Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport de voyageurs – Cameroun'
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Youta, Valérie. "Déréglementation et contestabilité : l'avenir des transports urbains de voyageurs au Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX24006.
Full textCabanne, Isabelle Bonnafous Alain. "Modélisation à long terme de l'évolution des trafics voyageurs à longue distance en France." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/cabanne_i.
Full textSchubert, Stephan. "Déréglementation, concentration et rivalité dans le transport aérien mondial de passagers." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131015.
Full textCabanne, Isabelle. "Modélisation à long terme de l'évolution des trafics voyageurs à longue distance en France." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/cabanne_i.
Full textThis thesis models long distance traffic in France, by rail, plane and motorway, at a national level, with macro-economic time series models. Time series models are based on dynamic information and thus enable to show long term links between traffic variations and explanatory factors variations. However time series models also have some drawbacks. Direct demand models are often used and miss the generation / modal share logic. Only a few variables can be used and these variables are highly aggregated. A certain amount of average national train speed may correspond to different time travel structures and thus to different impacts on rail traffic. In the models that we fit, we use a rail speed indicator that takes travel times structure and thresholds in air / plane competition into account. Besides, we test different model structures, both direct demand and generation and modal split. This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents the data available and describes past traffic variations. Chapter 2 focuses on long distance travel main explanatory factors. The various methods for long distance travel modelling are analysed in chapter 3. In chapter 4, we produce and analyse different model forms
Auzannet, Pascal. "Le compte transport de voyageurs un outil de comptabilité régionale." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090041.
Full textTo bring the public transportation economic and social efficiency into play can form an objective for the executives. But, to reach one or more objectives - which contents can change - the executives and technicians must be able to use accountancy and administration implements. Companies like RATP and SNCF dispose of tools and internal administration indicators (performances analysis methods, unitary costs, pluriannual indicators. . . ) however, they don't allow apprehending all the public transportation advantages, which particularity is that for one activity there is several use value and the traveller is not the only to take advantages. There are other beneficiaries (indirect) because this activity generates positive external effects that benefit to the whole collectivity, the building societies, the motorists, the big stores. So a regional accountancy and administration tool, showing the external effects of the different modes, the financial flows, the taxation mechanisms, the origin of financing and their allocation. . . Can help the executives and technicians
Ngamkan, Gaston. "Le cadre juridique du transport multimodal international de marchandises : l'exemple du Cameroun : contribution à la mise en place d'une législation applicable au Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX32022.
Full textMultimodat transport is the displacement of goods by the successive use of at least two different means of transport, by virtue of a single contract, under the responsability of an operator named a "multimodal transport operator" (mto). This method of conveying of goods has attained an impressive stage with the development of new transport techniques, especially that of containerisation. But, if the system functions harmoniously in a practical, technical and commercial way, it is unfortunately not the case on the legal plan, where the situation remains unclear, characterised by the diversity of applicable regimes. A general regulation has however been realised with the elaboration of the geneva convention of 24 th may 1980, but it has not yet been enforced principally because of political and economic reasons. Nevertheless, this convention constitutes a text of good qualityfrom the point of view of the responsability regime, a good basis for a national law. It would therefore be beneficial for cameroun to ratify this instrument and adopt an internal legislation based on this, as has already done some countries, like mexico and chile
Hammadou, Hakim. "Modélisation du choix modal voyageurs sur les déplacements longue distance : la valeur du temps." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50374-2001-35.pdf.
Full textKarim, Mohamed. "L’appropriation du tachygraphe numérique par les conducteurs d’une société privée de transport public de voyageurs." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0047.
Full textThis work concentrates on a device that manages and controls working times for the drivers of a private transportation company (Coaches N): the digital tachymeter. To our knowledge, this tool, designed and enforced by the European Union in order to enhance traffic security, has never been investigated so far. A plural theoretical approach of the question of its appropriation, of its factors and of the users’ typologies is adopted. This approach is based on the numerous previous studies on management tools and technology appropriation. Seventy four interviews with employees and managers were conducted during a three year involvement inside the company. An inductive logic was adopted. Our research shows one the one hand that: 1. An effective appropriation of the digital tachymeter from the company and its drivers is evidenced. 2. Several factors impact this appropriation by the drivers: factors related to the device properties (ease of use, complexity, efficiency, compatibility, obligation), individual factors (professional experience, family status, personal efficiency, self-image), and contextual factors (external control authority, internal control processes, colleagues’ attitude). 3. Four attitudes towards the device are shown: rejection, use, adaptation/hijack, displacement. One the other hand, the adoption of a technology that controls working times in a company is nothing but neutral. Step by step, the relationship between managers and drivers, as well as drivers’ conception of their profession, are shaken. The adoption of such a technology not only alters the practices and relations, but the very notion of appropriation appears in an even more complex fashion
Bonneville, Jean-Baptiste. "Quel modèle économique pour une offre de transport de voyageurs porte-à-porte ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1007/document.
