Dissertations / Theses: 'Transport technologies'

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Zarris, George. "Optical TDM transport network technologies." Thesis, University of Essex, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531539.

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Sanne, Pierrick. "Nouvelles technologies d'information et transport de marchandises." Lyon 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO22013.

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Li, Xucheng. "A comparative assessment for innovative public transport technologies." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/388084/.

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Increasing urbanization around the world has raised the passenger demand for public transport. Although travelling by private vehicles dominates market share in most cities and car ownership has increased dramatically, public transport is still an important and cost-effective option, especially in large cities. As a result of that, many public transport technologies, including conventional bus services and innovative public transport technologies, are available to meet this demand. Due to the land use and financial constraints of public transport development in large cities, transport planners and decision makers need to think twice before choosing the most cost-effective public transport mode for the local transport network. Therefore it is necessary to have a comprehensive assessment to evaluate the performance of different public transport technologies, both from the operator’s and society’s point of view. This thesis demonstrates the development of the comparative assessment for comparing the performance of various public transport technologies based on their characteristics and the condition of local transport network. The comparative assessment is made up of three models: Spreadsheet Cost Model, Demand Supply Model and Microscopic Simulation Model. The Spreadsheet Cost Model is constructed in Microsoft Excel and calculates the social and operator cost of public transport systems in strategy level. The Demand Supply Model evaluates the relationship between services supplied from the operator and the passenger demand level by using the demand elasticity with respect to generalised passenger journey time. The Microscopic Simulation Model determines the level of service of the public transport system on the local network by using a microscopic simulation model in VISSIM, which has been created, calibrated and validated based on the data collected from the main corridor of Nanning, China. The three models were integrated in the comparative assessment which is then able to quantify the performance differences between public transport technologies operating on local transport network. The comparative assessment was applied to compare the existing conventional bus service with a conceptually innovative public transport technology, Straddle Bus, on the main corridor (Minzu Avenue) in Nanning, China, in terms of social and operator cost, level of service and forecasted endogenous passenger demand level. The result shows that implementation of Straddle bus in Nanning is able to meet the public transport passenger demand that is increasing rapidly in the city. Detailed interpretations of the comparative assessment results have been given, as well as the suggestions for transport planners and decision makers in Nanning city, as an example of the usefulness of the comparative assessment.

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Williams, Jeffrey L. "Smart transport : a survey of tracking technologies for cargo containers & their transport platforms." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6250.

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
As the threat of terrorism rises, nations seek solutions to secure their ports and lanes of commerce upon the world's oceans and skies. The transport industry has taken the lead in developing new technologies to track cargo containers and the transport platforms, for billions of dollars are at stake. This thesis examines the present and future communication and tracking systems used by the transport industry. Furthermore, an investigation into the tracking methods for high value items such as diamonds will be disclosed. By analyzing the communication and tracking systems used by the transport industry, elements of the Homeland Security organization can mitigate terrorism on the lanes of commerce and ultimately prevent weapons of mass destruction from entering the United States.

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Williams, Jeffrey L. "Smart transport : a survey of tracking technologies for cargo containers & their transport platform /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03sep%5FWilliams%5FJeffrey.pdf.

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Hurtig, Per. "Transport-Layer Performance for Applications and Technologies of the Future Internet." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-8920.

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To provide Internet applications with good performance, the transport protocol TCP is designed to optimize the throughput of data transfers. Today, however, more and more applications rely on low latency rather than throughput. Such applications can be referred to as data-limited and are not appropriately supported by TCP. Another emerging problem is associated with the use of novel networking techniques that provide infrastructure-less networking. To improve connectivity and performance in such environments, multi-path routing is often used. This form of routing can cause packets to be reordered, which in turn hurts TCP performance. To address timeliness issues for data-limited traffic, we propose and experimentally evaluate several transport protocol adaptations. For instance, we adapt the loss recovery mechanisms of both TCP and SCTP to perform faster loss detection for data-limited traffic, while preserving the standard behavior for regular traffic. Evaluations show that the proposed mechanisms are able to reduce loss recovery latency with 30-50%. We also suggest modifications to the TCP state caching mechanisms. The caching mechanisms are used to optimize new TCP connections based on the state of old ones, but do not work properly for data-limited flows. Additionally, we design a SCTP mechanism that reduces overhead by bundling several packets into one packet in a more timely fashion than the bundling normally used in SCTP. To address the problem of packet reordering we perform several experimental evaluations, using TCP and state of the art reordering mitigation techniques. Although the studied mitigation techniques are quite good in helping TCP to sustain its performance during pure packet reordering events, they do not help when other impairments like packet loss are present.

Paper V was in manuscript form at the time of the defense.

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Balima, Christ Eric. "Le rôle des technologies de l'information dans la concurrence des transports aériens." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0002.

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L'usage des technologies de l'information dans les transports aériens n'est pas un phénomène récent. En effet, la réservation électronique est apparue dans ce secteur dès la seconde moitié des années 1960. Ce sont les progrès des ordinateurs et la déréglementation des transports aériens, décidée pour la première fois aux Etats-Unis avec le vote de l'Airline Deregulation Act de 1978, qui ont accéléré le mouvement. Les technologies de l'information se sont alors affirmées comme un élément de dynamisme en matière des transports aériens à tel point que celles-ci sont devenues l'enjeu central de la concurrence dans cette industrie. Ainsi, la déréglementation telle que nous la vivons à l'heure actuelle n'aurait certainement pas été possible sans le développement des technologies de l'information. Cependant, les technologies de l'information ont été également utilisées pour fausser le jeu de la concurrence dans les transports aériens. Cela a suscité de nombreuses inquiétudes quant au bon fonctionnement de la concurrence dans le secteur. Dans de telles circonstances, une intervention en faveur d'une réglementation des technologies de l'information s'est faite pressante. Les autorités de la concurrence ont répondu aux premières difficultés liées à l'utilisation des technologies de l'information dans les transports aériens par l'application du droit général de la concurrence complété par la suite, par un cadre spécifique. Aujourd'hui, les technologies de l'information soulèvent de nouveaux enjeux pour la concurrence des transports aériens auxquels les autorités de la concurrence restent très attentives
The use of the information technologies in the air transport is not a recent phenomenon. Indeed, the electronic reservation appeared in this sector during the second part of the years 1960. The movement was accelerated by the computers' progresses and the air transport deregulation decided by the United States of America in 1978 with the Airline Deregulation Act. The information technologies are now an element of the air transports' dynamism and the central issue of the competition in this industry. Thus, the deregulation, such as we live it at the present time, would certainly not have been possible without the development of the information technologies. However, the information technologies were also used to distort the air transports' competition and that caused many concerns in the sector. In such circumstances, an intervention in favor of the information technologies' regulation was planed. The competition's authorities answered the first difficulties related to the use of the information technologies in the air transport by applying the competition's general law supplemented thereafter, by a specific framework. Today, the information technologies cause new problems in the air transports' competition and the competition's authorities remain very attentive

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Yousaf, Mohammad. "Field-scale evaluation of water and solute transport in different irrigation technologies." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187358.

