Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport des hydrocarbures'
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Bergin, Gaëtan. "Prévision de la solubilité des hydrocarbures dans l'eau en fonction de la température et de la pression." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21335.
Full textLichtenstein, De Bank Christine. "Contributions à l'étude des systèmes méthanol-eau-hydrocarbures." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30078.
Full textTomasoni, Angela Maria. "Modèles et méthodes d'évaluation et de gestion des risques appliquées aux systèmes de transport de marchandises dangereuses (TMD), reposant sur les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC)." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006223.
Full textI have developed more than one models and methods of risk assessment in hazmat transportation systems, because of the multiplicity of approach that could be followed to evaluate risk - from a risk averse approach to a consequence based approach. All the models that I have described and defined are based on the classical definition of technological risk – related to humans activity – categorized as accidental risk, where the risk is related to the failure – or accident – of a vehicle transporting hazmat matters. This risk definition is the same for the pipeline and road, but I can use different methodological approaches to evaluate transport risk. Using this basic assumption that “an accident could happened” in road as in pipeline transportation, in Chapter n. 2 I have defined what is an hazmat and which type of hazmat I considered in this study, which modalities are generally taken into account, and which of them I have chosen for my research activity, and finally, what are the relative regulations. Chapter n. 3 deal with the risk definition in the transport of hazmat, respectively, in pipeline and on road, starting from only one risk definition, based univocally on the risks related to humans activities, but exposing similarities and differences between pipeline and road transport risk definition. Then, in Chapter n. 4 the methodology use to describe pipeline risk assessment has been tackled. Subsequently, in Chapter n. 5 an innovative and technological model used to describe a DG accident scenario by road, and the population involved, has been described. In Chapter n. 6 I tackle specific models and methods of risk assessment and control in DGT by road, considering two different approaches: a risk avers decision maker approach and an optimal control of DGT flow approach in a critical infrastructure, in other words, in a tunnel. Finally Chapter n. 7, report and summarize respectively conclusions
Wu, Chao. "La pollution du fait du transport maritime des hydrocarbures : responsabilité et indemnisation des dommages." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100036.
Full textThis thesis is divided into two parts. Part I can be regarded as an answer to the question of "WHO pay" in case of an oil pollution from ship. It analyses both the system of CLC-FC and the system of TOVALOP — CRISTAL. By making a comprehensive study of the international system of compensation it reveals the fact that the two Conventions, as modified by the 1992 Protocols, will be the best and the only issue which can provide the victims of pollution with an equitable indemnification. Hence part II relates to the obstacles that might prevent the Conventions from being applied efficiently. The first one is extrinsic: the independent existence of the American system of compensation reduces enormously the efficiency of the Conventions. The second one is intrinsic: because of the radicalism of the United States law in this matter, the question of "pay WHAT" becomes imminent: it must be clarified that which sort of damage by pollution can be indemnified within the international system of Conventions
Mauviel, Guillain. "Transport multi-composants dans les polymères : séparation hydrocarbures / hydrogène par membrane à sélectivité inverse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_MAUVIEL_G.pdf.
Full textHydrocarbon / hydrogen separation by reverse selectivity membranes is investigated. The first goal is to develop materials showing an increased selectivity. Silicone membranes loaded with inorganic fillers have been prepared, but the expected enhancement is not observed. The second goal is to model the multi- component transport through rubbers. Indeed the permeability model is not able to predict correctly permeation when a vapour is present. Thus many phenomena have to be considered: diffusional interdependancy, sorption synergy, membrane swelling and drag effect. The dependence of diffusivities with the local composition is modelled according to free-volume theory. The model resolution allows to predict the permeation flow-rates of mixed species from their pure sorption and diffusion data. For the systems under consideration, the diffusional interdependancy is shown to be preponderant. Besides, sorption synergy importance is pointed out, whereas it is most often neglected
Krafft, Marie-Pierre. "Stabilisation d'émulsions de fluorocarbures pour applications biomédicales : incorporation de nouveaux amphiphiles phosphorylés F-alkylés." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE4303.
Full textSanta, Cruz Bustamante Gabriela Victoria. "Contribution à l'étude d'un procédé de transport d'hydrogène dans les hydrocarbures cycliques pour l'industrie automobile." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10244.
Full textRazakamananifidiny, Patrick Dany. "Préparer une firme-réseau dans le transport routier des hydrocarbures : le cas de Total Madagascar." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1873/1/030107245.pdf.
Full textLe, Couviour Karine. "La responsabilité civile à l'épreuve des pollutions majeures résultant du transport maritime." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40038.
Full textGonzález, Ana. "Transport et distribution des hydrocarbures aliphatiques et aromatiques dans le bassin versant urbain experimental du marais a paris." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA120008.
Full textChenevière, Pascal. "Méthodologie d'étude du transport transitoire de suspension dans les milieux : application à la récupération améliorée des hydrocarbures par voie microbienne." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10396.