Full textThe goal of providing passengers with seamless door-to-door mobility has today become a common objective, and a key priority for SNCF, France’s historical national rail group. After more than 30 years of growth thanks to the success of the TGV high-speed train, SNCF faces difficulties that have prompted it to reconsider its business model. The firm has decided to become a genuine multimodal operator with the capacity to provide a comprehensive territorial service through a variety of transport modes. The principal function of door-to-door transport is to enable travellers to go from A to B without using their own cars but a sequence of transport modes. This raises the possibility of the emergence of door-to-door mobility operators that provide a one-stop shop for travellers and offer continuity of service provision over an entire journey. This paper explores possible business models for a door-to-door mobility operator: the nature of the service, organisation between stakeholders and the revenue model. It begins with a detailed analysis of the idea of door-to-door service in the context of passenger transport. It then studies the main challenges for the stakeholders, in particular the evolution of France’s regulatory framework, issues relating to sustainable development and the effects of the digital economy. Different approaches to door-to-door provision exist within SNCF, reflecting the complexity of the company. Growing diversity in the system of actors has opened up new possibilities. Three contrasting business models were identified for door-to-door services: the integrated model, the platform model and the distributed model, all of which offer possible mid-term and long-term strategic directions for SNCF. Without being mutually exclusive, all three models are relevant in their distinct spheres. Nevertheless, the distributed model would seem to offer the greatest potential for rail transport to remain competitive with the private car
Laurent, Benoît. "Algorithmes pour la planification des véhicules et des conducteurs en transport routier de voyageurs." Angers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ANGE0045.
Full textThis thesis was realized within a collaboration between the université of Angers and the company Perinfo. It deals with the development of new models and algorithms dedicated to vehicle and driver scheduling in public transport. Even if they earn their respect in many fields, metaheuristics have been scarcely employed to tackle such problems until now. We first address the multiple depot vehicle scheduling problem with a homogeneous fleet. The developed iterated local search algorithm is compared with the existing heuristics on benchmarks from the literature. Our second contribution concerns the vehicle scheduling problem with a heterogeneous fleet. The initial problem is transformed into a list-graph colouring problem, subsequently solved by an iterated tabu search algorithm. The approach proves its capacity to manage high volumes of data and complex relationships between types of vehicles. Our third contribution deals with the integration of vehicles and drivers within the same scheduling process. We consider an extra-urban case with a unique garage and a heterogeneous fleet. The computational study carried out on real-world instances shows the dominance of the integrated approach over the sequential one. Finally, we describe a case study in a limousine rental company. Due to its over-constrained nature, the problem is modeled using the notion of partial consistent assignment. The simulated annealing algorithm obtains significant gains on the resulting solutions compared to the current practice in the company
Hayari, Noureddine. "Cartes auto-organisatrices et approche évolutionniste pour les problemes de tournées de véhicules avec regroupements." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2012.
Full textThe main purpose of this work is the study of the vehicle routing problem with clustering. Clustering consists of assigning users to collect points or bus stops and to find the optimal routes passing by these points. Four variants, with increasing complexity are studied: The TSPCluster which is an extension of the traveling salesman problem, the MTSCluster which is a generalization of the previous problem with several vehicles, the VRPCluster which introduces the capacity constraints, and finally the VRPTWCluster which requires time windows. To solve these problems, we have developed a metaheuristic approach which incorporates the Kohonen's self-organizing maps into a population based algorithm. This approach is able to find good solutions for clustering problems in the sense that it handles the clustering and routing simultaneously. Moreover, by introducing the concept of visual model subjected to continual deformations, Our contribution allows to visually follow the optimization progress. We have observed from our results that our methodology is able to handle some problems which have not been solved by classical methods
Samna, Rabiatou. "Stratégies d'entreprises de transport routier interurbain des voyageurs en Afrique de l'Ouest : cas du Niger." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00588815.
Full textAmani, Rabiatou. "Stratégies d’entreprises de transport routier interurbain des voyageurs en Afrique de l’Ouest : cas du Niger." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22007/document.
Full textThis thesis is registered in the perspective of a strategic diagnosis of the Transport sector Intercity Road of travellers (TRIV) in West Africa (case of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger). The transport organization and the functioning of enterprises of the sector to the yardstick of globalization and the modernization is still inadequate. There are many difficulties identified at various levels of the system thus hindering the economic development of the sector. For West Africa, many studies and research have already been carried out on the system of urban transport and on the transport of goods with diagnostics and recommendations . However, the sub-sector of TRIV also has its importance and it should be taken into account in the schema of sub-regional integration in Africa. Our research shows that the analysis of TRIV must not be limited to its aspects regulatory and institutional and that it must integrate the companies as the key elements of the development of the sector. These are now faced the challenge of competition on the markets both the domestic that sub-regional passenger transport. The modernization of the sector and its subsequent development involve adjustments of craft businesses, changes in the organization and the conditions of operation of this activity. Our approach addresses in the first time, the current configuration of the market of TRIV The analysis highlights the indispensable complementarity of the offer of transport companies and craftsmen carriers. From this finding, models of potential strategies are developed for firms forced to competitiveness. However, in light of the organization of the market of TRIV in Niger, of the multiplicity of enterprises and absence of data, we defined groups contrasting of enterprises, the consolidation at from the technical characteristics, organizational (types of vehicles used, organization of the services) and the geographical (lines served). This approach has allowed us to highlight the specificities of links in the market but also the major imbalances existing in the field of service in the main areas. Through the models of strategies developed, our ambition is to give a reference framework for companies from which and taking into account their internal resources, they organize their strategy. These companies should be able to achieve in the framework of a public policy of transport taking into account the expectations of key actors
Othman, Amine. "Simulation multi-agent de l’information des voyageurs dans les transports en commun." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1059/document.
