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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transplantation organe'
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1
Conrad, Ralf [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung und Validierung von Transportsystemen für abdominelle Organe zur Transplantation / Ralf Conrad." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052020674/34.
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BILLARD, VALERIE. "Influence de la reanimation du donneur sur la qualite des organes greffes." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M274.
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PAINEAU, JACQUES. "Immuno-modulation de la reponse immune chez le receveur d'allogreffe par les anticorps monoclonaux : utilisation d'un anticorps anti-recepteur de l'il2 (interleukine 2) et d'un anticorps anti-interferon gamma chez le rat." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT01VS.
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Rébillard, Xavier. "Prélèvements d'organes : étude statistique des résultats fonctionnels après transplantation : expérience montpelliéraine 1984-1988." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11070.
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Sanz, Jean-Louis. "Prélèvement de rein à partir d'un donneur vivant en vue d'une transplantation rénale." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11196.
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Aujard, Anne. "Incidence du prélèvement multi-organes sur la survie des receveurs et sur la survie du greffon." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23050.
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Stöblen, Frank. "Nach den Kriterien der evidenzbasierten Medizin gesicherte Erkenntnisse zur Transplantation abdomineller Organe unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Immunsuppression eine Metaanalyse /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965970388.
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Michel, Pierre. "Protection du greffon cardiaque durant l'ischémie froide de la reperfusion." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO1T260.
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La 4e de couverture indique : "Le manque crucial d'organes est un problème majeur rencontré en transplantation cardiaque. L'objectif de ce travail est de tenter d'améliorer la protection du greffon cardiaque durant la conservation froide et lors de la reperfusion. Les résultats majeurs que nous avons obtenus sont les suivants : Parmi les solutions de conservation cardiaque les plus utilisées, cliniquement et/ou expérimentalement, les solutés LYPS (issu de notre laboratoire) et Celsior assurent la meilleure préservation. De plus, la présence des ions calcium dans les solutés, de type intracellulaire ou extracellulaire, est déterminante pour la qualité de la conservation. La microperfusion est une technique de préservation de longue durée du cœur supérieure à la technique de simple immersion. L'application d'une basse pression de reperfusion protège les cœurs en situation d'ischémie chaude irréversible. Cette protection semble impliquer le pore de transition membranaire de la mitochondrie. Paradoxalement, nous n'avons pas obtenu de cardioprotection après une ischémie froide avec le soluté Saint-Thomas. La plupart de ces résultats nous ont permis de faire le point sur des controverses existantes dans le domaine de la conservation froide du greffon cardiaque. Par ailleurs, nous avons abordé deux nouvelles voies, originales, de protection visant à modifier la structure même du cardiomyocyte : Modifications des structures membranaires, par incorporation d'acides gras insaturés dans les cardiomyocytes. Cet enrichissement nous a permis d'abaisser l'activité contractile des cellules cardiaques à basse température (7°C). Modifications génétiques, par transduction de gènes thérapeutiques dans le myocarde. Dans cette approche, les vecteurs viraux herpétiques de type amplicons semblent être de très bons candidats pour la thérapie génique myocardique. "
9
Heyd, Bruno. "Xenotransplantation cellulaire immunoprotegee dans le systeme nerveux central : premiers essais cliniques." Besançon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BESA3704.
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Chettouh, Hayette. "La qualification juridique de l'organe détaché d'un corps vivant." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084147.
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Le développement de l’utilisation de l’organe humain détaché a suscité un bouleversement dans son appréhension juridique. Autrefois envisagé seulement au travers du corps humain, par une indissociation juridique, l’organe détaché revêt un statut juridique à part entière. Des principes éthiques développés sur le fondement du principe de sauvegarde de la dignité humaine et du principe de respect de l’intégrité corporelle encadrent l’utilisation et de surcroît, la protection de l’organe humain. Or, le siècle passé a connu une explosion de l’intérêt porté aux stratégies thérapeutiques utilisant les éléments et produits du corps humain. L’organe humain après détachement est un produit de santé qui acquiert une valeur d’échange et ainsi devient appropriable : il se qualifie de chose d’origine humaine. Les crises sanitaires ont révélé la potentielle dangerosité de ce produit sur la santé des receveurs, et ont suscité l’instauration d’un régime spécifique relatif à l’organe détaché dont l’objectif est d’assurer la sécurité sanitaire. L’origine humaine, particularité de cette catégorie de choses, impose en effet l’instauration d’un régime de protection comprenant des dispositions nécessaires à assurer la sécurité sanitaire mais également un encadrement des aspects patrimoniaux de son utilisation dont la finalité serait d’éviter la réification de l’humainThe development of the use of the detached human organ aroused an upheaval in its legal apprehension. Formerly envisaged that through the human body, by a legal indissociation, the detached organ takes on a legal full status. Ethical principles developed on the foundation of the principle of protection of the human dignity and the principle of respect for the physical integrity frame the use and besides, the protection of the human organ. Gold, the last century knew an explosion of the interest carried in the therapeutic strategies using elements and products of the human body. The human organ after detachment is a product of health which acquires an exchange value and so becomes appropriable: it qualifies itself of thing of human origin. The sanitary crises revealed potential dangerousness of this product on the health of the conductors, and aroused the institution of a specific regime concerning the detached organ the objective of which is to assure the sanitary safety. The human origin, the peculiarity of this category of things, indeed imposes the institution of a regime of protection including measures necessary to insure the sanitary safety but also a supervision of the patrimonial aspects of its use the end of which would be to avoid the reification of the human being
11
Pummer-Verté, Lila. "Organ donation and transplantation /." Online version of thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12252.