Full textGetachew, Sawaya Terufat. "Etude de systèmes biphasiques d'intérêt pétrolier : hydrocarbures peu volatils, mélanges eau-méthanol et eau-méthanol-chlorure de sodium." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10193.
Full textDussaussoy, Benjamin. "Application des tensioactifs biosourcés à la remédiation des sols pollués aux hydrocarbures." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2605.
Full textUnderstanding transport and interactions of bio-based surfactants in porous medium is a main issue in environmental applications, in particular for the control of the soil washing remediation process. The objective of this work is to study the role of the physical heterogeneity and hydrodynamics of the medium as well as the impact of the properties of surfactant molecules on the mechanisms of transport and retention of surfactants in a saturated porous media,A progressive product selection process has allowed a preselection of the products available on the market (twelve surfactants). These were analyzed and characterized in the laboratory. Then, tracer experiments and injection of surfactant solutions were carried out at laboratory column scale with two porous media with distinct properties and using the three surfactants having the best potential for the soil washing application. They were compared to Triton XIOO, a petroleum-based surfactant, a reference in soil remediation field.In order to characterize the flow in porous media, a non-reactive solute was used as a water tracer. Numerical simulations were performed using the HYDRUS-ID code to model the flow and estimate the transport and deposition parameters of surfactants. These results made it possible to put forward hypotheses on the mechanisms of interaction between the surfactants, the hydrophobic pollutant and the porous medium, thus they lead to a better understanding o the process and to the improvement of its efficiency
Gardaix, Julien. "Géopolitique et risques de marée noire en Europe." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30087.
Full textOil spills in Europe have a particular visibility. Hydrocarbons pollution, spectacular and publicized, modifies the landscape in a brown color. Emotions are high and risks are nowadays unbearable. The European situation in the early 2000s provoked changes: social mobilization has forced political authorities to deal with these problems. Still, oil trades are essentials, they are one of the many “invisible” uses of oceans. All attention is concentrated to these areas because they provide most of hydrocarbon streams and became the way to expand economic globalization. In this network, the oil shipping has undergone an original and historical sedimentation. The oil industry was shaped by multiple shocks that changed the ownership of the resource. More than a banal ship accident, disasters have sophisticated political and economic causalities. This evolution affects the structure of oil shipping and the oil spills risks. With the establishment of markets, financial actors are inserted on the activity of shipping, a sector voluntarily abandoned by companies and oil states. The rejection of the fleet is the result of deliberate strategies. The international and European laws attempt to limit the negative effects of an unbalanced economic construction. The spatialization of these phenomenons highlights the marginalization of shipping and oil spills risks, despite the widespread use of coastal and marine areas
Dashab, Mehryar. "Les problèmes politiques, juridiques et financiers posés par le transport des hydrocarbures par pipelines : l'exemple de la zone géographique de la mer Caspienne." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0023.
Full textSince several decades, pipelines are playing an important role in the international transportation of hydrocarbons. During the next years, this role will probably continue to increase because of the discoveries of main oil and gas fields in the new littoral states of the Caspian sea. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan which are land-locked need to construct new pipelines for transporting their oil and natural gas to international markets. Nevertheless, working out these pipelines is very complex because of the geopolitical unstability which exists in this region and in the neighbouring countries which may play a transit role. Likewise, the legal unstability of the region, as the lack of an appropriate legal regime for the Caspian sea, contributes to make difficult the realization of these pipelines. That is why, the new littoral states of the Caspian sea have to resolve political, legal and financial issues before to succeed in their pipelines projects
Benhabib, Karim. "Transport dans les sols de cokerie de HAP issus de particules de goudron de houille." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPL024N.
Full textCoke production processes caused the incorporation of coal tars (NAPL or particle) into soils, these coal tars contain high amount of PAH. The aim of the present work was the investigation of the dynamics of the source term, nainely coal tar particles, as weIl as the transport of PAH through aged contaminated soils. Ln this goal, soil and coal tar samples were collected from brown field of an ancient coking plant. They were characterised by the analytical techniques of organic geochemistry (GC-MS, IR microspectroscopy). PAH transfer from coal tar particles into water was investigated by mean of closed loop laboratory column experiments. Results were interpreted by an equilibrium partitioning model and a mass transfer model. These models enabled us to compute a partitioning constant as weIl as effective diffusivities at various particle sizes and temperatures. PAH release and transport through contaminated soil was studied by laboratory column experiments, followed by phase separation of the collected fractions (ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation). This method enabled us to show that PAH concentrations in the aqueous phase were most often higher than their aqueous solubility, and that the transport of a major fraction was facilitated by colloids and/or high molecular weight macromolecules. The com- parison between the data obtained by organic analysis showed analogy between the PAH spectra in the different phases. FinaIly, the potentiality of reactive tracers to measure global parameters (organic carbon fraction foc and sorbant organic phase/water interface are a) was tested. Conversely to phenol, toluene tracing enabled us to measure foc whereas sodium octylbenzenesulfonate did not allow the measurement of the interface area. As a conclusion, this research brought new results on the source term dynamics and PAH transport through contaminated soil from a former coking plant in aqueous and colloidal phases, that are the basis of a conceptual model and a first point to upscaling at the pilot and field scales
Édorh, Pierre Ezi. "Le Risque dans le transport maritime du pétrole entre l'Europe et les Etats-Unis : incidences sur les performances europeennes." Littoral, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DUNK0125.
