Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport du génome'
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Nachury, Maxence. "La GTPase Ran : un marqueur du génome dans l'espace cellulaire." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112257.
Full textThe Ran GTPase is involved in a number of processes required for the xpression and, maintenance of the eukaryotic genome. Two factors ensure that GTP-bound Ran is only found in the vicinity of the genomic DNA. First, RCC1, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ran, binds tightly and constitutively to chromatin. Second, RanGAP, the GTPase-activating protein for Ran. Is found only in the cytosol. The aim of my thesis research was to understand how this anisotropic distribution of RanGTP orchestrates nucleocytoplasmic transport during interphase and spindle assembly during, mitosis. The transport of proteins into and out of the nucleus is an active process that depends on Ran and specific transport receptors. I found that the translocation of receptor-cargo complexes across the nuclear pore complex (NPC) does not require GTP hydrolysis by Ran. Furthermore, the presence of high concentrations of RanGTP in the cytoplasm can invert the direction of transport through the NPC. .
Carlón-Andrés, Irene. "Implication fonctionnelle de la nucléoporine Nup358/RanBP2 et des récepteurs de transport dans l’entrée du génome adénoviral." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0807/document.
Full textNuclear delivery of viral genomes is an essential step for nuclear replicating DNA viruses such asAdenovirus (AdV). AdV particles reach the nuclear pore complex (NPC) in the form of genomecontaining, partially disassembled capsids, through a poorly understood CRM1-dependent mechanism.These capsids exceed the NPC size limit and therefore, they must disassemble at the NPC to releasethe viral genome. Nuclear import of DNA cargos is not a physiological process. Consequently, AdVneed to divert the cellular transport machinery for nuclear genome delivery. The NPC is a multiproteincomplex consisting of nucleoporins (Nups). The Nup358/RanBP2 is the major component ofthe cytoplasmic filaments of the NPC and serves as binding platform for factors includingkaryopherins (i.e Importin-β, CRM1) and the small GTPase Ran. Selective transport of cargo throughthe NPC is mediated by karyopherins, which recognize specific signals within the cargos and facilitatetheir transport in a RanGTP-dependent regulated manner. We identified that Nup358-depleted cellsreduce nuclear import efficiency of the AdV genome. Indeed, we observed that karyopherins are ratelimitingfor AdV genome import under these conditions and we mapped the minimal region ofNup358 necessary to compensate the import defect. On the other hand, we could confirm therequirement of CRM1 in nuclear targeting of AdV capsids and identified and additional role inmediating AdV capsid disassembly. This work helps to understand the strategy used by AdV todeliver their genome and gives insight about how viruses hijack the cellular transport machinery fortheir own benefit
Gallucci, Lara. "Interactions of HBV capsid involved in nuclear transport." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0130/document.
Full textThe Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus containing a partially double stranded DNA genome (rcDNA). HBV causes acute and chronic infections. HBV is not cytotoxic but chronic inflammation leads to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HBV replicates via an RNA intermediate, which is transcribed from a covalently closed circular form of the viral DNA (cccDNA). This pregenomic RNA is specifically encapsidated into the capsid by interaction with the viral polymerase, which also interacts with the core protein (Cp), forming the capsid. The polymerase retrotranscribes the pregenomic RNA into single stranded DNA and subsequently partially double stranded DNA resulting in mature capsids (MatC). Cp is an 185 aa long polypeptide comprising a N-terminal assembly domain, and a flexible C-terminal domain (CTD). The CTD includes two overlapping nuclear localization signals (NLS) of eight aa and an Importin ß Binding Domain (IBB) of 34 aa. The CTD is fixed in the interior of the capsid by interacting with single stranded nucleic acids but translocates to the exterior in MatC and empty capsids (EmpC). Cp is over expressed leading to assembly of EmpC. The virus has to deliver its genome into the nucleus of infected cells for replication. Nuclear transport is mediated by the capsid that interacts with nuclear import receptors. The group has recently shown that MatC need either both, importin (Imp.) and importin ß (Imp.ß), or Imp.ß alone for transport of the capsids into the nuclear basket. In this structure where genome liberation likely occurs, the transport of the capsid is arrested by interaction between the capsid and the nucleoporin Nup153. In the thesis we demonstrate that MatC binds to Imp.α but not Imp.ß, suggesting that only the part of the CTD, which contains the NLSs is exposed on capsids’ surface. In collaboration with the Adam Zlotnick (Indiana University, U.S.A.) we showed that EmpC, in contrast, bind Imp.β directly without Imp.α acting as an adaptor. This interaction, which is stronger than the one of Imp. occurs needs IBB exposure, meaning that the entire CTD becomes externalized. Furthermore, exposure to very high Imp.ß concentration led to EmpC destabilization. The genome release within the nuclear basket implies that Nup153 is involved in genome liberation from MatC. To verify this hypothesis we used MatC with a radioactively labeled genome, which were exposed to the capsid binding-Nup153 fragment. Investigating the accessibility of the genome to nucleases we found that the Nup153 fragment had no impact on capsids stability, suggesting the need of cellular factors driving disassembly. This conclusion is in agreement with our observation that MatC added to isolated nuclei resulted in nuclear capsid entry, which requires disassembly. To further study the disassembly step and the consequent release of the viral genome, we developed a system to directly visualize the viral genome allowing investigations of genome uncoating in real time. The system is based on the cooperative binding of a fluorescent fusion protein between the bacterial protein OR with GFP to a double stranded DNA sequence called Anch. Using this model we showed that infection of OR-GFP-expressing hepatoma cells with HBV containing a modified Anch genome allowed monitoring genome release into the nucleus. In future, this system may help identifying factors involved in genome release and repair and to decipher their molecular interactions
Akarsu, Hatice. "Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles des protéines virales impliquées dans le trafic intracellulaire du génome du virus de la grippe." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011131.