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Groundwater contamination has many sources, the routine agricultural application of fertilizers and pesticides are recognized as significant sources. This field study was initiated and designed to evaluate if there were differences among different irrigation technologies on water and solute transport under field conditions. The modes of water application were flood, sprinkler and drip (line source) with the same amount of water but different water application rates. Potassium bromide was applied along with irrigation water to assess the leaching behavior of chemicals. The three methods of water application yielded similar patterns of moisture regimes as a function of time. As the flow rate decreases, the gradual transition of moisture was observed with long peaks indicating more uniform water distribution and water availability in the case of drip irrigation. The moisture distribution for post irrigation was not significantly different with time among different irrigation systems. The moisture distribution profiles with depth were statistically different for sprinkler irrigation compared to flood and drip irrigations. There was no significant difference between flood and drip irrigations. The solute concentration distribution as a function of time exhibited solute pattern differences among irrigation methods. The concentration distribution in flood irrigation was quite different from sprinkler and drip irrigations due to high input flow rate. The post irrigation concentration distribution with time was higher in drip irrigation than those of flood and sprinkler irrigations. The solute concentration profiles in flood, sprinkler and drip irrigations showed no big differences among irrigation methods with depth up to 55 cm. But the drip irrigation had more solute retained and more uniformity in the soil profile than flood or sprinkler irrigations. The numerical model "HYDRUS" was used for the simulation of one-dimensional water flow and solute transport in flood, sprinkler and drip irrigations. The dispersivity versus solute profiles exhibited greater vertical variability with depth in flood irrigation than for sprinkler and drip irrigation. The comparative results of model simulation and field observed data for moisture distribution showed good agreement between the observed and the simulated water contents. The model prediction for solute concentration distribution also showed comparable results with field measurements.

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Gould, Toby William Albert. "Technologies for expansion, transport and delivery of cell therapies for regenerative medicine applications." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602524.

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Cell therapy is an emerging facet of the regenerative medicine discipline. Innovation in this field is providing new solutions for the treatment of diseases and lost functionality of the human body. These are therapies that have cells as the active agent and in particular human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are proven to be useful in this context. For these treatments to be widely available and marketed widely there is a requirement to overcome bottle necks within the product life cycle. One such bottle neck is the reproducible generation of enough cells on a mass manufacturing scale. Following this is the transport of the therapeutic cells from the production facility to the care giving facility without the extra complication of cryopreservation. The final aspect of the life cycle discussed here is the delivery of the cells to the patient. In this case as part of a tissue-engineering construct for the regeneration of mastoid bone. A temperature responsive magnetic particle gel dispersion was demonstrated as a surface capable of supporting the growth of a 3T3 cell line. It was also shown that cells grown on this surface could be subcultured on this surface by reducing the temperature to 10 DC and applying a magnetic field as to separate the cells. These cells were seeded on to new gels and showed that the population increased with time. A model of a system capable of transporting live hMSCs in sealed units was investigated. The multivariate . experiment took into consideration different temperatures of 4 DC, 23 DC, 27 DC and 37 DC, varying cell density of 5 x 104 and 10 x 104 cells per well and media volumes set at 1 ml and 2 ml per well. The results showed that over a 7 day period the most important factor was the time at any given condition . The factors of media volume and cell density had no bearing on the measured outcome of percentage of viable or apoptotic cells as measured by flow cytometry. For the treatment of patients following mastoidectomy a material capable of regenerating the mastoid air cell structure and releasing a broad spectrum antibiotic ciprofloxacin was investigated. The material based on PLGA/PEG micro particles with included alginate gel beads that is pastable at room temperature and sintersat body temperature to form a higly porous scaffold material. It was shown to support the growth of progenitor hMSCs an'd to release antibiotic with varying profiles depending upon the type of formulation . This study highlights the importance for new technologies and methods to propel cell therapies from the laboratory setting through to commercialisation and the marketplace. ii

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Gudymenko, Ivan. "Privacy-preserving E-ticketing Systems for Public Transport Based on RFID/NFC Technologies." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-168906.

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Pervasive digitization of human environment has dramatically changed our everyday lives. New technologies which have become an integral part of our daily routine have deeply affected our perception of the surrounding world and have opened qualitatively new opportunities. In an urban environment, the influence of such changes is especially tangible and acute. For example, ubiquitous computing (also commonly referred to as UbiComp) is a pure vision no more and has transformed the digital world dramatically. Pervasive use of smartphones, integration of processing power into various artefacts as well as the overall miniaturization of computing devices can already be witnessed on a daily basis even by laypersons. In particular, transport being an integral part of any urban ecosystem have been affected by these changes. Consequently, public transport systems have undergone transformation as well and are currently dynamically evolving. In many cities around the world, the concept of the so-called electronic ticketing (e-ticketing) is being extensively used for issuing travel permissions which may eventually result in conventional paper-based tickets being completely phased out already in the nearest future. Opal Card in Sydney, Oyster Card in London, Touch & Travel in Germany and many more are all the examples of how well the e-ticketing has been accepted both by customers and public transport companies. Despite numerous benefits provided by such e-ticketing systems for public transport, serious privacy concern arise. The main reason lies in the fact that using these systems may imply the dramatic multiplication of digital traces left by individuals, also beyond the transport scope. Unfortunately, there has been little effort so far to explicitly tackle this issue. There is still not enough motivation and public pressure imposed on industry to invest into privacy. In academia, the majority of solutions targeted at this problem quite often limit the real-world pertinence of the resultant privacy-preserving concepts due to the fact that inherent advantages of e-ticketing systems for public transport cannot be fully leveraged. This thesis is aimed at solving the aforementioned problem by providing a privacy-preserving framework which can be used for developing e-ticketing systems for public transport with privacy protection integrated from the outset. At the same time, the advantages of e-ticketing such as fine-grained billing, flexible pricing schemes, and transparent use (which are often the main drivers for public to roll out such systems) can be retained.

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Nafaa, Beya. "Etude du bruit électrique basse fréquence dans des technologies CMOS avancées." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC273/document.

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Les travaux réalisés pendant cette thèse se focalisent sur l'étude de transistors double grille UTBOX complètement délpétés fabriqués pour le nœud technologique 16 nm. Les performances de ces composants en courant continu et en fonction de la température ont été évaluées. Les pièges localisés dans le film de silicium ont été identifiés à l’aide de la spectroscopie de bruit basse fréquence, donnant ainsi la possibilité d'évaluer les étapes de fabrications afin de les optimiser. Un pic inhabituel de transconductance a été observé dans les caractéristiques de transfert obtenues à faibles températures (77 K et 10 K). Ce phénomène est plus probablement lié à un effet tunnel à travers des dopants diffusés à partir des extensions de source et drain dans le canal. Le mécanisme de transport quantique relié à la dégénérescence de niveaux d'énergie dans la bande de conduction a été mis en évidence à température cryogéniques et à très faibles polarisations. Une nouvelle approche théorique valide en inversion modérée a été développée pour les modèles de fluctuations de mobilité et de fluctuations de mobilité corrélés aux fluctuations du nombre de porteurs. Les résultats indiquent que le changement du mécanisme de transport des porteurs est accompagné par un changement du mécanisme du bruit en 1/f
The work done during this thesis focuses on the study of fully depleted double gate UTBOX transistors manufactured for the 16 nm technology node. The performances of these components in DC and as a function of temperature were evaluated. The traps located in the silicon film have been identified using low frequency noise spectroscopy, giving the possibility of evaluating the manufacturing steps in order to optimize them. An unusual peak of transconductance was observed in the transfer characteristics obtained at low temperatures (77 K and 10 K). This phenomenon is most likely related to a tunneling effect through dopants scattered from the source and drain extensions in the channel. The quantum transport mechanism related to the degeneracy of energy levels in the conduction band has been demonstrated at cryogenic temperatures and at very low polarizations. A new theoretical approach valid in moderate inversion has been developed for models of mobility fluctuations and mobility fluctuations correlated with the number of carriers fluctuations. The results indicate that the change in carrier transport mechanism is accompanied by a change in the 1 / f noise mechanism

