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Journal articles on the topic 'Transport characteristics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 May 2022

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1

Said, Hamid M., Kent Van Voorhis, Fayez K. Ghishan, Naji Abumrad, William Nylander, and Reyadh Redha. "Transport characteristics of glutamine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 259, no. 2 (August 1, 1990): G327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.2.g327.

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2

Sineva, A. V. "Transport characteristics of microemulsions." Russian Chemical Bulletin 42, no. 9 (September 1993): 1451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00699172.

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3

Arasan, Venkatachalam Thamizh, and Shriniwas Shrikant Arkatkar. "MODELLING HETEROGENEOUS TRAFFIC FLOW ON UPGRADES OF INTERCITY ROADS." TRANSPORT 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.16.

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The effect of an upgrade and its length is very significant for traffic flow characteristics. Road traffic in developing countries like India is highly heterogeneous comprising vehicles of wide ranging physical dimensions, weight and dynamic characteristics such as engine power, acceleration rate, etc. Due to these variations, the effect of grade on vehicles in heterogeneous traffic may vary significantly among vehicle categories. Variation in the level of the interaction between vehicles on upgrades may result in different sets of traffic flow characteristics. Hence, it is necessary to model traffic flow on upgrades and study, in depth, changes in traffic flow characteristics with alteration in the magnitude of an upgrade and its length. Computer simulation has emerged as an effective technique for modelling traffic flow due to its capability to account for randomness related to traffic. This study is concerned with applying a simulation model of heterogeneous traffic flow, named HETEROSIM, to study the traffic flow characteristics and performance of different vehicle types on upgrades of different magnitudes.

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Lata, Michael, and Jaroslav Čáp. "THE STEEPNESS OF THE RISING BRANCH OF ADHESIVE CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN WHEEL AND RAIL." TRANSPORT 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.03.

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The article describes the limiting parameters of the rising branch of adhesive characteristics. Attention is paid to the actual results of experimental research conducted by the authors. A summary of the obtained knowledge is made. In addition, a test stand of tram wheels driven by the synchronous motor and the carried out experiments are described. A comparison of the achieved results is drawn.

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5

Jović, Jadranka, and Vladimir Đorić. "TRAFFIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL STREET NETWORK MODELLING: BELGRADE CASE STUDY." TRANSPORT 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.19.

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The paper presents a procedure for modelling transport demand and analyses effects caused by changes in the characteristics of street network exploitation. Based on the effects of the measures predominantly connected with speed restrictions on characteristic sections, the Scenarios resulting in reduced congestion during peak hour and a decrease in harmful effects of traffic were selected. A rough effectivity analysis of transport vehicle kilometres travelled and travel time on the network was carried out. Transportation modeling is the most efficient way to analyze the effects of traffic solutions. Once established, transport model brings only benefits in future projects. Speed reduction strategy was easily simulated using the transportation modeling procedure. Other sustainable transport and mobility management strategies considering sustainable transportation could also be simulated.

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Chang, Yen-Lin, and Chau-Jen Lee. "Solute transport characteristics in hemodiafiltration." Journal of Membrane Science 39, no. 2 (November 1988): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(00)80983-7.

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7

Thai, Huy Truong, Andrey Rementsov, Khac Minh Nguyen, and AnhTuan Le. "Taxi transport characteristics in Vietnam." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 832 (June 9, 2020): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/832/1/012070.

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8

Fujiwara, Yoshinari, Yuji Tomita, Haruo Satou, and Katsuya Funatsu. "Characteristics of Hydraulic Capsule Transport." JSME International Journal Series B 37, no. 1 (1994): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.37.89.

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9

Machura, Lukasz, Marcin Kostur, and Jerzy Łuczka. "Transport characteristics of molecular motors." Biosystems 94, no. 3 (December 2008): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2008.05.033.

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10

Saraswati, V., and G. V. Rama Rao. "Transmission characteristics of transport alumina." Journal of Materials Science Letters 5, no. 11 (November 1986): 1095–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01742209.

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11

Kudryavtsev, Sergey, Vladlen Stefanyuk, and Natalia Sokolova. "Dynamic Characteristics of Transport Structures." Transportation Research Procedia 54 (2021): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.02.056.