Full textTitle: Multiagent simulation of traveler information on transit networks.Abstract:With the generalization of real-time traveler information, the behavior of modern transport networks becomes harder to analyze and to predict. Advanced traveler Information systems play a major role in modern transportation system, mainly in case of disturbances, and the information is becoming more personalized and individual. Different phenomena such as over-saturation, concentration and over-reaction can be observed after the use of advanced traveler information systems. In fact, without control, the massive spread of information via billboards, radio announcements and individual guidance may have perverse effects and create new traffic jams. It is now critical to develop simulation tools for mobility policies makers, taking into account this new information environment to observe these effects and to consider the proper methods to deal with them.In this PHD work, we propose a multiagent simulation to measure the impact of information provision on the quality of passengers’ travels, notably in case of disturbances, taking into account a heterogeneous information environment. First, we design and implement a simulation to ensure travelers movement in a transit network. Then, we enrich our model to integrate traveler information system and to represent travelers equipped with smart phones. It allows us to evaluate separately personal and general information. To this end, we use the multi-agent paradigm, which is proven to be a powerful model to design and implement transportation applications. To deal with the integration of the traveler information system in the simulator, we adopt an environment-centered approach, where the space-time multiagent environment is the privileged interlocutor of the agents and represent the evolution of the transit network state over time.To test our simulator in a real context, we use real data on the city of Toulouse, France. To assess the impact of information provision, we simulate different scenarios in function of the percentage of connected travelers, represented as agents. These simulated scenarios are analyzed following their impact on the average travel times of the travelers (connected and no-connected). Results show that the number of connected travelers has a positive impact on overall travel times up until a certain threshold before becoming relatively negative
Ketchoua, Enis Gilles. "Pertinence et opportunité de la théorie de coordination des transports de marchandises dans les pays en voie de développement : le cas du Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX24016.
Full textBrethomé, Lucile. "Modélisation et optimisation d’un plan de transport ferroviaire en zone dense du point de vue des voyageurs." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0014.
Full textThe design of a railway transportation plan is a process achieved between two years and six months before it is put into service. The main phases in the design of a transportation plan are the line planning, the timetabling, the rolling stock and the crew scheduling.The design of the transportation plan can have many consequences on the quality of service: an inadequate frequency in station can cause a loss of passengers, sufficient number of seated places, robustness of the timetable in the face of small incidents... In dense area, as in the Ile-de-France region, all these elements must be taken into account as the transportation plan is designed.Today, SNCF Transilien designs its transportation plans by first taking into account the optimization of production resources (train paths, rolling stock units and drivers). However, today, the increase in resources implemented no longer improves the adequacy of the transportation plan to passengers’ demand. This design method no longer makes it possible to cope with the increase in the demand for mobility (+3% each year since 2000). This is why we must rethink the design of the transport plan by immediately integrating the passenger dimension. Our work focuses on issues of line planning and timetabling in a passenger-oriented approach. First, we present a multi-objective model for line planning. Then, we present a model of timetabling incorporating passenger route choice. Then, we initiate a method to integrate these two models. Finally, we present an evaluation of our results thanks to reliability indicators from the literature and a macroscopic simulation of the timetables
Bengo, Martin Darius. "La sédimentation pollinique dans le sud-Caméroun et sur la plateforme marine à l'époque actuelle et au Quaternaire récent : études des paléoenvironnements." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20280.
Full textPierronnet, François-Xavier. "Responsabilité civile et passagers maritimes /." Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399255125.
Full textBikai, Charles-Emmanuel. "Le changement organisationnel et ses difficultés de mise en oeuvre dans l'entreprise publique africaine : l'exemple de Cameroon airlines." Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN0532.
Full textFollowing the debate organised on the necessity to nationalize or not to nationalize public firms, all conjonctural measures applied, on the 1980 structural crisis, were bound to fail. In this prospect, we wanted to show why these firms, in general, particulary cameroon firms act and function, more or less efficiently, why and how they change poorly an how one could give tangible solutions to remedy the situation without causing great social destructions. To solve this, we opted for analytical opposition between Cameroon airlines organizational practices and those declared by the best past ten years authors of the sociology of the organizations, concluding on the necessity to operate deepest changes, notably structures, mentalities and hierarchies organs, while showing that public firms must have been a target of interests and aims, either convergent or divergent, whose survival needs projective dialectical approach of problems, in view of its functionning and management with prospects to a better continuous research of adaptable solutions in all circumstances, in the intention to come to a compromise and members agreement to global objectives, without which public firms wouldn't act according to the principle of negentropy, which is necessary to steer up environment, then the principle of equifinality, which determines the capacities in organizational adaptations, by which it could be able to realize its objectives, even when initial conditions of functionning change, and finally, the principle of auto-regulation, for the organization cannot continue to proceed to critical analysis of essential aspects of management. .
Frenet, Florentine. "Grand et petit commerce à Douala (Cameroun)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20075.