Full textla cellule hôte par endocytose, libère dans le cytoplasme ses vRNPs qui gagnent ensuite le noyau cellulaire pour être transcrites et répliquées. Les vRNPs sont importées via l'hétérocomplexe des importines alpha/beta. La NP, composant majoritaire des vRNPs, pourrait être impliquée dans cette étape et serait aussi un candidat idéal dans la mise au point de drogues antivirales. Nous avons voulu déterminer les caractéristiques structurales de
NP en complexe avec l'importine alpha 5 humaine. Grâce à la technique de microscopie électronique à transmission, nous avons obtenu un premier
modèle à basse résolution du complexe NP/importine alpha.
Dans le noyau, les vRNPs sont étroitement liées à la chromatine. En phase tardive du cycle viral, la protéine matricielle M1 se lierait aussi à la chromatine, peut-être pour décrocher les vRNPs. Nous avons pu montrer, par la technique de sédimentation, que les vRNPs se lient aux queues des histones, alors que M1 se fixe sur le domaine globulaire des octamères d'histones.
En fin de cycle viral, les vRNPs amplifiées sortent du noyau. Nos tests enzymatiques, d'interaction sur billes et en sédimentation montrent que les protéines virales M1 et NEP servent d'adaptateurs entre les vRNPs et le système d'export nucléaire CRM1/RanGTP. Nous avons aussi obtenu la
structure cristallographique du domaine C-terminal de NEP se liant à M1.
Jacquot, Pierre. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de pb2, protéine de la queue du bactériophage T5Rôle dans le transport du génome viral et dans la morphogenèse de la queue." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112188.
Full textPhage genome transfer through the envelope of the bacterial host is a complex process that is operated via varied mechanisms depending on the phages considered. This work was aimed at clarifying the role of pb2, the tail tip protein of phage T5, during its genome transport through the E. Coli envelope. First a bionformatical analysis of pb2 outlined the peculiar organization of this protein compared to other structural proteins of phage and allowed us to assign this protein as a tape measure protein, that determines the length of the tail. To understand the role of the C-terminal domain in the activity of pb2, a shorter 21kDa protein constituting the C terminal end of pb2-Cterm, has been over-expressed and purified. Gel infiltration, analytical ultracentrifugation, and blue native gel analysis demonstrated that this protein has an oligometric organization, ranging from dimers to hexamers, depending on the protein concentration, the pH and salt concentration of the buffer. The size of the particles observed by electron microscopy indicates that the pentametric organization is prevalent, as also suggested in vivo. Pb2-Cterm is able to fuse LUVs (Large Unilamellar Vesicles) and aggregate GUVs. In vivo, it promotes septum deformation of bacteria. Pb2 is also able to partially digest peptidoglycan. Altogether these results suggest that pb2 is a multifunctional protein that has no equivalent in other phages. We propose that this protein forms a DNA pore, thanks to its fusogenic and peptidoglycan hydrolytic activities and also plays a central role during the morphogenesis of the phage by determining the length of the tail
Mselli-Lakhal, Laïla. "Construction de vecteurs lentiviraux défectifs pour la réplication : étude du transport des ARN et des séquences impliquées dans l'encapsidation du génome du virus de l'arthrite et de l'encéphalite caprine (CAEV)." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T058.
Full textNowacki, Mariusz. "Developmental genome rearrangements in Paramecium tetraurelia : novel proteins and short RNAs involved in trans-nuclear, homology-dependent crosstalk." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066233.
Full textPenaud, Stéphanie. "Analyse de la séquence génomique et étude de l'adaptation à l'acidité de L. Delbrueckii ssp. Bulgaricus ATCCC11842." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INAP0013.
Full textBerrada, Gouzi Ai͏̈cha. "Secrétion des protéines et génie génétique." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P063.
Full textSamson, Eric. "Modélisation numérique du transport ionique dans les matériaux cimentaires non saturés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23639/23639.pdf.
Full textBolduc, Louis-Samuel. "Étude des propriétés de transport du béton projeté." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26344/26344.pdf.
Full textPenaud, Stéphanie. "Analyse de la séquence génomique et Etude de l'adaptation à l'acidité de L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ATCC11842." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002283.
Full textPage, Patrick. "Synthèse et étude du mode d'action d'inhibiteurs d'aldolase de classe I. Vectorisation de ces inhibiteurs chez le trypanosome par le transporteur du glucose." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30259.
Full textLongchamps, Jean. "Pré-dimensionnement du dispositif de stockage énergétique d'un autobus de transport urbain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27831/27831.pdf.
Full textUrban transit buses have furrowed our roads for a long time now. Both reliable and economical, these vehicles have become one of the most popular mean of transportation to commute passengers throughout entire cities. Unfortunately, the ever-increasing emissions of pollutants caused by the burning of gasoline of these buses, have urged the government authorities to take due reforms in the transport sector so that more and more alternatives are proposed. In this context, the electric buses have recently been identified as viable and promising alternative for reducing emissions of pollutants in cities. Since the technology behind the electrification of urban buses is still young, there is a growing interest on how we should scale its main components such as its engine and its power source. The work presented in this paper contributes in the development of a tool that allows a user to have an idea on the size of the energy source and the electric motor of the bus. The tool allows among others to determine the dimensional parameters of the bus that reflect the choice of vehicle dynamic performance. In deriving the mathematical equations that govern the behavior of the bus, one can develop simulation tool software. By configuring the tool according to the needs of a dimensional study, we come to offer bus designs that meet different situations of use. After analyzing the results from more than 150 simulations, we can show that the size of the energy source depends essentially on the choice of battery type, autonomy target and driving cycle used by the bus. Other results show that the use of the source to meet the energy needs of the heating system of the bus in winter is not advisable. Indeed, in almost all cases, the amount of energy used from heating corresponds approximately to half the available energy source. Finally, we can show that the combined use of supercapacitors and batteries, for low autonomy targets, further reduces the dimensions of the source needed to meet performance criteria.
SOUA, BRAHIM. "Étude de l'usure et de l'endommagement du roulement ferroviaire avec des modèles d'essieux non-rigides." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENPC9702.
Full textShalygin, Maxim. "Réalisation et caractérisation du transport sélectif gazeux de contacteurs gaz-liquide à membrane (Selective transport of gases in gas-liquid membrane system)." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL022N/document.
