Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transparent and conducting material

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Academic literature on the topic 'Transparent and conducting material'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Transparent and conducting material"

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Ginley, David S., and Clark Bright. "Transparent Conducting Oxides." MRS Bulletin 25, no. 8 (August 2000): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2000.256.

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In the interim between the conception of this issue of MRS Bulletin on transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) and its publication, the remarkable applications dependent on these materials have continued to make sweeping strides. These include the advent of larger flat-screen high-definition televisions (HDTVs), larger and higher-resolution screens on portable computers, the increasing importance of low emissivity (“low-e”) and electrochromic windows, a significant increase in the manufacturing of thin-film photovoltaics (PV), and a plethora of new hand-held and smart devices, all with smart displays.1-7 Coupled with the increased importance of TCO materials to these application technologies has been a renaissance over the last two years in the science of these materials. This has included new n-type materials, the synthesis of true p-type materials, and the theoretical prediction and subsequent confirmation of the applicability of codoping to produce p-type ZnO. Considering that over the last 20 years much of the work on TCOs was empirical and focused on ZnO and variants of InxSn1-xO2, it is quite remarkable how this field has exploded. This may be a function of not only the need to achieve higher performance levels for these devices, but also of the increasing importance of transition-metal-based oxides in electro-optical devices. This issue of MRS Bulletin is thus well timed to provide an overview of this rapidly expanding area. Included are articles that cover the industrial perspective, new n-type materials, new p-type materials, novel deposition methods, and approaches to developing both an improved basic understanding of the materials themselves as well as models capable of predicting performance limits.
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ViolBarbosa, Carlos, Julie Karel, Janos Kiss, Ovidiu-dorin Gordan, Simone G. Altendorf, Yuki Utsumi, Mahesh G. Samant, et al. "Transparent conducting oxide induced by liquid electrolyte gating." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 40 (September 19, 2016): 11148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611745113.

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Optically transparent conducting materials are essential in modern technology. These materials are used as electrodes in displays, photovoltaic cells, and touchscreens; they are also used in energy-conserving windows to reflect the infrared spectrum. The most ubiquitous transparent conducting material is tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), a wide-gap oxide whose conductivity is ascribed to n-type chemical doping. Recently, it has been shown that ionic liquid gating can induce a reversible, nonvolatile metallic phase in initially insulating films of WO3. Here, we use hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry to show that the metallic phase produced by the electrolyte gating does not result from a significant change in the bandgap but rather originates from new in-gap states. These states produce strong absorption below ∼1 eV, outside the visible spectrum, consistent with the formation of a narrow electronic conduction band. Thus WO3 is metallic but remains colorless, unlike other methods to realize tunable electrical conductivity in this material. Core-level photoemission spectra show that the gating reversibly modifies the atomic coordination of W and O atoms without a substantial change of the stoichiometry; we propose a simple model relating these structural changes to the modifications in the electronic structure. Thus we show that ionic liquid gating can tune the conductivity over orders of magnitude while maintaining transparency in the visible range, suggesting the use of ionic liquid gating for many applications.
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Ramya, K. "Radar Absorbing Material (RAM)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.450.

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This paper briefly outlines the research and development activities in radar absorbing materials. Military defense scientists to the possibility of using coating materials to render aircraft or other military vehicles less visible to radar and, preferably, to control such visibility. The highly conducting surface of a metal vehicle is an excellent reflector of radar, but an absorbing layer would suppress the radar signal at the receiver station. Radar absorbing material currently in military and commercial use are typically composed of high concentrations of iron powders in a polymer matrix. These materials are both very heavy and very costly, two key limitations to their adoption for many applications. The performance of these coatings, particularly those using spherical particles, is dependent upon how closely the spheres are packed together. Thus the most efficient coating would be one approaching the density of solid iron with a minimum amount of resin included to electrically insulate the particles from one another. That is, the attenuation efficiency increases faster than the weight, so that a thinner coating with the same attenuation, can be used, providing an overall weight savings. Unfortunately, the particles, when produced, are of non-uniform diameter and not necessarily uniformly round. A window member composed of a transparent resin or inorganic glass with a transparent conducting film such as gold or ITO coated, is used as an electromagnetic wave shield window for stealth aircraft. However, the transparent conducting film, especially ceramic transparent conducting film such as ITO does not deform sufficiently to follow the deformation of the window material. Therefore the transparent conducting film might crack even with relatively little deformation, which can occur during an actual flight.
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Hakobyan, Nune H., Hakob L. Margaryan, Valeri K. Abrahamyan, Vladimir M. Aroutiounian, Arpi S. Dilanchian Gharghani, Amalya B. Kostanyan, Timothy D. Wilkinson, and Nelson Tabirian. "Electro-optical characteristics of a liquid crystal cell with graphene electrodes." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (December 28, 2017): 2802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.279.