Full textIn cameroon, as in many third world countries, there are two types of commercial activity : large and small business. Douala, the country's economic capital and principal commercial town, is home to most of the large commercial companies. There is also a great deal of small business, which is prospering. Today. Douala's commercial function, which has a long history, has taken a new form: big business has had to modify its old structures in order to adapt to the new situation. With the slump, large companies have had to cut back on their activities. Small business however, is now playing a much more important role than in the past. Although different in structure and operation, both activities, in their own way, contribute to the country's economic and social development. Their stamp on the urban landscape is quite clear
Specklin, Frédéric. "Le"Revenue Management" du transport aérien : analyse et synthèse scientifique des modèles du transport des passagers et du fret : conception du système d'informations du Revenue Management à Air France Cargo." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0032.
Full textKhoudour, Louahdi. "Analyse spatio-temporelle de séquences d'images lignes : application au comptage des passagers dans les systèmes de transport." Lille 1, 1997. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1997/50376-1997-5.pdf.
Full textHerrgott, David. "Modélisation et mise en perspective de la diversité du fonctionnement des transports ferroviaires conventionnés de voyageurs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH011.
Full textThe current government’s legislation to restructure the rail sector defines the national rail system as a complex system composed of “all the human and material means implemented on the national rail network in order to ensure the management and delivery of transport services using it”. Within this framework, this thesis attempts to analyze in a necessarily interdisciplinary perspective the relationship between the different components of the rail system, in order to make it intelligible. It aims to contribute to understanding the railway system and its current issues, by completing this empirical based approach to modeling the public service obligations, which represent most of the traffic and publics funds on the French rail network
Ngnintedem, Jean-Claude. "La responsabilité du transporteur maritime de marchandises en droit camerounais." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0521.
Full textAt the beginning of the 21st century, shipping cargo is now subject to multiple legal systems. However, if some matters can be settled following by legislations, maritime law is one of them more precisely dealing with the liability of all parties in Bills of Lading. That is why I compared international law and domestic law in order to point out what makes Cameroon special and how Cameroon's case law develops, abiding both by international law and domestic law. Besides, my goal will be achieved if I can contribute to the research into the lawyers practise of the law in Cameroon, at a time when Cameroon's Governance Program recommends law awareness as a condition for everyone to have access to justice. This research should outline the legal field of cargo shipping, all the more as the professional carriers and shippers of Cameroon are not always aware of all the meanders of the law and need to get more and more familiar with the clauses of such convention
Libilbehety, Marie-Michelle. "« Client-centrisme » à Transilien SNCF : étude sur quelques dispositifs de captation des « clients » : vers une coproduction du service ?" Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H026.
Full textOver almost 30 years, within public organisations, there has been a semantic slide from the term “user” to “customer”, revealing a new “customer orientation”. We have attempted to renew the “customer-orientation” field of investigation, through a qualitative study of several customer-acquiring measures used by Transilien SNCF (the SNCF public service brand in Ile-de-France). The transversal analysis of the various customer acquisition measures observed shows that they are not all equally “customer-centric”. These results are explained by: the historical measures, the representations associated with the traveller’s coproduction in creating the service, the investment in tools revealing the player strategies and the public service culture which long avoided studying the service users trends dispositions. Thus, at the rail operator’s very heart, there are multiple service rationales relating to four types of coproduction: the “autoproduction directed by occasional relational coproduction”, the “autoproduction directed by systematically-targeted coproduction”, “the standard coproduction” and the “collaborative coproduction”. This diversity in coproduction within Transilien SNCF also expresses the variety of roles and stances of the different actors involved
Abbas-Turki, Abdel Jalil. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la commande par les réseaux de Pétri VOD : application à la minimisation des temps de correspondances des systèmes de transport public." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2035.
Full textFor strategic and economical reasons, the control of the design and of the operational stages of public transportation networks is the new challenge that the companies of this sector have to face. One of the most important objectives of the design stage is the minimization of the connection times, which arouses researcher interest. The current models, which are based on the graph theory, assume that the timetable of the means of transport is respected. However, in practice, some random phenomena can disturb the system operation and consequently delay schedules. This thesis work proposes a stochastic approach for the improvement of connection conditions in the context of the network design of an urban public transportation system. We introduce formally a specific class of Petri nets, suited to such systems: Vehicle Origin-Destination Petri net (VODPN). This tool is composed of two parts that represent in an accurate way, the dynamics of vehicles and of passengers within the system. The use of stochastic temporization allows obtaining a model in the form of a Markov process, a semi-Markov process or a regenerative Markov process. We prove that the underlying process can be simplified by clustering states, in order to compute the system performances, and in particular to obtain the connection times. The VODPN model is then applied for the waiting time minimization in the line planning and scheduling problems. In the first case, Continuous time Markov chains are used to formulate the connection time that depends on the line frequencies and the stop times of the means of transport. Resolution techniques for the line-planning problem are thus proposed by means of reward Markov chains. In the second case, we solve the line-scheduling problem by taking into consideration the randomness of the system through the states of the regenerative Markov process
Auphan, Etienne. "Obsolescence ou renaissance des réseaux ferrés pour le transport des voyageurs en Europe occidentale ? (France, Grande-Bretagne, Allemagne fédérale)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX23004.
Full textFaucon, Frédéric. "Les transports collectifs de voyageurs dans le Massif central français." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20008.
Full textEdimo, Guillaume. "Les voies de communication et la politique de mise en valeur du Cameroun sous mandat français entre 1920 et 1939." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040119.
