Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transplantation de cellules fétales'
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Cattan, Pierre. "Apoptose et transplantation des cellules ß." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA11T013.
Full textGhazal, Khaldoun. "Le rôle des cellules T régulatrices en transplantation hépatique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066225/document.
Full textThe results of liver transplantation (LT) have improved significantly, but long-term graft survival is still a major concern for doctors. It depends on the rejection rates, the recurrence of hepatitis C, and the immunosuppressive treatment and its complications. After LT, the graft reinfection with HCV is constant, and the evolution of chronic hepatitis is faster and more aggressive when compared to the time course before transplantation. It has been suggested the regulatory T cells (Treg) are involved in the induction of tolerance after organ transplantation, and in the persistence of HCV infection by suppressing the HCV-specific T responses. Furthermore, the number and function of Treg are very likely influenced by the immunosuppressive therapy used after transplantation. In this context, my work focuses on the role of Treg cells in the evolution of liver transplantation, and the effects of different treatments used after LT (immunosuppressive and anti-HCV) on this population. The results of my thesis show that the Treg cells (Type-1 regulatory cells, Tr1, in particular) are predictive of the response to the anti-HCV treatment after LT, and that Treg cells are associated with severe evolution of recurrent hepatitis C. I show that mTOR inhibitors have a positive impact on the number of circulating Treg cells in patients who underwent a conversion of therapy from Tacrolimus to a mTOR inhibitor, and that calcinurine inhibitors have different effects on Treg suppressive activity in vitro. In conclusion, we bring evidences on the involvement of Treg cells in HCV recurrence and treatment failure after liver transplantation and in their interaction with immunosuppressive drugs
Dimicoli-Salazar, Sophie. "Conversion myogénique striée de cellules humaines non musculaires." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077057.
Full textTreatments for patients suffering from myopathies and cardiovascular diseases are not always very efficient. Therefore, injection in the diseased organs of some of their healthy precursors has been tested as possible replacement sources, with no significant improvement. Therefore, with all the enthusiasm linked to the stem cell plasticity phenomenon, the therapeutic efficiency of numerous other cell types has been experimentally tested, with modest myogenic conversion. Several teams have experimentally tested the efficacy of reprogrammed non myogenic cells by using factors which have a key role in muscle regulation. For skeletal muscle, Myf5 is a master gene. For heart myogenesis, Nkx2. 5, Gata4 and Tbx5 are important. In our work, we followed this strategy. In the skeletal muscle case, we used Myf5 to reprogram several primary human cells. Except for the haematopoietic stem cells (HSC), we observed promising results with skin fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), endothelial progenitors from umbilical cord blood. In thé heart muscle case, we co-transduce cells with Nkx2,5 and Gata4. We observe no change for HSC. Mesenchymal stem cells, HUVEC and satellite cells could only initiate cardiac transcriptional program. The combination of the three transgenes Nkx2. 5, Gata4 and Tbx5 in satellite cells could improve significantly the cardiac program activation. This work allows us to evaluate the myogenic potential of several reprogrammed primary human cells expressing particular transgenes. It opens discussion on the cell replacement therapy area and may give new informations on the transdifferenciation phenomenon
Rabesandratana, Oriane. "Les cellules ganglionnaires rétiniennes dérivées de cellules souches pluripotentes humaines : de la caractérisation à la transplantation." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS322.
Full textAmong the different treatments for optic neuropathies, cell therapy using transplantation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) is one of the most promising strategy. In this project, we validated the optimized production of RGCs from retinal organoids derived from four different hiPSC lines. Our methodology included a double selection process, comprising the culture of retinal dissociated cell in adherent conditions and a magnetic sorting protocol, based on the expression of surface antigen CD90/THY1. We identified enriched RGCs resulting from this double protocol, according morphological, molecular and functional properties. These results were validated for all four hiPSC lines, including a ubiquitous fluorescent reporter cell line, using Crispr/Cas9 strategy. Intravitreal injection of reporter hiPSC line-derived RGCs into an optic nerve crush mouse model led to a partial integration of surviving cells into the host retina establishing the possibility to performed RGC transplantation. This work will be continued in order to explore the capacity of hiPSC-derived RGCs to reconnect with both retinal partners and with the different targets in the brain
Le, Grand Fabien. "Les cellules embryonnaires : des outils pour la reconstruction musculaire squelettique." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2059.
Full textWe studied the myogenic potential of different types of mouse embryonic cells. In vitro myogenic commitment of dermomyotomal cells is modified when they are co-cultivated with osteogenic or neural cells from their microenvironment. The combination of these environmental cells is needed for successful development of dermomyotomal cells into adult transplanted muscle. Endothelial progenitor cells within embryonic skeletal muscles purified by magnetic-bead selection on the basis of CD34 expression, are able to differentiate into endothelial cells and skeletal myofibers in in vitro culture. When transplanted into an adult mdx mouse muscle, CD34+ cells display a high propensity to disperse within the recipient muscle, fuse with host fibers, restoring dystrophin expression
Lemoine, Roxane. "Propriétés régulatrices des cellules dendritiques humaines traitées par l’acide mycophénolique." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR3138/document.
Full textIn organ transplantation, host immune response against donor still remains a major cause of graft loss. A better control of allogeneic response through the induction of specific tolerance is a major goal in human transplantation. In this work, we explored the effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA, an immunosuppressive drug currently used in transplantation) on dendritic cell (DC) functions. We demonstrated that MPA inhibits DC ability to induce allogeneic cytotoxic CD8+ T cells through inhibition of interferon gamma synthesis in DC. Moreover, mycophenolic acid-treated dendritic cells (MPA-DC) are able to induce antigen-specific regulatory CD4+ T lymphocytes (iTreg) which can convert fully mature DC into tolerogenic DC. These iTreg decrease the expression of proteins associated with cytotoxic function (perforin and granzymes A and B), reduce IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells and inhibit their cytotoxic function in response to allogeneic stimulation. These results taken together suggest that human MPA-DC could be use in cellular therapy in order to promote allograft tolerance
Andrieu-Vidal, Isabelle. "Etude des phénomènes impliqués en regénération hépathique, en vue de favoriser l'implantation en transplantation d'hépatocytes." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2074.