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12

Carrigan, S. A., Y. Asada, A. Travers, J. Goldstein, and A. Carter. "LO019: The prevalence and characteristics of non-transported EMS patients in Nova Scotia." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S36—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.56.

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Introduction: An undefined yet potentially significant risk for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems are patients who access 911 with an ambulance response who are not transported to hospital (non-transport). Our objective was to determine the prevalence and associated characteristics of non-transport and potentially clinically adverse non-transports in Nova Scotia. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of pooled cross-sectional, population-based administrative data in a provincial EMS system that provides care to 920,000 residents. Electronic patient care record (ePCR) data was retrospectively analyzed for one calendar year (2014). The dependent variables were non-transport status and potentially adverse non-transport status. Potentially adverse non-transports were defined as a repeat call within 48 hours for a related complaint with the outcome of transport or death. Independent variables include patient characteristics, (age, sex, vitals and paramedic clinical impression), operational (crew type and response code) and environmental (time, date, and location). For both objectives we determined the prevalence of the outcome of interest, and associated characteristics. Results: There were 74,471 EMS responses between January to December 2014, 18.9% (n=14, 094/74,471) resulted in a non-transport. The characteristics most associated with non-transport are: age, paramedic clinical impressions, number of co-morbidities, response mode, and incident location type. As age decreased, the likelihood of non-transport increased. Younger non-transported patients (0-15 years old) (OR 2.2, 99.9% CI 1.9-2.5) are more likely to have non-transport. Relative to other paramedic clinical impressions, glycemic issues (OR 4.8; 99.9% CI 3.9-5.7) and wellness checks (OR 6.5; 99.9% CI 5.7-7.3) are more likely to have a non-transport. Non-transports are more likely at a detention facility (OR 4.1; 99.9% CI 3.2-5.1) or a roadway (OR 2.4; 99.9% CI 2.1-2.8). 5.6% (n=798/14094) of non-transport patients were classified as a potentially adverse non-transport. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a significant portion of patients (18.9%) had a non-transport outcome, but only a small percentage (5.6%) were considered potentially adverse. The results of this study provide timely information to policy makers and healthcare practitioners on the scope of this issue, and suggest potential directions for future study and clinical decision making.

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Pokorski, Janusz, Hubert Sar, and Andrzej Reński. "INFLUENCE OF EXPLOITATION CONDITIONS ON ANTI-SKID PROPERTIES OF TYRES." Transport 34, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.10426.

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Tyre-to-road adhesion plays an important role when taking into account transmission of forces between tyres and road surface. It consequently influences vehicle safety. Moreover, it plays a significant role for modelling vehicle motion, which is often applied in the development of automotive active safety systems and in traffic accidents reconstruction. Furthermore, tyre-to-road adhesion properties are dependent on many factors. One of the factors is the type of tyre – summer or winter. This is the reason why it is justified to study the anti-slip properties of summer and winter tyres. This paper shows the method of measuring tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient. It is based on a skid resistance tester SRT-4 that consists of a special dynamometer trailer, towing vehicle and test-measuring equipment. It was designed to be applied in civil/road engineering and further developed. As a result, the SRT-4 system automatically obtains adhesion characteristics, such as the graph of tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient as a function of wheel slip ratio and velocity characteristics of peak adhesion coefficient. Results of the study present the above mentioned characteristics for different types of tyres (summer, winter) in different exploitation conditions. Differences between presented characteristics caused by tyre type and conditions of exploitation are shown. For example, for winter tyres we noticed that the peak value of adhesion coefficient was attained for higher values of slip ratio as compared with summer tyres.

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14

Zhu, Tao, Shou-Ne Xiao, Guang-Zhong Hu, Guang-Wu Yang, and Chao Yang. "CRASHWORTHINESS ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF METRO VEHICLES CONSTRUCTED FROM TYPICAL MATERIALS AND THE LUMPED PARAMETER MODEL OF FRONTAL IMPACT." Transport 34, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7552.