Full textThe mandate system allowed France after the German empire defeat in the First World War, to govern the greater part of the former German colony of Cameroons. Our study about road-making, railways and harbors is simply a means to apprehend the whole evolution of this country where, in spite of the special rule in force, the French administration at first, made no difference with its own colonies. But, after Germany joined the League of Nations and began colonial demands, France, confronted with this situation, realized how precarious was its own positions in this territory. Therefore, the French mandatory set itself to maintain some reservation facing Cameroons affairs
Houma, Jaouad El. "Analyses des effets des mouvements d'air dans les galeries d'antipistonnement d'un tunnel bitube sur le comportement dynamique des trains." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10072.
Full textWiesel, Ehud. "Choix du transport commercial : un modèle de choix discret appliqué à la clientèle Thalys sur la liaison Paris-Bruxelles." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7dc46cad-5219-4dd8-9181-dd6f36f6a4f5.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to decipher the choice-behaviour of clients and know their preference-systems. We seek to construct a concrete model, confronted with the real-life application that can explain the choice done by a client who wants to travel in the context of commercial transportation for intercity travel with compulsory reservation. Discrete choice theory is considered as modelling tool. Two delicate elements that appear in the implementation are the choice-set generation and the similarity among alternatives. The main source of information is the register of historic transactions. The choice-set of a client is not easily identifiable; the number of existing alternatives is very high and we only know which alternative was actually chosen. In addition, alternatives, share various aspects. We propose a multivariate extreme value model based on the available data that integrates latent classes. It takes account of transactions on the most detailed level and its implementation consists of several stages based on Marketing surveys and statistical estimation. The relevance of the model is emphasized via a case study that concerns the transactions made out during a one year period on a given link. Taking account of the network specificities we obtain estimators that we can interpret and that allow prediction of market-shares and price-elasticity evaluation. The obtained results, for different clients segments and periods of the year, are consistent and comparable with the real market-shares
Desmaris, Christian. "Le transport ferroviaire régional de voyageurs en France : à la lumière de la théorie néo-institutionnaliste et des comptes de surplus." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00472091.
Full textMefiro, Oumarou. "Vers la maîtrise spatiale de la circulation des flux de marchandises dans les PED : le cas du Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX24000.
Full textPierronnet, François-Xavier. "Responsabilité civile et passagers maritimes." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT4029.
Full textMaritime carriage of passengers give us a chance to shape the contours and the issues of an evolution : Civil Liability is becoming Strict Liability. It concerns not only all transport users but also mutations that Maritime Law, is undergoing. Civil Liability Law in maritime transportation of passengers changes its centre of gravity towards its object. The classical axis of Civil Liability, built on the quest of a responsible man, tends to be modernized by a new pivot based on the compensation of the victims. Such an evolution has already affected " Pleasure-boat passengers " and "Cruise passengers". For all that, Civil Liability of "pure" maritime transportation of passengers remains widely outside this evolution. Signs of change are noticeable but insufficient. We propose elements for the reconstruction of the existing " passengers maritime Law" (a safety-of-use with obligation of end-result combined with a full compensation) after having stigmatized its major constituents. Responsabilité civile et passagers maritimesCivil liability and maritime passengers
Nguyen, Duc Khoat. "Contribution à l’étude des problèmes de ré-ordonnancement en cas de perturbation dans un système de transport de voyageurs dans une ville." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0127.
Full textThis work of thesis on the rescheduling problems in a public transportation system of bus relates to the implementation of a system of assistance (SAD) for the regulators of the owners in their tasks of decision-making when disturbances in the operation of the public transportation system of bus occur. In this context, we developed a SAD which rests on a module of dimensioning and a module of the strategies of regulation to help the regulators in the process of planning in real time and to decrease the influences of the disturbances. The approaches by the genetic algorithm and the algorithm of simulated annealing are used for the regulation by taking account of the various constraints imposed on the system and in particular of the constraints of capacities of the buses. A new coding and new operators of crossing and change were proposed to make it possible to respect the constraints of the problem. Thus, we built an application in Visual C Sharp of the SAD proposed to end to prove its effectiveness in the event of disturbance on the public transportation system of bus
Bouteiller, Catherine. "Différenciation tarifaire dans les réseaux de transports urbains et interurbains de voyageurs : quels apports pour les services publics de transport et l’aménagement ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20024.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to define and identify the effects of price discrimination policies on the use and organization of urban public transports. Price discrimination is the possibility to price a service with different level of tariff. At first, we will define the issues around public transport fares, whose complexity is now mitigated by existing smart cards and other payment tools. Then, the spatial dimension of the fare will be given special attention through the study of the relationships between fee structure and spatial morphology of 10 cities around the world. The relationships between urban morphology and pricing will be confirmed. Knowing that usage of public transport are diverse, it is essential to have a good knowledge of users habits. Smard Card data reconstruction provides geographical and statistical information that can be re used for urban planning and for pricing policy. How ?Grand Paris orbital line 15, will be launched in 2020. It is an example of introducing a new metro line inducing significant time savings for commuters. Passengers will be given a real alternative between their usual route and the new one. The new route can offer several advantages: gain of time spent during the trip, gain in terms of number of transfers, comfort gain, security gain, price advantages. This could be an opportunity for an agency to review its fare policy. Our model is based on existing travel flows derived from the itinerary reconstruction from Navigo Smart Card pass. It establishes the principles of a fare grid based on travelers’ preferences and current travel patterns. For this research, we used data from public transport pass users in the Paris’ Metropolitan area, for one month. Finally, we show that price discrimination is related to "mobility" and not to “public transport”. If we consider the mobility needs of the user, pricing is no longer that of “transportation” but a package of services enabling access to different forms of mobility. Therefore it is transport governance that can be a problem. How to federate all mobility stakeholders in France? This dimension is essential for public transport authorities. It is a key success factor for achieving ambitious and sustainable urban planning policies
Ageron, Pierre. "L'intermodalité-voyageurs au prisme de la mondialisation : vers la structuration d'un méta-réseau intégré." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921666.