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Solignac, Manon. "Véhicule électrique et forme urbaine : une évaluation prospective." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1010/document.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'évaluation du potentiel et du coût du véhicule électrique comme solution pour réduire les émissions de CO$_2$ dues au transport de passagers en ville. Elle montre comment intégrer les habitudes de déplacement des usagers dans les méthodologies de quantification modifie ces évaluations. Les analyses portant sur le véhicule électrique calculent généralement un potentiel de réduction d'émissions et un coût sans distinguer les spécificités locales des territoires où ce véhicule pourra être mis en place et de l'utilisation qui en découle. Elles ne tiennent pas compte non plus des autres politiques existantes sur ce territoire, notamment de celles jouant sur la structure de la mobilité, à savoir son volume total et son partage modal. Ainsi, les différentes solutions de réduction d'émission de CO$_2$, technologiques d'un côté et portant sur la structure de la mobilité de l'autre, sont le plus souvent discutées de manière indépendante, et les possibles rétroactions de l'une vers l'autre sont peu analysées. Cette thèse vise donc à considérer conjointement l'introduction d'une solution technologique telle que le véhicule électrique et les structures urbaines dans lesquelles elle se déploie. Pour cela, nous développons un modèle de choix de technologies de véhicules des ménages, et l'intégrons à un modèle d'économie urbaine. Nous nous intéressons dans un premier temps, aux caractéristiques spatiales de la ville et donc à l'usage qui est fait de ce véhicule ; puis, dans un deuxième temps, à la mise en œuvre simultanée d'une solution jouant sur la structure de la mobilité pour réduire les émissions : la ceinture verte. Ces deux analyses nous permettent de mettre en évidence, et de quantifier, l'interdépendance d'une action s'appuyant sur la technologie et d'une autre s'appuyant sur la structure de la mobilité. Enfin, dans un troisième temps, nous introduisons l'hétérogénéité des usages ainsi que l'incertitude sur les prix futurs de l'énergie et les coûts futurs des batteries dans un modèle de calcul de la valeur d'option du déploiement du véhicule électrique. Nous montrons que ces deux éléments conduisent à réviser l'évaluation de la valeur d'option à la hausse
This thesis brings precisions on the measure of the emissions reduction potential in cities and the cost of electric vehicle by taking into account users driving patterns. Studies on electric vehicles or other solutions belonging to the "technological lever" compute emissions reduction potential and cost without discerning the local specificities of the areas where it would be used and the use that would be done of these vehicles. These studies don't take into account the other policies implemented in the area, including the ones that operate on a different lever such as the "mobility structure lever" : volume of activity and modal shares. Policies for reducing CO$_2$ emissions are often discussed independently and ignore the possible retroactions. To improve the evaluation of the potential of the electric vehicle, it seems essential to take into account the environment in which it would be developed. We use a urban economics model to first look at the spatial features of the city, and so at the use of this vehicle. Then we compute the impacts of the simultaneous introduction of the electric vehicle and a solution belonging to the "mobility structure lever" : the greenbelt. These two last points allow us to highlight the interdependency of the two action levers : technology and mobility structure. Then we take into account the use of the car by the households and the uncertainty around electric vehicle introduction, to improve the evaluation of the cost of this solution

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Burkhardt, Simon [Verfasser]. "Exploration of Charge Transport Phenomena in Transition Metal Oxides for Energy Technologies / Simon Burkhardt." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1209135485/34.

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Mendez, Eduardo. "Groundwater Interactive: Interdisciplinary Web-Based Software Incorporating New Learning Methodologies and Technologies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35796.

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Groundwater related courses are offered through several colleges at Virginia Tech. These classes enroll a diverse group of students with varied academic backgrounds and educational levels. Though these classes emphasize different aspects of groundwater resources, they lack a unified approach in instructional materials and learning methodologies for knowledge they do share. The goals of this research are to lessen the impact of variable student backgrounds and to better integrate the courses to improve teaching and learning, through the development of a multi-tiered, interdisciplinary website, Groundwater Interactive (GWI). GWI, as an educational technology, employs a variety of interactive multimedia. The primary educational components of the website include interactive and graphical models and quizzes, and a student-authored primer. An implementation strategy based on experiential and cooperative learning models is developed for application of the GWI tool in the classroom. An assessment methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of these new learning methods and techniques was also developed, but was not implemented as part of this work.
Master of Science

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Anwer, Izza. "The role of ITS and other advanced communication technologies in reducing the transport impacts of disasters." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19333/.

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This ethically approved, novel study emphasizes an important aspect of Information and communication flow (ICF) that underpins the transport systems’ activities under disasters (e.g. search, rescue, relief operations and emergency related travel activities). Multi perspectives of ICF, based on numerous ICT and ITS technologies, are investigated in detail by employing various analysis techniques and methods. Two scenarios were developed for three case studies from developed and developing countries (one in UK and two in Pakistan). The effectiveness and choice making process regarding use of ITS technologies by the transport-disaster managers (scenario1) and people affected (scenario 2) were investigated for three phases (pre, during, post) of two different disasters (floods and earthquakes). Participants for both scenarios were recruited and data collected and analysed using different data collection and analysis methods. The study contributes a new data collection and analysis technique named as the Q-Likert methodology, which was developed and used to identify those factors (relating to ITS deployment plans, policies, ICF within and among other authorities and availability of resources, expertise and liberty to practice) that limit the scope of ITS technologies during disasters. An evaluation of the effectiveness of each ITS technology under both scenarios and for three phases of disasters is reported. A range of variables (e.g. personal characteristics of people, prevailing situations and facilities) and their influence on the use of ITS technologies was tested. Many aspects relating to transport-disaster affected communities are revealed. The results are fused and validated through data fusion technique to get maximum information regarding the multidimensional issues of transport-disasters ICF. Based on the evidence found, an integrated framework is proposed covering ITS technologies, transport and disasters systems. The framework focuses on the provision of an un-interrupted ICF along with cooperation, coordination and exchange of information and resources between all stakeholders.

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Tomasoni, Angela Maria. "Modèles et méthodes d'évaluation et de gestion des risques appliquées aux systèmes de transport de marchandises dangereuses (TMD), reposant sur les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC)." Paris, ENMP, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006223.