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Desai, Rajeev Ramarao. "Organ transplantation related cancer." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6907/.
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Cancer is an important cause of mortality among the recipients of organ transplantation. Cancer transmitted from the donors has poor outcome and the fear of such transmission results in non-acceptance of certain organs. Study of the recipients in the UK over 10 years identified 15 cases of transmitted cancers. The rate of cancer transmission was 0.05%.The risk of cancer transmission was 9 times higher from donors older than 45 years. A comparison of the organ donor data with the guidelines classifying the donor’s risk showed that a selected cohort of donors, who are classed as high risk of cancer transmission, could safely donate their organs resulting in valuable additional survival for the recipients, with low risk of cancer transmission. These results provide evidence, for modification of donor classification guidelines resulting in increased availability of safe organs for transplantation. The risk of recurrence after transplantation of cancers treated before transplantation was low in selected recipients undergoing transplantation after a 2 year-wait following the diagnosis of cancer. No association was found between the donor-recipient CMV status and the risk of post-transplant cancer. This research estimated the risk of cancer transmission to the organ transplant recipients enabling improved risk assessment in transplantation.
13
Ruers, Theodoor Jacques Marie. "Selective immunosuppression in organ transplantation." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1989. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5415.
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Hardstaff, Ruth. "Compliance post solid organ transplantation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493240.
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The twentieth century was a time of a lot of advances in medicine, none more so than in the field of transplantation. Thanks to the pioneering work of many different people in a variety of different fields it is now possible to transplant bone marrow and solid organs. Transplantation is a truly multidisciplinary specialty where patient care is shared between physicians and surgeons. As in all medical specialties good nursing care is essential and requires a high degree of specialisation. Pathologists are key in post operative management in order to promptly diagnose problems so that treatment can be commenced with the minimum of delays.
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Ferraz, Viriato Marco Gomes. ""Organs Transplantation - how to improve the process?" Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55371.
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Ferraz, Viriato Marco Gomes. ""Organs Transplantation - how to improve the process?" Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/55371.
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Puig-Pey, Comas Isabel. "Phenotypic and Transcriptional Biomarkers In Organ Transplantation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/927.
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This is a compound work comprising two independent studies.1. Characterization of gamma-delta-T cell subsets in organ transplantation
gamma-delta-T cells are innate-type lymphocytes that preferentially act as regulators of local effector immune responses. Recent reports found an altered distribution of the two main subpopulations of blood gamma-delta-T cells (V-delta-1 and V-delta-2) in operationally tolerant liver transplant recipients. Based on this, gamma-delta-T cells subset quantification was proposed as a biomarker of immunologic risk in liver transplantation. The specific characteristics of gamma-delta-T cell subsets in transplantation remain however unknown. We have investigated here the phenotype, repertoire and functional properties of gamma-delta-T cell subsets in a large population of allograft recipients. Our results indicate that alterations in the gamma-delta-T cell compartment are not restricted to tolerant liver recipients. In fact, most immunosuppressed liver and kidney recipients also display an enlarged peripheral blood gamma-delta-T cell pool mainly resulting from an expansion of V-delta-1 T cells exhibiting an oligoclonal repertoire and different phenotypic and cytokine production traits than V-delta-2 T cells. We propose that persistent viral infections are likely to contribute to these alterations. Our data provide novel insight in the biology of gamma-delta-T cells and a rationale for exploring these lymphocytes in more depth into the pathogenesis of viral infections in transplantation.
2. Comparative Transcriptional and Phenotypic Peripheral Blood Analysis of Kidney Recipients under Cyclosporin A or Sirolimus Monotherapy
Due to its low level of nephrotoxicity and capacity to harness tolerogenic pathways, sirolimus (SRL) has been proposed as an alternative to calcineurin inhibitors in organ transplantation. However, the exact mechanisms underlying its unique immunosuppressive profile in humans are still not well understood. In the current study, we aimed to depict the in vivo effects of SRL in comparison with cyclosporine A (CSA) by employing gene expression profiling and multiparameter flow cytometry on blood cells collected from stable kidney recipients under monotherapy with either SRL or CSA. In addition, the overall effect of these drugs on immunoregulatory pathways was assessed by measuring a transcriptional signature characteristic of operationally tolerant kidney recipients. Samples from SRL recipients displayed an increased frequency of effector memory T cells and were enriched in NFkB-related pro-inflammatory expression pathways and in monocyte and NK cell lineage-specific transcripts. Furthermore neither SRL nor CSA induced a gene expression profile comparable with that of tolerant kidney recipients. In conclusion, we show here that the overall pattern of SRL effect in vivo is dominated by innate immune cells and NFkB-related pro-inflammatory events. These data provide novel insights on the complex effects of SLR on the immune system in clinical transplantation.