Full textHepatocyte transplantation could become an interesting alternative to liver transplantation. In order to improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved in hepatocyte transplantation, we first elaborated different Nude mouse models of acute liver deficiency, by partial hepatectomy, D-galactosamine or thioacetamide treatment or liver apoptosis induced by a mouse specific anti-Fas antibody: Jo2. Rat hepatocyte transplantation was performed into these different models, it resulted in an engrafment rate similar to non-treated Nude mouse, except in the model of Nude mouse challenged by repeated sublethal Jo2 injections. In the latter mouse model, rat hepatocyte implantation was 7-fold higher better than in others. Genomic analysis revealed mainly ago-regulation of cell cycle genes associated with down-regulation of circadian genes known to be proliferative ones. This was interpreted as a Nude mouse cell cycle blockage, whereas rat hepatocytes could proliferate. This could correspond to a selective advantage model. In Nude mouse challenged by repeated sublethal Jo2 injections, transplantation of human hepatocytes resulted in a very low and inconsistant engrafment. Nevertheless, when posology ofJo2 infections was increased to perform repeated lethal liver deficiency challenges, human hepatocyte transplantation could improve survival rate. Surprisingly, genomic analysis revealed that there were no markers of selective advantage, but, on the contrary, there was ago-regulation of proliferation early genes and circadian genes, and absence of cell cycle blocker genes. Human hepatocyte transplantation acted as if it modified Nude mouse liver response to Jo2, which could explain improvement of survival. Absence of selective advantage and differences of self-species chronology could explain, at least partly, the failure of human hepatocyte engraftment. In conclusion, a successful engrafment of transplanted hepatocytes requires an environment in favour of interactions between transplated hepatocytes and host liver
Bouilland, Caroline. "Agression et réparation endothéliales en transplantation." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUENR06.
Full textChronic graft dysfunction-induced transplant arteriosclerosis is considered to constitute the main cause of mortality in cardiac transplantation. The TA protes is considered to be initiated by an immune and inflammatory attack of donor endothelial tell. In the present work, we show that early endothelial recovery may lirait intimai prolifération development in aortic allograft rat model. This reendothélialisation was induced by fucan, which mobilize bone marrow-derived progenitors tells and by autologous mononuclear bone marrow tell direct transfer. Systemic endothelial dysfunction, which mainly contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, is currently observed alter organ transplantation. Immunosuppressive therapies based on cyclosporine (CsA), a CNI agent, are probably a major factor causing vascular damage. The second part of this work demonstrates that MMF prevents the alteration in endothelial function and the enhanced sensitivity to vasoconstrictors related to CsA administration in a rat allograft aortic model through the restoration of NO availability
Taflin, Cécile. "Rôle de la cellule endothéliale dans la réponse immune en transplantation d'organe." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077088.
Full textEndothelial cells play a key role in the context of organ transplantation due to their localization within capillaries of the transplanted organ permitting direct contact with both antibodies of the graft recipient and with immune cells of the receiver potentially directed against the donor transplant. Endothelial cells have been extensively documented as a target of the key actors of humoral graft rejection, HLA class I and class II anti-donor antibodies. In addition they induce activation of alloreactive CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. Such allo-activation can lead to T cell proliferation, IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion ultimately resulting in acute cellular mediated graft rejection. This study examined the mechanisms of allo-activation of CD4+ T cells by human endothelial cells and determined whether such activation was modified in the presence of HLA class II allo-antibodies. We have developed a model of allo-reaction between human dermal microvascular endothelial cells and CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. This model allowed us to demonstrate that HLA class II expressing microvascular endothelial cells induce expansion of both Th17 (T CD4⁺IL-17⁺) and Treg (T CD4⁺CD45RA⁻FoxP3bright) populations. Amplification of Treg was secondary to their proliferation and dependent on the expression of ICAM-1 on the endothelial cell whereas amplification of Th17 was IL-6/STAT-3 dependent and associated with memory CD4⁺ T cell proliferation. Pre-activation of endothelial cells with an anti-HLA class II antibody led to increased memory T CD4⁺ proliferation and Thl7 expansion while decreasing endothelial cell mediated expansion of the Treg population. These data lead to the proposal that endothelial cells within the graft actively participate in the local regulation of the CD4⁺ T cell allogeneic response either by inducing a fully functional Treg population or a pro-inflammatory Thl7 population depending upon the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg IL-6) and/or the presence of circulating HLA class II allo-antibodies
Parouchev, Alexandre. "Immortalisation et transplantation de cellules hépatiques simiennes : modèles de thérapie cellulaire hépatique." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077099.
Full textOrthotopic liver transplantation is the only available cure for certain metabolic deficiencies. But, lack of donors and complications related to immunosuppression urge the development of alternatives therapies such as hepatocyte transplantation. However, trials with adult hepatocytes have been so far disappointing. We have explored two directions. As a model for an alternative source of hépatocytes, we have characterized a line of simian fetal hepatic cells (IPFLS), immortalized by SV40-T antigen. In vitro these cells conserve their proliferative capacity and their hepatic bipotent progenitor phenotype. The immortalization is reversible after Cre-mediated excision of the oncogene. In vivo, they are non tumorigenic and differentiate into hepatocytes, with no in situ proliferation. However, the important karyotype instability underlines the need for new immortali2ation strategies. Moreover, ex vivo gene therapy is considered as an alternative to hepatocyte allotransplantation. We have set up conditions for efficient transduction of freshly-isolated and cryopreserved, adult, simian hepatocytes in suspension by HIV-1-derived recombinant lentiviruses, expressing GFP under transcriptional control of the hepatospecific promoter of the human apolipoprotein A-II gene. The in vivo persistence and fonction of cryopreserved cells is demonstrated by the presence of transduced hepatocytes three months after transplantation into the liver of immunodeficient mice. Thus the nonhuman primate appears as a good preclinical model for the development of liver-directed ex vivo gene therapy strategies
Kleinclauss, François. "Induction de tolérance en transplantation : utilisation des propriétés immunomodulatrices des cellules apoptotiques." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESAA002.
