Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport électronique moléculaire'
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Krzeminski, Christophe. "Structure électronique et transport dans une jonction moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600434.
Full textHeim, Thomas. "Transport électronique dans l'ADN." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003954.
Full textZazunov, A. "Phénomènes cohérents dans le transport électronique à travers un conducteur moléculaire." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175417.
Full textL'emphase à été mise sur la détection des signatures les plus marquantes du transport cohérent à travers les molécules, ainsi que sur la compréhension des problèmes de corrélations (problème à N corps) sur la dynamique de ces systèmes, provenant des degrés de liberté internes (vibrations, spin,...) du conducteur et affectant le passage du courant.
En ce qui concerne le transport dans le régime normal à travers une molécule qui vibre (un nanotube de carbone suspendu par ses extrémités), nous avons procédé à une étude détaillée de la conductance différentielle négative (CDN) qui est observée dans ces dispositifs. En supposant des contacts tunnel, tel que les électrons qui s'échappent dans les bornes effectivement perdent leur cohérence de phase (c'est-à-dire à haute température),
nous avons dérivé les équations cinétiques dans lesquelles la nature quantique de l'interaction électron-phonon au sein du point quantique moléculaire est prise en compte sans approximations (formation de polaron sur le point quantique moléculaire). Le fait que la conductance différentielle soit positive ou négative dépend de la position du niveau polaronique et de l'occupation des pics satellites associés au nombre d'occupation des phonons, qui sont compris entre la tension de source et de drain des électrodes. La CDN
apparaît lorsque deux de ces pics satellites entrent en compétition dans le transport, et constitue une signature des effets hors équilibres associés au vibrations de la molécule. Nous avons clairement montré que pour des couplages tunnels asymétriques (situation qui correspond à la géométrie des expériences sur le domaine), on observe un CDN pour un vaste domaine de paramètres. Nous avons également exploré les effets de navette électronique, ou
le déplacement de la molécule entre en compte dans l'Hamiltonien tunnel, qui peuvent être détectés en regardant l'asymétrie des courbes courant tension. Bien que le mécanisme de navette tend à renforcer la CDN, il n'est toutefois pas suffisant pour y donner lieu sans hypothèses sur la valeur relative des couplages tunnels.
Nous avons également étudié le transport dans le régime normal à travers un point quantique moléculaire dans le cas d'un couplage fort aux contacts, mais loin du régime Kondo. En utilisant l'approche hors équilibre des fonctions de Green dans la représentation du polaron, nous sommes allés au delà du régime perturbatif pour calculer la caractéristique courant tension dans le régime de couplage électron-phonon intermédiaire. Nous avons montré qu'en accroissant le couplage tunnel au contacts, les corrélations associées au nuage de polaron deviennent très importantes à haute température, et donnent lieu à une réduction dramatique de l'élargissement des pics la densité d'états de la molécule. Nous proposons une détection de ces phénomènes par la mesure de la conductance différentielle, tout en variant la température locale de la molécule (nanotube de carbone). On note qu' en présence d'un environnement dissipatif les pic satellites dus aux phonons devraient acquérir un élargissement additionnel. L'inclusion des effets d'amortissement des modes phononiques constituerait une extension de ce travail.
Dans cette thèse, nous avons également abordé le problème du transport cohérent en présence de phonons, dans un système moléculaire connecté à des contacts supraconducteurs. Nous avons calculé le courant DC (partie du courant stationnaire) pour toutes les valeurs de la tension à l'aide de l'approche des fonctions de Green Keldysh, pour une fréquence de vibration arbitraire, mais dans le régime du couplage faible électron-phonon. Nos principaux résultats sont les suivants : i) dans le régime sous le gap $eV<\Delta$, les processus de réflexions multiples d'Andreev (MAR) sont accompagnés de processus d'émission/absorption de phonons et donne lieu à une structure très riche près des valeurs de tension ou le nombre
de réflexions d'Andreev changent d'une unité (ces tensions sont appelées les « MAR onsets »). On observe alors un effet pair impair ou le courant est augmenté/diminué suivant la transition de « MAR onset » (entre pair/impair et vice versa). Ces phénomènes trouvent un interprétation physique en comparant avec la théorie de la diffusion de Buttiker-Landauer, adaptée au contacts supraconducteurs, une théorie connue sous le nom d' « échelle de MAR ». A l'équilibre $V=0$, nous avons obtenu des résultats analytiques pour le courant Josephson dans la limite adiabatique ou la fréquence de vibration est faible comparée au gap supraconducteur, qui est interprétée en terme des états liés d'Andreev avec une transparence aux contacts renormalisée par les phonons. Pour le futur, une extension de cette théorie au calcul du bruit (fonction de corrélation courant-courant) est envisagée. Le bruit peut en effet procurer une information supplémentaire sur la charge transmise à travers la jonction, et il serait intéressant d'étudier l'effet des phonons dans ce cadre.