Full textLévy, Emmanuelle. "L'inscription des voyageurs dans la production du transport urbain : le cas de la RATP-BUS, les enjeux d'une modernisation au service du public." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EPXX0009.
Full textEfficiency and missions of the french public sector -i. E. French state-owned utilities companies, administration- are questioned. In recent years, end users have been associated within the process of its modernisation. Many utilities companies have explored this avenue to get their customers back as these were highly critical of their performance. Ratp is a particulary good example. Facing an identity crisis related to its economic, social and political roles, ratp (the french state-owned transportation company in the parisian area) has embarked upon a policy explicitly targeting the needs and wishes of commuters. What could be said about the effectiveness of this policy ? has it materialised ? have the voice of travelers penetrated the thinking of the organisation of the company ? are there lessons to be drawn from this experience that could be generalised as guidelines for action to other utilities companies ? the bus network has been a suitable material to tackle these issues. The thesis focuses on the designing, the managing, the forecasting and the assessment of the supply chain for transportation. The determination of supply can be seen as a focal point where the organisation translates the travelers' needs into shedules that can be met by the company to satisfy the customers' expectations, where organisational constraints have to adapt to the new requirements in transportation. This balancing process ends in the definition of the service which will be delivered to commuters by the company. Studying the supply chain of transportation service from the various possible angles in order to assess the real input of customers, their role both as individual citizens and members of social or interest groups involved in the definition of the company policy, identifying the stumbling blocks in the process of providing the service, lie at the heart of the thesis
Larrouy, Muriel. "L'invention de l'accessibilité. Des politiques de transports des personnes handicapées aux politiques d'accessibilité des transports urbains de voyageurs en France de 1975 à 2005." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165138.
Full textCes notions nous ont permit de révéler les ressorts du changement intervenu dans les politiques déployées. Celles-ci passent de deux ensembles de solutions construites en faveur de populations médicalement identifiées comme handicapées à des solutions intégrées, disponibles pour tous, cohabitant avec du transport spécialisé. L'évolution est rendue possible par la conjonction de facteurs conceptuels, techniques et législatifs utilisés par un réseau de militants pour imposer un traitement intégré de l'accessibilité. Celui-ci est devenu une référence standard et est institutionnalisé dans la loi du 11 février 2005 pour l'égalité des chances. Le premier type d'accessibilité est intimement lié au référentiel du handicap alors que le second possède son propre référentiel et s'est autonomisé vis à vis du handicap. Il y a eu invention de l'accessibilité comme nouvelle forme sociale révélatrice d'une conception du traitement de l'altérité dans notre société. Ses formes nous éclairent sur la façon d'envisager la place des personnes handicapées dans la société.
Petit-Rozé, Christelle. "Organisation multi-agents au service de la personnalisation de l'information : application à un système d'information multimodale pour le transport terrestre de personnes." Valenciennes, 2003. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0fd8aa24-d29d-4540-8699-6415834f15b3.
Full textThese works, based on a multiagent organization, are related to the personalization in the information systems. The personalization consists in adapting information and their presentation according to the needs, the capacities, the preferences of the users and the context of the requests. Our contribution consists in proposing a flexible and co-operating multiagent organization (MAPIS) able to connect the heterogeneous and distributed data retrieved by exploiting the agents mobility with the profiles of the users. The profiles are updated thanks to the agents capacities of learning. We have applied this work to a multimodal information system (AgenPerso) for the surface transport. The aim of the system is to propose personalized routes. This work will have several future works: theoretical (by the MAPIS formalization and its evolution towards a tool for the design of personalized information systems) and applicative (by the enrichment of the new services in AgenPerso)
Sentenac-Chemin, Élodie. "Évolution à long terme de la consommation d'énergie dans le transport routier de passagers : contribution de méthodes statistiques avancées." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1157.
Full textBorde, Christian. "Calais et la mer : 1814-1914 /." Villeneuve-d'Ascq : Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366984097.
Full textKhaddaj-Mallat, Chadi. "Design of experiments approach to the flooding of damaged ships." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0024.