Full textUntil in the decade1970, the theory of the risk is, in the economic thought, focused on the monorisk only. Since the decade 1980, the economic theory of the risk includes the multirisk. In this study, the concept of maritime oil risk consists in multirisk which returns to a system of two principal risks : the body risk related to the oil tanker, and the risk of maritime pollution. The risk in maritime oil transport, concerned with the dependent multirisk, is by its component "oil pollution risk", a new risk, which cannot be covered by methods of insurances. The application of the economic theory of the risk to maritime oil transport presents limits then. On a regulatory and legal base, this study retains the performance by management of total quality. For this reason, strategies pursued by the various partners implied in maritime oil transport are analized. This entails two consequences. The first is related to the oil tanker fleet, whose surplus production capacity compresses then, oil freight rates. The renewal of the oil fleet, from (modern) tankers of good quality and with double hull is possible, if these freight rates are strongly remunerative and if they authorize the cover of totallity of the costs of the oil tanker shipowner, to allow this last, to acquire modern tankers. The second consequence is that, only the strict application of the regulations and legislations, could contribute to allow the oil tanker shipowner, to obtain profitable rewards, by the elimination of the tankers under standard
Calonne, Maryline. "Impact des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques sur le métabolisme lipidique et le transport du phosphore chez le champignon mycorhizien à arbuscules Rhizophagus irregularis." Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0311/document.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the major persistent organic pollutant frequently found in the polluted soils and are harmful for human health and its environment. To clean-up the PAHs polluted soils, phytoremediation assisted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could represent an innovative, ecological and cost-effective alternative. The use of mycorrhizas, as phytoremediation tool, has several advantages including increased tolerance to the pollutant toxicity, improved water and mineral nutrition as well as a better pollutant dissipation. Few studies have described the impact of PAHs on the AMF development related with lipid peroxidation and total lipid content disturbance. However, so far neither the target action of these pollutants on the metabolism, nor the role of these lipid changes in PAH tolerance and in their dissipation have been studied. Therefore, the present work aims firstly to improve our understanding of the PAHs impact on the CMA lipid metabolism. Thanks to radiolabeling experiments with [1-¹⁴C] acetate, our results showed a disruption of the membrane lipid biosynthesis pathways in the AMF extraradical mycelium, grown in the presence of PAHs. Secondly, it was highlighted that the PAHs affectef the phosphate nutrition. Finally, the mycorrhizas abilities to degrade and to bioaccumulate the benzo[a]pyrene, were pointed out. The involvement of extraradical mycelium storage lipid (triacyglycerols) metabolism in the membrane regeneration, the fight against the PAH induced-oxidative stress and the PAH metabolism/bioaccumulation is discussed
Picot, Géraldine. "Caractérisation et modélisation du transport de polluants dans la zone non saturée : application à une friche industrielle." Artois, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ARTO0209.