Full textApoptotic cells infusion is a new cell based therapy approach to modulate allogeneic immune responses. We reported its interest in hematopoietic cell transplantation in mice. The aim of this work was to analyze the mechanisms by which apoptotic cells modulate alloreactivity and facilitate bone marrow engraftment. We demonstrated that donor splenic macrophages and TGF-β production were involved in the effect of apoptotic cel! infusion. Phenotypic analysis showed an expansion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells, exerting their suppressive effects by cell-contact dependant mechanisms. These regulatory T cells allowed delaying acute graft-versus-host disease. We studied the impact of immunosuppressive drugs on the apoptotic cell infusion. We showed that calcineurin inhibitors abolished the favourable effects of apoptotic cell infusion, whereas rapamycin, mycophenolate mofetil and a deoxysperguanin derivative, did not interfere and rather potentate the effects of apoptotic cell infusion
Bittencourt, Marcelo de Carvalho. "Approches cellulaires pour l'induction de tolérance en transplantation de cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA3004.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Herrero, Astrid. "Transplantation de cellules hépatiques dans le traitement des insuffisances hépatocellulaires après hépatectomie." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T037/document.
Full textClinical data support the concept and offer the hope that cell therapy will find its place among the therapeutic strategies in liver diseases. However, two major obstacles limit the scope of its clinical application: the limited availability of human hepatocytes quality and in large quantities, and low efficiency leading to graft survival and only a short-term functionality. The objective of this work was to develop animal models of liver failure after hepatectomy and analyze the regenerative response after transplantation of human hepatic progenitors isolated and characterized in two research laboratories (INSERM U1040 Montpellier laboratory PEDI UCL Brussels) compared to freshly isolated hepatocytes.The first model was to achieve a 30% hepatectomy in mice NOD SCID associated with prior injection retrorsine (blocking of endogenous cellular proliferation) and injected at the same time directly into the parenchyma 1 million progenitor cells constitutively expressing the luciferase reporter gene. The results showed good cell implantation until 1 month after injection with a functional differentiation as evidenced by secretion of human albumin in the circulating blood cells of animals.The second model was to achieve a wide 70% hepatectomy in mice immunocompromised RAG 2 - / - γ-/ - to increase the suffering hepatocellular comparing two injection timing (channel intrasplenically) progenitor cells genetically marked with the Green Fluorescent Protein. The results showed better clinical tolerance (less mortality) and a greater amount of implanted when the injection was performed 48 hours after hepatectomy cells. Endogenous hepatic regeneration was greater and faster in mice injected with the progenitors with primary hepatocytes, suggesting a beneficial paracrine effect of these cells.These studies have highlighted the possibility of using these progenitor cells as an alternative to hepatocytes with regenerative properties but raise some problems implementing these cells remains low in hepatectomized livers reworked. Define the Define the best environment to promote the survival, function and possibly the effective integration of transplanted cells remains a key issue for progress in this direction.In parallel with this research, a clinical research project biotherapy was developed and agreed to transplant human hepatocytes in intrahepatic costs in patients with terminal liver failure (acute alcoholic hepatitis, severe cirrhosis, after extensive liver resection). It should begin in late 2013
Hamou, Wissam. "Assessing liver regeneration by human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocytes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066374.
Full textFinding new sources for liver transplants is a real issue. The main obstacles to organ transplantation are the shortage of grafts and heavy immunosuppressive treatment for life. The ability to reprogram the patient's cells and grow them gives access to a virtually unlimited amount of transplanted cells, thereby eliminating the need for an organ donor. My doctorate is in two parts: the first is to make liver cells by programming of human stem cells. The second is to transplant those cells in the livers of mice with acute and chronic liver failure to study liver regeneration. The novel parts of this project are to study the first phase of post-integration cell transplantation because this phase is critical in regeneration. Also I would compare liver regeneration by transplanted cells in acute liver failure with chronic liver failure. One week after transplantation, the liver of these mice contained the grafted cells and which are located if they behaved as bona fide liver cells producing a protein, human albumin. Even better: analysis of liver function noted a return to normal function in three days with seven days without transplantation against transplanted cells. These results are very encouraging when the possibility of using cells derived from stem cells for therapeutic purposes
Lauden, Laura. "L' immunité des cellules souches adultes : le modèle des cellules souches/progéniteurs cardiaques humaines." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077023.
Full textCurrently, stem cell therapy is a compelling choice for treating and repairing organ functioning. Over the excitement of benefit, a major hurdle was often overlooked, the immunogenicity. Strategies using stem cells transplantation for ischemic cardiomyopathy are among the most explored in regenerative medicine. The "perfect" stem cell remains elusive, but at present the use of allogeneic cardiac stem/progenitor cells (hCPC), is among the most expectative goals. My thesis objective is to characterize the bi-directional interactions between hCPC and both innate and adaptive arms of the immune system to determine the potential risk and/or benefits of such therapy. After a precise characterization of their phenotype and reparative capacity, we investigated the hCPC crosstalk with adaptive T cells and innate NK cells in allogeneic settings. We showed that hCPC, whether under inflammatory conditions or not, do not induce conventional allogeneic T cell response but expand and activate regulatory T cells that endows with PD-L1/PD-1 dependent immuno¬modulatory capacity. The hCPC also elicit modest NK cells cytotoxicity that is significantly blocked within inflammatory environment. In addition, hCPC dowmodulate NK cells activity towards conventional target cells, inhibit their proliferation and biase their cytokine secretion towards anti-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our data reveal that the hCPC in allogeneic context are hypo-immunogenic and their crosstalk with both arms of the immune system is probably in favor of cardiac repair. Advancing the basic knowledge of stem cells immunology, our studies may also pave the way for clinical translation of these hCPC
Cartron, Guillaume. "Etude quantitative et fonctionnelle du compartiment des progéniteurs primitifs après autogreffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques chez l'homme." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR3311.
Full textIntensive therapy with autologous stem cells transplantation (ASCT) is now widely used in hematology. We have assessed primitive progenitor cell compartment after ASCT using peripheral stem cells and shown a deep and durable decrease of clonogenic progenitor counts in vivo. In vitro studies have demonstrated a constant decrease of LTC-IC frequencies and CD34+/CD38_ counts associated with functional abnormalities (defect in proliferative and érythroïd differentiation of LTC-IC). We have shown also a proliferative defect of CD34+ cells in response to early-acting cytokines and a decrease of both CD34 antigen expression and ability of c-Kit to bind to SCF into CD34+ cell population. After ASCT, there are both quantitative and qualtitative defects of primitive progenitor cell compartment which could led to a impaired self-renewal of this compartment and jeopardize long-lasting marrow reconstitution
Sikorski, Mathieu. "De l’implication des cellules dendritiques myéloïdes humaines dans la physiopathologie de l’infection à polyomavirus BK." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1041/document.