"Biomarcadors fenotípics i transcripcionals
en el transplantament d'òrgans"
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1. Estudi de les cèl·lules T gamma-delta A l'al·lotransplantament d'òrgans
1.1 Objectius
- Investigació detallada de la freqüència, fenotip, repertori del TCR i característiques funcionals de les poblacions Vdelta1 i Vdelta2 en sang perifèrica en trasplantats.
- Determinar si l'òrgan trasplantat, la teràpia immunosupressora i la presència d'infeccions víriques influeixen en la distribució i propietats de les subpoblacions gamma-delta.
- Avaluar el valor clínic de la quantificació de les cèl·lules T gamma-delta com a biomarcador diagnòstic de trasplantats tolerants operacionals de fetge.
1.2 Resultats
Es van quantificar les poblacions de gamma-delta totals, Vdelta1, Vdelta2 i ràtio Vdelta1/Vdelta2 en 201 trasplantats de fetge estables (STA-Liver), 29 tolerants operacionals trasplantats de fetge (TOL), 50 trasplantats estables de ronyó (STA-Kidney), 50 malalts amb insuficiència hepàtica terminal (ESLD) i 34 controls sans (CONT). Vem observar un increment de la població gamma-delta total en tots els grups de pacients trasplantats respecte CONT, que venia determinat per un increment de la població Vdelta1, més significatiu en el cas dels TOL, i una disminució de Vdelta2.
Vem demostrar que les freqüències del fenotip són estables en el temps determinant el percentatge d'expressió de Vdelta1 i Vdelta2 dues vegades amb 14 mesos de diferència.
El fenotipatge realitzat a les poblacions Vdelta1 i Vdelta2 en 19 pacients STA-Liver, va mostrar que aquestes subpoblacions expressen marcadors cel·lulars de superfície, intracel·lulars i funcionals diferents entre si. Aquests marcadors, però no serviren per diferenciar una cohort de 9 TOL i 10 STA-Liver. Vàrem assajar la utilitat diagnòstica dels percentatges de Vdelta1 i Vdelta2 per diferenciar TOL i STA-Liver utilitzant una corba ROC. Els resultats no varen ser positius.
Vam correlacionar la freqüència d'infeccions víriques persistents amb la distribució de les subpoblacions T gamma-delta. CMV i HCV, provocaven una alteració independent entre si i significativa en el ràtio Vdelta1/Vdelta2. Vam estudiar, finalment la diversitat clonal del TCR de la població Vdelta1. Es va clonar i seqüenciar la CDR3 del TCR Vdelta1. Els TOL mostren una tendència, estadísticament significativa, cap a un repertori restringit del TCR Vdelta1. Vam determinar si aquestes seqüències de nucleòtids es traduïen en grups d'aminoàcids compartits en la CDR3 de V1 però el resultat fou negatiu.
1.3. Conclusions
- La majoria dels receptors d'un transplantament mostren un increment en sang perifèrica de la població de cèl·lules T gamma-delta.
- La distribució alterada en sang perifèrica de les subpoblacions T gamma-delta és estable en un període de temps establert.
- Les infeccions per CMV i HCV afecten la freqüència relativa de les subpoblacions gamma-delta i el ràtio Vdelta1/Vdelta2 en sang perifèrica en pacients trasplantats de fetge.
- Les cèl·lules T Vdelta1 mostren ser fenotípica i funcionalment diferents de les Vdelta2.
- El repertori de CDR3 del receptor de les cèl·lules T Vdelta1 està restringit en receptors de fetge tolerants operacionals.
- Ni la quantificació de subpoblacions T gamma-delta ni la seva caracterització fenotípica permeten discriminar de forma acurada entre TOL i els STA-Liver.
2. Anàlisi fenotípic i transcripcional de receptors d'un transplantament de ronyó en monoteràpia amb CsA o sirolimus
2.1 Objectius
- Establir els efectes in vivo de sirolimus i CsA en sang perifèrica utilitzant tècniques de cribatge d'alt rendiment, per generar un perfil fenotípic i transcripcional de les dues cohorts de pacients.
- Determinar l'expressió d'una sèrie de biomarcadors associats a tolerància en aquests pacients, a partir d'un perfil generat anteriorment en tolerants operacionals renals.
2.2 Resultats
Es varen determinar les diferències fenotípiques de les dues cohorts i vàrem determinar que els pacients tractats amb sirolimus (SRL) mostraven un increment en la població CD4 de memòria efectora (CD45RA-CCR7-) respecte els pacients CSA. El grup SRL també presentava un increment en l'expressió de cèl·lules Tregs (CD4+CD25highFoxp3+) comparat amb CSA.
Vam fer estudis de microarray d'Affymetrix a partir de sang perifèrica. Vam fer un anàlisi comparatiu de dades utilitzant SAM (FDR<5%). El resultat d'aquest anàlisi ens va permetre identificar un total de 486 gens upregulated i 586 gens downregulated en el grup SRL respecte CSA.
Per interpretar el conjunt de gens diferentment expressats vam utilitzar el mètode GSEA, que ens va permetre identificar un enriquiment en el grup SRL de vies de senyalització relacionades amb mTOR i vies pro-inflamatòries comparat tant amb CSA com amb el grup d'individus sans.