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Durant ma thèse de doctorat, j'ai développé plusieurs modèles et méthodes d'évaluation des risques dans les systèmes de transport de matières dangereuses. En raison de la multiplicité des approches d'évaluation de risque, tous les modèles décrits, définis et utilisés sont fondés sur la définition classique du risque technologique - liés à l'activité de l'homme - la catégorie des risques accidentels, - ou d'un accident - d'un véhicule transportant des matières dangereuses. Cette définition des risques est la même pour les conduites que pour le transport par route, mais différentes approches méthodologiques pour l'évaluation des risques de transport peuvent être abordées : Au chapitre n°2: une définition générale des marchandises dangereuses a été réalisé ainsi que différents types de matières dangereuses considérées. Ensuite, l'étude a été focalisé sur les hydrocarbures ainsi que sur les réglementations qui y sont liés. Dans le chapitre n°3, l'étude a porté sur la définition des risques dans le transport des matières dangereuses, respectivement, dans le cas des pipelines ainsi que pour le transport routier. Au cours du 4ème chapitre, une description complète de la méthodologie d'évaluation des risques de pipelines a été réalisé. Par la suite, au chapitre n°5, un modèle innovant et technologique a été utilisé afin de décrire un scénario d'accident du GPL par route et d'évaluer son impact sur la population concernée. Au chapitre n°6, j'aborde des modèles et des méthodes innovants pour l'évaluation des risques et le contrôle de la DGT par route. Cette méthodologie est basée sur une approche «Risk averse decision making». Au chapitre n°7, une loi de contrôle optimale de la DGT a été développé et appliqué dans le cas d'une infrastructure critique, spécifiquement, dans le cas des tunnels. Enfin, le chapitre n°8 a pour objectif de résumer mon travail en termes de résultats obtenus au cours de ma thèse
I have developed more than one models and methods of risk assessment in hazmat transportation systems, because of the multiplicity of approach that could be followed to evaluate risk - from a risk averse approach to a consequence based approach. All the models that I have described and defined are based on the classical definition of technological risk – related to humans activity – categorized as accidental risk, where the risk is related to the failure – or accident – of a vehicle transporting hazmat matters. This risk definition is the same for the pipeline and road, but I can use different methodological approaches to evaluate transport risk. Using this basic assumption that “an accident could happened” in road as in pipeline transportation, in Chapter n. 2 I have defined what is an hazmat and which type of hazmat I considered in this study, which modalities are generally taken into account, and which of them I have chosen for my research activity, and finally, what are the relative regulations. Chapter n. 3 deal with the risk definition in the transport of hazmat, respectively, in pipeline and on road, starting from only one risk definition, based univocally on the risks related to humans activities, but exposing similarities and differences between pipeline and road transport risk definition. Then, in Chapter n. 4 the methodology use to describe pipeline risk assessment has been tackled. Subsequently, in Chapter n. 5 an innovative and technological model used to describe a DG accident scenario by road, and the population involved, has been described. In Chapter n. 6 I tackle specific models and methods of risk assessment and control in DGT by road, considering two different approaches: a risk avers decision maker approach and an optimal control of DGT flow approach in a critical infrastructure, in other words, in a tunnel. Finally Chapter n. 7, report and summarize respectively conclusions

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Fleury, Dominique. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du transport dans les transistors de dimensions déca-nanométriques des technologies CMOS sub-45nm." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461948.

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La miniaturisation des composants électroniques qui permet aujourd'hui une intégration à grande échelle a été possible grâce aux innovations des procédés de fabrication. Ces modifications affectent profondément le comportement électrique des transistors MOS lorsque la longueur de grille devient inférieure à 100nm, altérant notre compréhension physique de ce dispositif. Ce travail de thèse se situe dans le domaine de l'étude des performances des transistors fabriqués dans les filières avancées (technologies sub-45nm) et l'analyse de leur réponse électrique. Il propose d'améliorer les méthodologies existantes et apporte de nouvelles techniques d'extraction qui permettent une analyse des paramètres électriques valide dans un environnement industriel, sur des transistors courts. L'utilisation des ces nouvelles techniques permet une compréhension physique plus juste, utile pour prédire les performances des technologies futures.

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Jenks, Mark Denison. "Technical cost modeling for evaluation of developmental manufacturing technologies : a case study of Boeing's high speed civil transport." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13356.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, and Sloan School of Management, 1991.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-273).
by Mark Denison Jenks.
M.S.

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Jenkins, Rhodri. "Renewable liquid transport fuels from microbes and waste resources." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655722.

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In order to satisfy the global requirement for transport fuel sustainably, renewable liquid biofuels must be developed. Currently, two biofuels dominate the market; bioethanol for spark ignition and biodiesel for compression ignition engines. However, both fuels exhibit technical issues such as low energy density, poor low temperature performance and poor stability. In addition, bioethanol and biodiesel sourced from first generation feedstocks use arable land in competition with food production, and can only meet a fraction of the current demand. To address these issues it is vital that biofuels be developed from truly sustainable sources, such as lignocellulosic waste resources, and possess improved physical properties. To improve and control the physical properties of a fuel for specific application, one must be able to tailor the products formed in its production process. All studies within this thesis, therefore, have the aim of assessing the fuels produced for their variability in physical property, or the aim of directing the process considered to specific fuel molecules. In Chapter 2, spent coffee grounds from a range of geographical locations, bean types and brewing processes were assessed as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. While the lipid yield was comparable to that of conventional biodiesel sources, the fatty acid profile remained constant irrespective of the coffee source. Despite this lack of variation, the fuel properties varied widely, presumably due to a range of alternative biomolecules present in the lipid. Though coffee biodiesel was produced from a waste product, the fuel properties were found to be akin to palm oil biodiesel, with a high viscosity and pour point. The blend level would therefore be restricted. In Chapter 3 the coffee lipid, as well as a range of microbial oils potentially derived from renewable sources were transformed into a novel aviation and road transport fuel through cross-metathesis with ethene. Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst was found to be the most suitable, achieving 41% terminal bond selectivity under optimum conditions. Metathesis yielded three fractions: an alkene hydrocarbon fraction suitable for aviation, a shorter chain triglyceride fraction that upon transesterification produced a short chain biodiesel fuel, and a multifunctional volatile alkene fraction that could potentially have application in the polymer industry. Though there was variation for the road transport fuel fraction due to the presence of long chain saturates, the compounds fell within the US standard for biodiesel. The aviation fraction lowered the viscosity, increased the energy density, and remained soluble with Jet A-1 down to the required freezing point. Oleaginous organisms generally only produce a maximum of 40% lipid, leaving a large portion of fermentable biomass. In Chapter 4, a variety of ethyl and butyl esters of organic acids – potentially obtainable from fermentation – were assessed for their suitability as fuels in comparison to bioethanol. One product, butyl butyrate, was deemed suitable as a Jet A-1 replacement while four products, diethyl succinate, dibutyl succinate, dibutyl fumarate and dibutyl malonate, were considered as potential blending agents for diesel. Diethyl succinate, being the most economically viable of the four, was chosen for an on-engine test using a 20 vol% blend of DES (DES 20) on a chassis dynamometer under pseudo-steady state conditions. DES20 was found to cause an increase in fuel demand and NOx emissions, and a decrease in exhaust temperature, wheel force, and CO emissions. While fermentation is generally directed to one product, producing unimolecular fuels, they do not convert the entirety of the biomass available. An alternative chemical transformation is pyrolysis. In Chapter 5, zeolite-catalysed fast pyrolysis of a model compound representative of the ketonic portion of biomass pyrolysis vapour – mesityl oxide – was carried out. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanistic changes that occur, which could lead to improved bio-oil yields and more directed fuel properties of the pyrolysis oil. While HZSM-5 and Cu ZSM-5 showed no activity for hydrogenation and little activity for oligomerisation, Pd ZSM-5 led to near-complete selective hydrogenation of mesityl oxide to methyl isobutyl ketone, though this reduced at higher temperatures. At lower temperature (150-250 °C), a small amount of useful oligomerisation was observed, which could potentially lead to a selective pyrolysis oligomerisation reaction pathway.