Full textThe BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a ubiquitous human virus infecting 80% of the worldwide population. The primoinfection leads to a low-level and long-lasting persistence of the virus in the reno-urinary epithelia. The BKPyV reactivates in immunocompromised individuals like HIVdiseased patients or allograft recipients. It is the first infectious cause of graft loss in kidney transplanted (KTx) patients who receive immunosuppressive drugs to impair organ rejection. In KTx patients, the virus reactivates and replicates actively, leading to a disease called polyomavirus associated nephropathy (PVAN). During early steps of this pathology, the virus is found in the blood of patients, i.e. viremia. Long-lasting viremia is correlated with a poor outcome for patients. The BKPyV genome has been detected in blood immune cells, yet not identifying a particular cell population associated with the viral genome. Myeloid dendritic cells (mDC), key players in the induction and polarization of immune responses, have been described in kidney, next to BKPyV reactivation sites. Also, it has been shown that these cells infiltrate specifically the kidney during PVAN. Finally, they have been shown to be hijacked from their original function by several viruses to help their infection. Based on these observations, we wondered if mDC could be involved in the viruria, i.e. virus in the urines, to viremia transition. By investigating this hypothesis, we have shown that human mDC can bind, internalize and transmit BKPyV to permissive cells. Surprisingly, this interaction does not lead to maturation of immature mDC, asking the question of a putative immune evasion mechanism of the virus. An extensive study in kidney transplant recipients will allow clarification of the role that mDC could have in this infection
Heemskerk, Bianca. "Adenovirus infection and immunity in children after stem cell transplantation /." Leiden, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40223278f.
Full textNaji, Abderrahim. "Fonctions immunologiques de la molécule HLA-G : implications en Transplantation et Cancérologie." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077040.
Full textHLA-G which has been originally described in the trophoblast where it contributes to the fetal-maternal tolerance, is also involved in other situations of "tolerance" such as tumor proliferation and organ transplantation. Based on the immunosuppressive properties of HLA-G molecules as ligand of inhibitory receptors present on immune cells, the present work focused on the involvement of HLA-G in allograft acceptance and tumor/escape from anti-tumor immune response. In transplantation, the work focused on (i) understanding the mechanisms of tolerance induced by HLA-G through the induction of regulatory T cells in vitro during allogeneic reactions and in vivo in patients with liver and kidney transplant (Naji et al. , Blood, 2007 and Naji et al. Hum. ImmunoL, 2007), (ii) the influence of immunosuppressive treatment on the expression of HLA-G. We observed an induction of expression of HLA-G by dendritic cells after treatment with Belatacept ® (CTLA4-lg) (Naji et al. , J. ImmunoL, In press). And (iii) the participation of HLA-G in the immune functions described for mesenchymal stem cells and their therapeutic potential in transplantation and bone repair (Naji et al. , Stem Cells, 2008). In cancer, the expression of HLA-G is induced in many solid tumors where it would be an escape mechanism in tumor immunosurveillance. In this context, we participated in a study of patients with myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia B in which the expression of HLA-G and its role in the inhibition of natural killer function was studied. (Maki et al. , Leukemia, 2008). Finally, through the characterization of the role of HLA-G on B cell functions, we demonstrated an unexpected effect of soluble HLA-G as an anti-proliferative agent towards myeloma and B lymptioma cells (Naji et al. , submitted for publication)
Carretero-Iglesia, Laura. "Autologous regulatory myeloid cell therapy in transplantation." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=57eee07a-2290-4c76-b10e-0603a68039b7.
Full textL'objectif en transplantation d'organes est d'induire une tolérance spécifique du greffon à long terme. Les thérapies actuelles sont efficaces pour contrôler le rejet aigu du greffon mais sont inefficaces pour prévenir le rejet chronique. De plus, elles peuvent induire à des effets secondaires importants, rendant les patients sensibles à d'autres maladies. De nouvelles thérapies sont ainsi en cours de développement. L'utilisation de différents types cellulaires modifiés in vitro comme stratégie pour l'induction d'une tolérance spécifique d'antigène a été démontré efficace pour prolonger la survie de l'allogreffe dans plusieurs modèles animaux. Les cellules myéloïdes jouent un rôle important en transplantation. Elles sont impliquées dans la tolérance, ainsi que dans le rejet de la greffe. La modification in vitro des cellules myéloïdes pour leur utilisation en transplantation a suscité un intérêt ces dernières années. Le travail développé pendant cette thèse a eu pour objectif la génération de trois types de cellules régulatrices myéloïdes (cellules dendritiques tolérogènes, macrophages régulateurs et cellules myéloïdes suppressives). In vitro, nous avons étudié leur capacité suppressive sur l'activation des lymphocytes T et les mécanismes impliqués dans cette suppression. In vivo, nous avons testé leur potentiel à prolonger la survie de l'allogreffe après injection autologue dans un modèle de greffe chez la souris ainsi que les mécanismes qu'elles induisent. Nous supposons alors que les résultats obtenus pendant cette thèse pourront aider à développer une thérapie cellulaire efficace pour l'induction d'une tolérance en transplantation
Lagaraine, Christine. "Effet tolérogène de l'acide mycophénolique sur les cellules dendritiques." Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR3305.
Full textEven today, transplantation remains problematic because of global immunosuppressant treatment. Dendritic cells play a central role in immune response by uptaking and presenting antigens to T lymphocytes. However dendritic cells can induce T cell activation but also T cell inhibition, leading to tolerance. We have demonstrated that acid mycophenolic (MPA) affected dendritic cell maturation. MPA-treated DC (MPA-DC) have an impaired expression of costimulatory and class II MHC molecules, secrete large amounts of IL-10 but few IL-12. We have also shown that a long term coculture between MPA-DC and T cells induce the differentiation of regulatory T cells expressing GITR and CTLA-4. Treg have a potent antigen specific suppressive activity on the proliferation of activated T cells. These results suggest that MPA-DC or MPA-DC-induced Treg may be used in cellular therapy to induce allograft tolerance
Delgado, Charris Jean-Paul. "Caractérisation phénotypique et moléculaire des cellules progénitrices foetales hépatiques simiennes et humaines." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114825.