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This paper establishes a Finite Element (FE) model of a rigid barrier impact of a single vehicle constructed from carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminum alloy, which are three typical materials used in metro vehicle car body structures. The different responses of the three materials during the collision are compared. According to the energy absorption, velocity, deformation and collision force flow characteristics of each vehicle, the relationship between the energy absorption ratio of the vehicle body and the energy absorption ratio of its key components is proposed. Based on the collision force flow distribution proportion of each component, the causes of the key components’ deformation are analysed in detail. The internal relationship between the deformation, energy absorption and impact force of the key components involved in a car body collision is elucidated. By determining the characteristic parameters describing the vehicle’s dynamic stiffness, a metro vehicle frontal impact model using lumped parameters is established that provides a simple and efficient conceptual design method for railway train safety design. These research results can be used to guide the design of railway trains for structural crashworthiness.

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15

Vaitkus, Audrius, Tadas Andriejauskas, Ovidijus Šernas, Donatas Čygas, and Alfredas Laurinavičius. "DEFINITION OF CONCRETE AND COMPOSITE PRECAST CONCRETE PAVEMENTS TEXTURE." Transport 34, no. 3 (June 11, 2019): 404–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.10411.

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In the context of increasing traffic demands and emerging mobility trends road infrastructure has to shift towards the fifth generation of roads, which according to Forever Open Road (FOR) vision are envisioned as adaptable to traffic volumes, resilient to changing weather conditions, quickly built, effectively maintained, suitable for retrofitting, self-monitoring, self-repairing and recyclable. Concrete modular pavements can be defined as an example of such type of road infrastructure. Functional needs are mainly associated with implementation area/location, traffic and mobility demands, environmental constraints and etc. This also has a significant impact on the selection of Precast Concrete Pavements (PCP) texture formation method and materials. Concrete pavement surface texture affects both safety and tyre/road noise characteristics. Exposed Aggregate Concrete (EAC) and porous concrete are the most suitable noise reducing solutions for highways and streets wearing layer even in severe traffic and climate conditions. According to the literature analysis, the algorithm of highways and streets low noise concrete design was created. It is recommended to use the highest quality aggregates with maximum size up to 8 mm, gap-graded gradation, higher amount of cement and lower water/cement ratio. The most important characteristics of EAC are Mean Profile Depth (MPD), Mean Texture Depth (MTD) and profile count, while the most important characteristics of porous concrete are compressive strength, outflow and air void content.

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16

Kordel, Zdzisław, and Jerzy Waśkiewicz. "Characteristics of Polish international freight transport." Transport Economics and Logistics 80 (December 31, 2018): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etil.2018.80.12.

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The aim of the article was to present data on the condition of the Polish sector of international freight transport, including transport potential, transport performance according to types of transport and its share in the European market, as well as the results of ITS cost studies. The results of the average cost of 1 vehicle kilometers traveled of milage and unitary costs in the years 2009–2016 were analyzed in the surveyed companies performing transport mainly on the EU market.

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17

Ismeik, Muhannad, and Ahmed Al-Kaisy. "CHARACTERIZATION OF CELL PHONE USE WHILE DRIVING IN JORDAN." TRANSPORT 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.31.

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A substantial body of research has shown that the use of cell phones while driving can impair driving performance thus representing a relevant traffic safety issue. The conducted studies have indicated that with an increase in general cell phone use, phoning while driving has also grown. For around 80% of Jordan's population that own cell phones, phoning while driving has become a legitimate concern for potential safety hazards. In order to effectively target interventions towards the drivers using cell phones while driving, information about the characteristics of these respondents is needed. The present study investigates the extent of cell phone use on Jordan's roads and the characteristics of drivers who use cell phones while driving. The data was collected using a questionnaire survey to examine the relationship between phoning while driving and driver demographics, driving experience and exposure and characteristics of users. Among all participants, the study demonstrated that those who reported the use of hands‐free devices tended to use the cell phone more often and for a longer duration of time. Further, male drivers tended to use the cell phone while driving more frequently and for longer duration compared with female drivers. In regards to pulling off the road while using the cell phone, the study found this practice to be more prevalent among females, older drivers and more educated drivers. The study has also revealed other findings that are important for characterizing the trend towards using the cell phone while driving in Jordan.