Full textThe contaminants accumulated in the first meters of the soil can move vertically, due to the successives infiltrations, towards the groundwater leading to its contamination. The main objective of this work deals with the characterization and the modelling of the spatial and temporary evolution of contaminants from the soil’s surface to the groundwater. This is on includes on one hand : the study of the parameter’s influence on the results of the simulation of flows and transport, and on the other hand this applies to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) polluted plant coke. The first part of this work helps us to identify six parameters for flow and five for the transport of contaminant whiches have to be estimated for experimental studies. The characterization of these parameters is made either in laboratory or in situ, and the value of some parameters can be obtained according to various methods. These methods of characterization are applied on Gandola’s experiment (1999) and give different values according to the method which is used. From this point of this work, we can wonder what will be the best way to estimate the parameters and also the impact on the results of the simulation which results from this. So, the second part of this work deals with the influence of parameters and models on the results of the flow and transport’s simulation in an unsaturated zone. A first scenario using the characterizated values gives us the numerical results similar to the laboratory results, whiches the point out ther right reasoning of the parameters’ characterization. After making vary the value of the most important parameters (sort of maillage, hydraulic conductivity, porosity, retention’s curve parameters, coefficent of dispersivity and diffusion), what emerges from all that in this study is that : the speed of the flow is sensitive to the values of the hydraulic conductivity and of porosity ; the evolution of concentration only depends on the values of the coefficients of dispersivity. The simulations are sensitive to the sort of retention’s model that is used (Van Genuchten-Mualem, Haverkamp et al. And Brooks & Corey). At last, each one of these models doesn’t make intervene the same number of parameters, which added to the parameters sensitivity becomes a significant selection criteria. The tested laboratory experiments prove to be interesting to validate and to test modelisation’s hypothesis. The conclusions provided by the second part enable to better apprehend the study of the real case : The waste land of an old plant coke. Which is studied in the last part of this work made three steps, the first witth regard to the collection of avaible informations, then the second step explains in detail the investigation campaign giving informations on the unsaturated zone estimated from 1,5 m to 5 m deep. The synthesis of those two steps enables the realization of a third one which deals with the modelisation of the unsaturated zone of the industrial wasteland. Five main slice are recognized on the site, characterizated and then put together in different scenario (of 5 meters deep) whiches are simulated. All of them are made up of the same contaminated source, of the same flux coming in (at the top) and of a constant and identical hydraulic head in the froundwater. The results of the simulation aver ten years enable us to estimate the portion of the contaminant getting to the groundwater but also to appreciate the importance of taking the unsaturated zone and its composition into account, in a study of the groundwater’s contamination by a polluted source placed on the surface of the soil. What emerges from all that is that the physical and hydrical characterization of the sort of the soil containing the contaminating source produces a difference in the transfer ‘s speed of the contaminants to the grounwater. This variation is more negligible according to the sort of soil constituting the underlying zone. So it is important in such a study to characterize the embankment constituting the first meters, as well as the stratification of the unsaturated zone on this sort of site
Le, Gentil Eric. "Pollution par les hydrocarbures en Manche et golfe de Gascogne. Risques et prévention entre 1960 et 2004." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00435266.
Full textRadilla, Giovanni. "Contamination des eaux souterraines par des hydrocarbures : experiences de laboratoire, modelisation, interpretation et resolution des problemes inverses pour l'estimation des proprietes de transport." Paris, ENSAM, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENAM0009.
Full textDridi-Dhaouadi, Sonia. "Contribution à l'étude du transport d'hydrocarbures polyaromatiques en milieu poreux naturel saturé : expériences en colonne et modélisation des processus d'équilibre et des cinétiques d'interaction." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL074N.
Full textAppert-Collin, Jean-Christophe. "Contribution à l'analyse des risques liés au transport d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les milieux poreux naturels : du système modèle à l'échantillon de sol pollué." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL120N.
Full textGujisaite, Valérie. "Transport réactif en milieux poreux non saturés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL056N/document.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the link between water flow and physical and chemical interactions in soils under variably water flow conditions, in order to improve the prediction of contaminants fate. It deals with understanding how the porous media water content can modify soil reactivity towards contaminants, and assessing the possibility to predict reactivity under unsaturated conditions with reactive solute transport studied in saturated porous media. Various processes were considered: cations exchange calcium-zinc on a model porous media (sand-kaolinite), sorption and desorption of an organic compound on a non polluted soil, transport of priority contaminants such as PAHs on an industrial contaminated soil. In each case, experiments were carried out with soil columns at the laboratory scale under saturated and unsaturated steady-state flow conditions, in order to characterize at first hydrodynamics and then to study the link with reactivity. Modeling of the breakthrough curves was then performed with codes such as CXTFIT. We showed an influence of porous media water content on reactive transport which was different as a function of the interaction. Porous media structure must also be taken into account. Ions exchange on a model porous media was not globally modified by the water content varying in a range close to saturation. On the contrary, higher sorption and lower migration of organic contaminants were observed under unsaturated conditions. Reactive transport of these compounds cannot therefore be predicted under unsaturated conditions with tests performed on saturated porous media which may overestimate transport
Anker, Wolfram. "Représentation spatiale des risques de propagation des pollutions par hydrocarbures en milieu souterrain : application en milieu alluvial." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825624.
Full textPacini-Petitjean, Claire. "Réactivité des hydrocarbures en réponse à une injection de CO2/O2 dans des conditions de réservoirs pétroliers déplétés : modélisations expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0020/document.
Full textThe geological storage of CO2 (CO2 Capture-Storage – CCS) and the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) by CO2 injection into petroleum reservoirs could limit CO2 atmospheric accumulation. However, CO2 can be associated with oxygen. To predict the hydrocarbon evolution under these conditions involves the study of oxidation mechanisms. Oxidation experiment and kinetic detailed modeling were carried out with pure compounds. The comparison between experimental and modeling results led to the construction of a hydrocarbon oxidation kinetic model and emphasized the parameters leading to auto ignition. The good agreement between our experiments and modeling are promising for the development of a tool predicting the critical temperature leading to auto-ignition and the evolution of hydrocarbon composition, to estimate the stability of a petroleum system in CO2 injection context
Le, Gentil Éric. "Pollution par les hydrocarbures en Manche et en golfe de Gascogne : risques et prévention entre 1960 et 2004." Brest, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00435266.