Full textThe liver is a target organ for cell-based therapies. The use of human adult hepatocytes for such approaches is limited by the lack of donors, the absence of proliferation and low cell engraftment. We characterized a simian bipotent hepatoblast line (IPFLS) immortalized in our lab by using the Sv40 virus T oncogene flanked by LoxP sites, at different population doublings (PD). We showed that immortalization process was reversible after Cre recombinase mediated retroviral gene transfer. We also showed a telomerase activity reduction correlated with telomere shortening and chromosomal rearrangements at 120 PD. After transplantation in the liver of immunocompromised mice, IPFLS cells were differentiated into hepatocytes but did not proliferate. We contributed to the isolation and characterization of early fetal human heptoblasts/hepatocytes (10-12 weeks). After transplantation, these cells repopulated more efficiently the liver of transplanted mice than IPFLS cells. Human hepatoblasts, contrary tu adult hepatocytes, have an in vitro migration and invasion potential which is enhanced by the Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF). This process is correlated with an up regulation in the secretion and activation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and the activation of the ERK pathway. Transplantation of hepatoblasts stimulated with HGF into new born mice improves cell spreading in the liver parenchyma. These results suggest that human hepatoblasts have specific properties which allow the improvement of cell engraftement
Faugaret, Delphine Lebranchu Yvon. "Effet de l'acide mycophénolique sur les voies de signalisation activées par des agents pro-inflammatoires dans la cellule dendritique humaine." S. l. : S. n, 2008. http://theses.abes.fr/2008TOUR3303.
Full textDegauque, Nicolas Soulillou Jean-Paul. "Contribution à l'étude des cellules régulatrices dans deux modèles d'induction de tolérance." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/DOCdegauque.pdf.
Full textDegauque, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude des cellules régulatrices dans deux modèles d'induction de tolérance." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT18VS.
Full textTolerance corresponds to the acceptation of a graft by an immunocompetent recipient. In this thesis, the mechanisms of maintenance and transfer of tolerance have been studied in two models of graft transplantation between MHC incompatible rats. Donor antigens presentation by blood transfusion before heart graft induces the differentiation of regulatory CD25- T cells acting both in vitro and in vivo. This study constitutes the first demonstration of the existence of regulatory CD25- T cells able to transfer tolerance in a fully MHC mismatch model. Injection of a donor anti-class II MHC antibody the day of transplantation allowed to obtain a fully tolerant state. Maintenance and transfer of tolerance are here not controlled by T lymphocytes alone but required complex mechanisms of regulation with the need of T cells/non-T cells cooperation
Golfier, François. "Greffe in utero de cellules souches hématopoïétiques foetales humaines : purification de cellules CD34+/++ de foie foetal et de moëlle osseuse foetale." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T007.
Full textHervé, Caroline Dantal Jacques. "Etude des désordres immunitaires dans le syndrome néphrotique idiopathique et sa récidive après transplantation rénale." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=27396.
Full textNavarro, Francis. "Analyse des populations lymphocytaires dans le foie avant et après transplantation hépatique orthotopique." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON1T002.
Full textArvieux, Catherine. "Rôle de l'immunogénécité des hépatocytes et des cellules endothéliales hépatiques dans la tolérance des greffes de foie." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T046.
Full textMany hypothesis have been advanced to explain the relative tolerance of the hepatic graft. In the present work we have explored the immunogenicity of hepatocytes and hepatic endothelial cells et the alloreactivity of intrahepatic T lymphocytes. The study of the expression of the MHC molecules by rats hepatocytes showed that cholestasis was able to induce strong expression of MHC class I molecules with no detection of MHC classii on the cells. The tolerogenic role of these hepatocytes has been studied in a model of heterotopic cardiac allograft. Injection of hepatocytes from cholestatic animals significantly delayed rejection. These results confirm that hepatocytes are normally poorly immunogenic and suggest that they become tolorogenic when MHC classI expression is induced. Expression of highly purified human intrahepatic endothelial cells (HIHEC) surface molecules was determined by flow cyometry. HIHEC express ICAM-1, LFA-3 and MHC class I at rest and can be induced to express MHC class II antigens by high dose IFNand VCAM-1 by TNFa. However HIHEC failed to express CD28 ligands even after activation and where unable to support signifiant proliferation or cytokine secretion from either CD8+ and CD4+ allogenic T cells but coculture of allogenic T cells with HIHEC increased VCAM- 1 expression. This model suggests that interactions with allogenic T cells activated HIHEC, but HIHEC failed to support optimal activation of allogenic T cells. The study on samples of liver biopsies from liver transplant recipients with acute rejection showed that T lymphocytes were produced after expansion in the presence of IL-2. Even in the presenceof potential antigen presenting cells, Epstein-Barr virus transformed cells (B-EBV cells) lysate from the donor was unable to induce a strong alloreactive response from the recipient T cells, as the B-EBV cells were. In this model T lymphocytes allorecognition seems to violate the rule of self-MHC restriction. Those results show the irtiportant role of interactions of intrahepatic T lymphocytes with the graft cells during acute rejection of liver allograft
Foubert, Philippe. "Rôle des progéniteurs vasculaires dans le processus de néovascularisation post-ischémique : applications thérapeutiques." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077091.
Full textCell therapy is a promising option for the treatment of ischemic diseases. Infusion or injection of stem or progenitor cells has improved neovascularization and heart function after ischemia in various experimental studies and clinical phase II and III trials. One potential limitation for cell therapy is a low rate of engraftment and persistence of cells in the ischemic tissue. Moreover, impairment of the number and function of patient- derived progenitor cells might limit the efficiency of autologous stem cell therapy. Therefore, strategies to augment cell function, survival, and homing could be crucial to improve success rates for cell therapy. Eph receptors and their ephrin ligands are key regulators of endothelia cell proliferation, migration and adhesion during vascular development. In a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia, vve demonstrated that activation of EphB4 receptor with an ephrinB2-Fc chimera protein increases the pro-angiogenic potential of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC) through induction of PSGL-1 and adhesion to selectins. Secondly, we demonstrated that co-administration of endothelial (EPC) and smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPC) enhances post-ischemic neovascularization through the release of Angiopoietin-1 by SMPC. Together, these data provide novel concepts for cell-enhancement strategies to aid the treatment of periphera artery occlusive and ischemic heart disease
Benboubker, Lotfi. "Cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques du sang périphérique : caractérisation fonctionnelle et facteurs intervenant dans la capacité de mobilisation." Tours, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUR3308.