Full textCombined gas-liquid membrane systems gather the advantages of membrane and absorption separation techniques. Specifically, selective membrane valves (SMV called flowing liquid membranes) were studied, i.e. creation, gas transport experiments, liquid nature and temperature dependences, and modelling. SMV use a flowing layer of liquid supported between two membranes. The 1st part of the dissertation reports the study of steady and non-steady state gas transports in SMV built out dense polymeric membranes. In the 2nd part is given the development of an original mathematical model for SMV simulation and its experimental assessment for CO2/CH4/H2 mixtures with aqueous solutions of K2CO3. From systematic studies of steady and non-steady state processes, both in flow-through and circulating modes, it was found that increasing of temperature and liquid carrier concentration (K2CO3) leads to the simultaneous rise of permeability and selectivity during CO2 recovery from CO2/H2 mixture
Lemonnier, Sarah. "Rôle des phénomènes de transport dans la mise au point de stratégies thérapeutiques de réparation osseuse." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1031/document.
Full textThis study aims to set up methods and tools to improve our understanding of the role played by transport phenomena (transport of cells, fluid and chemical species) in the development of new therapeutic protocols for bone reconstruction, using a double approach: experimental studies and numerical simulations. Hence, in the second chapter of this document, we have been able to link the intrinsic permeability of a porous medium – a key parameter regarding fluid transport through porous media – to the geometric structure of its pores. We have also highlighted the influence of electrochemical interactions on the flow of an ionic solution (such as physiologic fluids) through cortical bone, due to its porous structure and its chemical composition (presence of electrically charged fibers). These tools have then enabled us to analyze, at first glance, the experimental results of permeability tests conducted on ovin femoral periosteum, to identify the chemical-physical phenomena responsible for the specific behavior of this membrane (chapter 5). We also focused on the development of large bone implants coupling a mineral substitute and mesenchymal stem cells to enhance a volumic reconstruction of critical-sized bone defects. We have therefore designed, in chapter 3, a custom experimental set up that allows one to perform a reproducible cell seeding test on a porous scaffold and quantify the number of seeded cells as well as their viability rate. The experimental results provided by these tests have then initiated the numerical model exposed in chapter 4, that aims to highlight criteria to meet regarding the design of new bone substitutes that would enhance a homogeneous volumic tissue growth during the first stages of the extit [in vitro} development of coupled implants
Lachance, Luc. "Observation de procédés basée sur des sous-modèles : applications au traitement et au transport de la matière." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24632/24632.pdf.
Full textTellez, Sanchez Oscar Augusto. "Optimizing the daily transport for people with disabilities." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI059.
Full textIn most of the developed countries, transport for people with disabilities (PWD) is subsidized with public funds. In France, the number of transported people increased by 18% from 2006 to 2008. In 2017, the cost of this transport was around 500 M€ representing 10% of the total medical transportation cost. Between 2006 and 2014, this cost has increased by 40%. For Medico-Social Institutions (MSI), transport costs often represent the second-largest expense after that of the staff. This thesis is part of the project "Numérique et Optimisation pour une Mobilité Adaptée" (NOMAd). This project aims to improve the daily transport service for people with disabilities between their homes and MSIs. To this end, we suggest the transport pooling between several MSIs on one side and a global optimization strategy for building the annual transport planning on the other side. Following the current practice, we can assume that the annual transport plan is composed of a pattern of identical weekly schedules. To solve the weekly problem, we first work on the planning of the half-day transport problem. This problem is called the fleet size and mix dial-a-ride problem. In this new variant of the dial-a-ride problem, en-route modifications of the vehicle's inner configuration are allowed. Vehicle reconfiguration is a lever to efficiently reduce transport costs, but the number of passengers and vehicle fleet setting make this problem intractable for exact solution methods. A large neighborhood search matheuristic combined with a set covering component and a reactive mechanism to automatically adjust its parameters is proposed. The simple juxtaposition of half-day transport schedules give cost-efficient transport planning but a very inconsistent service time for passengers. This situation is uncomfortable for PWD and even unacceptable for some people with mental disabilities. Time consistency together with traditional route planning defines a new variant of the multi-period dial-a-ride problem that we denote the time-consistent DARP. This problem is modeled as a route based mathematical program with two objectives: the transport cost and the service time consistency. The problem is solved with a matheuristic framework based on a master set partitioning problem and routes generated from a large neighborhood search procedure. The transport pooling between MSIs is both a research challenge and a managerial challenge. Currently, transport management is mainly carried out independently in each MSI. The pooling of transport increases the size of the problem and therefore its complexity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of transport pooling on the costs and the riding time of the users. The solving approach is clustering first route second. A comparison is made between a scenario without transport pooling and other scenarios allowing transport pooling shows that up to 30% of transport costs can be saved
Chabanon, Morgan. "Multiscale study of a perfusion bioreactor for bone tissue engineering." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0003/document.
Full textTissue engineering represents a promising approach for the production of bone substitutes. The use of perfusion bioreactors for the culture of bone-forming cells on a three-dimensional porous scaffold material, resolves mass transport limitations and provides physical stimuli, increasing the overall proliferation and differentiation of cells. Despite the recent and important development of bioreactors for tissue engineering, the underlying mechanisms leading to the production of bone substitutes remain poorly understood. The aim of this thesis is to gain insight on the influence of transport phenomena, on cell and tissue growth within a perfusion bioreactor. To this purpose, a combined modeling and experimental approach is followed.To start with, a rigorous theoretical framework is developed in order to study the transport properties of the bioreactor. Given the hierarchical nature of the system, the multiscale aspect of the problem must be taken into account. Based on the volume averaging theory with closure, mass and momentum transport processes are upscaled from the extracellular matrix scale, to the bioreactor scale. The effective properties of the encountered structures are evaluated, and the influence of the interscale dependencies are emphasized. The resulting macroscopic model includes non-conventional terms, which contributions are evaluated in the case of the bioreactor culture conditions.Then, cell proliferation and tissue growth are studied both, from an experimental and modeling point of view. First, fibroblast cells are cultured on glass beads in a bioreactor, perfused with culture medium at 10mL/min, for up to three weeks. A protocol combining histological techniques and image analysis allows the quantification of cell and tissue growth as a function of space and time. Second, a theoretical tissue production kinetic is introduced in the multiscale transport model previously developed. Finally, the resolution at the bioreactor scale allows to discuss the theoretical and experimental results in regard to the transport phenomena taking place in the perfusion bioreactor
Damarnegara, Anak. "Scour at the foot of seawalls." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC008.