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In liquid crystal devices (LCDs) the indium tin oxide (ITO) films are traditionally used as transparent and conductive electrodes. However, today, due to the development of multichannel optical communication, the need for flexible LCDs and multilayer structures has grown. For this application ITO films cannot be used in principle. For this problem, graphene (an ultrathin material with unique properties, e.g., high optical transparency, chemical inertness, excellent conductivity) is an excellent candidate. In this work, the electro-optical and dynamic characteristics of a liquid crystal (LC) cell with graphene and ITO transparent conducting layers are investigated. To insure uniform thickness of the LC layer, as well as the same orientation boundary conditions, a hybrid LC cell containing graphene and ITO conductive layers has been prepared. The characteristics of LC cells with both types of conducting layers were found to be similar, indicating that graphene can be successfully used as a transparent conductive layer in LC devices.
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van Deelen, J., L. A. Klerk, M. Barink, H. Rendering, P. Voorthuijzen, and A. Hovestad. "Improvement of transparent conducting materials by metallic grids on transparent conductive oxides." Thin Solid Films 555 (March 2014): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.08.016.

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Sharma, T. P., and C. P. Pandey. "Transparent conducting films." Bulletin of Materials Science 7, no. 2 (July 1985): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02744421.

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Miyata, Seizo, Takeaki Ojio, and Yun Eon Whang. "Transparent conducting polymers." Synthetic Metals 19, no. 1-3 (March 1987): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(87)90519-4.

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Lewis, Brian G., and David C. Paine. "Applications and Processing of Transparent Conducting Oxides." MRS Bulletin 25, no. 8 (August 2000): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2000.147.

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The first report of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) was published in 1907, when Badeker reported that thin films of Cd metal deposited in a glow discharge chamber could be oxidized to become transparent while remaining electrically conducting. Since then, the commercial value of these thin films has been recognized, and the list of potential TCO materials has expanded to include, for example, Al-doped ZnO, GdInOx, SnO2, F-doped In2O3, and many others. Since the 1960s, the most widely used TCO for optoelectronic device applications has been tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). At present, and likely well into the future, this material offers the best available performance in terms of conductivity and transmissivity, combined with excellent environmental stability, reproducibility, and good surface morphology. The use of other TCOs in large quantities is application-specific. For example, tin oxide is now widely used in architectural glass applications.
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Li, Peng, Xingzhen Yan, Jiangang Ma, Haiyang Xu, and Yichun Liu. "Highly Stable Transparent Electrodes Made from Copper Nanotrough Coated with AZO/Al2O3." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 3811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.11879.

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Due to their high flexibility, high conductivity and high transparency in a wide spectrum range, metal nanowires and meshes are considered to be two of the most promising candidates to replace the traditional transparent conducting films, such as tin doped indium oxide. In this paper, transparent conducting films made from copper nanotroughs are prepared by the electrospinning of polymer fibers and subsequent thermal evaporation of copper. The advantages of the technique include low junction resistance, low cost and low preparation temperature. Although the copper nanotrough transparent conducting films exhibited a low sheet resistance (19.2 Ω/sq), with a high transmittance (88% at 550 nm), the instability of copper in harsh environments seriously hinders its applications. In order to improve the stability of the metal transparent conducting films, copper nanotroughs were coated with 39 nm thick aluminum-doped zinc oxide and 1 nm thick aluminum oxide films by atomic layer deposition. The optical and electrical measurements show that coating copper nanotrough with oxides barely reduces the transparency of the films. It is worth noting that conductive oxide coating can effectively protect copper nanotroughs from thermal oxidation or acidic corrosion, whilst maintaining the same flexibility as copper nanotroughs on its own.
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Coutts, Timothy J., David L. Young, and Xiaonan Li. "Characterization of Transparent Conducting Oxides." MRS Bulletin 25, no. 8 (August 2000): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2000.152.

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As the areas of the major applications of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) increase, demand will grow for materials having lower sheet resistance while retaining good optical properties. Simply increasing the film thickness is not acceptable because this would increase the optical absorptance. New materials must be developed with lower resistivities than previously achieved and with optical properties superior to those of the present generation of TCOs. This has now been recognized internationally, and novel materials are being investigated in Japan and the United States.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transparent and conducting material"

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Deyu, Getnet Kacha. "Defect Modulation Doping for Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI071.