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Pham, Thi Huong Thao. "Apports et difficultés d’une collecte de données à l’aide de récepteurs GPS pour réaliser une enquête sur la mobilité." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0060/document.

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Les méthodes de collecte de données sur la mobilité basée sur les nouvelles technologies ont évolué au cours des dernières décennies. Le suivi de la mobilité par GPS pour la recherche sur les comportements de déplacement se diffuse, principalement en raison de la couverture mondiale et de la précision du système GPS. Le sous-échantillon d’environ 957 volontaires qui ont accepté de porter un GPS pendant au moins une semaine dans le cadre de l'Enquête Nationale Transport et Déplacements (ENTD) 2007-08 est la première expérience nationale de ce type dans le monde.Cette thèse présente l'intérêt des nouvelles technologies pour les enquêtes de mobilité, leurs avantages et leurs biais. D'abord, en étudiant l'acceptabilité et les biais des enquêtes de mobilité à l'aide de GPS, les résultats confirment que les enquêtés volontaires pour une enquête GPS sont plus consciencieux et décrivent mieux leur mobilité. Ensuite, nous décrivons le profil des enquêtés qui acceptent l’enquête GPS. L’une des raisons principales du faible taux de l’acceptation du GPS dans l’ENTD 2007-2008 est la disponibilité de GPS. Donc pour l'accroissement du taux de disponibilité des GPS, nous avons besoin de calculer les temps et durées des visites de l'enquête pour réduire le taux d’immobilisation forcé des GPS.Indépendamment de ce problème d’acceptabilité du GPS par l’enquêté, un défi dans le traitement a posteriori des données collectées par GPS est la mise au point de méthodes permettant de combler les données manquantes et de reconstituer de manière automatisée des séquences continues, à la fois dans l'espace et dans le temps. Nous présentons l’algorithme de post-traitement et les résultats du logiciel de post-traitement des données GPS de l’ENTD 2007-2008. La validation est effectuée en comparant avec les données collectées par les méthodes classiques, ainsi qu’avec le CAPI-GPS qui fournit des informations supplémentaires sur la fiabilité de l'appareil et des caractéristiques plus détaillées (mode, motif...) pour les déplacements réalisés un jour tiré au sort.Ensuite, nous comparons les descriptions de la mobilité obtenues par deux méthodes, questionnaire classique de l’enquête, d’une part et traces GPS d’autre part, pour les jours couverts par ces deux instruments d’observation. Un panorama de l’appariement des traces GPS et des déplacements quotidiens est effectué en s’appuyant sur leur chronologie de manière automatique mais également par un contrôle manuel. En identifiant les caractéristiques des déplacements quotidiens et traces GPS non appariés, nous estimons les raisons de leur non-appariement.Cette recherche montre que l’enquête à l’aide de GPS peut être utilisée avec succès pour compléter les enquêtes de transport classiques, mais qu’il est encore prématuré d’imaginer la substitution complète des enquêtes classiques de mobilité par l’enquête GPS.Mots-clés : enquête de transports, mobilité, nouvelles technologies, collecte de données, GPS, post-traitement, acceptabilité, acceptation, CAPI- GPS, traces GPS, déplacement quotidien
Travel survey methods based on new technologies have evolved in the past few decades, shifting from limited experiments to large-scale travel surveys. GPS-based data collection methods have become particularly popular in travel behavior research, mainly because of the worldwide coverage and the accuracy of the GPS system. We have taken the opportunity of the French National Travel Survey (FNTS) to have the first nationwide experience with embedding such a “GPS package” in a traditional survey, with a sub-sample of approximately 957 voluntary respondents.This thesis begins by presenting a review of interest in new technologies for mobility surveys, advantages and limitations. Prior to going into the field with the processing of GPS data, it is important to understand the likely acceptability of GPS device among FNTS respondents – specifically whether a sufficient proportion would be willing to use a GPS device while completing a travel diary and, if not, why not. The findings confirmed that the voluntary respondents with GPS receiver are more conscientious and better describe their mobility. We find the profile of respondents who accept the GPS survey. One of the main reason for low GPS acceptance rate in the FNTS 2007 is the availability of GPS. For increasing the GPS availability rate, we need to calculate the time and duration of the survey visits to reduce the GPS immobilization rate.A challenge in the GPS data post-processing is the development of methods to fill GPS missing data and to reconstitute automatically continuous sequence, both in space and time. Then, the architecture of GPS data post-processing for the FNTS 2007-08 is described. After, the results of the post processing software is calibrated by comparison with conventional methods, such as CAPI-GPS providing for a few trips additional information on the reliability of the device and on more detailed characteristics (e.g. mode and purpose).Next, we provide an overview of comparing the descriptions of mobility obtained by two methods CAPI and GPS in the days covered by these two observation tools. The automatic matching of GPS traces to daily trips based on their chronologies and the manual control of this matching are performed. By identifying the characteristics of unmatched GPS traces and daily trips, we expect the reasons for their mismatches.Finally, we evaluate the contributions and challenges of data collection using GPS device. This study shows that the GPS survey can be used successfully to complete the conventional transport surveys, but it is still too early to predict the complete substitution of conventional survey by the GPS mobility survey.Keywords: transport survey, mobility, new technologies, data collection, GPS, post processing, acceptability, GPS traces, daily trip

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Al, Junaibi Musallem. "A framework for the deployment of traffic safety technologies in Abu Dhabi highways." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/617566.

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There has been a good effort made in Abu Dhabi for the last couple of years between government stakeholders to develop a road safety strategy, define rules and responsibilities, and gain a fully coordinated and integrated framework to deal with road safety. According to my point of view, the challenges that might be seen as a problem for the future development of Abu Dhabi can be the management and the usage of traffic safety technologies to reduce serious road traffic accidents. This study focused on the relationship between the use of traffic safety technologies and serious road traffic accidents on Abu Dhabi Highways. The motivation for this research is to implement correctly the traffic safety technologies in Abu Dhabi highways as a part of the need to adopt plans, programmes, and preventive measures to reduce or prevent the occurrence of traffic accidents in order to ensure the safety of individuals and property, in addition to preserving the security of the state and its human and economic components. The overall approach to this study is a mixed methodology, which combines quantitative and qualitative methods. A questionnaire is one method used in this regard, and is designed to be quantitative. In the quantitative method, comparing statistics of fatalities and injuries before and after installation of the speed cameras is used. As a result of this study and by making the connectivity between reviewing the results and findings of the literature review, identifying the questionnaire results, and exploring the before and after statistics led to findings which were used to develop a decision support framework that can be used to advise the regional safety strategy to be sustainable. The design framework was also validated through Abu Dhabi highways by a panel of experts, which was carried out using the focus group method, which was qualitative in nature. It is recommended from this research to invest much in traffic safety technologies, focus more on driver support systems and rapid response systems, improve driver behaviour as a priority in Abu Dhabi highways using traffic safety technologies, and integrate the compatibility of all of the above through an integrated system and specific performance indicators that are measured and followed up on an ongoing basis, and supported by geographic information systems (GIS).