Nous avons également considéré le cas des contacts supraconducteurs, mais cette fois pour les interactions fortes, et uniquement à l'équilibre ou le courant Josephson dépend de la différence de phase entre les deux supraconducteurs. Cette fois on s'intéresse à un diagnostique sur l'état des phonons sur le point quantique moléculaire. Nous trouvons que pour le régime de faible couplage tunnel, des états non-classiques de type « chat de Schrodinger » (une superposition d'états cohérents opposés) sont associés aux états du courant et donc aux liés d'Andreev dans la jonction. Ces états non classiques peuvent être
explicités en procédant à une mesure projective du courant. Pour des contacts transparents, nous avons montré que l'effet Josephson génère des fluctuations de phonon cohérentes, et induit des états quantiques « comprimés » de phonon, analogues aux états « comprimés » de photons en optique quantique : l'impulsion canoniquement conjuguée à la distorsion de la molécule possède des fluctuations inférieures a la valeur minimale habituelle de fluctuations du point zéro. La compression d'états de phonons s'observe pour une grande plage de paramètres : elle est contrôlée par la différence de phase et devient maximale près de la transition de polaron. La détection expérimentale de tels états comprimés pourrait être effectuée en nanoélectronique à l'aide de nanotubes suspendus. Il faudrait recourir à un diagnostique optique tel que l'effet Raman résonant, pour démonter l'existence de ces états de phonons non-classiques.
Une autre manière d'explorer les phénomènes cohérents dans le cadre du transport Josephson
est d'étudier les situations ou les degrés de liberté de spin des électrons du point quantique moléculaire et des électrodes sont importants. Nous avons donc calculé le courant Josephson
à travers un point quantique moléculaire doté d'un grand spin, qui possède une interaction d'échange avec l'électron du point quantique. Ce couplage d'échange peut donner lieu à une transition à l'état pi de la jonction (relation courant phase opposée par rapport a une jonction normale, de phase 0). La contribution relative du courant provenant des états liés d'Andreev
et du continuum détermine si la jonction est dans l'état 0 ou l'état pi. Un débouché possible de cette étude est d'étudier les effets de décohérence, et de rétroaction du supercourant sur la dynamique du spin moléculaire.
Dans un autre contexte, les effets de spin associé au courant Josephson ont été étudiés pour un point quantique possédant plusieurs nivaux, et sujet à l'interaction spin orbite Rashba et Dresselhaus. Pour un point quantique ne possédant qu'un seul niveau les effet du couplage spin orbite sont inexistants en l'absence d'un champ magnétique externe. En présence de ce dernier, le courant de ce point quantique possède des oscillations de type Datta Das en fonction du paramètre de couplage spin orbite multiplié par la longueur du point quantique.
Ces oscillations ont une amplitude de quelques dixièmes du courant nominal Josephson, et pourraient donc être observées expérimentalement. Le cas d'un point quantique possédant plusieurs niveaux est plus intéressant. Pour un point quantique à deux niveaux en particulier,
Le courant possède une dépendance sur le couplage spin orbite même en l'absence de champ magnétique. Le supercourant possède des maxima et des minima marqués pour certaines valeurs de ce couplage. Leur observation constituerait une première évidence du fonctionnement d'un transistor à effet spin orbite dont les bornes sont supraconductrices.
Dans le futur il serait intéressant d'inclure les interactions Coulombiennes sur le dot.
Nous avons développé en parallèle une théorie pour modéliser un bit quantique basé sur les états liés d'Andreev : un dispositif constitué d'un SQUID (dispositif d'interférométrie supraconducteur) et d'un contact ponctuel supraconducteur, combinant donc un circuit macroscopique et microscopique. Le contact ponctuel – qui implique une transparence
elevée entre les contacts, peut être vu comme un point quantique qui contient deux états fermioniques localisés, à leur tout couplés à la dynamique de la phase supraconductrice
(un mode bosonique local). Nous avons étudié la décohérence de ce bit quantique d'Andreev, associée à un couplage des électrons des contacts avec des modes de phonons acoustiques. La nature fermionique des nivaux d'Andreev n'affecte pas le pilotage du bit quantique, mais elle joue un rôle important en ce qui concerne sa décohérence : la relaxation et le déphasage induit
suivent une loi de puissance dans le temps plutôt qu'une exponentielle. De plus, nous avons trouvé que le taux de transition entre les nivaux du bit quantique, induit par les transition phononiques est réduit de manière considérable comparé au taux de transition électron-phonon dans les contacts : l'étalement de la fonction d'onde de ses niveaux dans les contacts
réduit l'espace de phase disponible pour ces transitions assistées par les phonons.
Dans une étude séparée, nous nous sommes intéressé à la mesure du bruit à haute fréquence ainsi qu'a celle des moments supérieurs du courant, à l'aide d'un circuit résonant en présence de dissipation. Le circuit résonant est couplé à un circuit mésoscopique placé dans le régime cohérent. L'information sur les moments supérieurs du courant est codée dans les histogrammes de la charge du condensateur du circuit résonant. La dissipation est prise en compte par le modèle de Caldeira Leggett, et il est essentielle de l'inclure pour obtenir des fluctuations de charge (donc un bruit mesuré) finies. Nous identifions également quelle
Combinaison des corrélateurs de courant entrent dans l'expression du troisième moment mesuré. Ce dernier fait appel à la même susceptibilité généralisée que pour le bruit mesuré, mais elle ne diverge pas dans la limite d'un circuit non dissipatif. Les prédictions sur la mesure de ces quantités sont testées pour le cas du bruit émanant d'un contact ponctuel.
