theater is a phenomenon that works and adds value to the user. However, the context in question must be carefully evaluated, as security theater in the wrong context can be seen as a disturbing element. We came to the conclusion that the majority of our test subjects are not negatively affected, and instead sees the value in security theater even after the illusion have been revealed.
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Elshorst, Hansjörg. "Ergänzende Gedanken aus der Sicht von Transparency International (TI)." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2215/.
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Behandelte Themen sind:
Staat und Wirtschaft als wesentliches Thema von TI;
Staat und Wirtschaft früher stärker verbandelt;
Distanz zwischen Staat und Wirtschaft als Korruptionsprävention;
Geforderte Distanz gegenläufig zu New Public Management;
New Public Management als Alternative zum Klüngel;
Public Private Partnerships (PPP) – populär, wo formalisierte Lösungen versagen;
„Privatisierung“ führt zu neuen Korruptionsrisiken;
New Public Management – in Teilbereichen Alternative zu „Privatisierung“?;
Das Potential von Transparenz;
Neue Chancen für Ethik und Integrität
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Edwardsson, Evelina, and Elena Giannisi. "Trading transparency: How it affects the coffee farmers?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43690.
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Trading processes are occurring every day in all industries, and people within these processes are constantly faced with inequalities due to different power structures and opportunities. In particularly, the coffee industry is one industry that is affected by these trading differences. The purpose of this thesis is to examine two different trading concepts within the coffee industry; blockchain and direct trade, and how these are affecting the livelihood of the coffee farmers. This thesis was analysed from consumer’s and supplier’s perspective, which correspond to blockchain and direct trade respectively. Further, through a deductive qualitative research we gathered empirical findings which prove that farmers of developing countries such as Ethiopia and Guatemala can better off through a transparent and essential relationship, which either concept provides. Particularly, while blockchain encourages ethical customer to channel its purchasing power to the farmer, in order to improve their livelihood, a direct trade relationship between farmer and the buyer provides a personal connection in a vision to thrive together.
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Birge, Charles. "The Addiction of Transparency: Observations on the Emotional Neurophysiology of Whiteness." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1554891264402108.
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Regiani, Tatiana. "A cultura de ética nos fundos de pensão brasileiros: uma análise sobre a percepção interna das fundações." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24130.
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A credibilidade das entidades fechadas de previdência complementar (EFPC), no Brasil também conhecidas como fundos de pensão, tem sido questionada pelos stakeholders e pela sociedade em geral, já que são muito altos os valores envolvidos nos casos de corrupção com a participação das maiores fundações do país. Os impactos são conjunturais, tanto econômicos e políticos quanto sociais, envolvendo diretamente funcionários e participantes (pensionistas, aposentados e beneficiários), os quais confiaram uma vida inteira de contribuições com a esperança de ter uma vida segurada financeiramente por meio da gestão desses fundos. O custo e as consequências da corrupção no ambiente da previdência complementar trazem impactos negativos ao setor, tais como: despesas com investigação, defesa em litígios, reputação negativa, perda de confiança dos participantes, perda de possíveis novos participantes, entre outros prejuízos. A Lei Anticorrupção (12.846/2013) prevê severas punições às empresas que praticarem atos de corrupção. Sua regulamentação, por meio do Decreto nº 8.420/2015, tornou indispensável a implementação de normas e práticas para prevenção, identificação e punição de tais condutas, em especial o Programa de Integridade. Diante desse contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar se, do ponto de vista dos funcionários das EFPC, considerando a percepção dos três níveis hierárquicos — diretores, gerentes e analistas —, havia uma cultura de ética e se ocorreu alguma mudança após adequação normativa dessas entidades. A hipótese inicial era que a mera implementação de práticas oriundas de obrigação legal não garante a existência nem a manutenção de uma cultura de ética. A fim de confirmá-la, foram entrevistados colaboradores de 10 dos 50 maiores fundos de pensão do Brasil, que juntos representam mais de R$ 400 bilhões em investimentos — 51% do total de ativos sob gestão de todo o setor. Encontraram-se distintos mecanismos e processos envolvendo um sistema de ética e de denúncias entre os fundos de pensão, mas o elemento comum identificado foi que a inexistência de um processo transparente e justo de investigação e punição de condutas ilícitas (especialmente quando estas são praticadas por ocupantes de cargos dos níveis hierárquicos mais altos) aponta que a cultura de ética ainda é muito falha, impactando diretamente a percepção dos funcionários sobre as respectivas instituições e, consequentemente, a reputação das EFPC. Com este trabalho espera-se contribuir para que haja uma melhor compreensão da complexidade dessa temática e dos fatores diretamente relacionados à dimensão humana dos programas de integridade e seu impacto numa cultura de ética efetiva. Com esse entendimento, será possível elaborar ações que conduzam a uma efetiva cultura de ética e minimizem os desvios de conduta nessas entidades.
The credibility of closed private pension entities (EFPC) in Brazil, also known as pension funds, has been questioned by stakeholders and by society in general, since the amounts tangled in corruption cases involving the largest foundations in the country are very high. The impacts are conjectural economically, politically and socially, with the direct involvement of employees and members (pensioners, retirees and beneficiaries) who have entrusted a lifetime of payments with the hope of having a financially secure retirement through the management of these funds. The cost and consequences of corruption in the pension environment bring negative impacts to the industry, such as: research expenses, defense in litigation, negative reputation, participants´ loss of confidence, loss of new participant leads, among other losses. The Anti-Corruption Act (12,846/2013) provides companies that practice acts of corruption severe punishments. Its regulations, by means of Decree No. 8,420/2015, became essential to the implementation of standards and practices for the prevention, identification and punishment of misconduct, particularly regarding the Integrity Program. In this context, this research aims to identify whether from the point of view of EFPC officials, considering the perceptions of three hierarchical levels — directors, managers and analysts, there was a culture of ethics and if there have been any changes after regulatory bodies adequacy. The initial hypothesis was that the mere implementation of practices from legal obligation does not warrant the existence nor the maintenance of a culture of ethics. In order to confirm that, 10 employees from the 50 largest pension funds in Brazil were interviewed, they together account for more than BRL400 billion in investments — 51% of total assets under management of the entire sector. There are different mechanisms and processes to the ethics of pension funds, but the common element identified was the lack of a transparent and fair process for investigating and punishing illicit conducts (especially when these are practiced by occupants of higher hierarchical levels offices) which indicates a frail culture of ethics thus directly impacting the perception of employees about their institutions and, consequently, the EFPC reputation. This paper is expected to contribute to a better understanding of this complex subject and the factors directly related to the human dimension in integrity programs as well as their impact on a culture of effective ethics. This understanding will enable the development of actions that lead to an effective culture of ethics consequently minimizing misconduct in these entities.