Full textScour at the foot of the seawalls (toe-scour) is one of the major causes of structural damage to sea-walls, involved in 12% of directly-observed damages. For engineering purposes, simple empirical approaches are often used to predict toe-scour but these are often limited. And whilst data from field observations and experimental studies are both very valuable, they both suffer from practical limitations. Experimental work for example is limited by similarity constraints and full scale experiments are expensive, without allowing detailed control of individual parameters. Numerical simulations therefore offer an interesting alternative but they are not without challenges. The first problem is the correct modelling of free surface dynamics including wave breaking processes. The second is modelling the scour development process and its feedback on the flow pattern. Finally, to be practically useful, the method should be robust and use reasonably affordable computational resources for full-scale simulation.This thesis describes the development of an integrated numerical model is based on OpenFOAM – an open source CFD platform – which includes free surface dynamics, sediment transport and bed deformation processes. The free surface dynamics are modeled using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method with wave generation and absorption capabilities based on the use of a relaxation zone. The sediment transport process is calculated based on the bed load and suspended load approach and solved in the bed boundary using the Finite Area Method. The bed deformation is calculated using the sediment continuity equation, and the mesh is updated to take account the bed change.Several calibration tests have been performed to determine the model capabilities. Firstly, a sensitivity analysis was performed to characterize the influence of mesh size and numerical schemes on wave propagation. Secondly, several methods were compared for eliminating unwanted wave reflection. The model was then used to compute the wave-induced mass transport velocity in a closed flume, and the results compared with the theoretical solution and experimental data. It is shown that the failure to model correctly the pressure condition at the free surface leads to an overestimate of the drift close to the surface, which has to be compensated by an excessive negative drift in the body of the fluid. Fourth, the bed shear stress calculation is tested by studying the case of an oscillatory flow boundary layer. Two methods for computing the bed shear stress have been devised and tested with different mesh sizes. Finally, a simulation is carried out using all of these developments, to simulate the problem of erosion induced by the unsteady flow resulting from a dam-break, and the results are compared with an experimental test case. The sediment transport occurs mainly in the form of sheet flow, and a new method of simulating sheet flow has been devised, based on an analogy with dispersion in a fluidized bed. This approach has the advantage over previous models that it does not require any ad-hoc modification of existing sediment transport models. Finally, the complete model is applied to the case of waves impacting on a sea wall, first for horizontal bed case and second for the case of a sloped beach. The hydrodynamic properties of the flow are analyzed for both cases without using the bed deformation module. Then the scour model with movable bed is included in the simulation, for both cases
Buyer, Marc. "Transport de flux en réseau d'assainissement : Modèle 1D pour l'hydraulique des collecteurs et déservoirs avec prise en compte des discontinuités." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13116.
Full textTHE STRUCTURAL COMPLEXITY OF THE SEWER NETWORK AS WELL AS THE STRONG VARIABILITY OF THE CARRIED FLUXES ARE ANSWERABLE FOR NUMERICAL SIMULATION PROBLEMS OF THE WATER DEPTHS AND THE FLOW RATES. WE modelled the hydraulic behaviour of the system by TAKING INTO ACCOUNT PHENOMENA LIKE HYDRAULIC JUMP, BACKWATER EFFECT AND TRANSITION FROM FREE SURFACE TO PRESSURISED FLOW. WE ALSO delt with the geometrical diversity of the pipes, the presence of width variations and the appearence of JUNCTIONS. FINALLY, WE described OVERFALL STRUCTURES LIKE SEWER SIDE WEIR WHICH RULE is TO AVOID OVERFLOWS OF THE SEWER NETWORK AND TO PROTECT THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT FROM OVERLOAD IN RAINY WEATHER. SO, WE BUILt A ONE DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL TOOL BASED ON the resolution of THE SHALLOW WATER SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS EXPRESSED UNDER IT'S CONSERVATIVE FORM BY USING SHOCK CAPTURING NUMERICAL SCHEMES WHICH ARE ABLE TO DEAL WITH STRONG VARIATIONS ON THE STUDIED VARIABLES (WATER DEPTH AND FLOW RATE). THE NUMERICAL METHODS implemented ARE AT LEAST SECOND ORDER ACCURATE AND OF TVD TYPE, which means, NON-OSCILLATORY. THIS NUMERICAL MODEL IS ABLE TO Estimate WITH PRECISION THE poured FLOW RATEs poured by the SIDE WEIR. THE EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION PHASE OF THE NUMERICAL MODELS WAS REALISED IN THREE STEPS. FIRST, WE VALIDATED THE MODELS COMPUTED WITH FOUR DIFFERENT NUMERICAL SCHEMES IN ORDER TO REPRODUCE THE BACKWATER CURVES THANKS TO AN EXPERIMENTAL CHANNEL. THE RESULTS OBTAINED, VERY SATISFYING, PERMIT US TO SELECT THE MOST ACCURATE NUMERICAL MODEL CHOOSEN BETWEEN THE FOUR COMPUTED. SECONDLY, WE VERIFIED THE ABILITY OF THE SELECTED MODEL TO REPRODUCE THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE CHANNEL EXPANSION OR CONTRACTION BY THE USE OF A VENTURI FLUME. FINALLY, WE TESTED THE ACCURACY OF OUR HIGH AND LOW CRESTED SIDE WEIR NUMERICAL TOOL THANKS TO A PHYSICAL TEST BENCH
Laliberté, Mathieu. "Modélisation et simulation d'un véhicule servant à l'étude de l'arrimage direct dans le transport d'équipements hors normes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22068/22068.pdf.
Full textVoyer, Erika. "Expérimentation de méthodes de mitigation de la dégradation du pergélisol sur les infrastructures de transport du Nunavik, Nord du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26000/26000.pdf.