Full textRoll-On/Roll-Off passenger vessels appear to be sensitive to rapid capsizing due to abrupt ingress of water caused by maritime accidents. As a result of the damage creation, the flooded ship can experience transient and progressive flooding phases (Intermediate Flooding Stages, IFS) which might be more devastating than the final condition, as the sudden loading could significantly alter the ship stability characteristics. An experimental investigation using the midsection of the PRR02 – ITTC/SiW Ro-Ro passenger ferry is undertaken to determine the influential factors within the IFS, and to reveal their individual influence, as well as their interactions. More importantly, it is devoted to hopefully provide profound insight into the flooding physics and look over the adequacy of the calm water condition to assess the IFS of such vessels. A novel-in-ocean-engineering methodology, the Design of Experiments (DOE), is used to plan systematic model tests, perform them, and analyze their results. During the IFS, a strong interaction is found between, on one hand, both implicated fluids, i. E. Water and air, and, on the other hand, the model geometry and behavior. The detection of three conspicuous peaks highlights this interaction. Moreover, a two-fold behavior is observed in the Engine Room partially submerged. These behaviors are drawn by the air compressibility, the water surface, as well as the sloshing occurring inside this room. The tests confirm that the discharge coefficient for realistic flooding situations is not constant during the flooding, and estimate it experimentally. Besides, a mathematical model characterizing the IFS is successfully built, then optimized. Regarding the global behavior of such vessels suffering from side damages, it is pointed out that the Damage Opening area, the external excitation, the initial draught, and the duration of damage creation most affect the IFS; then Engine Room-related parameters (permeability and layout) come with a relatively less influence. A relatively very little influence is found for Air-related parameters (cross-flooding and air-ventilation level). This study demonstrates the validity and efficiency of applying the DOE methodology in Damaged Survivability Domain, and establishes a suitable basis to elaborating a novel assessment procedure based on ‘interactive research’ to reliably assess the damaged survivability of such vessels. Furthermore, theoretical models and numerical codes can benefit of its achievements to improve their performance and credibility
Theissing, Simon. "Supervision en transport multimodal." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN076/document.
Full textWithout any doubt, modern multimodal transportation systems are vital to the ecological sustainability and the economic prosperity of urban agglomerations, and in doing so to the quality of life of their many inhabitants. Moreover it is known that a well-functioning interoperability of the different modes and lines in such networked systems is key to their acceptance given the fact that (i) many if not most trips between different origin/destination pairs require transfers, and (ii) costly infrastructure investments targeting the creation of more direct links through the construction of new or the extension of existing lines are not open to debate. Thus, a better understanding of how the different modes and lines in these systems interact through passenger transfers is of utmost importance. However, acquiring this understanding is particularly tricky in degraded situations where some or all transportation services cannot be provided as planned due to e.g. some passenger incident, and/or where the demand for these scheduled services deviates from any statistical long term-plannings. Here, the development for and integration of sophisticated mathematical models into the operation of such systems may provide remedy, where model-predictive supervision seems to be one very promising area of application which we consider here. Model-predictive supervision can take several forms. In this work, we focus on the model-based impact analysis of different actions, such as the delayed departure of some vehicle from a stop, applied to the operation of the considered transportation system upon some downgrading situation occurs which lacks statistical data. For this purpose, we introduce a new stochastic hybrid automaton model, and show how this mathematically profound model can be used to forecast the passenger numbers in and the vehicle operational state of this transportation system starting from estimations of all passenger numbers and an exact knowledge of the vehicle operational state at the time of the incident occurrence. Our new automaton model brings under the same roof, all passengers who demand fixed-route transportation services, and all vehicles which provide them. It explicitly accounts for all capacity-limits and the fact that passengers do not necessarily follow efficient paths which must be mapped to some simple to understand cost function. Instead, every passenger has a trip profile which defines a fixed route in the infrastructure of the transportation system, and a preference for the different transportation services along this route. Moreover, our model does not abstract away from all vehicle movements but explicitly includes them in its dynamics, which latter property is crucial to the impact analysis of any vehicle movement-related action. In addition our model accounts for uncertainty; resulting from unknown initial passenger numbers and unknown passenger arrival flows. Compared to classical modelling approaches for hybrid automata, our Petri net-styled approach does not require the end user to specify our model's many differential equations systems by hand. Instead, all these systems can be derived from the model's predominantly graphical specification in a fully automated manner for the discrete time computation of any forecast. This latter property of our model in turn reduces the risk of man-made specification and thus forecasting errors. Besides introducing our new model, we also develop in this report some algorithmic bricks which target two major bottlenecks which are likely to occur during its forecast-producing simulation, namely the numerical integration of the many high-dimensional systems of stochastic differential equations and the combinatorial explosion of its discrete state. Moreover, we proof the computational feasibility and show the prospective benefits of our approach in form of some simplistic test- and some more realistic use case
Kalieu, Christian. "Surgissement, prolifération et intégration des motos-taxis dans les villes camerounaises : les exemples de Douala et Bafoussam." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0078/document.
Full textDuring the last decades, daily urban and rural displacements in Cameroonian towns have suffered from an increase of motorcycle taxis in traffic flow. Those taxis are now considered the major mode of urban transport. This current predominance of two-wheelers in the urban landscape generates an explosive growth of pollution, road traffic accidents and public spending. The most direct and profound impact of this mutation is the increase of motorcycle accidents. Motorcycles are consequently the cause of violent conflicts among road users on the public highway. Our research has two goals: the first one is improving people's awareness of what is at stake concerning the motorcycle system and his negative effect in urban mobility, and the second one is giving food for thought in order to improve relations between motorcycle taxis and the other road users. We also want to help find solutions to manage and integrate motorcycles and their commercial use in the city. To do so, we will focus on urban, instructive, sociological and political approaches and on appropriate urban planning
Larrouy, Muriel. "L' invention de l'accessibilité : des politiques de transport des personnes handicapées aux politiques d'accessibilité des transports urbains de voyageurs en France de 1975 à 2005." Paris 1, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165138.