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18

Zika, Michael R., and Marvin L. Adams. "Transport Synthetic Acceleration for Long-Characteristics Assembly-Level Transport Problems." Nuclear Science and Engineering 134, no. 2 (February 2000): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nse00-a2107.

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19

Waniewski, Jacek. "Mathematical Models for Peritoneal Transport Characteristics." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 19, no. 2_suppl (February 1999): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089901902s32.

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Four mathematical models and for the description of peritoneal transport of fluid solutes are reviewed. The membrane model is usually applied for (1) separation of transport components, (2) formulation of the relationship between flow components and their driving forces, and (3) estimation of transport parameters. The three-pore model provides correct relationships between various transport parameters and demonstrates that the peritoneal membrane should be considered heteroporous. The extended threepore model discriminates between heteroporous capillary wall and tissue layer, which are assumed to be arranged in series; the model improves and modifies the results of the three-pore model. The distributed model includes all parameters involved in peritoneal transport and takes into account the real structure of the tissue with capillaries distributed at various distances from the surface of the tissue. How the distributed model may be applied for the evaluation of the possible impact of perfusion rate on peritoneal transport, as recently discussed for clinical and experimental studies, is demonstrated. The distributed model should provide theoretical bases for the application of other models as approximate and simplified descriptions of peritoneal transport. However, an unsolved problem is the theoretical description of bi-directional fluid transport, which includes ultrafiltration to the peritoneal cavity owing to the osmotic pressure of dialysis fluid and absorption out of the peritoneal cavity owing to hydrostatic pressure.

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20

Plazibat, Veljko, Maja Krčum, and Tomislav Skračić. "Tools of Quality in Determining the Characteristics of Services in Maritime Passenger Transport." Naše more 62, no. 2 (June 2015): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/nm/2015/2.2.

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21

Windhorst, Robert, and Mark Ardema. "Some Characteristics of Supersonic Transport Trajectories." Journal of Aircraft 42, no. 4 (July 2005): 1079–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.11940.

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22

Srivastava, G. P., and Iorwerth O. Thomas. "Tunable Thermal Transport Characteristics of Nanocomposites." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10040673.

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We present a study of tunable thermal transport characteristics of nanocomposites by employing a combination of a full-scale semi-ab inito approach and a generalised and extended modification of the effective medium theory. Investigations are made for planar superlattices (PSLs) and nanodot superlattices (NDSLs) constructed from isotropic conductivity covalent materials Si and Ge, and NDSLs constructed from anisotropic conductivity covalent-van der Waals materials MoS 2 and WS 2 . It is found that difference in the conductivities of individual materials, period size, volume fraction of insertion, and atomic-level interface quality are the four main parameters to control phonon transport in nanocomposite structures. It is argued that the relative importance of these parameters is system dependent. The equal-layer thickness Si/Ge PSL shows a minimum in the room temperature conductivity for the period size of around 4 nm, and with a moderate amount of interface mass smudging this value lies below the conductivity of SiGe alloy.

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23

Breitsamter, C. "Wake vortex characteristics of transport aircraft." Progress in Aerospace Sciences 47, no. 2 (February 2011): 89–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2010.09.002.

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Pfister, Michael, and Willi H. Hager. "Chute Aerators. I: Air Transport Characteristics." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 136, no. 6 (June 2010): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000189.

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25

Abou El-Ela, F. M., and A. Z. Mohamed. "Electron Transport Characteristics of Wurtzite GaN." ISRN Condensed Matter Physics 2013 (September 9, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/654752.

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A three-valley Monte Carlo simulation approach was used to investigate electron transport in wurtzite GaN such as the drift velocity, the drift mobility, the average electron energy, energy relaxation time, and momentum relaxation time at high electric fields. The simulation accounted for polar optical phonon, acoustic phonon, piezoelectric, intervalley scattering, and Ridley charged impurity scattering model. For the steady-state transport, the drift velocity against electric field showed a negative differential resistance of a peak value of 2.9×105 m/s at a critical electric field strength 180×105 V/m. The electron drift velocity relaxes to the saturation value of 1.5×105 m/s at very high electric fields. The electron velocities against time over wide range of electric fields are reported.

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Hu, Chunhong, and Yujia Hui. "Bed-Load Transport. I: Mechanical Characteristics." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 122, no. 5 (May 1996): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1996)122:5(245).