Full textDelsaute, Brice. "New approach for Monitoring and Modelling of the Creep and Shrinkage behaviour of Cement Pastes, Mortars and Concretes since Setting Time." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241829.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ramos, Bermudez Mario Bernardo. "Optimisation des systèmes de distribution de fluides et des réseaux de chauffage urbains à l'aide d'un algorithme génétique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24395/24395.pdf.
Full textGagnon, Frédérick. "Modélisation par éléments finis du transport électrochimique des espèces ioniques dans une cuve Hall-Héroult." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28758/28758.pdf.
Full textQuiguer, Stéphanie. "Acceptabilité, acceptation et appropriation des Systèmes de Transport Intelligents : élaboration d'un canevas de co-conception multidimensionnelle orientée par l'activité." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790392.
Full textDarquenne, Chantal. "Numerical and experimental investigation of aerosol transport and depostion in the human lung." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212587.
Full textCette thèse traite de l'étude numérique et expérimentale du transport et de la déposition d'aérosols dans les poumons. La partie numérique du travail porte sur des simulations uni-, bi- et tridimensionnelles du comportement des aérosols dans la structure pulmonaire. Les simulations unidimensionnelles (1D) sont effectuées dans des modèles trompettes et multibranche similaires à ceux utilisés dans les études de transport et de mélange gazeux dans les poumons. Le dépôt total, le profil des dépôts le long des différentes générations de l'arbre bronchique ainsi que la dispersion de boli d'aérosols sont calculés en fonction de la taille des particules et du protocole respiratoire. Un bolus consiste en un faible volume d'aérosols inhalé sous la forme d'un pic de concentration au cours d'une inspiration d'air pur. Les résultats montrent les limitations intrinsèques liées aux modèles 1D quant à la description du transport des aérosols dans les poumons et suggèrent l'utilisation d'équations multidimensionnelles pour décrire le transport de particules. Des simulations bidimensionnelles (2D) sont alors développées pour décrire le comportement des aérosols dans un modèle représentatif de la zone alvéolaire du poumon humain. Les simulations montrent que les particules ne se déposent pas uniformément sur les parois alvéolaires des conduits mais qu'elles sont principalement localisées près de l'entrée des alvéoles et ceci principalement dans le cas de petites particules (diamètre inférieure à 0.5 mm). De plus, les résultats montrent que le traditionnel coefficient de dispersion utilisé dans l'approche unidimensionnelle ne peut pas être extrapolé dans la zone alvéolaire du poumon.
Finalement, des simulations tridimensionnelles (3D) sont réalisées dans un modèle d'un conduit pulmonaire entouré d'alvéoles et confirment la déposition largement hétérogène des aérosols calculée dans l'étude bidimensionnelle suggérant que les concentrations locales et moyennes en aérosols peuvent être substantiellement différentes.
Parallèlement, des données expérimentales de déposition totale et de dispersion de boli d'aérosols sont obtenues et comparées aux résultats numériques. Des indices tels que la dispersion du bolus expiré, la déposition totale ou le déplacement du mode entre les courbes de concentration des boli inspiré et expiré mesurés au niveau de la bouche ont été évalués. Des simulations numériques similaire aux tests expérimentaux sont également effectuées. Bien qu'une approche relativement simplifiée soit utilisée, il apparaît que les simulations décrivent raisonnablement bien les résultats expérimentaux.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bringaud, Frédéric. "Caractérisation et étude d'une famille de gènes codant pour un ou plusieurs transporteurs de glucose chez Trypanosoma brucei brucei." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28199.
Full textBalayn, Pierre. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique de l'évolution morphologique des cours d'eau aménagés lors de crues." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10111.
Full textYang, Rong Wei. "Contributions to micromechanical modelling of transport and freezing phenomena within unsaturated porous media." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1146/document.
Full textMicromechanical approach is employed to investigate the transport and freezing within unsaturated porous media. In unsaturated porous media, water film as well as disjoining pressure are introduced in the transport and freezing problems. In the modeling, it is found that, capillary layer along with pore water dominate the transport at high saturation degree (Sr>10%). However, water film will play a significant role in transport at low saturation degree (Sr<10%), and the diffusion coefficient will be lower than 3 to 4 orders of magnitude than that at higher saturation degree. A micromechanical model of freezing in unsaturated porous media is established. Micromechanical model of freezing is more physical based in nature. That is because different from poromechanical model of freezing media in which ice crystal pressure is introduced, the disjoining pressure of unfrozen water film instead of ice crystal pressure is introduced in the micromechanical model of freezing
Stitou, Driss. "Transformation, Conversion, Stockage, Transport de l'énergie thermique par procédés thermochimiques et thermo-hydrauliques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Perpignan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841655.
Full textAlmeras, Xavier. "Optimisation de la tenue au feu d'une formulation intumescente du polypropylène pour applications dans les transports terrestres." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-159.pdf.
Full textUbertini, Martin. "Déterminisme de la remise en suspension des diatomées benthiques au travers du couplage benthos-pelagos." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2056.