Utilitzant Haematolgy Expression Atlas vam identificar una representació significativa de trànscrits específics per monòcits i cèl·lules NK en SRL, i per cèl·lules T CD4+ i limfòcits B en el grup CSA.
El software IPA-Tox va identificar NFκB com la via de senyalització més representativa respecte els gens estudiats.
Per últim vàrem determinar la prevalença de biomarcadors relacionats amb tolerància operacional en pacients trasplantats de ronyót. Dels 37 pacients estudiats només 1 SRL i 3 CSA varen ser predits com a potencialment tolerants.
2.3 Conclusions
- Els receptors estables d'un transplantament de fetge en monoteràpia amb sirolimus presenten un increment significatiu de la població TregFoxp3+ respecte tractament amb CsA.
¬- El perfil d'expressió en sang perifèrica del pacients tractats amb sirolimus mostra un enriquiment en vies metabòliques pro-inflamatòries i gens involucrats ambla senyalització mTOR.
-IPA-Tox identifica, entre les respostes farmacològiques prèviament definides, a NFκB com la via de senyalització més toxicològica a partir dels gens diferentment expressats.
- L'aplicació d'una signature de tolerància operacional prèviament definida no és capaç d'identificar diferències entre els pacients tractats amb CsA i els que reben sirolimus.
18
Cohen, Bernard. "Balancing supply and demand in organ transplantation." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2001. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6980.
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Motallebzadeh, Reza. "Tertiary lymphoid organogenesis in solid organ transplantation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608121.
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Falconer, Stuart John. "Tacrolimus pharmacogenomics in abdominal solid organ transplantation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31355.
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Background: Abdominal solid organ transplantation has evolved from an experimental procedure to a well-established therapy within a few decades. This success is largely due to the introduction of calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppression. Tacrolimus is the most widely used calcineurin inhibitor but has a narrow therapeutic range which requires close drug monitoring to prevent both toxicity and inadequate immunosuppression. Previous studies in renal transplantation have shown that genetic polymorphisms, CYP3A5, CYP3A4*22 and ABCB1 can influence the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus. These polymorphisms are closely linked to ethnicity and have never been studied in a Scottish population before. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests that high variability of tacrolimus is linked to increased graft loss in kidney transplant patients. Methods: 5889 subjects were genotyped for the genetic polymorphisms CYP3A5 A > G allele transition, CYP3A4*22 C > T and ABCB1 C > T transition. This included 4899 healthy individuals from Generation Scotland bio-resource and 990 patients who underwent renal, liver, or simultaneous pancreas kidney transplants or were organ donors. Tacrolimus dose, trough level and renal function were measured at 11 time points from date of transplant up to and including 12 months post-transplant. Clinical data including episodes of acute rejection, graft and patient survival were compared between the different genotypes. Separate analyses were undertaken for kidney, SPK transplants, as well as liver transplants, the latter looking at recipient and liver donor genotype. A separate cohort of 103 renal transplant patients converted from twice-daily to once-daily tacrolimus had their tacrolimus variability calculated and compared with graft survival. Results: The distribution of the 3 different genotypes of CYP3A5, CYP3A4*22 and ABCB1 were comparable with other Caucasian populations studied previously. In renal transplant recipient expression of the A allele (GA/AA) led to significantly increased dose requirements of tacrolimus and initially lower tacrolimus trough levels. The different genotypes of ABCB1 had no effect. Expression of a CYP3A4*22 T allele trended towards a lower tacrolimus dose requirement but this was not significant. There was no difference in renal function, graft survival or patient survival with any of the polymorphisms. SPK patients had comparable results. In the liver transplant patients, the donor genotype had a greater influence than the recipient one. The donors with CYP3A5 A allele expression had significantly higher tacrolimus dose requirements and lower initial tacrolimus levels. This was apparent to a lesser extent with the recipient expression of CYP3A5 and did not reach statistical significance at all time points. There was no significant difference in tacrolimus dose requirements or level with either donor or recipient expression of ABCB1 or CYP3A4*22. There was a significantly higher incidence of acute rejection in donor CYP3A5 A allele expressers of liver transplant patients in univariate and multivariate analysis. There was no significant different in acute rejection with ABCB1 or CYP3A4*22 genotype. No differences in graft or patient survival with either donor or recipient genotype of any of the 3 polymorphisms were noted. Conversion from twice-daily to once-daily tacrolimus in the first 12 months post-transplant reduced tacrolimus variability. Patients with high tacrolimus variability pre and post conversion had significantly greater graft loss than patients with low tacrolimus variability. Conclusion: CYP3A5 expression results in increased tacrolimus requirements to achieve adequate immunosuppression in renal transplant and SPK patients. Donor rather than recipient CYP3A5 expression is relevant for liver transplantation and dose requirements. There may be an association with donor CYP3A5 expression in liver transplant patients and acute rejection which needs further evaluation. ABCB1 and CYP3A4*22 do not appear to have a significant impact in any of the organ transplants. High tacrolimus variability is associated increased graft loss in renal transplant patients.
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Ahmed, Irfan. "Improved techniques of organ preservation in transplantation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423000.
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Honey, Karen J. "Mechanisms of transplantation tolerance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301519.