Barraud, Clément. "Spintronique moléculaire : rôle des interfaces dans le transport du spin." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066213.
Full textMouillet, Robert. "Nitrures semiconducteurs III-V : croissance, transport électronique et applications aux transistors." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011499.
Full textDatta, Subhadeep. "Propriétés de transport électronique de nanotubes de carbone remplis de particules magnétiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENY008.
Full textCarbon Nanotubes at low temperature behave as Quantum Dots for which charging processes become quantized, giving rise to Coulomb Blockade depending upon the coupling to the leads. Any small change in the electrostatic environment (tuned by the gate electrode) can induce shift of the stability diagram (so called Coulomb Diamonds) of the device, leading to conductivity variation of the Quantum Dot. A carbon nanotube can therefore be a very accurate electrometer. For example, if a magnetic system is electronically coupled to a nanotube, its electron conduction may be influenced by the spin state of the magnetic system (magneto- Coulomb effect). In this thesis, we report on the electrical transport measurements of such hybrid systems where a carbon nanotube is filled with magnetic nanoparticles such as Iron(Fe). We find that low-temperature (~40mK) current-voltage measurements of such devices can show a hysteretic behaviour in conductance with sharp jumps at certain magnetic fields. We explain the results in terms of the magneto-Coulomb effect where the spin flip of the iron island at non-zero magnetic field causes an effective charge variation in the Nanotube due to the Zeeman energy. Our studies are a step forward towards the study of the magnetic anisotropy of individual nanoparticles. We believe our findings have important implications for sensitive magnetic detectors to study the magnetization reversal of individual magnetic nanoparticle or molecule, even weakly coupled to a carbon nanotube
Mangin, Aurore. "Transport électronique dans des nanocassures pour la réalisation de transistors à molécule unique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00515127.
Full textAi, Yong. "Approach to control, protect and switch charge transport through molecular junctions and atomic contact." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC125/document.
Full textMolecular electronics has attracted increasing interest in the past decades. Constructing metal/molecules/metal junctions is a basic step towards the investigation of molecular electronics. We have witnessed significant development in both experiment and theory in molecular junctions. This thesis focuses mainly on the study of charge transport through molecular junctions. Conducting polymers and copper filaments were electrochemically deposited with a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) configuration between a tip and a substrate electrode. In doing so, we have developed a new way to fabricate atomic contact and molecular junctions, and we have explored the possibility to control, protect and switch these systems.Firstly, SECM, where two microelectrodes are located face-to-face separated by a micrometric gap, has been successfully used for the fabrication of redox-gated conducting polymers junctions, such as PEDOT and PBT. Highly stable and reversible redox-gated nano-junctions were obtained with conductance in the 10-7-10-8 S range in their conducting states. These results, associated with the wire-like growth of the polymer, suggest that the conductance of the entire junction in the conductive state is governed by less than 20 to 100 oligomers.Secondly, to obtain the nano-junctions in a controllable way, a break junction strategy combined with the SECM set up is adopted. A nano-junction could be acquired by pulling the tip away from its initial position. And conductance traces showed that PEDOT junctions can be broken step by step before complete breakdown. Similarly as STM-BJ conductance steps were observed on a PEDOT molecular junction before break down by using SECM-BJ. SECM break junction technique proved to be an efficient way of molecular junction fabrication studies, especially for redox gated polymer molecular junctions. Moreover, a self-terminated strategy is found to be another way to obtain nano-junctions. An external resistance connected to the electrode plays an important role in controlling the size of conducting polymer junctions.PFTQ and PFETQ molecular junctions exhibit well-defined ambipolar transport properties. However, an unbalanced charge transport properties in n- and p- channel for these two polymer junctions was observed when the junctions are in the fiber device scale. In contrast, when molecular junction changes into nano-junction, a balanced n- and p-channel transport property is acquired. We propose that such effect is due to charge transport mechanism changing from diffusive (ohm’s law) to ballistic (quantum theory) when the junction size is reduced from fiber devices to nanodevices.High stable Au NPs/ITO electrodes exhibit a well localized surface plasmon (LSP) behavior. These plasmonic substrates have been successfully used to trigger switching of molecular junctions under light irradiation, demonstrating that surface plasmon resonance can induce electrochemical reduction. Such conductance reduction can be attributed to the hot electrons plasmonically generated from gold nanoparticles trapped into the PEDOT junction, resulting in PEDOT being reduced and changed to an insulating state.Finally, copper metallic nanowires were generated using an electrochemical self-terminated method based on SECM configuration. The presence of a few atoms that control the electron transport highlights the formation of metallic nanowires between the asymmetric electrodes. Furthermore, a similar study was performed on mesoporous silica film on ITO used as a substrate electrode. The mesoporous silica films have vertically aligned channels with a diameter of about 3 nm and a thickness of 115 nm, which play a crucial role in protecting the copper filament
Robert, Gaël. "Les nanotubes de carbone comme électrodes pour l'électronique moléculaire : connexion et étude de couches auto-assemblées et de molécules uniques." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112235.