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27

Hu, Chunhong, and Yujia Hui. "Bed-Load Transport. II: Stochastic Characteristics." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 122, no. 5 (May 1996): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1996)122:5(255).

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28

Servaites, J. C. "Kinetic characteristics of chloroplast glucose transport." Journal of Experimental Botany 53, no. 374 (July 1, 2002): 1581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erf009.

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Ikuta, Nobuaki, and Eiji Nishi. "Thermal Region in Ion Transport Characteristics." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 61, no. 4 (April 15, 1992): 1132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.61.1132.

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30

SINEVA, A. V. "ChemInform Abstract: Transport Characteristics of Microemulsions." ChemInform 25, no. 36 (August 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199436307.

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31

Nam Do, V., and H. Anh Le. "Transport characteristics of graphene-metal interfaces." Applied Physics Letters 101, no. 16 (October 15, 2012): 161605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4761940.

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32

Morti, S., and A. L. Zydney. "TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT HEMODIALYSIS MEMBRANES." ASAIO Journal 46, no. 2 (March 2000): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200003000-00278.

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33

Wang, Gunuk, Tae-Wook Kim, and Takhee Lee. "Electrical transport characteristics through molecular layers." Journal of Materials Chemistry 21, no. 45 (2011): 18117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1jm12702k.

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34

钟, 丹丹. "Transport Characteristics of Urea Transporter-B." Journal of Physiology Studies 02, no. 01 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jps.2014.21001.

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35

Raslavičius, Laurencas, and Žilvinas Bazaras. "THE POSSIBILITY OF INCREASING THE QUANTITY OF OXYGENATE S IN FUEL BLENDS WITH NO DIESEL ENGINE MODIFICATIONS." TRANSPORT 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.11.

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Two fuel kinds of organic origin including rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and ethanol (E) were selected for their different physical-chemical parameters to study the maximum apt volume of oxygenates to mix fossil diesel (D) and establish expectancy to apply D–RME–E blend as a fuel for the unmodified high–speed diesel engine (a combustion chamber consists of a dished piston). The objective of the article is to provide an explicit relationship between the nature of fuel composition and diesel engine operating parameters. The results of the carried out tests on the engine oriented on dynamic and emission characteristics using various portions of the before mentioned bio-components in diesel fuel are presented. Engine behaviour seemed to be improved in the presence of ethanol additives in D–RME blend with a reduction in pollutant emissions in exhaust gases, fuel consumption, ameliorated cetane number, ignition delay time and physical-chemical characteristics of the investigated compounds. The positive and negative aspects of applying bio-based additives in fossil diesel are reported and discussed.

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Bullough, John D., and Xiang Liu. "ASSESSING THE VISIBILITY OF RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS AND ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF DELINEATION." Transport 35, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.12072.

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Raised Pavement Markers (RPMs) are used by a number of transportation agencies with the objective of improving roadway safety, especially in complex roadway geometries and along wet roads. Because of maintenance and cost issues, many transportation agencies are exploring alternatives to RPMs such as wet reflective pavement tape and barrier-mounted reflective delineators. In order to assess the relative potential of these devices to contribute to nighttime driving safety, the luminances of new and used RPM samples from different manufacturers and having different colors and of several alternative delineation devices were measured in the laboratory using a range of geometric conditions relevant to the driving task. From these data, Luminances under representative low-beam headlight illumination were determined and these quantities were used to estimate driver visual performance. Large variations in luminance yielded relatively small differences in visual performance for a viewing distance of 100 m, primarily because of the plateau characteristic of visual performance. Differences in threshold visibility distances were greater, with distances at identification threshold for the devices measured ranging approximately from 150 to 400 m. Used RPMs had luminances 20…30% lower than new RPMs but similar visibility characteristics as new devices. The analysis method in this study may be useful for practitioners seeking to characterize the visual effectiveness of RPMs and other roadway delineation devices and systems.

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37

Edelman, T., and D. N. Eggink. "SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DUTCH COAST." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 8 (January 29, 2011): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v8.41.