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Shubane, Nancy. "Black critical care nurses' perceptions of organ donation and organ transplantation." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10262009-185326/.
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Akhtar, Mohammed Zeeshan. "Improving the outcomes of kidney transplantation from deceased organ donors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cd7c49f5-e5ce-415b-bdcb-7b59197bc1d0.
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This thesis sought to improve our understanding of how kidneys become injured as a consequence of organ donation, with the aim of improving the outcomes of transplantation. Every year, hundreds of patients on the waiting list die whilst awaiting a kidney transplant. With an ever-increasing demand for suitable organs, supply cannot keep up with the pressures on the transplant waiting list. As a consequence the transplant community are forced to use organs that previously would not have been considered suitable for transplant, including from older donors with additional comorbidities. This thesis aimed to develop an understanding as to how the kidney becomes injured during the donation process, identifying which key cellular homeostatic processes are disturbed as a consequence of donation. The thesis outlines the experimental development of rodent models of organ donation replicating the donation process for donation after brain death (DBD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors and also the development of a kidney ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) model. Proteomics was subsequently used to identifying global protein alterations in the kidney as a consequence of brain death and ischemia reperfusion injury using bioinformatics tools to identify involvement of cellular pathways. The results indicated alterations in mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis occurring following brain death. Alterations in cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function were then confirmed using metabolomics and mitochondrial functional assays. I subsequently evaluated how alterations in cellular hypoxia and the hypoxia inducible factor system is altered in the brain dead organ donor kidney and aimed to target this system as a means of conditioning the brain dead organ donor to prevent mitochondrial and metabolic mediated injury to kidney cells following brain death. This involved exploring the role of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, including dimethyloxalylglycine, on mitochondrial function and whether this could be a therapeutic target in organ donation. This thesis provides important insights into the mechanism of injury of kidneys following brain death, providing evidence that even before procurement and preservation in the DBD donor alterations in mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis occur. I provide preliminary data on the use of prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors in altering mitochondrial function. I also outline my involvement in other ongoing projects in organ donation and machine perfusion that also aim to improve the outcomes of deceased donor kidney and liver transplantation.
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Choice, Edward G. "Liposomal immunosuppressants for the management of organ transplantation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0032/NQ27119.pdf.
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Cabaniss, Thomas Ervin. "The pastor's ministry to people facing organ transplantation." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Brady, Kathryn Marie. "Organ Transplantation: The Ethos of Human Body Parts." Thesis, Boston College, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/513.
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Thesis advisor: Eric StraussA bioethics thesis focusing on the issues of organ transplantation and the organ trade in the nations of China and India. It explains how the organ transplantation procedure is done, the laws pertaining to organ transplantation, the ethics of organ transplantation, the organ trade in its various aspects in the nations of China and India, and finally shares the story of a living organ donor in the United States. It addresses questions such as: How do we classify brain death? Who should be allowed to donate their organs? Should organs be available for sale and purchase? Is the organ trade a violation human rights? It concludes with the author's opinions on the subject, which are decidedly against the organ trade
Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2007
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Braggs-Brown, Angela. "Effect of Race on Organ Recovery and Transplantation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397733817.
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Koshiba, Takaaki. "Implication of immunosuppression in tolerance after organ transplantation." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148727.
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McGregor, Lesley M. "An investigation into the functional and psychosocial impact of living organ donation." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2338.
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General Abstract Objective: In April 2006, the Scottish Liver Transplant Unit (SLTU) became the first NHS transplant unit in the UK to offer the option of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT). This represented a unique opportunity to evaluate the functional and psychosocial impact of LDLT upon healthy donors and their recipients. Subsequent aims were to investigate the challenge of introducing LDLT in Scotland and to establish the perceived deterrents and attractions of the procedure. An additional aim was to evaluate the impact of Living Donor Kidney Transplantation (LDKT) upon donors and recipients. Design: A series of cross sectional and longitudinal studies were designed for the purpose of this thesis (3 quantitative, 2 qualitative, and 1 mixed methods). Method: Self report questionnaires were used in each of the quantitative studies, with the addition of neuropsychological computerized tests in two studies. Semi-structured interviews were employed in the qualitative studies. Main Findings: •Prior to its introduction general support for the option of LDLT was found, although it was highlighted that the risk involved was not well understood by the general public. •Since becoming available LDLT has not been a readily acceptable treatment option from the perspective of patients due to the perceived risk for the donor, but it may be considered as a “last option”. Family members were motivated to save their loved one’s life but the personal implications of donating resulted in reconsideration of LDLT. • Staff at the SLTU perceived a lack of family commitment in relation to LDLT, which is explained as a cultural factor contributing to the slow uptake of LDLT. In Scotland, a donation from a younger to an older generation is not easily accepted. This, in addition to patients’ optimism that a deceased donation will arrive, and the poor health of potential donors, is thought to have affected the uptake of LDLT. As has the unit’s conservative approach to the promotion of LDLT. This approach is the result of a perceived reduction in the need for LDLT and a preference to avoid the risk to a healthy donor and conduct transplants with deceased donations. • In over 3 years, only one couple completed LDLT. The recipient showed functional and psychosocial improvement from pre to post procedure, whilst the donor showed slight deterioration in aspects of quality of life 6 weeks post donation, which did not always completely return to a baseline level by 6 months. The donor made sacrifices to provide her husband with a fresh start to life and unmet expectations were found to effect quality of life. •Willingness to become a liver donor is not thought to be influenced by the frame of the information provided. •Like the LDLT donor, LDKT donors experience some functional and psychosocial deterioration at 6 weeks post donation, but donors largely recover by 6 months post donation. However, the anticipated benefit to recipients was not evident and may not be quantifiable until after 6 months post operation. Conclusion: This thesis has added to current knowledge on living organ donation and specifically represents the first psychological evaluation of a UK LDLT programme. The slow uptake of LDLT was unexpected and has resulted in informative, novel research.