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Le dopage des matériaux semi-conducteurs est une partie fondamentale de la technologie moderne. Les oxydes conducteurs transparents (TCO) constituent une famille de semi-conducteurs, qui sont optiquement transparents et électriquement conducteurs. La conductivité électrique élevée est généralement obtenue grâce à un dopage associant des impuretés de substitution hétérovalentes comme dans In2O3 dopé au Sn (ITO), SnO2 dopé au fluor (FTO) et ZnO dopé à l'Al (AZO). Cependant, ces approches classiques ont dans de nombreux cas atteint leurs limites tant en ce qui concerne la densité de porteurs de charge atteignable, que pour la valeur de la mobilité des porteurs de charge. Le dopage par modulation est un mécanisme qui exploite l'alignement de la bande d'énergie à une interface entre deux matériaux pour induire une densité de porteurs de charges libres dans l’un d’entre eux ; un tel mécanisme a permis de montrer dans certains cas que la limitation liée à la mobilité pouvait ainsi était évitée. Cependant, la limite de densité de porteuse ne peut pas être levée par cette approche, du fait de l'alignement des limites de dopage par défauts intrinsèques. Le but de ce travail était de mettre en œuvre cette nouvelle stratégie de dopage pour les TCO. La stratégie repose sur l’utilisation de large bande interdite pour doper la surface des couches de TCO, ce qui résulte à un piégeage du niveau de Fermi pour la phase dopante et à un positionnement du niveau de Fermi en dehors de la limite de dopage dans les TCO. La méthode est testée en utilisant un TCO comme In2O3 non dopé, In2O3 dopé au Sn et SnO2 phase hôte et Al2O3 et SiO2-x en tant que phase de dopant gap à large bande
The doping of semiconductor materials is a fundamental part of modern technology.Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are a group of semiconductors, which holds the features of being transparent and electrically conductive. The high electrical conductivity is usually obtained by typical doping with heterovalent substitutional impurities like in Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO), fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO) and Al-doped ZnO (AZO). However, these classical approaches have in many cases reached their limits both in regard to achievable charge carrier density, as well as mobility. Modulation doping, a mechanism that exploits the energy band alignment at an interface between two materials to induce free charge carriers in one of them, has been shown to avoid the mobility limitation. However, the carrier density limit cannot be lifted by this approach, as the alignment of doping limits by intrinsic defects. The goal of this work was to implement the novel doping strategy for TCO materials. The strategy relies on using of defective wide band gap materials to dope the surface of the TCO layers, which results Fermi level pinning at the dopant phase and Fermi level positions outside the doping limit in the TCOs. The approach is tested by using undoped In2O3, Sn-doped In2O3 and SnO2 as TCO host phase and Al2O3 and SiO2−x as wide band gap dopant phase
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O'Neil, David H. "Materials chemistry and physics of the transparent conducting oxides." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670028.