Full textLa remise en suspension du microphytobenthos est un processus clé du couplage benthos-pelagos dans de nombreux écosystèmes marins côtiers. Si les facteurs physiques comme l’hydrodynamisme ou le vent participent largement à cette remise en suspension, la macrofaune benthique joue également un rôle primordial par les processus de bioturbation. De plus, les diatomées benthiques, constituant la communauté la plus importante du microphytobenthos, sont capables de modifier leur propre remise en suspension par l’excrétion de substances exopolymériques limitant l’érosion du sédiment. La complexité de la remise en suspension réside donc dans la multiplicité des variables physiques, chimiques et biologiques associées. L’objectif de cette étude était donc de mieux comprendre la remise en suspension des diatomées benthiques à l’échelle de l’écosystème, par l’étude du couplage benthos-pelagos au niveau de deux écosystèmes côtiers contrastés comme à l’échelle des processus impliqués par l’étude de la remise en suspension en érodimètre. La remise en suspension joue un rôle primordial dans les écosystèmes estuariens et modifie l’équilibre des systèmes de façon saisonnière. Les caractéristiques sédimentaires des écosystèmes conditionnent la remise en suspension par l’interaction de l’état physiologique du biofilm et de la structure des mélanges sablo-vaseux. La présence de faune rajoute un degré d’interaction, à l’exemple de la coque Cerastoderma edule qui se révèle être un acteur majeur du couplage benthos-pelagos
Zhou, Lu. "Numerical modelling of scour in steady flows." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC015/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the development of a numerical model for local scour caused by bed-mounted obstacles, combining the hydrodynamic and morphological processes. The basis of the numerical model is the multiphase flow field solver in the open-source CFD toolbox OpenFOAMR which is released by OpenCFD Ltd. The hydrodynamic module of the model solves the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with either a k-ε or a k-ω model. There are two interfaces in the simulation domain: the free surface between water and air, which is tracked using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, and the interface between the water and the sediment, which is represented by a finite area mesh constructed from the bottom boundary of the finite volume mesh. A morphological module which has been developed as part of the project consists of three components: a sediment transport model which includes suspended load and bed load transport; the Exner equation to compute the bed deformation, and a sand-sliding mechanism to restrict the bed slope angle to be smaller than the angle of repose. The morphological changes are incorporated into the hydrodynamic field through deformation of the computational mesh. Additional boundary conditions and parallel computing corrections are also added into the model. Each individual part of the model has been validated separately with corresponding preliminary test cases including the rough wall functions, the performance of the VOF method, the suspended load transport model and the sand-sliding mechanism. The numerical model is then applied to study two-dimensional scour caused by a submerged jet issuing from an opening under sluice gate. Comparison of the simulation results with the experimental measurements proves the ability of the model for conducting two-dimensional simulations and the limitations of the model are also discussed. Finally, the model is applied to study the three-dimensional flow field and scour formation around an obstacle in flow. Initially, the bed deformation is not activated in the model. The horseshoe vortex formed in front of an obstacle in water and the turbulent flow field around a cylinder on smooth and rough beds are simulated. Two types of simulations for the hydrodynamic module are used: a rigid lid simulation with a slip boundary condition to represent the air-water interface, and a free surface simulation including both the water and air domains with the free surface tracked by the VOF method. The influences of the variation of the water depth on the flow field are identified and discussed. Comparison with the experimental data also confirms the importance of the water surface variation on the flow field. Next, the bed is allowed to deform in the model. The temporal development of three-dimensional scour around a cylinder on live-bed in a steady current is simulated. The development of the scour with time and the computed maximum scour depths in front of and behind the cylinder agree quite well with the experimental measurements. The influences of the scour process on the flow field are also studied and the performance of the numerical model is discussed
Orgogozo, Laurent. "Transport de soluté biologiquement actif en milieu poreux incluant une phase biofilm : de la modélisation numérique aux perspectives expérimentales." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL091N/document.
Full textModeling transport in porous media of organic chemical solute in presence of a bacterial population growing as biofilms is an important area of research for environmental applications, for example for remediation of groundwater contaminated by organic pollutants (biosparging, bio-barriers …). Biofilms, which are composed of bacteria and extracellular organic substances, grow on the pore walls of the porous medium. Bacteria degrade the organic solute by their metabolism and thus may contribute to pollution decrease. Bio-reactive transport of an organic solute in a porous medium including a biofilm phase is a strongly multi-scale (from the bacteria scale to the heterogeneity scale of the aquifer) and coupled (involving hydrodynamic, physicochemical and biochemical phenomena) process. The organic solute is transported by convection and diffusion in the fluid phase and diffuses into the biofilm phase, where it is degraded by bacterial metabolism. The goal of this work is to develop macroscopic models of bio-reactive transport at the Darcy-scale through volume averaging based on the data available at pore-scale. In the general case, the macroscopic system obtained by averaging pore-scale equations is a two coupled equations system (one equation for each phase), called two-equation model. By considering the relation between averaged concentration in the fluid phase and averaged concentration in the biofilm phase, several regimes of transport can be found which allow simplifying this system into a one equation system. The local mass equilibrium assumption leads to such a simplified model. When an equilibrium relationship between phases cannot be considered, a one equation model may though be developed if the biodegration rate is limited by external mass transfer or by the kinetics of bacterial metabolism. The use of these models implies the numerical solving of closure problems, in order to set up the values of the macroscopic transport parameters (dispersion tensor, interfacial flux …). Computations of these effective coefficients have been performed in different situations of mass transport in porous medium in order to study their behaviour. The results of these models have then been compared with direct simulations performed on a simplified geometry representative of a two-dimensional porous medium including a biofilm phase. Based on these comparisons, the validity domain of this model has been identified in terms of hydrodynamic and biochemical conditions of transport (i.e. the Péclet number and the Damköhler number). The set up of an experimental model of transport in a porous media including a biofilm phase has also been started, in order to make experimental validations of the previously developed numerical models and to build up an additional tool to study the considered phenomena
Devaux, Yann. "Influence des caractéristiques turbulentes d'un écoulement sur l'érosion, la déformation et le transport d'un lit sédimentaire." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2315/document.
Full textThis research work presents an experimental study on the influence of a vortex flow over a sediment bed. The experiments are conducted in a free-surface water channel in the Pprime Institute. Two specific apparatuses, generating isolated vortices of vertical or horizontal axis, were designed during this project. This study focuses on the vertical device. A parametric study is performed with optical measurements (PIV, stereoscopic PIV), in particular with two conditions for the wall roughness. Some behaviour laws are thus established. The characterization of those swirling flows depicts a strong three-dimensional effect, as well as the presence of specific turbulent structures related to sediment transport phenomenon. The secondary section of this work focuses on the sediment suspension caused by a vertical vortex. Turbulent structures related to transport are studied, like the sediment plume behaviour. Reconstruction of the bed over a long period of time, using a stereo-correlation method, highlights scour and accretion regions, induced by the isolated vortex. Finally, a numerical study based on OpenFOAM is proposed. The suggested methodology reproduces the observed fluid and sediment behaviours. Validation of this numerical tool could bring some new study parameters, providing an in-depth comprehension on the quantity of mobilized sediments
Saint-Guillain, Michael. "Models and algorithms for online stochastic vehicle routing problems." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI068.