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The Dutch coast is over its whole length a sandy coast* Along such a coast the changes in shape of the coast-line are determined by transport of sediments, in oasu sand, along the coast. This transport is brought about by water and by air. The latter, the eolian transport, though it may here some importance, has been neglected in this study* The marine transport along the Dutch coast is caused by currents and by waves; we do not know which is the most important. In this study the transport by waves is considered to be the effect of waves, moving in one predominant direction; the transport by currents is taken into aooount as a transport by tidal currents only. We should like to underline her* the very general character of the following considerations.

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38

Ugnenko, Evgenija, Vadim Gavrish, Gintas Viselga, Giedrius Garbinčius, Vytautas Turla, and Saulius Nagurnas. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF CARRIAGEWAY OPERATIONAL CONDITION INFLUENCE ON ACOUSTIC ROADSIDE AREA POLLUTION." Transport 34, no. 5 (December 18, 2019): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.11709.

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Environmental noise management is an important part of the policy across the EU policy context, because transportation noise is a significant local environmental problem for most of the urban population. Increasing numbers of vehicles are associated with growing noise levels from road transport in urban areas and rising public health problems. Motor transport is considered to be a main source of noise pollution, so it is important to investigate the level of traffic noise and assess the relationship with traffic flows. The paper describes the main methods for determination of noise characteristics of traffic flows. The dependences for the prediction of the equivalent noise level and the results of field measurements of sound levels are presented. The results of field experiments and the calculated values of sound levels obtained by the analytical method are tested for homogeneity, using the Wilcoxon test. Experimental studies have established that the external sound level depends largely on the speed of vehicles, road conditions, and basic operating characteristics of highways. The analytical method associated with the use of deterministic and probabilistic models makes it possible to predict the traffic noise. But when dealing with the foregoing methods, there arise specific problems, many of which have not been resolved: there is no uniform terminology, nor is there any consensus on the use of noise characteristics of traffic flows in calculations at different stages of construction and reconstruction of highways of a certain traffic flow model under conditions of human settlements. Standardized measurement methods have been established and revised throughout the years by many renowned researchers. These methodologies have been revised in order to minimize problems that may occur and may not be foreseen by a less experienced researcher when adopting the measurement methods. Standardizing the measurement method is also useful for researchers because it becomes possible for researchers from around the world to compare their data. The joint effect of road conditions and the operational status of the roadway on the acoustic pollution of the roadside area is not fully taken into account. Therefore, applying the internationally recognized acoustical measurement standards is a good way to start any noise measurement experiment. The purpose of experimental research is to investigate the joint effect of road conditions and the operational status of the roadway on the acoustic pollution of the roadside area of settlements: identify the main characteristics of noise produced by traffic flows, consider the comparability of results of the field experiment and analytical computations. Slopes of 20…40‰ have little impact on the noise caused by the movement of passenger cars and trucks. In this case, the average acoustic emissions are identical to those used in the prediction of noise mode.

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39

Kovács, Viktória Barbara, and Ádám Török. "INVESTIGATION ON TRANSPORT RELATED BIOGAS UTILIZATION." TRANSPORT 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.10.

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Due to an increase in demand for energy and the mobility of the human population as well as in order to keep sustainable development, there is a major need to utilize alternative energy sources. The use of biogases as a source of renewable energy could provide an effective and alternative way to fulfil a remarkable part of this demand for energy. As biogases have high inert content, their heating value is low. The energetic utilization of these low heating value renewable gaseous fuels is not fully worked out yet because their combustion characteristics significantly differ from the liquid fuels that are used nowadays in transportation, and in this way, they are not usable or their utilization is limited in devices with conventional equipment. Thus, theoretical and experimental analysis was made to investigate the usability of biogases.

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Qiu, Ming, Weiwei Pei, Qiuchen Lu, Zhuo Li, Yuanzuo Li, and Jianping Liang. "DFT Characteristics of Charge Transport in DBTP-Based Hole Transport Materials." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 2244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112244.

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To improve the hole-transport ability and photoelectric properties of perovskite solar cells, the ground-state geometry, frontier molecular orbital, and mobility of two organic molecules were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with the Marcus hopping model. The absorption spectra were calculated using time-dependent DFT. The result indicated that the increase in the conjugated chain and change in the substituted group location from meta to para cause low mobility, which has a negative effect on the hole-transporting ability.