Full textBoulday, Gwénola. "Étude de l'activation des cellules endothéliales en transplantation : expression différentielle des gènes en réponse à la fixation des anticorps naturels xénogéniques." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT20VS.
Full textBonnamain, Virginie. "Interactions cellules souches/progénitrices neurales – lymphocytes T : étude in vitro et perspectives pour la transplantation." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT36VS.
Full textDespite its status of immune privileged organ, the central nervous system (CNS) maintains a close bidirectional communication with the immune system. This parameter must be taken into account to optimize the therapeutic strategies aiming at restoring the neuronal loss in case of lesions or degenerative diseases in the CNS. Indeed, in the absence of immunosuppression, pig neural cells xenografted into the CNS are systematically rejected, this rejection being primarily mediated by T lymphocytes (TL). In this context, neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPC) described as having reduced immunogenicity and a potent suppressive effect on T cell responses appear as a suitable alternative cell source to fetal neuroblasts. The prolonged survival of xenografts and the low T cell infiltration following the transplantation of NSPC in the brain of non-immunosuppressed rats prompted us to study the in vitro interactions between NSPC and TL. We showed by co-culture experiments that pig and rat NSPC inhibit the proliferation of rat TL through the release of soluble factors. The mechanisms triggering the immunoregulatory effects of porcine NSPC remain to be determined, but we clearly demonstrated a role for the heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the suppressive activity of rat NSPC. Interestingly, we also found that Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated TL, directs the in vitro fate of NSPC rat towards a neuronal phenotype. These results confirm the bidirectional communication between the CNS and the immune system, and highlight the interest of NSPC for cell transplantation
Allain, Jean-Etienne. "Immortalisation et transplantation de cellules foetales hépatiques simiennes et humaines : modèles de thérapie cellulaire hépatique." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077004.
Full textDilek, Nahzli. "Inhibition sélective de la costimulation CD28-CD80/86 en transplantation : mécanismes d'action des cellules régulatrices." Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=f4b951f2-c214-406e-8dca-8c4bbb5329b3.
Full textTransplantation is currently used for treatment of end-stage organ diseases. However, solid-organ transplantation requires a heavy treatment for the patients who are subjected to chronic immunosuppression which has several secondary effects, such as infections, cancers, nephrotoxicity. Therefore the establishment of a donor-specific tolerance remains a major goal in transplantation. Thus, this PhD work focused on the selective blockade of the CD28/CD80-86 costimulatory pathway, without impairing CTLA-4/CD80-86, thereby promoting the induction of tolerogenic or regulatory mechanisms in transplantation by blocking the activating interaction while preserving the inhibitory pathway. The first objective of our work was to study those mechanisms involved in a tolerance model in renal allotransplantation in rats, where an accumulation of myeloid suppressor in the blood was found. Transcriptome analysis of these cells allowed us to observe a decreased expression of CCL5 chemokine in these cells, but also in the blood of tolerant animals. The formation of a CCL5 graft-to-periphery gradient in tolerant animals induces the recruitment of CCR5+ regulatory T cells in the grafts, thus promoting tolerance establishment. In a second part, this work aimed at exploring the effects of FR104, a monovalent antagonistic CD28 antibody, on the immunological synapse in humans. Only the CD28 selective blockade prevented formation of stable immunological synapses between T effector cells and antigen-presenting cell (APC), whereas on the contrary it increased the contact time between regulatory T cells and APC, these mechanisms being CTLA-4 dependent. Thus, these researches illustrate new elements regarding the roles and mechanisms of a new specific immunoregulatory therapeutic strategy
Blanchet, Benoit. "Evaluation de l'intérêt de la détermination de l'activité calcineurine au sein des cellules sanguines mononucléées chez des patients transplantés hépatiques traités par tacrolimus." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN12503.
Full textBraudeau, Cécile. "Etude du phénotype et de la fonction des cellules régulatrices T CD4+CD25+ dans le sang de patients tolérant spontanément une greffe de rein." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=d6456dcd-1157-4700-bb4b-a3d05104c0d7.
Full textDespite being efficient in preventing acute rejection, immunosuppressors have little effect on chronic rejection. A major goal in transplantation is therefore to induce a state of operational tolerance. This state, which is rare in kidney transplant recipients, is defined as long-term graft acceptance with a stable function, without immunosuppression in an immunocompetent recipient. Here we tried to understand the mechanisms implicated in operational tolerance to kidney transplants. The study of a small cohort of tolerant patients allowed us to identify a particular phenotypic profile of CD4+CD25+ blood lymphocytes that was different to that of patients with chronic rejection. Tolerant patients displayed an increased number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T cells compared to patients with chronic rejection. These cells also displayed a regulatory function similar to that of healthy individuals and significantly higher than that of patients with chronic rejection
Brikci-Nigassa, Leila. "Induction de tolérance aux allogreffes de cœur et de peau chez la souris : implication de cellules souches transduites avec le gène de l’IL-10, de lymphocytes T régulateurs et de cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10318.
Full textThe main objective of this work was to induce a state of immunological tolerance to cardiac and skin allografts in mice injected with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transduced with the gene for interleukin 10 (IL-10). A second goal was to improve the survival of skin grafts using immature dendritic cells well known for their tolerogenic function. Mouse fetal liver contains 2% of stem cells on average that can differentiate into all blood-lymphoid lineages. In addition, their relatively low antigen expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) makes them a biological material sometimes capable to adapt to an allogeneic environment. IL-10 is a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties. Mainly produced by Th2 lymphocytes cells, IL-10 inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2. It prevents antigen presenting function of APCs. Dendritic cells (DC) derived from HSCs and play a central role in immunity. They are able to interact with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. They are essential to the establishment of a regulatory or tolerogenic response, this based on the information provided by the cellular microenvironment. Results firstly show that fetal HSC of C57 BL/6 mice transduced with IL-10 gene and injected several times to allogeneic mice (BALB/c) sublethally irradiated induce a prolongation of heart transplant survival of the same strain. This survival is of 86.25+13.8 days in comparison with 11.5+0.6 days for control groups. Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tol-DC) of DBA1 mice treated with TNFα are injected into allogeneic mice (BALB/c) sublethally irradiated. This results in a prolongation of skin graft survival of same strain as tol-DC: 15 days compared to 7.5 days for the control groups. Only tol-DC transplanted animals have a tolerance state allowing prolonged survival of allogeneic skin grafts
Maouche, Ahmed. "Caractérisation de voies de régulation paracrine potentiellement impliquées dans le devenir des cellules souches spermatogoniales chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARA083.