Full textIn order to decrease accidental and operationnal oil spills from vessels, the international community has created a system of risk prevention for oil pollution. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of this process in the English channel and the bay of Biscay between 1960 and 2004. In the first part, we present methods and data used to assess quantity and circumstances of oil spills from vessels. We show in the second part that Channel and bay of Biscay are more exposed to oil spills than regionals seas surrounding mainly because of maritime traffic caracteristics and climatic context. In the third part, we analyse the evolution of accidental and operationnal oil spills and we discuss the influence of the regulation framework (compliance rate with international norms by flag states, port states and coastal states) and of the socio-economic context on observed tendancies
Ouarem, Nacer. "Sonatrach entre institution et organisation : analyse institutionnaliste du secteur des hydrocarbures en Algérie (1958-2006)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0025.
Full textSonatrach has been always a topic of particular interest for researchers. It was the first attempt of industrialization in Algeria during the period 1960-1970 and then the source of debts and crisis from 1986 to 1994. With the rebound of oil price, it became a way out of the crisis and a financial source for economic growth. Il is difficult to study Sonatrach independently of its national and international environment. It was created in a very complicated political context and today it is considered as a means of regulation and pressure. The level of its performance has impacts the macroeconomic policy of Algeria. The Algerian systemic adjustments and adaptations have affected the strategy orientation of Sonatrach (1979, 1986 1991 and 2005). The objective of his thesis is to analyze the evolution of the hydrocarbon sector in Algeria between 1958 and 2006. In the first part, we examine the dynamics of the market to understand its functioning and impact of the commodity on the geopolitical strategies of actors in particular as regards security of supply. The nature of the assets involved in the oil industry is key in choosing the particular actors in strategic alliances. In the second part, with the principal component analysis (PCA), we examine the evolution of every activity of Sonatrach and of its partners. The analysis of the legal activity conducted allows us to explain the context in which the laws were introduced (n° 086-14 and n° 91-22; n° 05-07) and how they impacting the performance of Sonatrach and shareholders
Pistikopoulos, Panayotis. "Comportement physicochimique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques particulaires et gazeux dans l'atmosphère mode de formation des aérosols, transport à méso-échelle, adaptation d'un modèle-récepteur à des composés réactifs /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617570t.
Full textPistikopoulos, Panayotis. "Comportement physiochimique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, particulaires et gazeux, dans l'atmosphere : mode de formation des aerosols, transport a meso-echelle, adaptation d'un modele-recepteur a des composes reactifs." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077140.
Full textLe, Couviour Karine. "La responsabilité civile à l'épreuve des pollutions majeures résultant du transport maritime /." Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41216121v.
Full textRodriguez, Manrique Fernancelys Del Carmen. "Combinaisons tensioactifs-polymères pour la Récupération Améliorée des Hydrocarbures (RAH) par voie chimique appliquée aux réservoirs de pétroles extra-lourds : propriétés de transport en milieux poreux et mécanismes de récupération." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC048.
Full textThis thesis is a study of injection of chemicals as an Enhanced Oil Recovery Method (CEOR) in reference to an extra-heavy oil reservoir case in Venezuela. Firstly, the polymer transport properties of concentrated polymer solutions have been investigated in porous media in monophasic conditions. This has involved: polymer dosage, rheological characterization and coreflood experiments that allowed quantifying the polymer retention, the mobility reduction effect including injectivity aspects. It has been observed that retention/adsorption increases with polymer concentration and that modeling based on depletion layers effects is an effective tool to interpret the mobility reduction values. Secondly, oil, brine and rock from a Venezuelan extra-heavy oil reservoir have been characterized and oil recovery tests in porous media have been carried out. These tests aimed at determining the ultimate residual oil saturation achievable by CEOR. Experimental results on both Bentheimer outcrops and reservoir rock have shown that surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding in secondary conditions is the most relevant process at core scale. SP flooding appears in particular more effective than sole polymer (P) and surfactant (S) flooding. Reduction of viscous instabilities, and hence improvement in mobility control after SP flooding, has been confirmed from CT-scanner analysis. The results obtained in this work at the laboratory scale, are aimed at being used as input data for simulating CEOR processes at the reservoir scale. This opens the way towards realistic economic assessments on CEOR for extra¬heavy oil in Venezuela and large scale field developments
Goeury, Cédric. "Modélisation du transport des nappes d'hydrocarbures en zone continentale et estuarienne." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1131/document.