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Paunov, Yavor [Verfasser], and Michaela [Akademischer Betreuer] Wänke. "Transparent defaulting: an ethical way of increasing policy compliance / Yavor Paunov ; Betreuer: Michaela Wänke." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1220631981/34.
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Halter, Maria Virgínia Rogério de Souza. "Estudo da percepção do fornecedor com relação à ética dos profissionais do setor de compras de grandes empresas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2307.
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Previous issue date: 2008-12-11T00:00:00ZO objetivo geral da dissertação é estudar o código de conduta de uma empresa multinacional, visando conhecer a coerência entre o comportamento ético da empresa na subsidiária no Brasil, em termos da relação fornecedor - profissionais do setor de compras. Através de um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa e emprego de entrevistas semi-estruturadas questionário Likert, procurou-se conhecer a percepção do fornecedor com relação ao comportamento ético do comprador da empresa no Brasil, bem como os fatores que influenciam este relacionamento. A análise dos dados mostra que, apesar da reputação negativa percebida pelos brasileiros com relação à ética nos negócios, a empresa estudada apresenta uma boa reputação para o grupo de stakeholders 'fornecedores'. Confidencialidade de informações, respeito, ausência de favorecimentos, confiança, justiça, qualidade do produto, velocidade na resolução de problema, comunicação clara, negociação justa e honesta e vivência e comunicação do código de conduta da empresa pelos seus funcionários, foram identificados como fatores que influenciam o relacionamento fornecedor – comprador, bem como a percepção do fornecedor com relação ao comportamento ético do comprador. A percepção do comportamento ético do departamento de compras de uma empresa faz parte da imagem corporativa, e está intimamente ligada com a reputação da corporação. Comunicação, respeito mútuo e criação e manutenção de uma relação aberta e de confiança com seus stakeholders são componentes importantes no processo gerenciamento da identidade corporativa. Padrões éticos elevados, como os da empresa estudada, contribuem para estabelece a identidade da corporação e um bom relacionamento com seus stakeholders.
This Dissertation aims to studying a multinational company’s code of ethics in order to know the coherence of its Brazilian subsidiary’s ethical behavior. It focuses specifically the relationship between suppliers and the company’s purchasing department employees. By means of qualitative research and Likert questionnaire semi-structured interviews we have tried to understand the supplier’s awareness of the company’s purchaser’s ethical behavior and its influencing factors. Data analysis indicates that despite the fact that Brazilians notice a negative reputation in business ethics, stakeholders – 'suppliers' – have a positive image of the company in this study. Information confidentiality, respect, lack of favoritism, trust, fairness, product quality, promptness in problem-solving, clear communication, fair and honest negotiation and compliance with the company’s code of ethics and communication with staff communication were identified as influencing factors in the relationship between the supplier and the purchaser, as well as the supplier’s awareness of the purchaser’s code of ethics. Ethical behavior awareness in a company’s purchasing department is part of its corporate image, and it is closely liaised to its corporation’s reputation. Communication, mutual respect and fostering an open and reliable relationship with its stakeholders are important aspects of the corporate identity management process. High ethical values, such as those observed in the company in the study, contribute to establishing corporate identity and strengthening the relationship with its stakeholders.
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Brooks, Sarah E. "Image Trends in Corporate Environmental Reporting: Bolstering Reputation through Transparency or Widening the “Sustainability Gap”?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_theses/96.
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As companies discover the monetary benefits of a positive environmental image, a proliferation of green imaging confounds the public sphere. The consequence becomes the disarticulation of terms like environmental excellence, sustainable development, and minimum environmental harm. Because the oversaturation of greening efforts has elicited public distrust, stakeholders need timely and accurate information regarding environmental claims. As a major vehicle for communicating these efforts, corporate environmental reports (CERs) are laden with colorful and sublime images. This study examines the functionality of images found in CERs from 27 industry leaders, applying Sonja Foss’s tenets of visual rhetorical analysis to identify the nature and function of the images and offer an evaluation based on emergent themes. Because images are increasingly important to corporate transparency, the study concludes with several best practice recommendations to serve as ethical image design strategies and to reflect the ways companies address impactful operations.
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Febles, Pozo Nayiber. "La transparencia en el arbitraje internacional y en los tratados bilaterales de inversión." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667357.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis's main objective is the analysis of transparency in international arbitration. To this purpose, we start from a broad conception of the notion
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of transparency and its relevance in the current Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and in the main international arbitration regulations: the ICSID, the ICC, UNCITRAL and its Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration, followed by a study of the most important issues of the arbitration procedure related to transparency, such as public hearings, the participation of third parties in the procedure (third-party funders and amicus curiae), the appointment of arbitrators and the conflict of interests and, finally, the analysis of transparency in the decisions (arbitral awards). The thesis proposes and bases, among other issues, the need to create an ICSID Court of Appeal and, if not, the most suitable mechanism for the implementation of an International Investment TribunalLa tesis aborda las principales cuestiones procesales en el ámbito del arbitraje comercial internacional y el arbitraje de inversiones. Se parte de un análisis del concepto de transparencia en el arbitraje internacional y su relevancia en los actuales Tratados Bilaterales de Inversión (TBI), así como en las principales reglas arbitrales a nivel internacional, el CIADI; la CCI; la CNUDMI y su Reglamento sobre la Transparencia en el arbitraje inversionista-Estado, seguido de un estudio de las cuestiones más trascendentales del procedimiento arbitral relacionadas con las transparencia como son las audiencias públicas; la participación de terceros en el procedimiento, dígase terceros financiadores y los amicus curiae; el nombramiento de los árbitros y el conflicto de intereses; concluyendo con el análisis de la transparencia en las decisiones (laudos) arbitrales. En la tesis se propone y fundamenta, entre otras cuestiones, la necesidad de creación de un Tribunal de Apelación del CIADI y, en caso contrario, el mecanismo más idóneo para la implementación de un Tribunal Internacional de Inversiones
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Eibl, Milan. "Zhodnocení protikorupčních opatření a mechanismů ve firmách zbrojního odvětví v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205504.
Full textAbstract:
International studies concerning the implementation of ethical and anti-corruption agenda suggest, that defence companies from Czech Republic do not live up to same standards as a global ones. Goal of the thesis is to verify, whether This hypothesis is true for other Czech Defence companies too. The theoretical part summarises the modern historical period of the evolution of the defence industry in the Czech Republic and analyse main anti-corruption institutions and legal documents. The last two chapters carry out analysis of a state of anti-corruption agenda implemented in a group of Czech defence companies and a practical examples of its importance in a four case studies about main corruption cases in the Czech Republic. The result shows, that Czech companies are at the same level as a global average, but there are serious deficiencies in mechanisms concerning anti-corruption measures.
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Petersson, Frida. "Sustainable investments : Transparency regulation as a tool to influence investors to choose sustainable investment funds." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156659.