Full textCoquio, Julien. "La performance adaptative des systèmes de transports collectifs : modélisation, mesures de vulnérabilité et évaluation quantitative du rôle de l'information des voyageurs dans la régulation des situations perturbées." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR1807.
Full textIIn a perspective of modal transfer, adaptative performance is an important factor in the development of public transport systems. Tools are therefore necessary to allow estimation of their vulnerability to perturbations, as well as that of the role played by specific actions like passengers’ information. The PERTURB model and the simulation platform developed in this research aim to measure the structural and functional vulnerability of public transport, as well as the role played by passengers’ information in the regulation of disrupted situations. This study explores three theoretical fields : systems’ theory, graphs theory and multi-agents systems. Simulations are used in a field study (the region of Ile-de-France) and in theoretical transportation systems. These simulations allow us not only to formulate recommendations, regarding transport planning and passengers’ information, but they also rise new issues. How can passengers’ information be integrated in order to get the optimal management of disrupted situations ? Is it possible to deliver clear information while avoiding excessive transfer of passengers’ flow at the same time ?
Noble, Julien. "L’insécurité personnelle des jeunes dans les transports en commun franciliens : une étude dispositionnelle du sentiment d’insécurité." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD033/document.
Full textSurvey on Victimation et sentiment d’insécurité survey conducted by the Institut d’aménagement et d’urbanisme de la region Île-de-France shows that almost one in two residents of the region feels worried about being robbed or mugged while travelling in public transportation. Based on thirty interviews with Université Paris 13 students, this study examines the mechanism of production of this social phenomenon. Two main results emerge. First, three types of factors leading to the emergence of fear of crime in public transportation are identified. The first is a social factor, relating to how isolation and certain categories of other passengers increase the perception of risk. The second relates to the operations procedures of the public transportation system, some of which reinforce passengers’ fear. The third concerns architecture and, more specifically, the partitioning of spaces and its varying effects depending on the number of passengers. Then, using the concept of disposition, we propose an explanation of the many individual variations in perceived victimization risk. We insist on the past as incorporated by the respondents, shaped by the earlier threats they experienced, by their social and cultural representations of danger and by their individual characteristics, to account for their reactions to the present situations. This analysis leads to the elaboration of two users’ profiles, each subdivided into three sub-profiles. The first are deemed Secures, and include fragile, self-confident and tranquil public transportation users. Worried and is split into the watchful, the protected and the resistant
Mani, misenga Rosette. "L’intelligence distribuée dans les objets : étude de cas sur les pratiques des voyageurs des banlieues à la gare parisienne du Nord." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20011.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to validate the hypothesis of the intelligence distributed in objects through a case study on traveler’s behavior while interacting with technical objects within stations and their relationship with the environment. The analysis centered on the notions of the technical object and derived from the ICS field enable to evolve the problematics on the “memory in technical objects”, by articulating the coupling object-travelers-time-space. The reflection carried by this study proposes to consider the technical objects located in stations as federative elements of intelligences issued from multiple communication artifacts in the collection, the productions and the data diffusion phases. Thus, the technical objects would be intelligent thanks to the crystallization of the collective memory (actors and environment). In the same dynamic, we will try to explore the notion of interactivity (exchanges man-engine), usually studied in its tactile aspect (retroaction by touch), in its visual dimension (retroaction by sight), and its auditive dimension (retroaction by hearing)
Monchambert, Guillaume. "Three essays on the economics of congestion in public transport." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN006/document.
Full textThis dissertation addresses the foundations of user’s behavior with respect to the congestion in public transport. It is made of three distinct essays. The two first essays investigate how users get used to lack of punctuality and crowding. The third essay presents an empirical analysis of the crowding effect. In the first chapter, I consider the modeling of a bi-modal competitive network involving a public transport mode, which may be unreliable, and an alternative mode. The public transport reliability set by the public transport firm at the competitive equilibrium increases with the alternative mode fare, via a demand effect. This is reminiscent of the Mohring Effect. The study of the optimal service quality shows that often, public transport reliability and thereby patronage are lower at equilibrium compared to first-best social optimum. In the second chapter, to study the behavioral implications and costs of crowding, I develop a structural model in which public transport users face a choice between traveling in a crowded train and arriving when they want, and traveling earlier or later to avoid crowding but arriving at an inconvenient time. I derive the user equilibrium and socially optimal distribution of passengers across trains, show how the optimum can be decentralized using train-specific fares, and characterize the welfare gains from optimal pricing. Properties of the model are compared with those obtained from the bottleneck and flow congestion models of road traffic. In the third chapter, I investigate the influence of in-vehicle crowding on the comfort satisfaction experienced during a public transport journey. Moreover, I describe the anatomy of the crowding effect by testing various nuisance factors (Smell, Noise, Standing...) as channels through which crowding may decrease the comfort satisfaction. I find a clear crowding effect: on average, an extra-user per square meter decreases by one the expected 0 to 10 scale individual well-being. I do not find any empirical evidence of this effect being intensified by the travel time. However, the crowding effect increases with the income of users. I find three causes of crowding disutility: a higher probability to stand for all or part of the journey, a poorer use of the time during the journey, and noisier travel conditions. These features of discomfort matter more for women and wealthy individuals