Full textConnecting a small number of molecules is an ongoing challenge in molecular electronics. During this thesis work, we have used carbon nanotubes as electrodes in two distinct configurations. In the first one, a single-walled metallic nanotube is used to build a nanometer-sized metal/self assembled monolayer/metal junction. The case of an insulating SAM is compared to the one of a σ-π-σ system. The characteristics obtained in the first case allow determining the insulating molecular barrier parameters. In the second one, we obtain structured electrical characteristics. For this system, we propose a model where the transport is modulated via the highest occupied molecular orbital. When a semiconducting nanotube is used, the proposed device geometry enables studying the behaviour o a nanotube transistor where the insulating SAM is used as an ultra-thin gate dielectric. The realized devices display excellent switching performances. We underline the major role of the SAM dipole on the transistor modulation properties. In the second configuration, we have studied and optimized a chemical synthesis to make a high number of single-molecule junctions in solution where the single molecule is connected through covalent bonds to carbon nanotubes. After deposition, we characterize a single molecule of ethylenediamine connected by two single-walled nanotubes
Fadjie, Djomkam Alain Bruno. "Étude des propriétés électroniques des monocouches moléculaires greffées sur des substrats nSi(111)." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S102.
Full textElectrical transport in ultrathin Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) tunnel junctions is analyzed using the temperature dependence of current voltage and admittance spectroscopy measurements applied to Hg // ML – n Si junctions. The coverage and thickness of molecular layers (-CnH2n+1, -C10H20-COOH) covalently bonded to Si(111), before and after capping with clusters (Se8Re6(TBP)4(OH)2, Mo6Br8F6), are deduced from XPS and ellipsometry. The I(V) characteristics are described using a new model for transport in ultrathin MIS junctions. We observe that functional groups (acid, clusters) modify the electronic structure of the junction and consequently the I(V) characteristics. In the low forward bias regime governed by thermionic emission, the observed linear T-dependence of the effective barrier height provides the thermionic emission barrier height and the tunnel barrier attenuation. In the high-forward-bias regime, the bias dependence of the tunnel barrier transparency is approximated by a modified Simmons model for a rectangular tunnel barrier. The density distribution of defects localized at the ML / Si interface is deduced from admittance data (low-high frequency method) and from a simulation of the response time τR(V) using a model for a non equilibrium tunnel junction. The low density of electrically active defects near mid-gap indicates a good passivation of dangling bonds at the ML / Si interface
Lebon, Florian. "Nano-composants à base de films minces organiques électrogreffés : Fabrication, caractérisation, étude du transport électronique et intégration." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS286/document.
Full textThe main objective of this PhD thesis is to show the potential for organic electronics of molecular thin films covalently bounded and formed by electrochemical grafting. These 5 to 100 nm thick layers aim to propose an alternative to organic thin films of thickness above 100 nm and to self-assembled monolayers of thickness between 1 and 5 nm.This work first establishes the optimal electrografting conditions of three diazonium salts : a derivative from the tris-bipyridine iron (II), a diazonium salt with a long fluorinated chain and another with a thiol function). In particular, a fine tuning of the thickness of the resulting layers is demonstrated on micrometric patterned electrodes.Double layer electrografting is then studied. It consists in using an electrode electrografted with electroactive molecules, here the tris-bipyridine iron (II) derivative, as a working electrode for the electrografting of a second diazonium salt. This technique allows the formation of organic double-layers of thickness controlled by the first layer and presenting terminal functions controlled by the choice of the second compound (here, thiol functions or fluorinated chains).The potential of these layers is then evaluated in vertical metal-molecules-metal junctions using various top electrodes : electrodes printed from an aqueous gold nanoparticle ink through a method developed in this thesis, and electrodes made by metal evaporation in vacuum. To conclude, field-effect transistors based on MoS2 using these electrografted thin layers as gate-dielectric are fabricated and studied. Their performances (electronic mobility of 46 cm2.(V.s)-1, ION/IOFF ratio of 9.107,etc.) confirm the quality of these organic electrografted insulators. The method is thus efficient and versatile for the preparation of robust organic layers with adjustable surface properties and thickness
Bessis, Charlotte. "Quantum interference and thermoelectric effects in molecular junctions." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC140/document.
Full textThis thesis reports the transport measurement performed on large scale solid state molecular junctions, highlighting quantum interference effect. First chapter set the theoretical basis of such a phenomenon and introduces the out of equilibrium green's functions formalism which is adapted to the description of coupling molecules/metallic interfaces. Second chapter presents the corresponding experimental state of the art and summarizes the experiments that have contributed to highlight interference effect at the molecular scale. Third chapter describes the fabrication steps optimized to build the devices measured during the thesis work. Experimental results obtained on conductance measurements are described and compared to several theoretical models that confirm the presence of quantum interference. Last chapter deals with thermoelectric effect that can occur in presence of interference
Caillard, Louis. "Grafted organic monolayer for single electron transport and for quantum dots solar cells." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066396/document.