Full textWhat will be tomorrow's big cities objectives and challenges? Most of the operational problems from the real world are inherently subject to uncertainty, requiring the decision system to compute new decisions dynamically, as random events occur. In this thesis, we aim at tackling an important growing problem in urban context: online dynamic vehicle routing. Applications of online vehicle routing in the society are manyfold, from intelligent on demand public transportation to sameday delivery services and responsive home healthcare. Given a fleet of vehicles and a set of customers, each being potentially able to request a service at any moment, the current thesis aims at answering the following question. Provided the current state at some moment of the day, which are the best vehicle actions such that the expected number of satisfied requests is maximized by the end of the operational day? How can we minimize the expected average intervention delays of our mobile units? Naturally, most of the requests remain unknown until they appear, hence being revealed online. We assume a stochastic knowledge on each operational problem we tackle, such as the probability that customer request arise at a given location and a given time of the day. By using techniques from operations research and stochastic programming, we are able to build and solve mathematical models that compute near-optimal anticipative actions, such as preventive vehicle relocations, in order to either minimize the overall expected costs or maximize the quality of service. Optimization under uncertainty is definitely not a recent issue. Thanks to evolution of both theoretical and technological tools, our ability to face the unknown constantly grows. However, most of the interesting problems remain extremely hard, if not impossible, to solve. There is still a lot of work. Generally speaking, this thesis explores some fundamentals of optimization under uncertainty. By integrating a stochastic component into the models to be optimized, we will see how it is in fact possible to create anticipation
Perret, Emeline. "Transport of moderately sorted gravels at low bed shear stress : impact of bed arrangement and fine sediment infiltration." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1223/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims to understand gravel dynamics in Alpine rivers at low bed shear stress using laboratory experiments. Alpine river beds are often poorly sorted and composed of sediments ranging from clay to pebble. To understand interactions between these classes is an issue for predicting bedload rate. Laboratory experiments were performed in a 18m long and 1m wide flume, under unsteady flows. Two types of bed were investigated: unimodal and bimodal beds. A particular attention was paid to the bed construction, which was conducted in order to obtain a nature-like bed 12with different bed arrangements and degrees of clogging. Unimodal beds were made of moderately sorted gravels with different bed surface arrangements. Bimodal beds were made of moderately sorted gravels in which fine sediments (sand or silt) were infiltrated. Gravel rate was found to be impacted by the bed arrangement degree, the fine sediment concentration within the bedload layer and the changes in bed properties due to fine sediment presence (bed cohesion, bed permeability). The more packed the bed is; the more difficult it is to move gravels. The more concentrated in fine sediment the bedload layer is; the easier the transport of gravels is. The shape of fine sediments can also be an important factor for modifying the gravel rate. The presence of cohesive fine sediments within the bed matrix reduces significantly the gravel rate. A conceptual model was developed to recap the different processes controlling gravel transport. It provides a phenomenological description of the overall bed responses to a hydrograph. This tool is designed to help understanding, estimating or interpreting gravel transport in Alpine rivers. The conceptual model was discussed and applied to a field case made on the Arc River. Using the model, we also suggest a new dimensionless analysis for the construction of a bedload predicting model involving parameters describing bed arrangement, bed properties and fine sediment presence
Cabaud, Clément. "Sorption et transport réactif d'ions dans des monolithes de silice fonctionnalisés aux hexacyanoferrates pour le traitement d'effluents radioactifs." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM034/document.
Full textThe nuclear industry produces high amounts of contaminated water from various sources that require specific treatments depending on their chemical composition. Cesium-137 and strontium-90 are among the most abundant radionuclides in those effluents, which have to be removed as efficiently as possible in order to generate the lowest amount of waste. The column process is one of the most suitable processes to achieve this solid-phase extraction. Its principle is based on the sorption capacity of the radionuclide by copper hexacyanoferrates (HCF), highly cesium-selective mineral ion-exchangers. Investigations on HCF pointed out the structural effects of the cesium insertion within the crystal, which were linked to the high affinity of HCF for this ion. The functionalization of HCF on silica monolith with hierarchical pore structure was carried out in order to benefit the remarkable properties of these supports used as a column. Sorption kinetics evaluated down to trace concentrations have shown a fast capture of the cesium, which proves the interest of this material for a column process purpose. In addition, the performances of functionalized silica monolith have been highlighted in comparison with those made of particulate fixed beds. Finally, those materials were implemented for a simultaneous decontamination of cesium and strontium by a double extraction mechanism of ion exchange and coprecipitation of barium sulfate, allowed by the high permeability of the monolith. A simplified model of reactive transport was built with the HYTEC code, based on the actual morphology of the monolith. To do so, a dispersive flow in the macroporous intraskeletal channels and a diffusive flow inside the walls of the structure and the HCF aggregates were assumed
Benmezroua, Boumediene. "Etude numérique et expérimentale, à l'échelle microstructurelle, du transport granulaire dans les matériaux poreux saturés." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790188.
Full textLes études numérique et expérimentale de la filtration dans un milieu poreux bidimensionnel montrent l'influence des particules sur le champ de vitesse du fluide qui se met à son tour en mouvement et accélère la filtration. L'étude des interactions particules-fluide par l'approche couplée DEM-CFD (Distinct Element Method-Computational Fluid Dynamics) a abouti à proposer une formulation de la traînée en fonction de la porosité du milieu poreux. Le couplage avec la loi de Darcy conduit à une relation pratique qui prédit la perméabilité en fonction de la porosité. L'étude est étendue à la filtration de particules solides dans un milieu poreux constitué d'un empilement désordonné de sphères dans lequel un fluide s'écoule en permanence. L'analyse à l'échelle des grains montre des zones de colmatage qui se développent dans le milieu poreux. L'étendue du colmatage est analysée en fonction de combinaisons des forces prédominantes que sont les forces de gravité et de viscosité. Des courbes de distribution des particules selon la profondeur sont trouvées.
Bahloul, Khaled. "Optimisation combinée des coûts de transport et de stockage dans un réseau logistique dyadique, multi-produits avec demande probabiliste." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695275.
Full textGref, Ruxandra. "Fractionnement par pervaporation de mélanges liquides hydro-organiques partiellement miscibles : mise en évidence du rôle de la structure cristalline des membranes denses sur leurs propriétés de transport." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1991_GREF_R.pdf.