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Blouza, Sofiene. "Étude des potentialités offertes par les technologies de transmission optique flexible pour les réseaux métro / coeur." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870064.

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L'évolution vers de nouveaux services, comme la TV à la demande, nécessitant de grosses bandes passantes remet en question les débits transportés par chaque canal optique d'un réseau WDM. Les débits des canaux ont atteint aujourd'hui les 100 Gbit/s. Cette montée en débit doit être accompagnée par de nouvelles fonctionnalités au sein des réseaux de transport optiques. Améliorer la flexibilité et assurer la transparence des réseaux optiques sont des défis très importants auxquels les opérateurs doivent faire face aujourd'hui. Un réseau optique est dit transparent, si les signaux optiques transportés ne subissent aucune conversion optoélectronique sauf au moment de leur insertion et de leur extraction dans le réseau optique. La flexibilité, quant à elle, concerne principalement les fonctions d'agrégation et de désagrégation optiques. Aujourd'hui ces fonctions d'agrégation et de désagrégation sont réalisées dans le domaine électronique, ce qui avec la montée du débit, va engendrer un coût important pour les opérateurs. Une manière d'y remédier serait de trouver une technologie adaptée à la montée du débit et offrant la possibilité de faire de l'agrégation et de la désagrégation optique des flux de trafics. Dans cette thèse nous proposons d'étudier une technique de commutation tout-optique offrant la possibilité de faire de la commutation optique intra-canal. Cette technique, baptisée multi-bande OFDM, consiste à diviser un canal WDM en plusieurs entités appelées sous-bandes. Le nombre de ces entités dépend des contraintes technologiques des équipements utilisés pour générer le canal multi-bande (les filtres optiques, les convertisseurs analogiques/numérique et numériques/analogiques). Nous comparons la technologie multi-bande OFDM par rapport à des technologies tendancielles mono-bande : le cas mono-bande opaque et mono-bande transparent. Nous démontrons que la technologie multi-bande OFDM peut être un compromis entre ces deux technologies pour les futurs réseaux de télécommunications optiques. Pour ce faire, nous calculons les performances en termes de blocage. Nous étudions l'impact de la conversion de longueurs d'onde sur les réseaux multi-bande OFDM ainsi que l'impact d'augmenter les nombres de sous-bandes sur les performances du réseau. Nous dégageons les limites technologiques de cette approche. Dans une autre partie de l'étude, nous montrons l'intérêt économique de la technologie multi-bande OFDM. Nous exposons le gain en coût des émetteurs/récepteurs obtenu grâce au déploiement de la technologie multi-bande OFDM sur un réseau cœur et un réseau métropolitain.

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Monéger, Ferdinand. "Conception d’un service de transport par navettes autonomes acceptable et sécurisé : approche ergonomique par l’analyse des expériences vécues et des valeurs en acte." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL010/document.

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Dans le cadre d’un projet industriel de conception de navettes de transport autonomes (sans chauffeur), nous avons analysé les expériences vécues et les valeurs en acte des régulateurs afin d'identifier leur contribution à l'acceptation et à la sécurité des navettes et du service associé. En effet, à l'étape du développement actuel du projet, le système de transport n'atteint pas le niveau d'autonomie visé et des régulateurs œuvrent au fonctionnement du service – dont des accompagnants qui sont systématiquement présents à bord de chaque navette. Nous avons mis en perspectives ces analyses avec les analyses des activités et des valeurs d’autres acteurs impliqués dans le processus de conception : les passagers, les usagers des sites non-utilisateurs des navettes, les exploitants des navettes, les concepteurs. Entre 2013 et 2016, des investigations ont été menées sur six sites européens sur lesquels les navettes étaient mises à l'essai. Ont alors été réalisés : des analyses systématiques des situations critiques gérées par les régulateurs, des entretiens composites (semi-directifs inspirés des techniques d'explicitation) auprès des régulateurs, des exploitants, des concepteurs, des questionnaires à destination des usagers des sites (passagers ou non). Les investigations menées ont montré que les régulateurs mobilisaient principalement 7 valeurs. Les investigations ont également révélé l’existence de 19 situations critiques (situations dans lesquelles les régulateurs doivent arbitrer entre des valeurs en conflit). Les réponses apportées par les régulateurs en situations critiques révèlent que la hiérarchisation de ces valeurs dépend d’arbitrages variables et situés. Nous discutons enfin de la contribution de ces réponses à l’acceptation du système de transport, notamment en fiabilisant sa performance, en gérant sa sécurité, en maximisant son utilité et en développant une relation de service auprès des passagers. Ces résultats conduisent ainsi à interroger le statut de l’humain dans les processus de conception et d’acceptation de technologies autonomes et sécurisées
As part of an industrial project to design autonomous (driverless) shuttles, we have analyzed the experiences and values of the supervisors, so as to identify their contribution to the acceptance of the shuttles and related services and to be able to continue to design this transport service. It would seem that the system under investigation is currently not autonomous to the degree that had been expected, with a human supervisor operating on-board during every trip. In 2015 and 2016, studies were carried out at six european sites where shuttles were being tested. The following were performed : systematic analyses of critical situations dealt with by the supervisors, composite interviews (semi-structured, based on elicitation interviews) with supervisors, owners, designers, and questionnaires to sites users. Results show that supervisors mobilize seven values in their activity. We have identified 19 critical situations involving arbitration, in which these values appear to be contradictory. The responses of the supervisors, in situation, show that the prioritization of these values depends on various situated arbitrations. We then discuss how these responses contribute towards the acceptance of the transport system, notably by making its performance more reliable, maximizing its usefulness and developing a service relationship with the passengers. These results thus lead us to question the status of the human being in autonomous technology and related services, design and acceptance processes

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Häggblom, Linnea, and Mikael Norman. "Transport av styckegods på järnväg: en utredande studie." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-30830.