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Mamčic, Stanislav, and Marijonas Bogdevičius. "SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC PROCESSES IN HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATORS." TRANSPORT 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.26.

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The article focuses on pressure pulsations in hydraulic systems, the means reducing them and examines the structure of hydraulic accumulators, including their features and differences. Using the method of characteristics and Fortran software, a dynamic model of a hydraulic system is created. By changing the content of a hydraulic accumulator, the paper analyzes the amplitude of pressure waves, the distance between hydraulic accumulators and the dependency of the pulsations of pressure waves on the aforementioned sizes.

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Chen, Chi, Xia Wang, Kai Wu, Chuanhui Cheng, Chuang Wang, Yuwei Fu, and Zaiqin Zhang. "Space charge and trap energy level characteristics of SiC wide bandgap semiconductor." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085118.

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Charge carrier transport and accumulation in silicon carbide (SiC) wide bandgap semiconductors caused by the defect and impurity are likely to lead to serious performance degradation and failure of the semiconductor materials, and the high temperature effect makes the charge behaviors more complex. In this paper, charge carrier transport and accumulation in semi-insulating vanadium doped 4H–SiC crystal materials and the correlated temperature effect were investigated. Attempts were made to address the effect of deep trap levels on carrier transport. A combination of pulsed electro-acoustic direct space charge probing, an electrical conduction·current experiment, and x-ray diffraction measurement was employed. Space charge quantities including trap depth and trap density were extracted. The results show hetero-charge accumulation at adjacent electrode interfaces under a moderate electrical stress region (5–10 kV/mm). The charge carrier transports along the SiC bulk and is captured by the deep traps near the electrode interfaces. The deep trap energy levels originating from the vanadium dopant in SiC crystals are critical to carrier transport, providing carrier trapping sites for charges. This paper could promote the understandings of the carrier transport dynamic and trap energy level characteristic of SiC crystal materials.

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Petkevičius, Kazys, Lijana Maskeliūnaitė, and Henrikas Sivilevičius. "DETERMINING TRAVEL CONDITIONS ON MOTORWAYS FOR AUTOMOBILE TRASPORT BASED ON THE CASE STUDY FOR LITHUANIAN HIGHWAYS." Transport 34, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7842.

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In Lithuania, the efforts are made to ensure the conditions of safe, comfortable and fast passenger and freight transportation on Lithuanian roads, satisfying geometric characteristics of their particular categories and the specified requirements to their pavement. The considered characteristics of pavement include its roughness, strength and the admissible rut depth and destruction level. Rest and Service Areas (RSAs) are usually set up at the roadside. The paper presents a description of the conditions specified for the movement of motor vehicles on the major Lithuanian roads in the seasons of warm weather and a Classification Model (CM) of the required conditions. It also provides the results of the evaluation of actual Travel Conditions (TCs) on the main Lithuanian roads by using the developed model. The obtained results show that in 2016 on the considered highways were good and very good, except for road A9, where the TCs were satisfactory. It is demonstrated that the distances between RSAs comply with the recommended distances. It is also shown that roughness of pavement and strength of the Structure of the Pavement (SP) depend on the destruction level of pavement. The values of such pavement parameters as roughness, rut depth and destruction level, which should not be exceeded because they help to ensure either comfortable or good TCs on Lithuanian highways, are given. The suggested model of road TCs can be used for determining the quality of TCs on highways.

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Vidan, Pero, Josip Kasum, and Natalija Jolić. "A PROPOSAL FOR THE MODELS AND MEASURES OF SEARCH AND RESCUE ON INLAND WATERWAYS." TRANSPORT 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.22.

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Search and rescue on inland waterways are considered to be insufficiently developed. The methods of search and rescue have been developed only for sea waterways. Despite the possibilities of comparison, the specific characteristics of inland waterways are the reason why it is seriously considered to develop proposals for search and rescue models on inland waterways. The authors of this paper suggest a search and rescue model for rivers, lakes and channels regarding configuration and the current safety conditions on inland waterways. The model allows a successful quest for reduced search time. In addition, the model predicts the performance of the search.