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Campion, Michael J. (Michael John). "Understanding the oxidation and reduction process in transparent conducting oxides." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121604.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 133-141).
Transparent conductors play important roles in many optoelectronic devices such as LEDs, thin film solar cells, and smart windows through their ability to efficiently transport both photons and electrons. Simultaneous requirements of a wide band gap, high free carrier concentration, and high electron mobility limits the selection of available transparent conductor materials. Further improvements in the optical and electrical properties, along with improvements in processing tolerance, are highly desirable for this material class. One key limitation of current transparent conducting oxides is their response to oxidation, which can cause severe decreases to the conductivity of the material through ionic compensation. Materials with slow oxygen kinetics or resistance to the formation of compensating ionic defects could lead to more flexible operating and processing conditions for applications requiring transparent conductors.
The properties of transparent conducting oxides, Al-doped ZnO and La-doped BaSnO₃, were examined through a variety of methods with a focus on the impact of processing on the free carrier concentration, electron transport, and optical properties. Al-doped ZnO was examined as a well-known alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO) that has been shown to be limited by relatively narrow processing conditions and large variances in reported properties. BaSnO₃ is a comparatively new material in the field of transparent conductors, attractive mainly due to its exceptionally high electron mobility for an oxide. Little is currently known about the nature of defects and processing on the optical and electrical properties of this material, but this information will be important to understand before implementing this material in practical devices.
For these materials, I examined the roles of oxygen stoichiometry and point defect formation in impacting properties and stability under both processing conditions and harsh operating conditions and explored the limitations and opportunities provided by these transparent conducting oxide systems. Al-doped ZnO thin films were produced by pulsed laser deposition under a variety of oxygen conditions demonstrating the strong dependence of free electron concentration and mobility on the oxidation state of the material. The free carrier absorption in the infrared photon range was measured and modeled and found to agree well with theory assuming ionized impurity scattering as the limiting electron scattering mechanism. These effects were understood through the framework of the formation of compensating zinc vacancies under oxidizing conditions, leading to decreases in the free electron concentration.
Atom probe tomography was applied to Al-doped ZnO thin films deposited on Si substrates, demonstrating an effective accumulation of Al near the ZnO/Si interface, but with no detected precipitation or agglomeration in the x-y plane of the film, even for heavily doped films. This was surprising due to the high concentration of Al-dopant in the material, exceeding the thermodynamic solubility limit of bulk ZnO. An accumulation of Al-dopant was observed at the ZnO/Si interface under multiple conditions, with the oxygen atmosphere during deposition and nature of the Si substrate affecting the degree of accumulation. Because transparent conductors are typically used to transfer charge through interfaces, understanding the nature and implications of this observed accumulation effect could be essential to understanding device performance.
La-doped and undoped BaSnO₃ thin films and bulk samples were tested for their electrical conductivity in-situ under various temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. In the undoped case, a p-type to n-type transition was observed at lower temperatures with decreasing oxygen partial pressure, with the behavior correlated to the formation and annihilation of oxygen and cation vacancies. Under donor-doping, a measurable, but weak n-type dependence of conductivity was demonstrated, pointing to a surprisingly weak role played by cation vacancy charge compensation over the measured temperature ranges. Compared to other similar oxide systems, compensation by cation vacancies would normally be expected to be strong under oxidizing conditions.
This is a key advantage for La-doped BaSnO₃ as a high temperature oxygen stable material compared to other competing materials that are more susceptible to conductivity degradation due to ionic compensation of the donor dopant under oxidizing conditions. This was directly demonstrated in the testing of the conductivity response of La-doped BaSnO₃ thin films that maintained high conductivity under a large range of oxygen and temperature conditions. Oxygen diffusion in the material was estimated from conductivity relaxation and further explored with oxygen tracer diffusion studies. These studies revealed an activation energy of 2 eV for the oxygen diffusion process, as well as a depth dependent diffusivity leading to depressed oxygen diffusivities near the surface. Study of epitaxial and polycrystalline thin films of La-doped BaSnO₃ revealed a difference in the rate of oxidation response of the conductivity.
Epitaxial thin films exhibited a weak power law dependence on temperature while polycrystalline thin films under oxidizing conditions exhibited an activation energy of 0.36 eV. This effect was attributed to the formation of narrow space charge regions at the grain boundaries under oxidizing conditions. Simultaneous measurements of the infrared transmission and electrical conductivity of thin films were performed as a means of correlating infrared transmission with conductivity at high temperatures under various controlled atmospheres. These two measurements were found to be strongly correlated and were demonstrated to be connected to the formation and annihilation of free carriers in the thin films. A novel measurement technique was explored in which the conductance response was measured across a substrate during pulsed laser deposition of Al-doped ZnO.
The measured conductance profile as a function of time was correlated to the expected growth regimes typical of an island growth mode, and the thickness dependence of resistivity was directly observed. Additional information about the growth conditions was obtained through conductance relaxation after single pulses, performed under different growth chamber atmospheres.
by Michael J. Campion.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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Colucci, Renan [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de um compósito contendo polímero condutor (PEDOT:PSS) e material ORMOSIL (GPTMS) com aplicação na fabricação de dispositivos eletroluminescentes." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141509.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Atualmente é possível fabricar dispositivos eletroluminescentes (EL) utilizando como material ativo uma dispersão de um pó eletroluminescente inorgânico em uma matriz polimérica condutora. Entretanto, esses materiais são quimicamente instáveis, o que impede a deposição de alguns materiais solúveis sobre eles, como por exemplo, eletrodos de tinta prata. Para solucionar este problema, desenvolvemos uma matriz condutora e quimicamente estável formada pelo polímero condutor poli(3,4-etileno dioxitiofeno):poliestireno sulfonado (PEDOT:PSS) e pelo material sílica-orgânico 3-glicidoxipropil trimetilsilano (GPTMS). Foram produzidos compósitos de PEDOT:PSS/GPTMS com diversas concentrações de PEDOT:PSS, com os quais foram produzidos filmes uniformes, insolúveis e com condutividade elétrica entre 2 S/cm e 400 S/cm. A dependência da condutividade elétrica destes materiais em função da temperatura e da concentração de PEDOT:PSS foi descrita pelo modelo de transporte de cargas variable range hopping (VRH-3D). Adicionando-se o material eletroluminescente (EL) inorgânico silicato de zinco dopado com manganês (Zn2SiO4:Mn) à matriz condutora de PEDOT:PSS/GPTMS foi obtido um compósito para a produção de dispositivos EL. Depositando-se este compósito EL sobre substratos de vidro contendo eletrodos transparentes de óxido de estanho e índio, foram obtidos dispositivos EL com tensão de operação de 30 V e eficiência luminosa de 1,3 cd/A. Além disso, a transmitância óptica e a resistência de folha de filmes do compósito condutor (PEDOT:PSS/GPTMS) foram avaliadas, demonstrando que este material apresenta propriedades compatíveis com a aplicação como eletrodo transparente. Por fim, foram produzidos dispositivos EL utilizando o compósito condutor PEDOT:PSS/GPTMS como eletrodos e o compósito EL PEDOT:PSS/GPTMS/ Zn2SiO4:Mn como material ativo. Com este experimento, foi demonstrada a possibilidade de fabricar dispositivos EL por rota líquida, onde o compósito PEDOT:PSS/GPTMS foi utilizado tanto para a fabricação dos eletrodos como para a produção do material ativo do dispositivo.
It is possible to fabricate light-emitting (LE) devices with LE composites as active material. These light-emitting composites are produced with a LE inorganic powder dispersed into a conducting polymer matrix. However, these composites are chemically unstable, limiting the deposition of soluble materials over it. To overcome this problem we developed a high-stability conductive matrix comprising the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and the organic-silicate 3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS). Composites PEDOT:PSS/GPTMS with diverse weight concentrations of PEDOT:PSS were produced and used to fabricate high-stability films with electrical conductivity from 2 S/cm up to 400 S/cm. The charge transport in these conductive composites were studied as function of the temperature, as well as of the PEDOT:PSS concentration, and described by the 3D variable range hopping model. A light-emitting composite was produced adding to this conductive composite the inorganic electroluminescent powder Mn-doped zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4:Mn). Light-emitting devices, with turn-on voltage of 30 V and luminous efficacy of 1.3 cd/A, were produced with a coating of the developed LE composite done over glass substrates containing indium tin oxide transparent electrodes. Additionally, the optical transmittance and sheet resistance of films produced with the conductive composite PEDOT:PSS/GPTMS were evaluated showing that this material is suitable to fabricate transparent electrodes. Finally, were produced light-emitting devices employing the conductive composite PEDOT:PSS/GPTMS as electrodes and the light-emitting composite PEDOT:PSS/GPTMS/ Zn2SiO4:Mn as active material. This experiment has shown the fabrication of solution-processed light-emitting devices using the composite PEDOT:PSS/GPTMS as transparent electrode and as component of the active material.
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Kainikkara, Vatakketath Rithwik. "Investigation of the Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) material used in CIGS thin film solar cell in Midsummer AB." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för elektroteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423109.