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In today´s society large quantities of goods are shipped both domestic in Sweden as well as across borders. The increasing flow of goods require higher demands on the capacity of the infrastructure and at the same time think and act for a sustainable environment. The overall aim of the study is to highlight development areas for cargo freight by railway. The more specific goals of the study is to identify what enablers that is needed when to establish an intermodal terminal that will handle break-bulk cargo directly from railway, and what barriers that might be. To achieve the aim and goal a qualitative study was conducted with interviews as primal data. Studying the market prerequisites and conducting a competitive intelligence and a benchmark conducted the result. In the result, the interviews and the examined documents has ben compiled, these data has been the basis for the analysis and conclusion. Large parts of the collected data indicated that break bulk cargo handling in intermodal terminals is currently something that is not offered and it is not considered to be economically viable. However, the study also revealed that break bulk cargo handling is a desired service from the business sector as it is regarded as an environmentally friendly mode of transportation, something that the business sector appreciate. To cope with this kind of cargo handling and transportation more research is needed, better cooperation between the private- and the public sector as well as infrastructure changes.
Idag fraktas stora mängder gods både inom Sverige och över landsgränserna. Det ökande godsflödet ställer högre krav på infrastrukturens kapacitet samtidigt som det blir allt viktigare med transporter som är hållbara ur miljösynpunkt. Studiens övergripande syfte är att belysa utvecklingsmöjligheter av godstransport på järnväg. Mer specifika mål för studien är att identifiera vilka förutsättningar som bör finnas vid etablering av kombiterminal med styckegodshantering direkt från räls samt vilka barriärer det finns mot det. För att uppnå undersökningens syfte och mål genomfördes en kvalitativ studie med intervjuer som primärdata. Genom att studera marknadsförutsättningar, genomföra en omvärldsbevakning och en benchmark utformades resultatet. I resultatet har intervjuerna tillsammans med den granskade dokumentationen sammanställts, dessa data har sedan legat som grund till analysen och slutsatsen. Stora delar av insamlade data pekade mot att styckegodshantering på kombiterminal i dagens läge inte är något som erbjuds samt att det inte anses vara ekonomiskt hållbart att hantera styckegods på kombiterminal. Dock visade undersökningen att styckegodshantering på kombiterminal är en önskad tjänst från näringslivet då det anses vara ett miljövänligt transportsätt för gods, något som näringslivet värdesätter. För att klara av denna typ av hantering och transport krävs mer forskning, bättre samarbete mellan den privata och offentliga sektorn samt infrastrukturella förändringar.

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Hsueh, Yu-Ting. "Frontiers of optical networking technologies: millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber and 100g transport system for next-generation high-data-rate applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43681.

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The enabling technologies and the issues of next-generation millimeter-wave wireless access network and 100G long-haul optical transport network were developed and identified. To develop a simple and cost-effective millimeter-wave optical-wireless system, all-round research on the technical challenges of optical millimeter-wave generation, transmission impairments compensation, and simple base station design were discussed. Several radio-over-fiber systems were designed to simultaneously deliver multi-band wireless services on a single optical infrastructure, enabling converged system control and quality maintenance in central office. For the 100G optical transport network, the issues related to successful implementations of transmitter, fiber link, and receiver of a 112-Gb/s polarization-division multiplexing-quadrature phase shift keying (PDM-QPSK) system were comprehensively explored. The experimental results based on the constructed 112-Gb/s testbed indicated that careful dispersion management can effectively increase nonlinearity tolerance. Furthermore, the special emphasis on the two impairments of the 100G network with reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers: passband narrowing and in-band crosstalk, was studied. The results demonstrated that these impairments can be readily predicted with proper experimental and simulation efforts.

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Nyflött, Åsa. "Structural Studies and Modelling of Oxygen Transport in Barrier Materials for Food Packaging." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34468.

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The requirements of food packages are to ensure food safety and quality, to minimize spoilage, and to provide an easy way to store and handle food. To meet these demands for fibre-based food packages, barrier coatings are generally used to regulate the amount of gases entering a package, as some gases are detrimental to food quality. Oxygen, for example, initiates lipid oxidation in fatty foods. Bakery products may also be sensitive to oxygen. This thesis focused on mass transport of oxygen in order to gain deeper knowledge in the performance of barrier coatings and to develop means to optimize the performance of barrier coatings. This experimental study along with computer modelling characterized the structure of barrier materials with respect to the mass transport process.This project was performed as part of the multidisciplinary industrial graduate school VIPP (www.kau.se/en/vipp) - Values Created in Fibre Based Processes and Products – at Karlstad University, with the financial support from the Knowledge Foundation, Sweden, and Stora Enso.

Artikel 2 "The influence of clay orientation..." ingick som manuskript i avhandlingen, då med titeln: "Influence of clay orientation in dispersion barrier coatings on oxygen permeation". Nu publicerad.

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Thelander, Jens, and Victor Pettersson. "Implementation of Procurement 4.0 Technologies : A systematic content analysis on implementation factors." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104327.

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Procurement 4.0 is the integration of Industry 4.0 related technologies into the procurement process, making tasks automated, information gathering and communication more effective, while establishing interconnected networks. After noticing a lack of studies done on the implementation of Procurement 4.0, the purpose of this article became to close the theoretical gap and extend the understanding of the implementation of Procurement 4.0. The study is done as a systematic content analysis, with the basis in a systematic literature review. Two areas of interest were studied and evaluated, identified effects on the procurement process by implementing Procurement 4.0, and identified Industry 4.0 implementation factors. Altogether, 14 studies were analyzed and evaluated and later put against each other to conclude Procurement 4.0 implementation factors. This study identified the need for managerial support and interaction with the employees, as an important part of the implementation phase. There are also a few factors that are not affected, regardless of if the implementation is concerning Industry 4.0 or Procurement 4.0.

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Sabbani, Imad. "Optimisation du trafic routier par des modèles distribués à base d'agents embarqués utilisant les technologies des objets connectés." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD023.

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Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons à l’étude et la résolution de problèmes d’optimisation dans le domaine du transport. Le problème fondamental est de déterminer le plus court chemin à effectuer à travers un ou plusieurs modes de transport d’un point A vers un point B. Au cours des deux dernières décennies, les chaines logistiques soulèvent un grand nombre de problèmes combinatoires avec des enjeux économiques et environnementaux importants à résoudre: problèmes d’ordonnancement, problèmes de tournées de véhicules, problème de routage de véhicules... Ce travail de recherche a pour objectif d’identifier et de lever certains verrous scientifiques sur la modélisation et l’optimisation de ces problèmes. Deux méthodes originales sont présentées dans ce manuscrit. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons un algorithme d’optimisation par méta-heuristiques, pour orienter les véhicules à prendre la bonne décision de choisir le parcours optimal et de favoriser la fluidité du trafic. La modélisation de notre système est basée sur une nouvelle architecture distribuée des systèmes multi-agents et un nouveau protocole de communication. Notre système se base sur une fonction multi-objective avec plusieurs paramètres (i.e. densité, vitesse, nombre de voiture, ...).Le recueil de ces données joue un rôle important afin de s’assurer de l’applicabilité et de l’efficacité de notre solution. Nous proposons un algorithme de réseaux de neurones convolutionels profonds afin d’obtenir l’état du trafic en temps réel. La deuxième partie de notre thèse s’intéresse à une nouvelle politique de mobilité exigée par la croissance de la taille des réseaux et les évolutions technologiques en transport: la plannification des chaînes d’activité quotidiennes dans un contexte multimodal. Le choix modal du transport consiste à utiliser successivement un ou plusieurs modes de transport. Nous proposons un algorithme de colonies de fourmis avec les fenêtres temporelles tout en adoptant un nouveau concept de flexibilité. L’introduction de cet aspect induit de nouveaux défis et de nouvelles contraintes auxquelles il faut répondre.Pour chaque problématique, des expériences sont réalisées afin d’évaluer la performance de nos approches de résolution sur des instances de littérature
In this thesis we present some models of optimization problems in transportation field; The fundamental problem is to define the shortest path bewteen two points through one or many modes of transport. Over the past two decades, logistics chains have raised a large number of combinatorial problems with important economic and environmental issues to be solved: scheduling problems, rooting vehicles, monitoring trafic ... Two original methods are presented in this thesis. First, we propose a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, to guide the vehicles to make the right decision to choose the optimal route and to promote traffic fluidity. The modeling of our system is based on a new distributed architecture of multi-agent systems and a new communication protocol. Our system is based on a multi-objective function with several parameters (i.e. density, speed, number of cars, ...). The collection of this data plays an important role in ensuring the applicability and effectiveness of our solution.We propose a deep convolutional neural network algorithm to obtain real-time traffic status. The second part of our thesis focuses on a new policy of mobility required by the growth of network size and new high technological developments in transport : the planning of daily activity chains in a multimodal context. The modal choice of transport consists in successively using one or more modes of transport. We propose the ant colony algorithm with time windows involving a new concept of flexibility. The introduction of this aspect introduces new challenges and new constraints that must be resolved.For each problem, experiments are carried out in order to evaluate the performance of our approaches on literature instances. In particular, our algorithms have improved the results obtained by the best existing approaches