Full textWe take advantage of the progresses made in the topic of silicon functionalization. Grafted organic monolayer (GOM) on oxide-free Si have been fabricated using hydrosilylation and characterized using FTIR and XPS. The obtained amine terminated GOM has been used to graft Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNP). They have been deposited and single electron transport measurements have been performed using STM under UHV: A double barrier tunneling junction (1: GOM; 2: vacuum between the scanning tip and the AuNP). This structure is known to exhibit single electron transport through Coulomb staircase phenomenon. Evidence for its occurrence and for its reproducibility was obtained at 30K. Experimental and simulated data were compared. The latter were acquired using a recently developed theoretical model that has been modified to model our system more accurately. Our goal is to develop an alternative technology to build single electron transistors that are compatible with current Si-based technology. Nanoquantum dots (NQDs) were also deposited on the GOM. Energy transfers through radiative and non-radiative mechanism between NQDs and substrate were observed on plane surface in recent work using photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. We show evidence of optimization of the PL count using GOM on silicon nanopillars and with successive grafting of NQDs to form multilayers. We also show evidence of directed energy transfer from NQDs to the silicon substrate using bilayers of NQDs with a size gradient. All these achievements can be combined for the fabrication of NQDs solar cells prototypes with an enhanced efficiency that could compete with existing technologies
Biard, Hugo. "Lecture d'un couple de qudits nucléaires avec un transistor moléculaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY006/document.
Full textThe realization of a quantum computer is one of the most ambitious and promising scientific objectives of the beginning of this century.The strength of quantum computing lies in its ability to use a superposition of states and the interferences between them to overcome the intrinsic limit of classical computers, which is the discrete description of the continuous physical phenomena. This would theoretically allow them to simplify and solve impossible problems for conventional computers.The first step in the realization of a quantum computer, is its basic block: the quantum-bit, or qubit. It is the quantum analogue of the classical bit, which stores information in the form of 0 or 1. In the quantum case, information is formed by the superposition of these two states, leading to an infinity of possibilities. If this step has been done many times by the community, using qubits of different natures, the coupling between several of them remains difficult and limited in number. Indeed, the quantum systems thus formed tend to lose their coherence; or said otherwise, to destroy itself.Among the many possibilities of existing qubit, I have used the nuclear spin. They have the advantage of being relatively well decoupled from their environment, which makes it possible to protect them from external sources of decoherence, and thus to have a longer lifetime than electronic spins.This advantage has a price: it is more difficult to access their reading.To do this, I have made a molecular transistor to connect a single molecule possessing two magnetic centers, the Tb2Pc3, to the source and drain electrodes. The monomolecular magnet used has two magnetic centers (the Tb3 + ions), whose electronic spins J = 6, are coupled to each other via a dipolar interaction. In addition, each of them is coupled to its nuclear spin I = 3/2 via the hyperfine interaction. We thus have a pair of two qudits (d = 4), which brings the size of the Hilbert space to 16, and this inside a single molecule.At first, I have developed the Zeeman diagram of the molecule, which is its energy response to an external magnetic field. Then, I detail the manufacture of the samples, and in particular the use of the electromigration technique. Next, I present the electrical transport measurements, at very low temperatures (milliKelvins) and under a magnetic field, which make it possible to detect the reversal of the electronic spins, which position is dependent on the state of the pair of nuclear spins: it is how the reading of the states of qudits couple is performed.A study of the dynamics of the system is then carried out by correlation measurements among the position of the reversals of the electronic spins between two consecutive scans. This gives a better visualization of the states of the system, but also its relaxation.Finally, I was able to extract its effective temperature, using a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. Of the order of 300 mT, it is consistent with the literature, as well as with those extracted on two other molecular transistors obtained at other times of my thesis.In summary, this thesis shows for the first time the use of a single-molecule transistor to access reading of a qudits couple. The large number of existing molecules, and the large number of qubits or qudits that could be coupled inside one of them, makes molecular spintronics a very promising way for possible future molecular quantum computers.The next step will be to operate the coherent manipulation of such a system, in particular via the use of the Stark effect, as it has already been done using a molecule having only a magnetic center
Salhani, Chloé. "Exploring thermoelectricity and electronic transport of molecular layers." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7013.