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Deyu, Getnet Kacha [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Klein, and Lambert [Akademischer Betreuer] Alff. "Defect Modulation Doping for Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials / Getnet Kacha Deyu ; Andreas Klein, Lambert Alff." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205070095/34.

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Amooali, Khosroabadi Akram. "Optical and Electrical Properties of Composite Nanostructured Materials." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333480.

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A novel lithographic fabrication method is used to fabricate nanopillars arrays of anisotropic Ag and TCO electrodes. Optical and electrical properties of the electrodes including bandgap, free carrier concentration, resistivity and surface plasmon frequency of different electrodes can be tuned by adjusting the dimensions and geometry of the pillars. Given the ability to tune the nonlocal responses of the plasmonic field enhancements, we attempt to determine the nature of the effective refractive index profile within the visible wavelength region for multi-layer hybrid nanostructures. Knowledge of the effective optical constants of the obtained structure is critical for various applications. nanopillars of TCO\Ag core shell structures have been successfully fabricated. The Maxwell-Garnett mixing law has been used to determine the optical constants of the nanostructure based on spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements. Simulated reflection spectra indicate a down shift in the Brewster angle of the pillars resulting from the reduction in the effective refractive index of the nanostructure. Two plasmonic resonances were observed, with one in the visible region and the other in the IR region. Plasmon hybridization model is used to describe the behavior of metal and metal oxide core shell nanostructured electrodes. Different charge density distributions around the pillars determine the plasma frequency which depends on the core and surrounding media dielectric constants. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation of different structures agree well with experiment and help us to understand electric field behavior at different structures with different geometries and dielectric constants. Plasmonic Ag nanopillar arrays are effective substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). An enhancement factor up to 6 orders of magnitude is obtained. Monolayers of C60 is deposited on the Ag nanopillars and the interface of C60/Ag is studied which is important in optoelectronic devices. Electron delocalization between C60 and Ag is confirmed.
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Martin, Alexis. "Conception et étude d'antennes actives optiquement transparentes : de la VHF jusqu'au millimétrique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S126/document.