Full textThe application of the European Water Framework Directive on water quality for human consumption and industrial activities creates a need for water quality assessment and monitoring systems. The MIGR'HYCAR research project (http://www.migrhycar.com) was initiated to provide decisional tools for risks connected to oil spills in continental waters (rivers, lakes and estuaries), which represent more than 50% of accidental spills in France. Within the framework of this project, a new numerical oil spill model has been developed, as part of the Telemac hydro-informatics system (see: (http://www.opentelemac.org), by combining Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. The Lagrangian model describes the transport of an oil spill near the free surface. The oil spill model enables to simulate the main processes driving oil plumes: advection, diffusion, oil beaching, oil re-floating, evaporation, dissolution, spreading and volatilization. Though generally considered as a minor process, dissolution is important from the point of view of toxicity. To model dissolved oil in water, an Eulerian advection-diffusion model is used. The fraction of dissolved oil is represented by a passive tracer. This approach is able to follow dissolved hydrocarbons in the water column. Laboratory experiments were conducted to characterise the numerous kinetics of the processes listed above. In addition, meso-scale dynamic experiments in artificial channels and test cases derived from the literature are used to validate the numerical model
De, Sant'ana Hosibero Batista. "Mesure et modélisation des propriétés volumétriques et de la viscosité d'hydrocarbures liquides et de gaz à haute pression." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF2A002.
Full textTahchi, Belgacem. "Géopolitique de la Sonatrach : entre internationalisation diffuse et souveraineté en déclin." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040098.
Full textAlgeria is ranked as the ninth largest natural gas producing countries, representing 2.4% of the world natural gas roduction. It held the fifteenth place in the world and the third in Africa with 9.2 billion barrels of oil in terms of proven reserves, which represents 0.9% of world oil reserves. To the good quality of Algerian oil, ideal for its low sulfur content, which makes it very easy to refine, a clement geology and an advantageous nearness from the European markets are added. This proximity is enhanced by the new trans-mediterranean pipelines Medgaz, the future Galsi and by a fleet of LNG tankers. With an economy dependent on hydrocarbon revenues, constituting 97% of its exports, Algeria is set up in an energy trap. In this field the Algerian company responsible for the sector, Sonatrach, holds control of the hydrocarbons chain on all its levels. The law 2006-10, relating to hydrocarbons, at first sight responds to forward-looking development of the Sonatrach, knowing that the Company is looking also to break free from the state and to plan its own expansionist plan in a modern management model, aligning at the same time with the competitive offers proposed by the international firms leading in this field. The analysis of the policy of the company and the Algerian hydrocarbons sector in general, contribute to answer to problematic of the strategic choices available to the company
Michel, Julien. "Transport d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et de métaux dans les sols non saturés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL058N/document.
Full textPAHs and heavy metals are major soil pollutants and most of former industrial soils are co-polluted by both types of compounds. The aim of this work was to assess their transport in polluted soils under saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. This study was carried out by two approaches. First, heavy metal influence on PAH sorption and vice versa was studied with a “model” system. We showed that when the soil was simultaneously contaminated with fluoranthene and zinc, zinc retention was lower than when it was alone in the soil. As a consequence zinc would be expected to migrate more easily to the water table in co-polluted soils. Lead was more strongly retained in the presence of fluoranthene. But heavy metal influence on fluoranthene sorption was of minor importance. Then, PAH and heavy metal transport in a former coking plant soil was evaluated at the laboratory scale, under saturated and unsaturated flow conditions, by means of column experiments, and at the lysimeter scale under natural atmospheric conditions. The goal of these experiments was to compare PAH and heavy metal migration in a field-like situation with results obtained in the laboratory and to determine the appropriate experimental device for risk assessment studies. We showed that column experiments may overestimate PAH migration at the field scale. However heavy metal leaching was in accordance with what was expected from lysimeter experiments. But such experiments are rather time consuming and quite expensive, and as a consequence not adapted for risk assessment studies. Therefore we designed an original laboratory set up able to represent PAH and heavy metal migration at the field scale
Benredouane, Nadia. "La protection de l'environnement en Méditerranée : le droit à l'épreuve des pollutions issues du transport maritime d'hydrocarbures." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010296.
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Tabach, Eddy El. "Étude de l'impact d'une pollution accidentelle et d'une pollution agricole sur les ressources en eau souterraine." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Tabach.pdf.
Full textCette étude permet de dégager les paramètres prépondérants. Ces paramètres sont ensuite considérés pour la construction d'une base de données qui sert à la calibration d'un modèle basé sur les "réseaux de neurones ". Ce modèle est utilisé dans le cas de l'étude de l'impact de l'aménagement de la RN2 entre Avesnes sur Helpes et Maubeuge sur les champs captants du synclinal de Bachant. La troisième partie traite de la migration d'une pollution diffuse d'origine agricole (nitrates) dans la zone non saturée. On présente la zone d'étude et les résultats des suivis in situ, en ce qui concerne d'une part les apports d'engrais en surface (historiques culturaux) et d'autre part les mesures de profils en nitrates effectués pour certains sondages. On présente ensuite la construction de la base de données. Les variables d'entrée retenues sont les historiques culturaux en surface (apports d'azote), l'épaisseur de la couche de couverture limoneuse en dessous de la zone racinaire, la profondeur de la nappe et le temps. Finalement, on présente le modèle de réseaux de neurones artificiels et son application à la construction de cartes de contamination en nitrates de la partie supérieure de la nappe
Portois, Clément. "Comportement de la mousse en milieu poreux pour confiner une source de pollution : potentialités, contraintes et démonstration en site réel." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30002.