Full textProgress in material science over the past half-century has been engaged in a constant race towards miniaturization. At the scales where quantum effects dominate the physics at play, molecular electronics has been considered a promising field of study, proposing to exploit quantum physics to achieve the desired functionality of a molecular device. In this thesis, I investigate electronic and thermoelectric properties of large-area solid-state molecular junctions, devices constructed of robust and covalently-grafted molecular layers formed by multiple molecular chains containing several molecular units in series contacted between metallic electrodes. A first part of this thesis concerns the investigation of inelastic el-ph interactions in layers of anthraquinone (AQ). The AQ molecule exhibits quantum interference (QI) effects, causing an extinction of the transmission function (and thus the conductance) near the zero-bias point and thus enhancing the visibility of inelastic effects (el-ph interactions). IETS spectroscopy is performed on these layers and allows to identify known vibrational modes of the AQ molecule. A second part of this work investigates the thermoelectric properties of similar molecular layers (using AQ, BTB and NB molecules). Engineering challenges are met with the development of a new sample geometry using an AuGe thin-film alloy as a heater-thermometer element, to enable establishing a controlled temperature gradient across the thickness of the molecular layer (~15nm). Finally, I explore the presence of a thermoelectric potential developed across the molecular layer. A third and final part of this thesis explores a new geometry for large area molecular junctions. Instead of a bottom-up approach, nanotrenches are used to fabricate in-plane molecular junctions in a geometry designed to allow gate integration at a later stage. I present the fabrication of these nanotrenches using a shadow-edge mask method, and their characterization before and after molecular grafting. AQ-grafted nanotrenches reveal typical transport signatures of molecular junctions that are compared to the behavior of the more standard planar fabrication
Vérot, Martin. "Phénomènes de transport : contribution de l'approche ab initio et applications." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866347.
Full textColin, Claire. "Coexistence de phase dans le composé moléculaire quasi-unidimensionnel (TMTSF)2ReO4." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011958.
Full textLeoni, Thomas. "Contribution à l'étude des contacts atomiques et moléculaires ponctuels." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412904.
Full textZoubkoff, Rémi. "Mécanismes de formation et propriétés électroniques de fils de section atomique d'Au et de Pt." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22018/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study the formation mechanisms and the electronic transport propertiesof Au and Pt atomic wires. We have used a Tight Binding Hamiltonian giving access to theelectronic structure and to the total energy. By performing traction simulations of cristallinenanowires by Molecular Dynamics we observe the formation of structures similar to nanotubeswhose chirality evolve during the deformation. Following the traction process we observe theformation of planar structures (or ribbons) for both Au and Pt. These ribbons give rise to theformation of wires of atomic section for Au but not for Pt, the different behavior is related withthe different elastic properties of the two elements. Our preliminary results on the electronictransport properties show interference effects induced by the geometry which can cancel out theconductance
Lambert, Mathieu. "Etude des propriétés électroniques de molécules organiques au sein d'une jonction métal-molécule-métal." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112139.
Full textThis ph-d thesis is about electronic transport through organic molecules inserted in a metal-molecule-metal junction. We describe first a simple process to prepare sub-3 nm gaps by controllable breakage (under an electrical stress) of gold wires lithographed on a sio2/si substrate at low temperature (4. 2 k). We show that the involved mechanism is thermally assisted electromigration. We observe that current-voltage (i-v) characteristics of resulting electrodes are stable up to ~5 v, which gives access to the well-known fowler-nordheim regime in the i-v, allowing an accurate characterisation of the gap size. The average gap is found to be between 1. 5 nm in width and 2. 5 ev in height. Molecules and nanoparticules have then been inserted in the junction. In the case of nanoparticules for example, the resulting i-v clearly shows the suppression of electrical current at low bias, known as coulomb blockade, characteristic of single-electron tunnelling through nanometer-sized structures. Finally we fabricated a single-electron tunneling device based on au nanoparticles connected to the electrodes via terthiophene (t3) molecule. We use the silicon substrate, separated from the planar structure by a silicon oxide of 200 nm, as an electrostatic gate and observed clear current modulation with possible signature of the transport properties of the terthiophene molecules
Urdampilleta, Matias. "Spintronique moléculaire de la vanne de spin à la détection d'un spin unique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770488.
Full textMasillamani, Appan Merari. "Propriétés électriques des nanostructures π-conjugués." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836614.
Full textFAURE-VINCENT, Jerome. "Transport tunnel polarisé en spin dans dans le système épitaxié Fe/MgO/Fe : Interactions magnétiques et Symétries électroniques." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007598.
Full textSchönle, Joachim. "Quantum transport studies for spintronics implementation : from supramolecular carbon nanotube systems to topological crystalline insulator." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY022/document.