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Avec le développement de l’internet des objets et l’augmentation des applications sans fil, les antennes sont de plus en plus présentes au quotidien. Cependant, l’implantation de ces antennes est un challenge tant d’un point de vue technologique (intégration des antennes dans les dispositifs), que psychologique (acceptabilité des antennes par le grand public). Dans ce contexte, le développement d’antennes optiquement transparentes permet non seulement leur implantation sur de nouvelles surfaces (vitrages d’immeubles, écrans de smartphones ...), mais promeut aussi leur acceptabilité par le grand public grâce à leur faible impact visuel. Ce travail présente la conception, la fabrication et la caractérisation d’antennes actives optiquement transparentes. Le matériau transparent et conducteur utilisé est un maillage métallique à pas micrométrique développé spécifiquement, alliant conductivité électrique et transparence optique élevées. Dans ce cadre, un premier prototype d’antenne transparente et miniature en bande FM utilisant un transistor MESFET de dimensions sub-millimétriques a été réalisé. Des antennes agiles en fréquence en bande X (~10 GHz) couplées, soit à une diode varicap localisée (agilité ~10%), soit à un matériau ferroélectrique (agilité ~2%), ont été développées et étudiées. Une antenne passive transparente a été conçue en bande V (~60 GHz). Enfin, une transition optique (1540 nm) / hyperfréquence (1,4 GHz) a été réalisée et caractérisée, basée sur la transmission optique d’un faisceau laser au travers du matériau constitutif de l’antenne. Pour l’ensemble des prototypes réalisés, une transparence optique supérieure à 80% dans le domaine du visible associée à une résistance par carré inférieure à 0,1 ohm/sq ont été utilisées
Within the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the increase of the wireless communications, antennas are even more present on everyday life. However, antenna implementation is a real challenge, from a technological point of view (antenna integration into the devices) and from a psychological point of view (acceptability by the general public). Within this framework, the development of optically transparent antennas on new surfaces (glass windows, smartphone screens . . . ) is of great interest to improve the network coverage and to assist the general public in acceptability thanks to the low visual impact of such printed antennas. The present work deals with the design, the fabrication and the characterization of optically transparent and active antennas. The transparent and conducting material used is a micrometric mesh metal film specifically developed, associating high electrical conductivity and high optical transparency. A first optically transparent and miniature FM antenna based on a MESFET transistor with micrometric size has been designed and fabricated. Frequency agile antennas operating in X-band (~10 GHz), based on a beam-lead varactor (agility ~10%) and on a ferroelectric material agility ~2%), have been developed and characterized. An optically transparent and passive antenna has been studied in V-band (~60 GHz). At last, optics (1540 nm) / microwave (1.4 GHz) transition has been performed based on the transmission of a laser beam through the transparent antenna. For all prototypes, an optical transparency level higher than 80% coupled with a sheet resistance value lower than 0.1 ohm/sq have been used
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Wang, Haihang. "PAOFLOW-Aided Computational Materials Design." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609102/.

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Functional materials are essential to human welfare and to provide foundations for emerging industries. As an alternative route to experimental materials discovery, computational materials designs are playing an increasingly significant role in the whole discovery process. In this work, we use an in-house developed python utility: PAOFLOW, which generates finite basis Hamiltonians from the projection of first principles plane-wave pseudopotential wavefunctions on pseudo atomic orbitals(PAO) for post-process calculation on various properties such as the band structures, density of states, complex dielectric constants, diffusive and anomalous spin and charge transport coefficients. In particular, we calculated the dielectric function of Sr-, Pb-, and Bi-substituted BaSnO3 over wide concentration ranges. Together with some high-throughput experimental study, our result indicates the importance of considering the mixed-valence nature and clustering effects upon substitution of BaSnO3 with Pb and Bi. We also studied two prototype ferroelectric rashba semiconductors, GeTe and SnTe, and found the spin Hall conductivity(SHC) can be large either in ferroelectric or paraelectric structure phase. Upon doping, the polar displacements in GeTe can be sustained up to a critical hole concentration while the tiny distortions in SnTe vanish at a minimal level of doping. Moreover, we investigated the sensitivity of two dimensional group-IV monochalcogenides to external strain and doping, which reveal for the first time giant intrinsic SHC in these materials, providing a new route for the design of highly tunable spintronics devices based on two-dimensional materials.
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Gayam, Sudhakar R. "High resistivity zinc stannate as a buffer layer in cds/cdte solar cells." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001061.

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Books on the topic "Transparent and conducting material"

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Levy, David, and Erick CastellÓn, eds. Transparent Conductive Materials. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527804603.

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Forum on New Materials (5th 2010 Montecatini Terme, Italy). New materials III: Transparent conducting and semiconducting oxides, solid state lighting, novel superconductors and electromagnetic metamaterials : proceedings of the 5th Forum on New Materials, part of CIMTEC 2010--12th International Ceramics Congress and 5th Forum on New Materials, Montecatini Terme, Italy, June 13-18, 2010. Stafa-Zuerich: Trans Tech Pubs. ltd. on behalf of Techna Group, 2011.

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Bergstein, Melvyn H. The art and craft of conducting depositions: Seminar material. New Brunswick, N.J: New Jersey Institute for Continuing Legal Education, 1994.

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Symposium, MM "Transparent Conducting Oxides and Applications." Transparent conducting oxides and applications: Symposium held November 29-December 3 [2010], Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Warrendale, Pa: Materials Research Society, 2012.

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Jain, S. C. Conducting organic materials and devices. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2007.

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Neuen, Donald. Choral concepts: Donald Neuen ; illustrative material by Piero Bonamico. Belmont, CA: Schirmer/Thomson Learning, 2002.

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Friendly, Martha. Assessing community need for child care: Resource material for conducting community needs assessments. Toronto: Childcare Resource and Research Unit, Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, 1989.

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library, Wiley online, ed. Electropolymerization: Concepts, materials and applications. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2010.

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Schopf, G. Polythiophenes: Electrically conductive polymers. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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Kizilov, Aleksandr. Fundamentals of accounting (fundamentals of theory, business situations, tests). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1038907.