Full textAbstract:
In March 2018 the European Commission published the Action Plan on Financing Sustainable Growth. One of the main objectives with the actions presented in the action plan is to reorient capital flows towards sustainable investments, i.e. to influence more investors to invest sustainably. The action plan was followed by three proposals for transparency regulation regarding an EU taxonomy on sustainability, sustainability benchmarks and sustainability disclosures. Furthermore, the action plan included actions regarding two other transparency measures – sustainability labels and sustainability ratings. The first purpose of the thesis is to investigate if transparency regulation in the EU can be used as a tool to influence investors to choose sustainable investment funds. One of the main aims of the actions presented in the Action Plan on Financing Sustainable Growth, as well as the accompanying regulation proposals, is to reorient capital flows towards sustainable investments, i.e. to influence more investors to invest sustainably. In light of this, the Commission’s three proposed transparency regulations, as well as the concept of sustainability labels and ratings, are used as a basis for the investigation. The second purpose of the thesis is therefore to critically review the three regulation proposals and the concept of sustainability labels and ratings in order to gain an understanding of how different transparency measures can influence investors to choose sustainable investment funds. The transparency regulations and measures are analysed and critically reviewed in light of their objective to influence more investors to invest sustainably. A behavioural economics perspective, as well as consumer behaviour theories and decision-making models, are applied in order to analyse the transparency regulations and measures from an external perspective. Based on the analysis there are many indicators that transparency regulation can be used as a tool to influence investors to choose sustainable investment funds. However, to what extent transparency regulation can influence investor behaviour varies depending on which transparency measures are used and how they are designed. Sustainability benchmarks seem to have the least potential to influence investor behaviour, while the EU taxonomy on sustainability and sustainability labels seem to have the best potential to influence investor behaviour.
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Javary, Baptiste. "La déontologie parlementaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100120.
Full textAbstract:
La déontologie parlementaire désigne un ensemble de normes d’origines diverses qui vise à réguler la conduite personnelle des parlementaires afin que, dans l’intérêt de l’institution, leur comportement soit le plus conforme aux devoirs inhérents à l’exercice du mandat qui leur est confié et aux attentes légitimes des citoyens. De nombreux parlements dans le monde se sont dotés de ce type de règles. L’étude se concentre plus particulièrement sur la déontologie dans différents régimes parlementaires. Cette déontologie se structure autour de deux composantes essentielles : les parlementaires sont traditionnellement soumis à un devoir d’indépendance tant à l’égard de leurs attaches institutionnelles que des intérêts particuliers dans le but de préserver le caractère représentatif du mandat. Dans le même temps, les députés sont soumis à un devoir plus contemporain de responsabilité à l’égard des citoyens qu’ils représentent. Ce devoir se traduit par la soumission à de nouvelles exigences d’exemplarité et de transparence dont la méconnaissance peut désormais être sanctionnée. La déontologie parlementaire fait évoluer la démocratie représentative en conditionnant l’exercice légitime du pouvoir au respect de certaines normes comportementales particulières dont le but est, en organisant leurs relations, de favoriser une confiance réciproque entre les citoyens et leurs élusParliamentary ethics refers to a set of essentially formal norms of various origins that aim to regulate the personal conduct of MPs, in order that their conduct meet the standards the function requires and the legitimate expectations of citizens. Many parliaments around the world have institutionalized such rules. The study focuses more especially on ethics in different parliamentary systems. The institutionalization of ethics in Parliament shows an evolution of democratic representation that aim to foster trust between citizens and their elected representatives
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Aktar, Ipek. "Voluntary disclosure of negative information in corporate communication: Can companies benefit from disclosing their ethical infractions?" Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31883.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis builds on the literature of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication. The following three chapters study the potential impacts of disclosing voluntarily negative information in a company’s own CSR communication within the contexts of pharmaceutical, textile and chocolate companies, respectively. Incorporating survey and experimental methodologies, these studies aim to help identify effective solutions for ethical issues by revealing the appropriate contexts in which companies can discuss them transparently and, thus, be rewarded for responding and acting in good faith and due diligence. Our results suggest that companies might benefit from voluntary disclosure of ethical issues if they also intend to disclose their specific actions for eliminating such infractions. Additionally, we highlight the role of public awareness in how negative information by the relevant stakeholders is evaluated. These studies reinforce the concept that acknowledging ethical issues would lead to higher levels of ethical behavior in business.La siguiente tesis se basa en la literatura sobre comunicación de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) de empresa. Se analizan los posibles efectos de divulgación voluntaria de información negativa en la comunicación (RSC) en contextos de empresas farmacéuticas, textiles y de chocolate. Estos estudios tienen como objetivo ayudar a identificar soluciones efectivas a cuestiones éticas al revelar los contextos donde las empresas puedan debatir de manera transparente, y ser recompensadas por responder y actuar de buena fe y con diligencia. Los resultados sugieren que las empresas pueden beneficiarse de la divulgación voluntaria de aspectos éticos negativos si también divulgan sus acciones específicas para la eliminación de tales infracciones. Además, se destaca el papel de la sensibilización del público sobre como la información negativa se evalúa por las partes interesadas. Estos estudios refuerzan la idea de que reconocer problemas éticos conduce a niveles más altos de comportamiento ético en el mundo empresarial.
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Morton, Deborah. "The Relationship Between Authentic Leadership and Employee Retention: Measuring the Perceived Level of Authentic Leadership and the Effect on Employee Retention." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1340722665.
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Fraisse, Wolfgang. "La responsabilité sociale des entreprises : une forme de régulation des relations de travail ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2078.