Full textIn mammals, Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) are subject to sucessive microenvironments that allow their progressive transition first, into prospermatogonia at pre-natal stage and then into spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) in adults. In fish, the potential existence of intermediate transition states between PGC and SSC remains to be demonstrated. Likewise, the molecular mechanisms involved in the construction of the initial SSC pool or in its maintenance in adulthood remain poorly understood. The firUnlike mammals, the extracellular Kit and Gdnf ligands are duplicated and they could act as paracrine or autocrine regulatory factors. The follicle stimulating hormone and sex steroid hormones could regulate the gdnf/gfra1 and edn/ednr regulatory pathways. The second part of the thesis was aimed to improve the practicability of the SSC transplantation technique to regenerate valuable genetic resources in European aquaculture research infrastructures. We show that the transplantation of unpurified SSC into the abdominal cavity of triploid "golden" trout embryos allows, in approximately 70% of the injected animals, a satisfactory production of functional gametes derived solely from transplanted SSC
Illiaquer, Marina. "Interactions entre l'Herpesvirus humain de type 6 (HHV-6) et les cellules effectrices de l'immunité." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=cdfc8b90-47ec-466e-a7df-8cdf883cb3d2.
Full textViral infections are well-known complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) and are responsible for morbidity and mortality in patients. To better define the impact of UCB as stem cell source we conducted a prospective study comparing the frequencies of HHV6 and four other opportunistic viruses during the first six months post-graft as well as the kinetic of immune reconstitution in adults receiving either UCB allo-SCT or unrelated PBSC allo-SCT. We prospectively confirm a specific relationship between HHV6 and UCB allo-SCT and between EBV and PBSC allo-SCT. The data of the immune reconstitution showed significant differences between the both groups and particularly for the B lymphocytes and monocytes subsets which reconstituted faster and with higher count in the UCB group that however. A second study comparing the same parameters in long-term UCB survivors, shows long-lasting HHV-6 reactivation and highlight differences in the kinetic of immune reconstitution, according to the type of graft. However, our results don't explain the link between HHV-6 and UCB, which so far remains to be elucidated. Finally, to evaluate the impact of HHV-6 infection on cells professionally involved in antiviral defense of the organism, the plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), we performed in vitro experiments consisting on HHV-6 infection of human peripheral pDCs. The HHV-6 induce secretion of type I interferons by pDCs without influencing significantly the expression of the co-stimulation molecules or the class I and II HLA molecules
Seminatore, Christine. "Transplantation de dérivés neuraux de cellules souches embryonnaires humaines dans un modèle de lésion cérébrale ischémique." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066554.
Full textKnoop, Christiane. "Microchimérisme sanguin et fonction des cellules présentatrices d'antigènes: implications pour l'acceptation du greffon après transplantation pulmonaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211701.
Full textMerville, Pierre-Gilles. "Cytokines et rejet : étude de la production de gamma-interféron et d'interleukine 6 par les cellules d'allogreffes rénales humaines et leur régulation par l'interleukine 4." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23006.
Full textThepenier, Cédric. "Optimisation d'un procédé de culture d'épiderme autologue : influence d'un feeder humanisé et d'une faible tension d'oxygène." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077083.
Full textTo enhance the production conditions for cultured epidermal autografts (CEA) for large burns, we sought to study the in vitro effect of a low oxygen level on epidermal growth. We tested this parameter on CEA grown on murin feeder cells (Green's method) as well as human feeder cells. We first could evidence that the optimal feeder density depended on the oxygen level. A feeder density made optimal at 20% 02 could prove inhibitory on keratinocyte growth at 3% 02. At their respective best feeder densities, low oxygen level (3%) led to an average 4,2 fold increase in keratinocyte yield for a same arrest day as compared with 20% culture. This effect proved to be stable on several successive passagings, showing the increase in proliferation did not take place at the expense of tell self renewal. Keratinocytes grown at a low oxygen level kept their ability to form a stratifying epidermis on an in vivo NOD/SCID mouse excisional model. In parallel, the increase in proliferation was also observed when keratinocytes were cultured on human feeder cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stroma' cells and dermal fibroblasts. This effect of a low oxygen tension on keratinocytes appears to be partly direct, as the growth rate of HaCat feederless keratinocytes was enhanced at 3% vs 20% 02. It is also partly an indirect effect, as conditioned medium from murin feeder cells cultured in hypoxia has a more pronounced positive effect on keratinocyte growth than its normoxic counterpart. These preliminary resuits could lead to the modification on the culture protocol currently in use for the majority of CEA grafts for large burns. The expected benefits for the patients, beyond slightly shortening culture time, would include salvaging abortive cultures and bringing less differentiated keratinocytes, a parameter linked with a decrease in fibrotic evolution on murin models
Perrin, Hélène. "Nouvelles voies thérapeutiques en transplantation : immunoprotection par les liquides de conservation d'organe et immunosuppression par les cellules souches mésenchymateuses." Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10023.
Full textThe development of organ transplantation leads to the research of new strategies for the amelioration of graft preservation and immunosuppressive therapies. This work is based on two axes: i) immunoprotection by organ preservation solutions and ii) immunosuppression by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The use of new preservation solutions containing polyethylene glycol molecules (PEGs) is associated with a reduction of graft immunogenicity. We show that this effect is not due to an antigen masking effect, described for PEGs covalently bound to the cellular membrane. Lymphocyte incubation with PEGs does not affect their immunogenicity or their immune response in vitro. Our results suggest that the benefit of PEGs use is related to a better graft preservation rather than a direct effect on the allogenic response. The recent discovering of the immunosuppressive potential of MSCs causes a great interest for cell therapy. We have studied the MSCs immunoregulatory mechanisms in the cytotoxic response development in vivo, in the mouse model of contact hypersensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene. We show that MSCs highly reduce the inflammatory response. This effect is not due to the inhibition of the antigen presentation, effector CD8+ T cells generation or migration of these cells into the skin. Instead, MSCs inhibited in situ CD8+ T cell production of interferon-, a key cytokine of the inflammatory response
Le, Bas Stéphanie. "Anticorps impliqués dans la positivité du crossmatch lymphocytaire B en transplantation rénale : caractérisation et implications fonctionnelles des anticorps anti-hla et anti-cellules endothéliales." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT08VS.