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Eriksson, Leif. "Lung transplantation clinical and experimental studies /." Lund : Depts. of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Physiology, University of Lund, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39068785.html.
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Wortman, Morris Rachel. "Facing the Waitlist: Visual Grammars of Organ Donation and Transplantation." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338035019.
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Hesselink, Dennis Alexander. "Optimization of calcineurin inhibitor treatment after solid organ transplantation." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/10510.
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Spirig, Rolf. "Role and modulation of dendritic cells in organ transplantation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/09spirig_r.pdf.
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Gieschen-Krische, Mary. "The role of NKT cells following solid organ transplantation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-nkt-cells-following-solid-organ-transplantation(321a0a4b-336e-44dd-a608-58f7ea58e27e).html.
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Introduction: NKT cells are categorised as borderline between NK and T cells, sharing phenotypic and functional characteristics of both cells, demonstrating their capacity to contritube to both pro- or anti-inflammatory processes. However, the role of these cells among lung transplant recipients remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the role of NKT cells following lung transplantation. Methods: NKT cells were quantified and characterised according to markers of: activation (CD107a, CD161, NKG2D) and immunomodulation (CD200 and CD200R) in peripheral blood and BALs. NKT cell numbers and phenotypes were correlated to clinical variables: immunosuppression, acute rejection, acute infections (viral, bacterial and fungal), bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS grade), lung function, and demographic variables. Interactions between NKT cells and the transplanted lung were linked by determining the relative expression of immunomodulatory ligand CD200 in lung biopsies. In vitro models were employed to determine the role of NKT cells to acute lung injury, either alone or in combination with cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Results: Higher numbers of immunomodulatory NKT cells (CD200+ and CD200R+) were found as lung function decreased. Data from peripheral blood indicates that recipients whose donors or themselves had been exposed to CMV infection demonstrated increased numbers of NKT cells. Patients with active EBV infections demonstrated higher NKT cell numbers expressing CD200 and CD200R. Data from BALs, indicates that patients with active fungal infections present higher immunomodulatory (CD200R) NKT cells and lower cytotoxicity marker (CD107a). In peripheral blood, lung recipients demonstrated higher NKT cell numbers compared to healthy volunteers. However, the lower relative mean expression of functional markers in the lung transplant group suggests that cells are less active. In vitro cultures with immunosuppressants demonstrated that cell cycle inhibitors (MMF and AZA) and corticosteroids (Prednisolone) are likely to inhibit NKT cell proliferation, while calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporine A and Tacrolimus) decrease the relative mean expression of activation markers. Clinical observations indicate that higher doses of Azathioprine may correlate with increased NKT cell numbers and the relative expression of CD200 and CD200R. However, under these conditions the relative expression of activation marker NKG2D decreases. In vitro data from the acute injury model indicates that NKT cells are capable to migrate into the injured lung and become activated following transmigration which is facilitated by the presence of monocytes. We also observed the interaction of NKT cells with endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages. Also, the relative mean expression of CD200 and CD200R increased at the capillary layer, regardless of injury while upregulation of activation markers (CD107a, CD161 and NKG2D) was found at the capillary layer, following injury. In contrast, the alveolar layer demonstrated a decrease in both activation and immunomodulatory markers, following acute injury. Conclusions: Despite immunosuppression, NKT cells remain present in peripheral blood and BAL following lung transplantation. NKT cell proliferation is likely to be reduced by effect of cell cycle inhibitors, while calcineurin inhibitors exert an immunomodulatory effect. Our data indicates that NKT cells can participate in inflammatory and immunomodulatory events at the alveolar bilayer. Their capacity to infiltrate the lungs was assisted by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), which play an important role in antigen presentation and modulation of acute injury. Further research is needed to elucidate the signals and mechanisms occurring between NKT and MPS interactions and the outcomes these populations drive in acute lung injury.
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Dare, Anna Jane. "Targeting mitochondria during ischaemia-reperfusion injury in organ transplantation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708069.
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Forsythe, John L. R. "Markers of immune activation following renal transplantation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241290.
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GRINDA, JEAN-MICHEL. "Transplantation des organes intra-thoraciques : variations techniques a volonte ; experience recente et revue critique de la litterature." Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE6507.
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Higginbotham, Bradley Y. Beard T. Randolph. "An examination of the impact of the Organ Donation Breakthrough Collaborative on kidney transplant activity." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1738.
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Yoshikawa, Tetsushi. "Human herpesvirus 6 iInfection in transplantation." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5363.