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The textbook contains the basics of accounting theory, tasks for conducting practical classes on the course "Fundamentals of Accounting". In order to monitor the current study of the material on all topics, tests are provided to help students consolidate their knowledge, and teachers — to find out the degree of assimilation of the subject. The proposed material is presented not only in text, but also in drawings and diagrams that contribute to the effective perception of the course being studied. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For undergraduate students of all forms of education in the field of training 38.03.01 "Economics".
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Book chapters on the topic "Transparent and conducting material"

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Paine, David C., Hyo-Young Yeom, and Burag Yaglioglu. "Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials and Technology." In Flexible Flat Panel Displays, 79–98. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470870508.ch5.

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Sahu, D. R., Jow-Lay Huang, and S. Mathur. "Nanowire Based Solar Cell on Multilayer Transparent Conducting Films." In Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology VI, 45–53. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118217511.ch5.

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Granqvist, Claes-Göran. "Transparent Conducting and Chromogenic Oxide Films as Solar Energy Materials." In Oxide Ultrathin Films, 221–38. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527640171.ch10.

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Andrés, Alicia de, Félix Jiménez-Villacorta, and Carlos Prieto. "The Compromise Between Conductivity and Transparency." In Transparent Conductive Materials, 1–30. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527804603.ch1.

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Ellmer, Klaus, Rainald Mientus, and Stefan Seeger. "Metallic Oxides (ITO, ZnO, SnO2 , TiO2 )." In Transparent Conductive Materials, 31–80. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527804603.ch2_1.

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Fuchs, Peter, Yaroslav E. Romanyuk, and Ayodhya N. Tiwari. "Chemical Bath Deposition." In Transparent Conductive Materials, 81–103. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527804603.ch2_2.

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Chen, Chao, and Changhui Ye. "Metal Nanowires." In Transparent Conductive Materials, 105–31. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527804603.ch2_3.

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Salazar-Bloise, Félix. "Carbon Nanotubes." In Transparent Conductive Materials, 133–64. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527804603.ch3_1.

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Wu, Judy Z. "Graphene." In Transparent Conductive Materials, 165–92. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527804603.ch3_2.

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Abad, Jose, and Javier Padilla. "Transparent Conductive Polymers." In Transparent Conductive Materials, 193–244. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527804603.ch3_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transparent and conducting material"

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Woods-Robinson, Rachel, Xiaojie Xu, and Joel W. Ager. "Low-temperature synthesized, p-type transparent conducting material for PV devices." In 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2015.7355698.

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Lee, Ho Wai Howard. "Gate-tunable Transparent Conducting Oxide Plasmonics." In Novel Optical Materials and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/noma.2015.nm2c.3.

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Faghaninia, Alireza, Kunal Rajesh Bhatt, and Cynthia S. Lo. "Alloying ZnS to create transparent conducting materials." In 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2015.7355926.

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van Deelen, Joop, Andrea Illiberi, Arjan Hovestad, Ionut Barbu, Lennaert Klerk, and Pascal Buskens. "Transparent conducting materials: overview and recent results." In SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, edited by Louay A. Eldada. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.929685.

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Ferrer-Anglada, N. "Conducting transparent thin films based on Carbon Nanotubes — Conducting Polymers." In ELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC NANOSTRUCTURES: XVII International Winterschool/Euroconference on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1812156.

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Liu, Y., L. Huang, L. C. Ji, T. Wang, Y. Q. Xie, F. Liu, and A. Y. Liu. "Pulsed laser assisted reduction of graphene oxide as a flexible transparent conducting material." In 8th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference and Nanocarbon (2010 IVESC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivesc.2010.5644269.

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Boltasseva, Alexandra, Clayton DeVault, Vincenzo Bruno, Soham Saha, Zhaxylyk Kudyshev, Aveek Dutta, Stefano Vezzoli, Marcello Ferrera, Daniele Faccio, and Vladimir M. Shalaev. "Through the (conducting) looking-glass: transparent conducting oxides for nanophotonic applications (Conference Presentation)." In Oxide-based Materials and Devices X, edited by Ferechteh H. Teherani, David C. Look, and David J. Rogers. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2512275.

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Kim, J., N. Kinsey, C. DeVault, A. Dutta, M. Ferrera, V. Shalaev, and A. Boltasseva. "Transparent conducting oxides as dynamic materials at telecom wavelengths." In 2015 9th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics (METAMATERIALS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metamaterials.2015.7342438.

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Jayachandran, M., Esther S. Dali, Mary J. Chockalingam, and A. S. Lakshmanan. "Materials properties of transparent conducting MgIn2O4 semiconductor oxide powder." In Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation '97, edited by Carl M. Lampert, Claes G. Granqvist, Michael Graetzel, and Satyen K. Deb. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.279202.