Full textMolecular electronics is one of the most intriguing fields of modern research, which could bring forth a modular and scalable building system for nanoscale spintronics applications. A particularly promising example are single-molecule magnets, which have already successfully shown to be suitable for spin valve or spin qubit operations. One of the biggest challenges of the field is the integration of these nanometer-sized objects in complex circuits in order to allow for detection and manipulation of moleculear spin states. As shown in recent years by the NanoSpin group, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can serve as such type of carrier for the single-molecule magnets, combining features of both constituents.A corner stone of this thesis project was hence the development of a dependable fabrication technique for high-quality CNT devices, controllable by multiple local gate electrodes in order to enable local control of molecular hybrid systems. A process based on conventional one-chip fabrication was developed from scratch, for which optimization of sample design, lithography and deposition techniques as well as material choices had to be carefully incorporated, in order to accomodate the restrictions imposed by the CNT growth conditions on the prevention of leakage currents. We succeeded in producing clean CNT devices, which could support a double dot configuration, tunable from p- to n-type characteristics. The segments created in this way can be stabily controlled over the entire device length and should hence provide a suitable backbone to study molecular physics.Topological matter constitutes an enticing platform to investigate both fundamental principles as well as possible applications from spintronics to quantum computation. Topological crystalline insulators, with tin telluride ( SnTe ) as a prime example, represent a new state of matter within this zoo of 3D topological materials. Soon after first experimental realizations, suggestions were made about the possibility of an unconventional type of superconductivity hosted at the interface between topological matter and conventional superconductors. Possible implications of such systems include Cooper pairing with finite momentum, the FFLO phase, or topological quantum computing, based on peculiar excitations, called Majorana bound states.This thesis project aimed to participate in the investigation of signs of unconventional superconductivity in SnTe . Transport experiments on bare films in Hall bar geometries and superconducting hybrid devices, realized as both Josephson junctions and SQUIDs, are discussed. A surprisingly strong coupling of SnTe to Ta superconductor was found and dependencies of superconductivity on sample geometries, temperature and magnetic field were investigated. The current-phase relation was analyzed in the limit of strong kinetic effects. Electrostatic gating and rf exposure was explored, but predominant physics in such configurations turned out to be of purely conventional type, pointing out the importance of improvements on the material side.In-plane magnetic field measurements gave rise to the manifestation of ϕ0-SQUIDs with tunable 0−π-transitions, providing evidence for possible controlled transitions from trivial superconductivity to unconventional coupling regimes in SnTe
Dubois, Mathieu. "Simulations de microscopie à effet tunnel : application à la surface (100) du silicium et aux molécules physisorbées." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-159.pdf.
Full textDans un premier temps, ce modèle sera mis en application à l'étude des différentes reconstructions de la surface (100) du silicium. Les résultats théoriques reproduisent relativement bien les données expérimentales obtenues à 5\,K et permettent de comprendre la dépendance en tensions des images et de conclure que la surface est toujours semi-conductrice à basse température. Ces résultats mettent également en avant l'importance des interactions pointe-surface. Dans un deuxième temps, le modèle est utilisé pour étudier une classe de molécules, les thiénylènevinylènes, physisorbées sur la surface (100) du silicium. Nous proposons alors l'origine suivante pour la contribution principale au courant tunnel: cette contribution ne proviendrait pas de la mise en résonance de l'état HOMO de la molécule avec le niveau de Fermi de la pointe mais plutôt de l'abaissement, par la présence de la molécule, de la barrière tunnel entre la pointe et la surface, faisant ainsi ressortir, là où elle repose, les caractéristiques du silicium
Limelette, Patrice. "Propriétés de transport de systèmes électroniques fortement corrélés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003545.
Full textFaure-Vincent, Jérôme. "Transport tunnel polarisé en spin dans le système épitaxié Fe/MgO/Fe : interactions magnétiques et symétries électroniques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_FAURE_VINCENT_J.pdf.
Full textMonocrystalline Fe(1 00)/MgO(1 00)/Fe(1 00) magnetic tunnel junctions (MT J), elaborated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy constitute ideal systems for validation of specific concepts related to the spin polarized transport in crystalline multilayers. The analysis of the band structure shows that the Fe(100) behaves as a half-metal with respect to the 01 electronic symmetry; this new concept of spin polarization/filtering in terms of symmetry being at the origin of huge magnetoresistive effects theoretically predicted in these systems. Our magnetotransport results validate the effects of electronic symmetry filtering. Moreover, they illustrate the influence of the electronic structure on tunnel transport, whose complex mechanisms go weil beyond the free- electron framework. The precise control of the bidimensional epitaxial growth of MgO allowed us the elaboration of extremely thin insulating barriers for which we provide a first experimental proof of magnetic coupling by spin polarized tunneling
Lampin, Jean-François. "Application des contraintes biaxiales à l'amélioration du transport vertical des trous dans les hétérostructures." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10147.
Full textLes principaux inconvénients de ce système sont une hauteur de barrière faible et une bande de valence qui tend a s'enterrer sous l'effet de la contrainte. Nous adoptons donc un autre système de matériaux : alas / gaasp. Ce dernier, peu utilise, présente de nombreux avantages : pas d'effet d'enterrement, et une hauteur de barrière plus favorable. Nous obtenons des écarts trous lourds - trous légers conséquents (jusqu'a 100 mev). En comparant une structure tunnel contrainte et une structure non contrainte de référence, nous mesurons une amélioration significative de la densité de courant au pic et du rapport courant pic / courant vallée. En perfectionnant ce type de structure, nous observons, pour la première fois pour une diode a effet tunnel résonnant de type p, une résistance différentielle négative a température ambiante. Enfin, nous discutons des applications éventuelles de ce type de composant
HEHN, Michel. "Magnétisme et transport polarisé en spin : de la couche mince aux dispositifs à électronique de spin." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010062.