Full textThe presence of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in groundwater is particularly problematic because it can contaminate them for decades. The treatment of these sites, whose pollution is often mixed and complex, requires the development of reliable techniques. Particularly in the context of a heterogeneous aquifer, conventional techniques suffer from the low potential for pollution sweeping by remedying agents. In situ foam generation is an innovative technique to control the mobility of these agents. The general approach of the thesis concerns the development of foam injection and its applicability. in the context of an industrial site in activity contaminated by chlorinated solvents. The originality of this work concerns the use of foam as a confining agent (hydraulically) of a source zone within the plant itself. The first objective of this thesis is to define the origin of pollution and the processes responsible for the transport of dissolved compounds in a multilayered and heterogeneous aquifer system. In this context, a 3-dimensional transport model has been developed and constrained based on geological data (3D structure), hydrogeological data (piezometry, groundwater velocity measurement), and chemical data (chlorinated solvent and major ions). The combination of these approaches had a real impact on the understanding of the hydrogeological dynamics of the underground system present at the study site, and allowed us to define the foam injection zone. In parallel with site characterization, experimental work in laboratory allows to define the mechanisms responsible for reducing the water-relative permeability by injecting foam. Through a multi-scale approach, we (i) define a formulation (surfactant concentrations and composition) and injection parameters (foam quality, injection rate, injection mode ) to generate a foam favorable to the reduction of water saturation (column 1D). This saturation decrease led to a reduction of the water relative permeability by a factor greater than 100. (ii) Estimate the behavior of the foam along an injection profile and its impact on the reduction saturation in water a few centimeters from an injection point (2D decimetric pilot). (iii) Verify the 3D applicability of the developed injection system and to follow the evolutions of the impact of the foam in an aquifer (test on a real piezometer). Finally, a continuous foam injection test during 96 hours at the source zone of the contaminated industrial site was carried out. Conducting a pumping test (post injection) in the center of the confined zone, coupled with contaminant fluxes measurements (pre and post injection) and implemented in a 2D model, highlighted the real impact of the injected foam over a radius greater than 2m with a reduction of the flow of pollutant downstream by a factor 4.5. The various laboratory and modeling work highlight the advances and limitations of the developed technique and make it possible to propose ways of improvement
Burot, Daria. "Transported probability density function for the numerical simulation of flames characteristic of fire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0026/document.
Full textThe simulation of fire scenarios requires the numerical modeling of various complex process, particularly the gaseous combustion of hydrocarbons including soot production and radiative transfers in a turbulent. The turbulent nature of the flow induces interactions between these processes that need to be taken accurately into account. The purpose of this thesis is to implement a transported Probability Density function method to model these interactions precisely. In conjunction with the flamelet model, the Lindstedt model, and a wide-band correlated-k model, the composition joint-PDF transport equation is solved using the Stochastic Eulerian Fields method. The model is validated by simulating 12 turbulent jet flames covering a large range of Reynolds numbers and fuel sooting propensity. Model prediction are found to be in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Second, the effects of turbulence-radiation interactions (TRI) on soot emission are studied in details, showing that TRI tends to increase soot radiative emission due to temperature fluctuations, but that this increase is smaller for higher Reynolds numbers and higher soot loads. This is due to the negative correlation between soot absorption coefficient and the Planck function. Finally, the effects of taking into account the correlation between mixture fraction and enthalpy defect on flame structure and radiative characteristics are also studied on an ethylene flame, showing that it has weak effect on the mean flame structure but tends to inhibit both temperature fluctuations and radiative loss
Layeghkhavidaki, Hamed. "Effet des polluants de type hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques sur l'homéostasie lipidique et les récepteurs des lipoprotéines hépatiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0120/document.