Full textWe have studied the pervaporation properties of different liquid mixtures presenting a miscibility gap. Depending on inner polymer interactions, we defined an “ideal” and a particular bahaviour, and we chose to focus on one membrane of each category : Cellulose Acetate (AC) and Poly(vinyl Alcohol) (PVA), among those widely used in industry. We show that AC swells the same way in both phases in thermodynamic equilibrium, whereas PVA does not. Concentration polarization is the only mean to specifically modify one of the partial fluxes. PVA is a typical semicrystalline polymer, whose structure governs the proportions of the three possible states of soaked water. After a review of the properties ruled by the amount of crystallites in the polymer, we have build a qualitative model devoted to the permeation and swelling properties in two phases in a steady thermodynamic state. We then came to a quantitative model of the pervaporation process using PVA membranes. The result of this study is the fact that soacked water of an absorbent polymer defines its behavior when used as a membrane to pervaporate a hydro-organic mixture
Dehaye, Benjamin. "Accélération de la convergence dans le code de transport de particules Monte-Carlo TRIPOLI-4® en criticité." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112332/document.
Full textFields such as criticality studies need to compute some values of interest in neutron physics. Two kind of codes may be used : deterministic ones and stochastic ones. The stochastic codes do not require approximation and are thus more exact. However, they may require a lot of time to converge with a sufficient precision.The work carried out during this thesis aims to build an efficient acceleration strategy in the TRIPOLI-4®. We wish to implement the zero variance game. To do so, the method requires to compute the adjoint flux. The originality of this work is to directly compute the adjoint flux directly from a Monte-Carlo simulation without using external codes thanks to the fission matrix method. This adjoint flux is then used as an importance map to bias the simulation
Fayolle, Thomas. "Combinaison de méthodes formelles pour la spécification de systèmes industriels." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1078/document.
Full textSpecifying industrial systems requires collaboration between an engineer that knows how the system works and an engineer that know the specification language. Graphical specification languages can help this collaboration. In this PhD Thesis a method is defined that combines ASTD (Algebraic State Transition Diagram), a formal graphical notation, with B and Event-B langagues. The ordering of actions is specified using ASTD and the data model is specified using Event-B. B specification is used to verify the consistency of the model : Event-B events have to be executed when the corresponding transitions have to be executed. A combined refinement allows to incrementaly design the system
Ficheur, Alban. "Expérimentation de techniques de mitigation des effets de la fonte du Pergelisol sur les infrastructures de transport du Nunavik : Aéroport de Tasiujaq." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28205/28205.pdf.
Full textAudy, Jean-François. "Inter-firm collaboration in transportation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29638/29638.pdf.
Full textIn the academic and professional literature on freight transportation, computer-based planning methods have a long time ago been identified as a means to achieve cost reduction through enhanced transportation operations efficiency. More recently, inter-firm collaboration in transportation planning has been investigated as a means to provide further gains in efficiency and, in turn, to achieve additional cost reduction for the collaborators. However, implementation of inter-firm collaboration in transportation raises a number of issues. This thesis addresses three central themes in inter-firm collaboration and exemplifies the contributions in case studies involving collaboration in furniture and forest transportation. First, technological means to enable collaboration in transportation planning are studied. Embedding a computer-based planning method for truck routing, a decision support system enabling collaborative transportation is presented. Second, sharing the common transportation cost among collaborators is studied. A cost allocation method taking into account the impact – an increase of the transportation cost – of uneven requirements among collaborators is proposed. Third, building collaborating groups (i.e. coalitions) among a set of potential collaborators is studied. A network model for coalition formation by a subset of self-interested collaborators adopting or not an opportunistic behaviour is detailed. Moreover, to support the study of the aforementioned themes, the thesis includes two literature reviews. First, a survey on planning methods and decision support systems for vehicle routing problem in forest transportation is presented. Second, through the proposition of a framework for building and managing collaboration in transportation and, more generally in logistics, a survey of works on collaborative transportation and logistics is given.
Van, Lan Anh. "Modélisation du transport de sédiments mixtes sable-vase et application à la morphodynamique de l'estuaire de la Gironde (France)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1165/document.
Full textThis study attempts to model sediment transport rates and the resulting bed evolution in a complex estuarine environment: the Gironde estuary, characterized by a high hetereogeneity in the sediment bed composition, with the presence of both cohesive and non-cohesive sediments and sand/mud mixtures. Our main objective is to extend an existing 2D morphodynamic model developped by Huybrechts et al (2012b) for non-cohesive sediments, to account for the presence of mud and to draw some preliminary step for a fully mixte sediment morphodynamic model. Our framework is the finite element Telemac system (release 6.1), where the two-dimensional (depth averaged) approach has been selected for large scale and medium term simulations.The first part of this work is devoted to the understanding of sedimentation-consolidation processes for pure mud, combining laboratory experiments and 1D vertical models. Cohesive processes are then integrated in the 2D (depth-averaged) large scale morphodynamic model of the Gironde estuary developed by Huybrechts et al. (2012b). Erosion/deposition experiments were performed at the RWTH laboratory (University of Aachen, Germany) to calibrate the erosion and deposition law parameters. Moreover, the effect of consolidation is taken into account through the implementation of a 1DV Gibson-based sedimentation-consolidation model (Thiebot et al., 2011) using analytical closure equations for permeability and effective stress. Special attention is paid to the initialisation of the bed structure. Comparisons between measurements and model results are achieved on both suspended sediment concentration records and on medium term (5-year) bed evolutions.In the second part, a new 1DV model for the hindered settling of sand-mud mixtures has been developed based on the background of non-cohesive bi-disperse models. The numerical solution has been constructed by considering a high-order of accuracy in space via a Weighted Essentially Non Oscillatory (WENO) reconstruction technique and in time via a local space-time Discontinuous Galerkin (DG).The model is then validated against a large range of experimental data (mono-disperse sand, mud, non-cohesive bi-disperse and non-cohesive/cohesive mixture)
Moussiliou, Coles Moudjib. "Collaboration et partage de coûts dans un réseau d'entreprises." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25903/25903.pdf.
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