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La responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE), définie comme l’intégration volontaire des préoccupations sociales et écologiques à l’activité commerciale des entreprises et dans leurs relations avec leurs parties prenantes, est devenue le lieu d’une série d’actes et de normes de nature et aux effets divers. Incitées à développer leurs démarches sociales responsables, les entreprises se sont dotées progressivement d’instruments volontaires. Or, comme tout fait social, ces derniers sont susceptibles de donner lieu à interprétation juridique d’autant plus que les sujets sur lesquels ils portent peuvent faire l’objet d’obligations posées par la réglementation étatique. En ce sens, les actes volontaires de RSE peuvent par leur formulation recommandatoire, proclamatoire ou déclaratoire opérer un renvoi au droit positif et constituer ainsi une base informationnelle voire pédagogique de la règle de droit offrant par-là un cadre pour le suivi d’une conduite juste et raisonnée. D’autres instruments peuvent également prescrire des comportements et ainsi constituer des modes de régulation des comportements. De plus, l’intensification de la force normative de ces instruments dits volontaires s’accompagne de leviers juridiques tant contraignants qu’incitatifs favorables au développement de la RSE. Le cadre national contribue de la sorte à façonner les initiatives des entreprises en cette matière. Ce maillage juridique fait de la RSE un espace de diverses formes de régulation. D’acte d’autorégulation lorsque les règles posées sont le résultat d’une volonté unilatérale, l’instrument peut devenir un mode de mise en œuvre du droit lorsqu’il s’inscrit dans le cadre d’obligations légales. Dans cette nouvelle dynamique, il ne faut pas occulter les potentialités juridiques offertes par le droit qui au fil des décisions de justice et analyses permet de concevoir la RSE comme un standard de conduite générateur de formes de régulation et de responsabilités au sein du rapport d’emploiThe corporate social responsibility (CSR) of major companies, defined as the voluntary integration of social and environmental concerns in both business itself and in the relationships with stakeholders, has become the site of a series of acts and standards of diverse nature and effects. Encouraged to develop social initiatives, firms have experimented with several initiatives to promote the image of social responsibility. However, with any endeavour, these are likely to demand legal assessment, especially as the subjects to which they relate are subject to state regulation. Voluntary acts of CSR can, by their recommandatory, proclamatory or declaratory formulation, refer to hard law and thus constitute an educational or informational basis of the rule of law, offering a framework for monitoring fair and rational conduct. Other standards can also prescribe behaviours and act as a form of control. Moreover, the intensification of the normative force of those voluntary measures involves legal implications, both binding and inspiring CSR development. The national framework helps to shape the initiatives in this area. This legal mesh makes the CSR a space of varying regulation, including self-regulation as a result of unilateral will in light of legal obligations. In this new dynamic, one must not overshadow the legal freedom granted by the law, which, over judgment and analysis facilitates the conception of CSR as a standard of conduct, generating regulation forms and responsibilities within the employment report
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Van, der Wal Camilla. "Transparency as a dimension of ethics in performance appraisal." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13095.
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M.Com.Various ethical challenges occur in the performance appraisal process. It was postulated that the lack of transparency that often characterises performance appraisal could be a major contributing factor to the occurrence of ethical challenges in appraisal. Transparency in performance appraisal is described as an attempt to optimally reveal all relevant information regarding the performance appraisal process to key stakeholders concerned, without putting anyone at risk. A dearth of research on the role of transparency in performance appraisal prompted an attempt to isolate and describe transparency in relation to the performance appraisal process. An exploratory phenomenological approach was selected as research strategy, and within this strategy, semi-structured in-depth interviews (n=7) were utilised to explore the nature of transparency in the performance appraisal process. The participants were in a managerial role with experience in conducting performance appraisal, and have been subject to performance appraisal themselves. Systematic content analysis of data produced results that indicated that transparency does not operate in isolation but in conjunction with other ethical dimensions (trust, fairness, integrity, maturity, respect, responsibility, and honesty). Effective and sufficient communication of information before, during, and after the performance appraisal process was identified as a crucial element in creating a perception of transparency with key stakeholders involved. An adherence to principles of transparency in performance appraisal could potentially build trust between parties involved, increase fairness in the appraisal process, validate the organisation's integrity, and create mutual respect amongst stakeholders. Although applying transparency in appraisal has many benefits, it should be handled with caution as sensitive information has the potential to cause harm or put stakeholders at risk.
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Lu, Chia-Ju, and 呂佳茹. "The Impact of Computer-Mediated Communication Ability and Professional Ethics on Franchising Relationship: The Moderating Effect of Information Transparency." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27289516224996071570.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立中正大學
企業管理所
95
Information technology has not only changed interpersonal relationships but also provided different patterns for organizing communications. With the rapidly changing environment and limited resources, franchising is regarded as the best choice for starting a business. Because it has multiple independent franchisees, it is difficult to manage the franchisor-franchisee relationship. To maintain a high quality of products and services with homogeneous brand images, trust plays a crucial role in franchise relationships. Considering the views of franchisees, this study explores the impact of CMC (computer mediated communication) and professional ethics on trusts and commitments between franchisees and franchisors. In addition, this study focuses on information transparency moderating the franchising relationship, especially on CMC ability and professional ethics to trust. This study uses a trust-commitment theory (Morgan and Hunt, 1994) for its research model. In addition, it also uses a triangulation research method to verify the research model. The research model is initially derived from this revised trust-commitment theory using multiple-case interviews. Then the survey verifies the revised research model with 137 franchisees samples from four top convenience store franchising systems in Taiwan in order to examine the determinants of trust and commitment. According to SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analyses, results indicate professional ethics (honest, integrity and benevolence) had positive influences in a franchisees’ trust. In addition, CMC was an important and positive determinant in a franchisees’ trust. Significantly, trust had a positive influence in a franchisees’ commitment including normative, continuance and affective commitment. Furthermore, moderating effects of information transparency between CMC and trust for the others were significant. However, information transparency had no moderating effect in professional ethics. The main conclusion of this study for academia was to apply related CMC theories and relationship marketing to explore franchising relationships. Additionally, the most important factors of professional ethics in convenience store franchise systems were honesty, integrity and respect. Practically speaking, headquarter managers of a franchisor should improve and promote CMC ability for both franchisees and franchisor. It was also important to consider professional ethics when developing policy in franchise systems and dealing with franchisees to ensure its success.
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Förster, Michael. "Verantwortlicher Umgang mit Informationsasymmetrien durch Finanzinstitute im Retailbanking aus der Perspektive der ökonomischen Ethik." 2017. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A8026.
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Banken haben nicht zuletzt durch die Finanzkrise von 2008 viel des Vertrauenskapitals in ihr Geschäftsmodell eingebüßt. Ein Hauptgrund ist die Existenz erheblicher Informationsasymmetrien zwischen Banken als Anbietern von Finanzprodukten und -dienstleistungen und ihren Kunden, die von den Banken zu ihren Gunsten und zu Lasten der Kunden ausgenutzt werden können.
Die vorliegende Dissertation fokussiert primär auf die gezielte Vergrößerung dieser Informationsasymmetrien zum Zwecke opportunistisch motivierter Vorteilsausnutzung. Bereits die Möglichkeit eines derartigen Vorgehens erfordert Investitionen von Banken in ihre Vertrauenswürdigkeit, um einer Gefährdung ihrer „License to Operate“ entgegen zu wirken.