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Zheng, Ling 1958. "Airway inflammation and remodelling post human lung transplantation." Monash University, Dept. of Medicine, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8099.
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Labuschagne, Debbie. "An analysis of organ transplantation in South Africa with specific reference to organ procurement." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40613.
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Most South Africans die without their organs being harvested for transplantation. In a country where motor vehicle accidents or violent crime are often the cause of death, presumably leaving most of the organs fit for transplantation, it is astounding that the offer of organs doesn’t meet the demand. The aim of this dissertation is to find a practical solution for the current shortage of transplantable human organs in South Africa. This is achieved by critically discussing current South African legislation regulating organ transplantation, considering alternative organ procurement methods, as well as the impact that bioethics and the Constitution might have on the success of an organ procurement system. This dissertation is concluded with the realisation that although the current organ procurement method needs to be changed to required request, relieving the organ shortage will only be achieved by combining several proposed legislative changes, including, but not limited to, creating a national donor as well as a national waiting list; launching an educational campaign; limiting the role of relatives; and expanding the definition of death for the purpose of organ harvesting.
KEY TERMS: organ procurement methods; National Health Act; Constitution; organ shortage; bioethics; autonomy; dignity; required request.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
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Poliachik, Sandra Louise. "Transplant organ preservation cooler." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41591.
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A method for preserving transplant organs for extended periods of time has been developed in the transplant organ preservation cooler. The preservation cooler enhances organ viability by maintaining a temperature controlled organ bath and pumping perfusate through the transplant organ.
The emphasis on the transplant organ preservation cooler is to provide a simple and portable system which will be powered by boiled off oxygen from a liquid oxygen source. The design of the preservation cooler pump and temperature control system are presented. Results of tests proving the successful operation of the preservation cooler prototype are also presented.Master of Science
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Fisher, Karen Joan. "Allocating scarce resources an ethical case study of organ transplantation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Sikirić, Mina. "Livet efter en transplantation : Att leva med ett nytt organ." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18788.
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Transplantation är idag etablerad behandling vid leversvikt och njursvikt med mycket goda resultat gällande överlevnad. För patienten är det dock en stor omställning att lida av en livshotande sjukdom och i nästa stund ha fått någon annan människas organ som gör det möjligt att leva. Den nya livssituationen ställer stora krav på patientens anpassningsförmåga då behandlingen med immundämpande mediciner orsakar en mängd konsekvenser i det dagliga livet och hälsotillståndet. För att kunna hjälpa patienten i deras återhämtningsprocess måste vi som sjuksköterskor ta del av människans livsvärld där patienters upplevelser och erfarenheter har en central roll. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva människors upplevelser av att leva med en ny njure eller lever under de första åren efter transplantationen.Metoden är en litteraturstudie som utgår ifrån evidensbaserad omvårdnad med grund i analys av kvalitativ forskning eftersom patienters upplevelser av sin situation skall beskrivas. Resultatet sammanställs i teman: Att leva med otryggheten inför framtiden, betydelsen av en stödjande omgivning, tacksamhet för det nya livet, upplevelser av bristande autonomi, kampen om en nyorientering, medicineringens effekt på vardagen, behov av information.I resultatdiskussion diskuteras några av de teman som framkommit i resultatet. Otryggheten inför framtiden är centralt i resultatet. Rädslan för en avstötning präglar hela tillvaron och upplevs som ett osynligt hot. Stöd från familj och vänner upplevs som mycket viktigt för patienternas återhämtningsprocess. Efter transplantationen hamnar många i en ekonomisk svår situation som hämmar patienternas integritet och förmågan att återvända till ett normalt livsmönster. Det betonas även hur betydelsefullt det är att patienten är ordentligt informerad. I resultatdiskussionen belyses även praktiska implikationer för den kliniska omvårdnaden samt frågor av intresse för vidare forskning.Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
Uppsatsnivå: C
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Lan, Qing. "Organ Viability Assessment in Transplantation based on Data-driven Modeling." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97126.
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Organ transplantation is one of the most important and effective solutions to save end-stage patients, who have one or more critical organ failures. However, the inadequate organs for transplantation to meet the demands has been the major issue. Even worse, the lack of accurate non-invasive assessment methods wastes 20% of donor organs every year. Currently, the most frequently used organ assessment methods are visual inspections and biopsy. Yet both methods are subjective: the assessment accuracy depends on the evaluator's experience. Moreover, repeating biopsies will potentially damage the organs. To reduce the waste of donor organs, online non-invasive and quantitative organ assessment methods are in great needs.
Organ viability assessment is a challenging issue due to four reasons: 1) there are no universally accepted guidelines or procedures for surgeons to quantitatively assess the organ viability; 2) there is no easy-deployed and non-invasive biological in situ data to correlate with organ viability; 3) the organs viability is difficult to model because of heterogeneity among organs; 4) both visual inspection and biopsy can be applied only at present time, and how to forecast the viability of similar-but-non-identical organs at a future time is still in shadow.
Motivated by the challenges, the overall objective of this dissertation is to develop online non-invasive and quantitative assessment methods to predict and forecast the organ viability. As a result, four data-driven modeling research tasks are investigated to achieve the overall objective:
1) Quantitative and qualitative models are used to jointly predict the number of dead cells and the liver viability based on features extracted from biopsy images. This method can quantitatively assess the organ viability, which could be used to validate the biopsy results from pathologists to increase the evaluation accuracy.