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Lebedevas, Sergejus, Nadežda Lazareva, Paulius Rapalis, Vygintas Daukšys, and Tomas Čepaitis. "INFLUENCE OF MARINE FUEL PROPERTIES ON IGNITION, INJECTION DELAY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY." Transport 36, no. 4 (December 2, 2021): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.15952.

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According to the International Council on Combustion Engines (CIMAC) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) statistics, the rational selection of Marine Bunker Fuel (MBF) properties is an effective way to improve operating conditions and energy efficiency of all types of marine Diesel Engines (DEs). The publication presents the results of studies on the influence of heavy and distillate MBF properties on the characteristics of different DE types: high-speed (Caterpillar 3512B, MTU 8V 396TB), medium-speed (SKL VDS 48/42, ChN 26.5/31) ir low-speed (MAN B&W 6S60MC). The aim of work is to form a methodological framework for assessing the influence of marine fuel properties on the energy performance of different types of ship power plants. Numerical methods show that in the case of unfavourable selection of the density and viscosity of marine fuels regulated by the standard ISO 8217:2017, the changes in specific fuel consumption be reach up to 10% low-speed, 4…7% medium-speed, and 2…3% high-speed DEs. As the density varies from light grades to 1010 kg/m3, the change in be is 3…4%. At low viscosity, as the density increases to 1030 kg/m3, the low-speed engine comparative fuel consumption increases by 5%. It is recommended not to use fuel with a density >1010 kg/m3 and a viscosity <300…400 mm2/s. Developed solutions for the rational selection of bunkered marine fuel properties for a specific DE model trough the influence of density and viscosity on fuel injection and combustion characteristics based on multiparametric diagrams of relative fuel consumption change.

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Rexach, M. F., M. Latterich, and R. W. Schekman. "Characteristics of endoplasmic reticulum-derived transport vesicles." Journal of Cell Biology 126, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 1133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.126.5.1133.

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We have isolated vesicles that mediate protein transport from the ER to Golgi membranes in perforated yeast. These vesicles, which form de novo during in vitro incubations, carry lumenal and membrane proteins that include core-glycosylated pro-alpha-factor, Bet1, Sec22, and Bos1, but not ER-resident Kar2 or Sec61 proteins. Thus, lumenal and membrane proteins in the ER are sorted prior to transport vesicle scission. Inhibition of Ypt1p-function, which prevents newly formed vesicles from docking to cis-Golgi membranes, was used to block transport. Vesicles that accumulate are competent for fusion with cis-Golgi membranes, but not with ER membranes, and thus are functionally committed to vectorial transport. A 900-fold enrichment was developed using differential centrifugation and a series of velocity and equilibrium density gradients. Electron microscopic analysis shows a uniform population of 60 nm vesicles that lack peripheral protein coats. Quantitative Western blot analysis indicates that protein markers of cytosol and cellular membranes are depleted throughout the purification, whereas the synaptobrevin-like Bet1, Sec22, and Bos1 proteins are highly enriched. Uncoated ER-derived transport vesicles (ERV) contain twelve major proteins that associate tightly with the membrane. The ERV proteins may represent abundant cargo and additional targeting molecules.

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Hayashi, Toshiaki, Akiyoshi Naka, Masanobu Hiroki, Tomoyuki Yokota, Takao Someya, and Akira Fujiwara. "Transport characteristics in Au/pentacene/Au diodes." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 57, no. 3S2 (January 9, 2018): 03EH07. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjap.57.03eh07.

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Valusˇ, Josef, and Petr Schneider. "Transport characteristics of bidisperse porous α-aluminas." Applied Catalysis 16, no. 3 (June 1985): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)84397-3.

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Jiang Xinguang, 江新光, 吴逢铁 Wu Fengtie, and 邱振兴 Qiu Zhenxing. "Optical Transport Characteristics with Different Axicon Models." Acta Optica Sinica 29, no. 6 (2009): 1659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20092906.1659.

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Martins, Ione S., Eva G. S. Carnieri, and Aníbal Eugênio Vercesi. "Characteristics of Ca2+ transport by corn mitochondria." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 850, no. 1 (June 1986): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2728(86)90007-1.

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