Die Analyse dieser Problemstellung erfolgt bezogen auf den Kontext des Retailbankings aus der Perspektive der ökonomischen Ethik. Die Arbeit gibt Antworten auf die Frage, wie Banken Anstrengungen unternehmen sollten, um ihre Vertrauenswürdigkeit zu stärken im Angesicht von situativen Konfliktsituationen, in denen bedingt durch Informationsasymmetrien Ausbeutungspotenziale existieren.:Abbildungsverzeichnis
Tabellenverzeichnis
Abkürzungsverzeichnis
1 Einleitung
1.1 Die Problemstellung im ökonomischen Kontext
1.2 Informationsasymmetrien im Spannungsfeld von Moral und Gewinnmaximierung
1.3 Überblick über den weiteren Argumentationsgang
2 Grundlagen der ökonomischen Ethik
2.1 Diskussion der Theorieentscheidung für die ökonomische Ethik
2.2 Praktischer Syllogismus
2.3 Vertrauensspiel und Gefangenendilemma
2.4 Modell der Handlungsbedingungen
2.5 Ökonomische Ethik nach Homann und Suchanek
2.6 Spielverständnis
3 Problemstellung auf dem Zenit
3.1 Vertrauensverlust durch Informationsasymmetrie im Status quo
3.2 Interaktionsprobleme
3.2.1 Informationsprobleme
3.2.2 Anreizprobleme
3.2.3 Defektion als rationale Strategie
3.3 Problemdarstellung in Dilemmastrukturen
3.3.1 Horizontale Dilemmata
3.3.1.1 Dilemma auf Beraterebene
3.3.1.2 Dilemma auf Unternehmensebene
3.3.2 Vertikale Dilemmata
3.3.2.1 Dilemma zwischen Bank und Kunde
3.3.2.2 Dilemma zwischen Bank und Berater
3.4 Informationsasymmetrie als fokale Problemstellung
3.4.1 Umgang mit bestehenden Informationsasymmetrien
3.4.2 Diskussion der gezielten Vergrößerung unerwünschter Informationsasymmetrien
3.4.3 Unvollständige Verträge
3.4.4 Informationsvorsprung als Schalthebel für Kooperation
3.4.5 Informationskosten
3.5 Komplexität
3.5.1 Essenzielle Komplexität
3.5.2 Artifizielle Komplexität
3.6 Agenturtheorie
3.6.1 Arbeitsteilung
3.6.2 Problemstellungen der Prinzipal-Agenten-Theorie
3.6.3 Bilaterales Prinzipal-Agenten-Modell
3.6.4 Multi-Agentur-Beziehungen
3.7 Transparenz und Informationsasymmetrie
3.7.1 Grenzen der Transparenz
3.7.2 Informationsqualität
3.7.3 Informationsquantität
3.7.3.1 Intransparenz durch Zuwenig an Information
3.7.3.2 Intransparenz durch Zuviel an Information
4 Maßnahmen zur Vertrauensrückgewinnung
4.1 Kooperationsgewinne und Wohlfahrt
4.2 Auswirkung der Veränderung der Handlungsbedingungen im Zeitverlauf
4.3 Regulatorik
4.3.1 Erhöhung der Transaktionskosten durch Regulatorik
4.3.2 Verstärkung der Informationsasymmetrie durch Beratungsdokumentation
4.4 Anreizbedingungen
4.4.1 Monetäre Anreize
4.4.2 Nicht-monetäre Anreize
4.5 Leitbilder und Unternehmenswerte
4.5.1 Focal Points als Erklärung der Persistenz etablierten Verhaltens
4.5.2 Formale vs. informale Organisation
4.5.3 Implizite Regeln
4.5.4 Freerider-Problem
4.5.5 Veränderung im Spielverständnis
4.6 Exogene Faktoren
4.6.1 Niedrigzinsumfeld
4.6.2 Disruption durch Fintech
4.7 Neubewertung der Informationsasymmetrie nach Etablierung der Post-Krisen-Maßnahmen
5 Etablierung eines vertrauensbasierten Geschäftsmodells
5.1 Anwendung des Praktischen Syllogismus
5.2 Moralisches Ideal
5.2.1 Verantwortungsvolle Unternehmensführung
5.2.2 Impartial Spectator
5.2.3 Institutionalisierung des Impartial Spectators im Unternehmen
5.3 Empirische Bedingungen
5.3.1 Veränderung der Unternehmenskultur
5.3.2 Angleichung der Anreizbedingungen
5.4 Kooperationsgewinne als Wettbewerbsvorteil
5.4.1 Abbau von Risiken durch Langfristperspektive
5.4.2 Erhöhung des Gesamtnutzens durch Langfristperspektive
6 Fazit – ein Plädoyer für die Selbstbindung
Literaturverzeichnis
39
Chiang, Ying-Hua, and 江盈樺. "Enhancing Ethical Decision Making via Achieving Transparency." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12366391092205216747.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
企業管理與服務科學學程
99
Global financial crisis in the late 2000s not only reflected the negative effects of questionable conducts of marketers but also connected with the problems of unhealthy business operating condition (Hoen, 2009; Slonim, 2008). Condition of information asymmetry and lack of being communicated honestly by marketers tend to limited abilities of stakeholders to regulate behavior of marketers and make comprehensive evaluations toward issues relevant to them (Basle Committee on Banking Supervision, 1998). These all highlighted the significance and necessity of composing transparency in business contexts. The condition of transparency is believed to facilitate the ethical conducts of companies (Dubbink, Graafland & Liedekerke, 2008). Hence, this study especially incorporates the concept of transparency with the existing ethical decision making models to specify the relationship between transparency and ethical conducts of marketers. Several propositions are further developed separately from the aspects of individual factors, organizational factors (opportunity and significant others) and perceived ethical issues/dilemma. In the end of this research, managerial implications and suggestions are provided as the guidance to help companies correctly establish transparency, as a result, bring out ethical conducts of marketers and further reinforce the ethical atmosphere in business contexts.
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Tsai, Wei-Hing, and 蔡維紘. "Limitation of Museum Exhibitions from ethics for Museums: A Case of "The Secret of Transparent Fish "Exhibition." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99z8z9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺南藝術大學
博物館學與古物維護研究所
106
This research began with a photo of the show in the class. The transparent fish in the photo is sealed in a row of test tubes. Each fish is red translucent state. Hundreds of transparent fish in a test tube, showing a different beauty. “The Secrets of Transparent Fish” exhibition from the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium. Using the translucent fish specimens used in biological research as a theme to introduce the production knowledge and related information of transparent fish specimens to the audience. Transparent biological specimens show various colors after dyeing, making the specimen look beautiful. In addition to presenting relevant knowledge, the exhibition uses a large number of specimens with the display of lighting effects, using a strong visual presentation to attract the audience's attention. However, it caused two very different sounds. The pros believe that this is a creative performance, and opponents believe that this is just a stack of corpses. Therefore, this research uses the ethical regulations of three international museums such as ICOM, AAM, and MA as well as domestic and foreign literature and ethics dispute cases. Taking museum display ethics as an analysis object, use case studies, interviews, questionnaires, and other research methods to discuss the specimen display techniques used in the special exhibition "The Secrets of Transparent Fish". Analysis of the appropriateness of museum display and the boundaries of museum display ethics. According to the study summarizing the conclusions of two parts as follows. The first is that when museums display specimens, they must focus on the display of specimens, not just as an ornament. And regarding the number of uses, according to the analysis of the audience survey, it is best to use 3-5 pieces of single exhibits. The main reason is that the information is clearly presented and the specimens are clearly visible. In addition, when displaying specimens, the museum must provide complete information to avoid viewers' doubts about the museum's use of specimens. The second is that museum display ethics is actually a part of museum ethics practice. The display of ethics is not only the internal rules of museum ethics, but also the social ethics. The main points of display ethics are the nine principles of exhibitions, display interpretations and exhibits. The definition of sensitive exhibits cannot be limited to human remains and religious tokens.Therefore, use this study as a stepping stone for future related research. Expect more perfect museum ethics, make the museum more progressive and play a greater social force.