Full textNegulescu, Claudia. "Asymptotical models and numerical schemes for quantum systems." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30221.
Full textThe present PhD thesis is concerned with the mathematical modelling and the numerical simulation of the electron transport in nanoscale semiconductor devices. Different transport models are introduced and analyzed, aimed to describe the various regions of a MOSFET transistor. We focus our attention particularly on the modelling of quantum effects taking place in such devices (self-consistent Schrödinger-Poisson system with open boundary conditions)
Sicot, Muriel. "Des interfaces réelles métal/MgO(001) au transport dans les jonctions tunnel épitaxiées." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10138.
Full textThe quality of ferromagnetic metal/oxide interfaces and its influence on spin dependent tunneling processes are studied in this thesis. The work was dedicated to ultrathin bilayers NiMnSb/MgO(001), Fe/ MgO(001), Co/ MgO(001) and Mn/ MgO(001) elaborated by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The originality of this work lies on the study of the electronic properties of the magnetic material in contact with the oxide (interfacial hybridization, polarization, and magnetism, using regular characterization means as well as synchrotron radiation sources). Fe/MgO and Co/MgO are shown to be model interfaces from the growth and the chemical point of view. On the contrary, Mn is oxidized when it is in contact with MgO. In addition, tunnel magnetoresistance are probed in totally magnetic tunnel junctions Fe/MgO/Fe(001). Transport measurements evidence spin filtering effects due to the MgO barrier depending on the symmetry of the Bloch waves. Moreover, we show that the structural quality of the bottom Fe/MgO interface and of the Fe electrode have non negligeable influence on these spin dependent mechanisms
Bonell, Frédéric. "Analyse du transport dans les jonctions tunnel magnétiques épitaxiées à barrière de MgO(001) par manipulation des interfaces, de la barrière et des électrodes." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456413.
Full textGruntz, Guillaume. "Nouvelles architectures moléculaires électrodéficientes et solubles pour les transistors organiques à effet de champ de type n stables à l’air." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0217/document.
Full textOne the main challenges of organic electronics is the fabrication of electronic circuits combining p-type and n-type organic field effect transistors which can be processed by liquid route and are stable in air. Even though many efficient p-type organic materials have been reported, the examples of n-type analogues are rare. The aim of this PhD research work was therefore to design, synthesize and characterize new soluble and electron-acceptor π-conjugated molecules and determine their ability to transport electrons in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) under air. In this aim, the aromatic core of a well-known stable pigment, the Triphenodioxazine (TPDO), was functionalized with solubilizing groups and electron-withdrawing functions to tune the solubility and to yield a higher electron affinity. The various structural modifications achieved provided a complete family of electro-deficient materials. The new compounds were characterized in liquid and solid state, and then integrated in OFETs. Most of them led to an efficient negative charge carrier transport. Hereafter of the rationalization of the results during synthesis, characterization of new materials and physical characterizations of devices, a tetracyano derivative has fulfilled the initial project specifications in terms of solubility, electron mobility and air stability of the performances
Quinard, Benoît. "Transport dépendant du spin dans des monocouches auto-assemblées π-conjuguées." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS015.
Full textThe topic of this PhD Thesis is the spin-dependent transport in π-conjugated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), through the design of magnetic tunnel junction in which the tunnel barrier is made of a SAM of oligophenyl-dithiols. The goal is to study how the introduction of aromatic moieties in the tunnel barriers impacts the transport and the magnetoresistance signals of the junctions.In this work will be firstly introduced the methods to recover an oxidized ferromagnetic surface, to functionalize it with a SAM of oligophenyl-dithiols, and to successfully integrate this interface within a spintronics device made of two ferromagnetic elecrodes.Afterwards the transport characterization of the devices will be presented, aiming to identify the electronic properties of the oligophenyl tunnel barrier. This will be followed by a full study of the magnetoresistive signals in the devices.Lastly, we will discuss the integration of photoactive molecules, paving the way to the making of multifunctional devices in which the resistance can be controlled both by a magnetic field and an external energy source such as light
Duluard, Amandine. "Transport polarisé en spin à travers une barrière de MgO (001) : magnétorésistance et couplage magnétique." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769754.
Full textLi, Xuesong. "Synthesis and physical properties of helical nanosized quinoline-based foldamers : structure, dynamics and photoinduced electron transport." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0013/document.
Full textHerein, synthesis, characterization and application (photoinduced electron transport) of nanosized quinoline-based foldamers have been explored. With double segment strategy, a variety of helical nanosized foldamers (up to 96 quinoline units) were successfully prepared based on 8-aminoquinoline-2-carboxylic acid monomer.The dynamic properties in gas phase and solution were investigated. Ion mobility mass spectrometry afforded access to the conformation state of foldamers ingas phase; DOSY and fluorescence anisotropy assessed the diffusion (translational and rotational, respectively) of foldamers in solution. All of these techniques revealed that quinoline-based foldamers are rigid and that helical conformation is conserved. Photoinduced electron transport through nanosized foldamer was also studied and the mechanism and the transport ratios were revealed