2) A multitask learning logistic regression model is applied to assess liver viability by using principal component analysis to extract infrared image features to quantify the correlation between liver viability and spatial infrared imaging data. This non-invasive online assessment method can evaluate the organ viability without physical contact to reduce the risk of damaging the organs.
3) A spatial-temporal smooth variable selection method is conducted to improve the liver viability prediction accuracy by considering both spatial and temporal effects from the infrared images without feature engineering. In addition, it provides medical interpretation based on variable selection to highlight the most significant regions on the liver resulting in viability loss.
4) A multitask general path model is implemented to forecast the heterogeneous kidney viability based on limited historical data by learning the viability loss paths of each kidney during preservation. The generality of this method is validated by tissue deformation forecasting in needle biopsy process to potentially improve the biopsy accuracy.
In summary, the proposed data-driven methods can predict and forecast the organ viability without damaging the organ. As a result, the increased utilization rate of donor organs will benefit more end-stage patients by dramatically extending their life spans.Doctor of Philosophy
Organ transplantation is the ultimate solution to save end-stage patients with one or more organ failures. However, the inadequate organs for transplantation to meet the demands has been the major issue. Even worse, the lack of accurate and non-invasive viability assessment methods wastes 20% of donor organs every year. Currently, the most frequently used organ assessment methods are visual inspections and biopsy. Yet both methods are subjective: the assessment accuracy depends on the personal experience of evaluator. Moreover, repeating biopsies will potentially damage the organs. As a result, online non-invasive and quantitative organ assessment methods are in great needs. It is extremely important because such methods will increase the organ utilization rate by saving more discarded organs with transplantation potential. The overall objective of this dissertation is to advance the knowledge on modeling organ viability by developing online non-invasive and quantitative methods to predict and forecast the viability of heterogeneous organs in transplantation. After an introduction in Chapter 1, four research tasks are investigated. In Chapter 2, quantitative and qualitative models jointly predicting porcine liver viability are proposed based on features from biopsy images to validate the biopsy results. In Chapter 3, a multi-task learning logistic regression model is proposed to assess the cross-liver viability by correlating liver viability with spatial infrared data validated by porcine livers. In Chapter 4, a spatial-temporal smooth variable selection is proposed to predict liver viability by considering both spatial and temporal correlations in modeling without feature engineering, which is also validated by porcine livers. In addition, the variable selection results provide medical interpretations by capturing the significant regions on the liver in predicting viability. In Chapter 5, a multitask general path model is proposed to forecast kidney viability validated by porcine kidney. This forecasting method is generalized to apply to needle biopsy tissue deformation case study with the objective to improve the needle insertion accuracy. Finally, I summarize the research contribution and discuss future research directions in Chapter 6. The proposed data-driven methods can predict and forecast organ viability without damaging the organ. As a result, the increased utilization rate of donor organs will benefit more patients by dramatically extending their life spans and bringing them back to normal daily activities.
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Koulmanda, Maria. "Transplantation of organ cultured foetal islets of Langerhans in mice." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29492.
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Foetal islets are functionally immature but retain their capacity for proliferation if harvested and cultured in an appropriate manner. Graft function was shown to depend largely on the gestational age and conditions of organ culture prior to transplantation. The required period of organ culture for optimal graft function was investigated for foetal mouse pancreas of different gestational ages. The growth of the graft in situ also depended on the diabetic state of the host, and chronic hyperglycaemia appeared to impair graft function. Subsequent studies using NOD recipient mice as a model for IDDM showed that recurrent autoimmune disease was seen in foetal islet isografts but rapid rejection of allografts and foetal pig xenografts also occurred. The striking differences seen between the allo-, and xenograft response was the presence of many eosinophils that dominated the infiltrate at the xenograft site. However, HAR was not a problem in this discordant xenograft and Gal(1-3)Gal expression, the major epitope for xenoreactive Ab, was not present on differentiated cells but was detectable on ductal cells. A brief treatment with a specific anti-CD4 MAb (GK1.5) had a profound effect in the survival of xenografts in NOD mice. There were consistent differences in xenograft survival and in the number of circulating T and B cells in other strains of mice, e.g. CBA, BALB/c, C57BL/6 compared to NOD mice. Prolongation of xenograft survival for up to 12 weeks was achieved with the use of peri-transplant and weekly treatment with anti-CD4 or anti-CD3 MAbs especially when the graft has been "immunomodulated" by using 90% O2 in organ culture. Using this protocol foetal pig xenografts maturing under the kidney capsule of spontaneously diabetic NOD mice reversed hyperglycaemia and appeared also to secrete growth factor(s) that induced regeneration of cells in the host pancreas.
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Van, den Berg Leon. "Organ and tissue donation and transplantation a perspective of South African Baptists from the Baptist Northern Association and its implications for preaching /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10022007-164428/.
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Chan, Hoi-sing Peter. "Psychosocial outcomes of living donors after living donor liver transplantation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29760318.
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Bai, Xuemai. "Measurements of thermal properties and analysis of heat transfer in organ cryopreservation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239211.
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