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"Ethik, Integrität und Korruption : Neue Herausforderungen im sich wandelnden öffentlichen Sektor?" Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/699/.
Full textAbstract:
Im öffentlichen Sektor hat, wie wir wissen, in den letzten 10-20 Jahren ein erheblicher Wandel stattgefunden. Die staatlichen Strukturen haben sich immer mehr ausdifferenziert und öffentliche Leistungen werden in sehr unterschiedlichen Erledigungsformen erbracht. Ein beachtlicher Teil der Leistungen ist auf private Dritte ausgelagert oder ganz privatisiert worden. Zudem haben sich verschiedene Muster von öffentlich-privaten Kooperationen herausgebildet. Verwaltungen und öffentliche Unternehmen wurden unter verstärkten Leistungsdruck und Wettbewerb gesetzt. All das führte zu einer weithin wahrnehmbaren Ökonomisierung und „Managerialisierung“ des öffentlichen Sektors, die verständlicherweise auch Werte und Verhaltensweisen der öffentlich Beschäftigten beeinflusst hat. Daraus ergeben sich ohne Zweifel erhebliche Konsequenzen für die Integrität der Akteure im öffentlichen Sektor sowie für deren Korruptionsanfälligkeit.Das Buch führt wesentliche Argumentationsstränge und Praxiserfahrungen zum Thema „Ethik, Integrität und Korruption im öffentlichen Sektor“ aus dem Blickwinkel der sich wandelnden Rahmenbedingungen und Strukturfaktoren zusammen.
Aus dem Inhalt:
Manfred Röber:
„Managerialisierung“ als Herausforderung für die Integrität der öffentlichen Verwaltung
Patrick von Maravic:
Dezentrale Korruptionsrisiken als Folge der Transformation des öffentlichen Sektors?
Thomas Edeling:
Die Korrumpierung bedarfswirtschaftlichen Handelns in öffentlichen Unternehmen
Christoph Demmke:
Öffentliche Meinung, Ethik und die Reform der öffentlichen Dienste in Europa
Uwe Bekemann:
ex-post Prüfung vs. ex-ante Beratung. Wandel der Rechnungsprüfungsämter als Reaktion auf neue Korruptionsrisiken?!
Woydt, Justus:
Der Integrity Pact von Transparency International
Elshorst, Hansjörg:
Ergänzende Gedanken aus der Sicht von Transparency International
42
Carvalho, Otília da Conceição Leitão. "A proteção do jornalista: a (re)equação da liberdade de consciência e independência, direitos e deveres num novo espaço público." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22782.
Full textAbstract:
Será que a livre consciência e a independência do jornalista necessitam de uma proteção específica e reforçada, no contexto da apropriação cidadã das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação que potenciam o pluralismo e a democracia? Assumindo como convicção que os direitos dos jornalistas só existem para melhor cumprir os seus deveres para com o público, centramo-nos num dos direitos menos estudados do Estatuto do Jornalista - a independência e a cláusula de consciência. Este direito histórico, vigente em vários países, é protetor de um "status" transversal a todo o jornalismo. Em Portugal encontra-se no artigo 12.º do Estatuto do Jornalista e ancora-se no princípio de que o jornalista deve recusar atos que violentem a sua livre consciência e ofendam a sua dignidade. Na contemporaneidade onde surgem novos direitos e deveres do jornalista, como "le droit d'opposition", o dever de esquecimento, o "fact checking" e o dever de transparência, esta reflexão aborda a importância daquele direito de uma forma construtiva para os "media" e menos estigmatizante para o jornalista, num percurso onde a ética trilha um caminho global.
A investigação baseia-se numa triangulação metodológica de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, através estudo de casos, análise documental, inquéritos e entrevistas a peritos. Concluímos pela pertinência e pela atualidade da cláusula de consciência face ao espartilho laboral-económico que condiciona a liberdade do jornalista, no seu exercício profissional, mas também perscrutamos novos caminhos, novos direitos e novos valores e práticas nesta era globalizante, onde a produção noticiosa se “viraliza” nas redes sociais.Do the journalist's free conscience and independence need specific, reinforced protection in the new context of citizen ownership of the new information and communication technologies that enhance pluralism and democracy? Assuming that the rights of journalists exist only to better fulfill their duties to the public, we focus on one of the least studied rights of the Journalist Statute - the independence and conscience clause. This historical right that exists in several European countries, protects a status that is transverse to all journalism. In Portugal it is found in article 12 of the Journalist's Statute and is based on the principle that journalists should refuse acts that violate their free conscience and offend their dignity. In contemporary times where new rights and duties of the journalist arise, such as le droit opposition, the duty to forget, fact checking and the duty of transparency, this reflection addresses the importance of that right in a constructive way for the media and less stigmatizing for the journalist, in a path where Ethics follows a global path. The research is based on a methodological triangulation of qualitative and quantitative character, through case study, document analysis, surveys and interviews with experts. We conclude by the relevance and timeliness of the conscience clause regarding the labor-economic corset that conditions the freedom of the journalist in his professional practice, but we also look for new ways, new rights and new values and practices in this globalizing era, where news production goes viral on social media.
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Oksiutycz, Anna. "Organisational transparency in South African banking : an institutional field discourse analysis." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27115.
Full textAbstract:
Abstracts in English, Zulu and Southern SothoThis thesis examines organisational transparency in South African banking after the financial crisis of 2007-2009. The crisis upset the global economy and resulted in general mistrust in banks and the global financial system. In addition to poor governance standards, inadequate transparency was identified as a key issue to be addressed in order to prevent future crises. The nature and consequences of banking transparency became a matter of worldwide debate. While the extant literature focuses mainly on banking transparency in the context of accounting, this study uses a communication perspective, examining transparency as a dynamic social and organisational phenomenon that is constituted through and reflected in organisational discourse, with both symbolic and practical implications. The primary objective of this study was to establish how the discourse in the institutional field of banking in South Africa after the Financial Crisis shaped the construction of the meaning of transparency in banking, and consequently how organisational field level discourse contributed to the institutionalisation of transparency practices in South African banking. The study adapted several conceptual frameworks previously used in discourse studies in order to analyse a banking field discourse at meso-level. From the data analysis perspective, the qualitative content analysis was performed with the aid of ATLAS.ti 8 software. The sample for the study comprises 76 purposively selected documents produced by the actors within the institution field of banking from the onset of the Financial Crisis until 2018. This study underlines the importance of the discourse within the institutional field of banking in South Africa and the construction of what is normal, acceptable and expected in terms of banking transparency, and its institutionalisation, thus highlighting the historical and social embeddedness of banking transparency. The data analysis identifies the main discursive strands within the banking discourse: one that is focused on market conduct transparency and the other, which addresses the importance of banks’ transparency in maintaining stability in the financial system. The results also reveal multiple meanings of transparency in South African banking and draw attention to the historical and discursive events that trigger change in institutional fields.