Full textWe have identified, in 62 patients, antibodies involved in postive B cell crossmatch (+BCM) in kidney transplantation. In 39% the positivity was due to auto-antibodies and donor specific anti-HLA cl II antibodies. In 61% of cases, these antibodies remain unidentified. Graft survival according to antibody targets show that +BCM is not toujours a contre-indication of tran splantation. Detection of anti-endothelial ceil antibodies (AECA) was performed on sera of 57 patients was tested with endothelial cells. AECA, found in 33% of patients, was correled with anti-HLA immunization but independent of +BCM. However, these AECA induce in vitro endothelial cell apoptosis. In a third part, we have shown that anti-HLA cl II antibodies, known to induce antigen presentating cell (APC) apoptosis, have no effects on endothelial cells, wich can become APC in allo-transplantation
Even, Amandine. "Utilisation de la thérapie cellulaire à l'aide de cellules dendritiques tolérogènes autologues en transplantation et dans les pathologies inflammatoires." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1014.
Full textVarious studies, including those done by our team, have demonstrated the efficacy of cell therapy using tolerogenic dendritic cells in the control of rodent transplant rejection. The originality of our work comes from the use of autologous cells, ATDCs (Autologous Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells). In a purpose of their clinical application in renal transplantation, the ATDCs were generated in healthy volunteers. The first objective of my thesis was to validate the clinical grade manufacturing process of human ATDCs. Furthermore, this work has shown that ATDCs generated from monocytes in patients with renal insufficiency have the same in vitro tolerogenic properties as those from healthy volunteers. Finally, as in mice, human ATDCs are able to cross-present antigen. The second objective was to study the role of the fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, strongly expressed by our cells. My results indicate that the absence of CX3CR1 does not alter the generation of murine ATDCs, nor their survival, nor their ability to regulate LTs in vitro. The third objective of this thesis was to broaden the use of murine ATDCs to other inflammatory pathologies. Although they do not seem to inhibit the development of colitis, ATDCs protect mice from the induction of allergic asthma. These results allowed the team to perform the first clinical trial of cell therapy using TolDC in renal transplantation. This phase I/II trial will investigate the safety and efficacy of ATDCs and potentially extend the clinical use of ATDCs, particularly in asthmatic patients
Boubaker, El Andalousi Ramzi. "Modification des caractéristiques morphologiques et fonctionnelles des muscles squelettiques après transplantation de cellules précurseurs isolées des tissus musculaire et adipeux." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20020.
Full textTrayssac, Magali. "Rôle de la sphingosine-1-phosphate dans la vasculopathie de transplantation induite par les anticorps anti-HLA." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2291/.
Full textConsiderable progress has been made in organ transplantation over the past three decades reducing the rate of acute rejection in transplanted patients. However, chronic vascular rejection, or graft arteriosclerosis, or transplant vasculopathy (TV), still represents the main cause of late graft failure and limits the long-term success of organ transplantation. TV is characterized by a diffuse, concentric and progressive intimal hyperplasia of the graft arteries, resulting in arterial stenosis and chronic ischemia, leading finally to the loss of the grafted organ. Intimal hyperplasia results from the proliferation and migration of vascular cells, particularly smooth muscle cells (SMC), which leads to a slow, progressive and irreversible obstruction of the arteries and finally to chronic graft rejection. The pathogenesis of TV is only partly understood, and involves both cellular and humoral immune responses. The role of the humoral immune response is supported by the fact that donor-specific antibodies towards HLA class I are increased in transplanted patients, and may play a role in TV development and long-term allograft rejection. The signaling mechanisms evoked by anti HLA antibodies, are still unknown. The aim of my thesis is to study how anti-HLA antibodies trigger SMC proliferation and migration. We were particularly interested in studying the involvement of a stress-induced mitogenic mechanism, implicating sequentially metalloproteinases MT1-MMP and MMP-2, the neutral sphingomyelinase type 2 (nSMase2) and sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1). Our hypothesis is that anti-HLA antibodies, via their binding to HLA molecules at SMC surface, may induce cell proliferation and migration by activating this pathway. This hypothesis was tested using in vitro approaches (immortalized human SMC established from mesenteric arteries), and an in vivo model of xenograft consisting in immunodeficient SCID/beige mice grafted with mesenteric arteries in place of the abdominal aorta, and injected with anti HLA antibodies for 5 weeks, this leading to the development of TV in the human graft. In a first part, we demonstrated that anti-HLA antibodies stimulate the proliferation of human SMC via the activation of MT1-MMP, MMP-2 and nSMase2. Pharmacological inhibitors of MMP and nSMase decreased TV induced by anti-HLA antibodies in vivo. In a second part, we investigated the role of SK1 and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Anti- HLA antibodies induce an increase of SK1 activity in human SMC in vitro. Using SK1, S1P and S1P receptors (S1P1 and S1P3) inhibitors, we showed that they are involved in SMC proliferation and migration induced by anti-HLA antibodies. In vivo, anti-HLA antibodies induce an increase of S1P in the plasma of grafted immunodeficient SCID/beige mice, while the use of S1P and S1P1 pharmacological inhibitors prevents TV development in the animals, confirming the key-role of S1P in this pathology. In a third part, we studied the effect of anti-MHC antibodies on murine SMC. They stimulate proliferation and migration of SMC. SK1 and S1P are involved in the mitogenic and migratory signaling evoked by anti-MHC antibodies on SMC, which also involves the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and an increase of S1P3 expression. In perspective, we develop a new model of TV induced by anti-MHC antibodies in mice. These studies highlight the existence of new therapeutic targets involved in TV, and relevant for preventing this pathology. The development of new treatments should allow to improve the rate of graft survival and long-term health of transplant patients
Negroni, Elisa. "Potentiel myogénique des cellules humaines : conséquences en thérapie cellulaire." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066080.
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