Full textObesity is a multifactorial disorder that represents a significant risk factor for many pathologies including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent epidemiological studies suggest potential obesogenic effects of environmental contaminants, but little information is available on their potential effect on hepatic lipoprotein metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the common environmental pollutants, belonging to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (HAP) on three lipoprotein receptors, the LDL-receptor (LDL-R), the scavenger receptor B1 (SRB1) and the lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) as well as the ATP binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) using cell and/or animal models. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence in vitro studies revealed that exposure of Hepa1-6 to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) significantly decreased LSR, LDL-R and ABCA1 protein levels, whereas no significant changes in protein levels and LSR activity where observed upon cell treatment with pyrene or phenanthrene. Real-time PCR analysis, lactacystin and chloroquine studies revealed that this effect was due primarily to increased proteasome-mediated degradation rather than to decreased transcription or to increased lysosomal degradation. Furthermore, ligand blots revealed that lipoproteins exposed to B[a]P displayed markedly decreased binding to LSR or LDL-R. C57Bl/6RJ mice were treated with B[a]P (0.5 mg/kg, i.p) every 48 h for 15 days. The increased weight gain observed was accompanied by increased plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels, increased liver cholesterol content, and decreased LDL-R, ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR-B1 protein levels in B[a]P-treated animals as compared to controls. Correlations observed between hepatic LSR and LDL-R levels in control mice were no longer observed in B[a]P treated mice, suggesting a potential dysregulation of hepatic lipoprotein metabolism.Taken together, these results suggest that B[a]P-induced weight gain may be due its inhibitory action on LSR and LDL-R, as well as ABCA1 and lipoprotein metabolism in the liver, which leads to the modified lipid status in B[a]P-treated mice, thus providing new insight into mechanisms underlying the involvement of pollutants such as B[a]P in the disruption of lipid homeostasis, potentially contributing to dyslipidemia associated with obesity
Bai, Song. "L'unification des régimes de responsabilité civile en matière de pollution marine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1049.
Full textSince the Torrey Canyon oil spill, the International Maritime Organization began drafting three international conventions (CLC, HNS and bunker oil conventions) to establish civil liability for compensation for ship-source pollution damages. Claims for compensation for pollution damages (including clean-up costs) may be brought against the owner of ships which caused the damages or directly against the owner's insurer. The ship-owner is normally entitled to limit his liability to an amount which is linked to the tonnage of his ship. Furthermore, the IOPC funds which was set up in 1992 under the IOPC convention 1992 is able to compensate the victims when compensation under the CLC 1992 is not available or not adequate. But do these international regimes work well ? And are there conflicts between the International conventions ? Certainly, the most of loss resulting from oil spills from sea can be compensated by the CLC/ IOPC system. But the compensation under CLC/IOPC is not able to be enough for the major pollution events. If the CLC, HNS and bunker oil Conventions don't set up the same scopes, these International Conventions might be in conflict in case of transportation of dangerous goods or hazardous goods by sea, because the spill of the bunker oil and the hazardous goods would cause a major marine pollution. This paper gives an overview of international liability and compensation regime, and tries to give a proposal to resolve the conflicts between the international conventions
Albakjaji, Mohamad. "La pollution de la mer méditerranée par les hydrocarbures liée au trafic maritime." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598492.
Full textTouati, Oumelkhir. "Rapport au travail et dynamique de transformation du métier d'ingénieur dans le contexte algérien : le cas de l'entreprise Sonatrach." Thèse, Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2209.
Full textLamprea, Katerine. "Caractérisation et origine des métaux traces, hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et pesticides transportés par les retombées atmosphériques et les eaux de ruissellement dans les bassins versants séparatifs péri-urbains." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Nantes (ECN), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002809.
Full textZotova, Julia. "Les relations politiques et économiques russo-iraniennes depuis l'effondrement de l'URSS (1991-2014)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL016.
Full textRussia has a very long relation with Iran. Since the collapse of the USSR (1991) there has been a political rapprochement and the development of economic exchanges between these two states, ideologically and politically very different. The Russian-Iranian alliance is based on the community of perception of many regional and international issues. It is indicative of the new geopolitical dynamics in the post-Cold War world and undeniably linked to the question of the place of Russia, but also of the emerging countries, on this “new chessboard”. This collaboration is in a way affecting the energy future of the world. Through this study, which covers the period 1991-2014, we have tried to understand and clarify a number of questions: Why is Russian-Iranian cooperation now on a scale never seen before? What has caused the two countries get closer? Is it really a strategic partnership, as the leaders of the two countries have claimed at different times, or should we talk about a "marriage of convenience" and a tactical agreement? What roles do external factors play in the current Russian-Iranian relations? Are we witnessing the formation of a Moscow-Tehran axis based exclusively on anti-American logic? What are the political and economic causes actually shared between Russia and Iran, and where are the limits of their partnership? What position does Russia take in the face of Tehran's atomic ambitions as the only country collaborating with Iran in the nuclear field?
Tomasoni, Angela Maria. "Modèles et méthodes d'évaluation et de gestion des risques appliqués aux systèmes de transport de marchandises dangereuses (TMD), reposant sur les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC)." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006223.
Full textVilleneuve, Jean-Pierre. "Géochimie des composés organochlores dans l'environnement marin." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066153.
Full textSAUVAGE, BRUNO. "Etude des plasmas d'arc d'hydrogene/methane : application a l'hydropyrolyse d'hydrocarbures lourds." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30012.
Full textLamprea, Maldonado Diana Katerine. "Caractérisation et origine des métaux traces, hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et pesticides transportés par les retombées atmosphériques et les eaux de ruissellement dans les bassins versants séparatifs péri-urbains." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596847.
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