Le thesisi iphenya ukusebenza shashalazi kwenhlangano eNingizimu Afrika ngemuva kwenhlekelele yezimali ukusukela ngo 2007 ukufika ngo 2009. Le nhlekelele yaguqula isimo somhlaba kwezomnotho yaze yadala izinga lokungasathembeki kwamabhangi nohlelo lwezimali emhlabeni wonke. Ukwengeza phezu kwamazinga angagculisi okuphathwa kwamabhizinisi, ukungasebenzi shashalazi ngokwanele kuye kwabonwa njengodaba oluyinkinga okufanele luxazululwe ukugwema izinkinga esikhathini esizayo. Ubunjalo besimo kanye nemiphumela yohlelo olushashalazi lwemboni yezamabhangi kugcine sekuba wudaba oluxoxwa umhlaba wonke. Njengoba umbhalo wobuciko okhona ugxile kakhulu phezu kohlelo olushashalazi lwamabhangi kweze-accounting, lolu cwaningo lusebenzisa umqondo wezokuxhumana, luhlola uhlelo olushashalazi njengohlelo lwenhlangano yomphakathi oluguqukayo futhi olwakhekayo, kanti lolu hlelo lubonakala njengodaba lwenhlangano, ngendlela yophawu nangendlela ephathekayo. Inhloso yokuqala yalolu cwaningo kwabe kukuthola indlela lesi sifundo emkhakheni weziko lezamabhangi eNingizimu Afrika ngemuva kokuthi iziNhlekelele zeZimali zishintshe isakhiwo sencazelo yegama lokusebenza shashalazi kwezamabhangi, bese ekugcineni ingabe udaba lwezinga lomkhakha wenhlangano lube negalelo elinjani ekwakhiweni kwezingqubo zohlelo olushashalazi embonini yezamabhangi eNingizimu Afrika. Ucwaningo luguqule izakhiwo zegama ezimbalwa ebezisetshenziswa esikhathini esedlule ezifundweni zocwaningo ukuhlaziya udaba lomkhakha wezamabhangi ezingeni lomhlaba. Ngokomqondo wokuhlaziywa kwedatha, ukuhlaziywa ngendlela egxile kwingxoxo yolwazi olumumethwe kwenziwa ngosizo lwe-ATLAS.ti 8 software. Isampula yocwaningo iqukethe imibhalo engama-76 ekhethwe ngenhloso ekhiqizwe ngabadlali abangaphakathi komkhakha weziko lezamabhangi ngesikhathi sokuqala kweNhlekelele yeZezimali ukufika ngonyaka ka 2018. Ucwaningo lugcizelela ukubaluleka kwesifundo esingaphakathi komkhakha weziko lezamabhangi kanye nokwakhiwa kwalokho okuthathwa ukuthi kujwayelekile, kuyamukeleka futhi kulindelwe mayelana nohlelo lokusebenza shashalazi kwamabhangi, kanye nokkwakhiwa kwalolu hlelo, ngakho-ke lokhu kuveza umlando kanye kanye nabantu ohlelweni lokusebenza shashalazi kwezamabhangi. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwenze ukuthi kuphawuleke izimpawu ezibalulekile ezidukisayo ngaphakathi kohlelo lwezamabhangi; olunye lugxile phezu kohlelo olushashalazi mayelana nokuziphatha kwamabhangi, kanti olunye lubhekene nokubaluleka kohlelo olushashalazi kwezamabhangi ngenhloso yokugcina ingqubo ezinzile ohlelweni lwezezimali. Imiphumela nayo iveza izincazelo eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza shashalazi kwamabhangi eNingizimu Afrika kanye nokuxwayisa ngomlando nangezehlakalo ezidukisayo eziphembelela ukuthi kube nezinguquko emikhakheni yamaziko.
Phuputso ena e hlahloba ponaletso ya mokgatlo lekaleng la dibanka tsa Afrika Borwa kamora koduwa ya ditjhelete ya ho tloha 2007 ho isa ho 2009. Koduwa ena e ile ya ferekanya moruo wa lefatshe mme ya fella ka ho se tsheptjwe ha dibanka le tsamaiso ya ditjhelete ya lefatshe. Ntle le maemo a mabe a puso, ponaletso e sa lekanang e ile ya hlwauwa e le taba ya mantlha e lokelang ho rarollwa ho thibela mathata a kamoso. Sebopeho le ditlamorao tsa ponaletso ya dibanka ebile taba ya puisano ya lefatshe ka bophara. Leha dingodilweng tse fumanehang hona jwale di shebile ponaletso ya dibanka haholo-holo maemong a ho boloka dibuka, phuputso ena e sebedisa pono ya puisano, e lekolang ponaletso e le taba e matla ya phedisano le mokgatlo e hlophisitsweng ka, mme e bontshitswe puong ya mokgatlo, ka diphello tsa matshwao le tse sebetsang ka bobedi. Morero wa mantlha wa phuputso ena e ne e le ho tiisa hore na puo lefapheng la dibanka Afrika Borwa kamora Koduwa ya Ditjhelete e thehile kaho ya moelelo wa ponaletso dibankeng jwang, le hore na puo ya boemo ba mokgatlo e kentse letsoho jwang ho hlophiseng mekgwa ya ponaletso dibankeng tsa Afrika Borwa. Phuputso e ile ya hlophisa meralo e mmalwa e neng e sebedisitswe diphuputsong tse fetileng tsa dipuo e le ho manolla puo ya lekala la dibanka maemong a bohareng. Ho latela pono ya manollo ya lesedi, manollo ya boleng ba dikateng e entswe ka thuso ya software ya ATLAS.ti 8. Sampole ya phuputso e na le ditokomane tse kgethilweng ka boomo tse 76 tse hlahisitsweng ke ba amehang lefapheng la dibanka ho tloha qalong ya Koduwa ya Ditjhelete ho fihlela 2018. Phuputso ena e totobatsa bohlokwa ba puo kahare ho lefapha la dibanka Afrika Borwa le kaho ya se tlwaelehileng, se amohelehang le se lebelletsweng mabapi le ponaletso ya dibanka, le tlhophiso ya yona ka hona ho totobatsa ho kenella ha nalane le phedisano ho ponaletso ya dibanka. Manollo ya lesedi e hlwaya dikarolwana tse ka sehloohong tse ka hare ho puo ya banka: e nngwe e shebane le ponaletso ya boitshwaro ba mmaraka, ha e nngwe e bua ka bohlokwa ba ponaletso ya dibanka ho boloka botsitso tsamaisong ya ditjhelete. Diphetho di boetse di senola ditlhaloso tse ngata tsa ponaletso dibankeng tsa Afrika Borwa le ho lebisa tlhokomelo diketsahalong tsa nalane le tse amanang le puo tse bakang phetoho makaleng a ditsi.