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Vedder, Christian, Jochen Stollenwerk, Norbert Pirch, and Konrad Wissenbach. "Production technology for transparent and conducting nano layers." In ICALEO® 2008: 27th International Congress on Laser Materials Processing, Laser Microprocessing and Nanomanufacturing. Laser Institute of America, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5061416.

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Reports on the topic "Transparent and conducting material"

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Gordon, R. Characterization and comparison of optically transparent conducting films. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7248244.

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Coutts, T. J., X. Wu, and W. P. Mulligan. High performance transparent conducting films of cadmium indate prepared by RF sputtering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/296769.

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Silverman, Gary S., Martin Bluhm, James Coffey, Roman Korotkov, Craig Polsz, Alexandre Salemi, Robert Smith, et al. Application of Developed APCVD Transparent Conducting Oxides and Undercoat Technologies for Economical OLED Lighting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1020548.

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Martin Bluhm, James Coffey, Roman Korotkov, Craig Polsz, Alexandre Salemi, Robert Smith, Ryan Smith, et al. Application of Developed APCVD Transparent Conducting Oxides and Undercoat Technologies for Economical OLED Lighting. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1018511.

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Mason, T. O., R. P. H. Chang, T. J. Marks, and K. R. Poeppelmeier. Improved Transparent Conducting Oxides for Photovoltaics: Final Research Report, 1 May 1999--31 December 2002. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15004838.

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Mok, G. C., R. W. Carlson, S. C. Lu, and L. E. Fischer. Guidelines for conducting impact tests on shipping packages for radioactive material. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/145845.

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Podoprelov, Pavel, Nikolay Knapp, Khomidzhon Muratov, Dmitry Kolmykov, Roman Ledenev, and Pavel Skorodumov. TU-22M SOVIET LONG-RANGE SUPERSONIC MISSILE-BOMBER. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/gorbachev.0414.15042021.

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THE ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK IS INTENDED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE ON THE BASIS OF EDUCATIONAL TEXTS USING AUTHENTIC AUDIO MATERIALS ON THE MILITARY SPECIALTY, IMPROVING THE SKILLS OF CONDUCTING CONVERSATIONS ON PROFESSIONALLY-ORIENTED TOPICS. THE ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK CONTRIBUTES TO THE REPETITION AND SYSTEMATIZATION OF THE STUDIED LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL MATERIAL, THE FORMATION OF CADETS ' BASIC SKILLS OF WORKING WITH TEXTS OF THE MILITARY SPECIALTY, AS WELL AS SPEAKING SKILLS BASED ON THE INTRODUCED LEXICAL MATERIAL.
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Melanie, Haupt, and Hellweg Stefanie. Synthesis of the NRP 70 joint project “Waste management to support the energy turnaround (wastEturn)”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.2.en.

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A great deal of energy can be sourced both directly and indirectly from waste. For example, municipal waste with an energy content of around 60 petajoules is incinerated in Switzerland every year. The energy recovered directly from this waste covers around 4 % of the Swiss energy demand. However, the greatest potential offered by waste management lies in the recovery of secondary raw materials during the recycling process, thus indirectly avoiding the energy-intensive production of primary raw materials. In order to optimise the contribution to the energy turnaround made by waste management, as a first step, improvements need to be made with respect to the transparent documentation of material and cash flows, in particular. On the basis of this, prioritisation according to the energy efficiency of various recycling and disposal channels is required. Paper and cardboard as well as plastic have been identified as the waste fractions with the greatest potential for improvement. In the case of paper and cardboard, the large quantities involved result in considerable impact. With the exception of PET drinks bottles, plastic waste is often not separately collected and therefore offers substantial improvement potential. Significant optimisation potential has also been identified with regard to the energy efficiency of incineration plants. To allow municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants to use the heat they generate more effectively, however, consumers of the recovered steam and heat need to be located close by. A decisive success factor when transitioning towards an energy-efficient waste management system will be the cooperation between the many stakeholders of the federally organised sector. On the one hand, the sector needs to be increasingly organised along the value chains. On the other hand, however, there is also a need to utilise the freedom that comes with federal diversity in order to test different solutions.
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Improved Transparent Conducting Oxides Boost Performance of Thin-Film Solar Cells (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1009294.

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IL-76 SOVIET AND RUSSIAN HEAVY MILITARY TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT, DEVELOPED IN THE ILYUSHIN DESIGN BUREAU UNDER THE PROJECT AND UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF ACADEMICIAN G. V. NOVOZHILOV. SIB-Expertise, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0438.18052021.

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The electronic textbook is intended for the development of communicative competence based on educational texts using authentic audio materials on the military specialty, improving the skills of conducting conversations on professionally-oriented topics. The electronic textbook contributes to the repetition and systematization of the studied lexical and grammatical material, the formation of cadets ' basic skills of working with texts of the military specialty, as well as speaking skills based on the introduced lexical material.
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