Communication Science
D. Phil. (Communication)
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Oliveira, Adelino Francisco de. "A transformação das relações de poder a partir da experiência do mandamento do amor : uma aproximação filosófica à perícope de João 13, 1-20 sob a perspectiva da analítica do poder de Michel Foucault." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/12603.
Full textAbstract:
A presente tese doutoral tem como perspectiva desenvolver, à luz dos pressupostos da filosofia, investigação e pesquisa da temática A transformação das relações de poder a partir da experiência do mandamento do amor – uma aproximação filosófica à perícope de João 13, 1-20 sob a perspectiva da analítica do poder de Michel Foucault.
Em diálogo com o pensamento de Foucault, a pesquisa propõe uma análise filosófica da cena do lava-pés, compreendida como narrativa histórica, que contempla em seu bojo, dinâmicas de relações cotidianas vividas pela comunidade joanina.
Nos indícios e vestígios de vida cotidiana, o texto joanina revela relações transparentes, alicerçadas no princípio ético do amor e na prática moral do serviço. Tais posturas indicam, representam a anulação e superação da lógica do poder microfísico, calcado na dinâmica de relações de força. O amor descortina-se, na perícope joanina 13,1-20, como dimensão ontológica, suplantando a compreensão de uma ontologia sedimentada no exercício do poder.This doctorate thesis aims to develop a philosophical investigation and research around the following theme: The transformation of the relationship of power from the Love commandment standpoint – a philosophical approach to John 13, 1-20 pericope under Michel Foulcault’s analytical reading of the economy of power. Through a dialogue with Foucault’s thought, the research offers a philosophical analysis of the Washing of the feet event, understood as a historical narrative, which contemplates in its core, everyday dynamics lived by John’s community. In its evidences and vestiges of daily life, John’s text reveals transparent relationships, based on the ethical principle of love and the work moral practice. These pose and represent the annulment and overcoming of the microphysics-power logic, supported by the relationship of power dynamics. Love is unveiled, on John 13,1-20 pericope, as an anthological dimension, exceeding the comprehension of an ontology grounded on the use of power.
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Cardoso, Bárbara Lavrador Rolo Barata. "Content with less : a netnographic study on the slow fashion online community." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29690.
Full textAbstract:
The slow fashion movement is gaining prominence as consumers have become alerted to the fashion industry’s practices. In a fast-fashion dominated industry, slow fashion proposes a holistic outlook on fashion, considering garment’s movement throughout the supply chain. It advocates an ethically conscious and environmentally aware fashion, ensuring transparent production systems. The present dissertation aims to study the slow fashion online community resorting to netnography. Deviating from previous academic research focused on slow fashion definition, the present research uncovers slow fashion’s meaning to its advocates and common practices. Results demonstrate how slow fashion’s adoption is consensually perceived as a journey and identified its drivers and barriers. The slow movement weights circular fashion and anti-consumerism principles aiming for self-contentment with less. It contributes to current academic discussion on fashion brand’s trust, unveiling skeptical and defrauded consumers that resort to alternative means to evaluate corporations’ credibility. Mistrust in brands is aggravated by the inexistence of an organization nor government body which regulates fashion industry guidelines. Transparency was appointed to lessen the perceived deception greenwashing exerts on brand attitude and perceived company performance. Implications suggest a strategy focused on transparent communication and consumer education, namely on how to increase garments durability.O movimento slow fashion está a ganhar proeminência, uma vez que, os consumidores têm sido alertados para as práticas da indústria da moda. Sendo a indústria dominada por fast fashion, o movimento slow fashion propõe uma visão holística, considerando o movimento do item de vestuário pela cadeia de distribuição. O movimento defende uma moda eticamente consciente e sustentável que garanta sistemas de produção transparentes. A presente dissertação pretende estudar a comunidade online de slow fashion, recorrendo ao método de netnografia. Desviando-se de estudos anteriores, que se focaram na definição de slow fashion, a presente dissertação revela o significado de slow fashion para os consumidores, bem como práticas comuns. Resultados demonstram que a adoção de slow fashion é, consensualmente, encarada como uma jornada; revelando, ainda, motivações e barreiras. O movimento slow fashion combina princípios de moda circular e anti consumismo, visando a satisfação com menos. A dissertação contribui para a atual discussão académica, relativa à confiança em marcas de moda, revelando consumidores céticos e defraudados, que recorrem a meios alternativos para avaliarem a credibilidade das empresas. A desconfiança sentida por marcas de moda é agrava pela inexistência de organizações ou corpos governamentais que regulem diretrizes. Transparência foi apontada por reduzir a deceção causada pelo greenwashing relativamente à atitude face às marcas e desempenho empresarial. Implicações sugerem uma estratégia focada em comunicações transparentes e educação do consumidor, nomeadamente de como estender o ciclo de vida de peças de vestuário.
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Sá, Inácia Daeparim Mango Fernandes. "Os mecanismos de responsabilidade na Administração Pública na perspetiva da boa governação." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15348.
Full textAbstract:
Nesta dissertação pretendemos efetuar uma análise da Administração
Pública, à luz do princípio da boa governação, num Estado responsável, estabelecendo
um diálogo entre conceitos como a cidadania, democracia, ética, transparência,
"accountability" e responsabilidade, pois são princípios que devem ser vistos como
valores indissociáveis da Administração Pública, bem como princípios de eficiência e
eficácia, visto que, a Administração Pública é o elemento de ligação entre o cidadão e o
governo, cujo objetivo principal é a satisfação das necessidades coletivas.
Quando falamos de boa governação, falamos do respeito pelos valores defendidos
pela Democracia e pelo Estado de Direito, e, consequentemente, dos Direitos Humanos.In this dissertation we intend to carry out an analysis of the Public Administration, in the light of the principle of good governance, in a responsible State, establishing a dialogue between concepts such as citizenship, democracy, ethics, transparency, accountability and responsibility, since they are principles that must be seen as values inseparable from the Public Administration, as well as principles of efficiency and effectiveness, since the Public Administration is the link between citizen and government, whose main objective is the satisfaction of collective needs.