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Karlsson, Anna, and Linda Malyk. "Högkapacitetstransporter : En utvärdering av två alternativa transportlösningar med avseende på effektivitet och miljöpåverkan." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12734.

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Godstransporter ökar i takt med att utrikeshandeln växer, vilket bidrar till utsläpp av växthusgaser. Hållbar utveckling och miljö är viktiga faktorer i dagens samhälle vilket gör att det ställs krav på nya och innovativa transportlösningar. Ett alternativ att bemöta dessa krav är genom högkapacitetstranporter, som i dagsläget testas, utförs och forskas kring frekvent i Sverige. Högkapacitetstransport avser lastbilsfordon som är längre och/eller tyngre än dagens konventionella lastbil som har fått dispens att trafikera vissa zoner på det svenska vägnätet. Denna studie baseras på att utvärdera två intermodala transportlösningar för transport av gods på sträckan mellan Göteborgs hamn och Viared, Borås. Den ena transportlösningen baseras på högkapacitetstransport och den andra baseras på en järnvägsbaserad transportlösning. De alternativa transportlösningarna utvärderas med avseende på effektivitet omfattande transportkostnad, flexibilitet och tid samt miljöpåverkan omfattande koldioxidutsläpp genom en fallstudie.Slutsatserna har resulterat i att högkapacitetstransport genererar en högre transporteffektivitet jämfört med dagens dragbil som trafikerar den utpekade vägsträckan i fallstudien. I brist på material har inga konkreta kostnader kunnat beräknats för de olika transportlösningarna. Däremot kunde en slutsats dras kring att de alternativa transportlösningarna ej bör uppgå till en högre kostnad än vad dagens transportlösning genererar. Ur miljösynpunkt har koldioxidutsläpp för de olika transportlösningarna beräknats. Implementeras hela vägsträckan med högkapacitetstransport har resultatet gällande koldioxidutsläpp genererat i en minskning med 30,6 procent jämfört med dagens dragbil. Däremot visade studien att järnvägstransporten vinner miljömässiga fördelar då den jämfört med dragbilen som trafikerar vägsträckan idag reducerar utsläppen med 80,4 procent. Dock visar koldioxidutsläppet i den intermodala järnvägslösningen att vägtransporterna bidrar med 98 procent av utsläppen.Denna studie väger för- och nackdelar gentemot varandra för en implementering av högkapacitetstransport. Högkapacitetstransporten jämförs även gentemot järnvägens för- och nackdelar vid transport av containergods. Studien bidrar dessutom till att stärka och reflektera över tidigare publicerade studier som finns inom ämnet.
Freight transport increases as foreign trade grows, which contributes to greenhouse gas emission. Sustainable development and the environment are important factors in today's society, which imposes demands on new and innovative transport solutions. One way of meeting these demands is through high capacity transports, which are currently being tested, performed and researched frequently in Sweden. High capacity transport refers to truck vehicles that are longer and/or heavier than today's conventional truck that has been given the dispensation to traffic certain areas on the Swedish road network. This study is based on evaluating two intermodal transport solutions for the carriage of goods on the route between Port of Gothenburg and Viared, Borås. One transport solution is based on high capacity transport and the other is based on a rail-based transport solution. Through a case study, the alternative transport solutions are evaluated based on efficiency, including transportation costs, flexibility and time, and the environmental impact including CO2 emissions.The conclusions have resulted in high capacity transport generating a higher transport efficiency compared with today's truck that operates the designated road distance in the case study. In lack of material, no concrete costs have been calculated for the various transport solutions. On the other hand, a conclusion could be drawn that alternative transport solutions should not be at a higher cost than today's transport solution results in. From an environmental point of view, CO2 emissions for the various transport solutions have been calculated. Implementing the entire road haulage with high capacity transport has resulted in a reduction of CO2 emissions by 30,6 percent compared to the current truck. On the other hand, the study showed that rail transport wins environmental benefits, as compared to the truck that carries the route today, emissions reduce by 80,4 percent. However, CO2 emissions in the intermodal railroad solution show that road transport contributes 98 percent of emissions.This study weighs strengths and weaknesses towards each other for the implementation of high capacity transport on the designated route. High capacity transport is also set against the railroad with pros and cons of transporting container goods. The study also contributes to strengthening and reflecting the theory from previously published studies within the subject.

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Mermet, Eric. "Aide à l'exploration des propriétés structurelles d'un réseau de transport : conception d'un modèle pour l'analyse, la visualisation et l'exploration d'un réseau de transport." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1037.

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Un réseau de transport est un objet géographique complexe possédant plusieurs dimensions : géométrique, topologique, métrique et relationnelle. À partir de ces dimensions, il est possible d'effectuer une analyse se situant entre l'analyse descriptive des composantes issues des bases de données et l'analyse fonctionnelle reposant sur des paramètres anthropiques. Cette analyse dite structurelle permet de mettre en évidence certaines propriétés du réseau sans contexte d'usage. Elle est basée sur la construction et l'analyse d'indicateurs basés sur les relations proposées par le réseau : les indicateurs relationnels. Ils mettent en évidence ses potentialités relationnelles ; c'est à dire en quoi celui-ci par sa structure etl'organisation spatiale et topologique de ses composantes prédispose à la mise en relation plus ou moins aisée de lieux de l'espace. Notre travail consiste en la conception d'un modèle pour l'analyse et l'exploration des propriétés structurelles d'un réseau de transport. Ce type d'analyse engendre une complexité combinatoire liée au nombre de relations sur le réseau, une complexité algorithmique liée aux calculs des indicateurs et une complexité visuelle liée à la difficulté de mettre en valeur des informations. Le modèle proposé vise à faciliter à l'utilisateur l'analyse exploratoire des propriétés structurelles du réseau par la création de cartes exploratoires. Notre modèle comprend deux parties. La première permet de réaliser des cartes statiques d'exploration. La seconde permet la combinaison visuelle de cartes en s'appuyant sur un langage graphique. Les deux aspects du modèle ont été développés dans un prototype logiciel baptisé GeoGraphLab
A transportation network is a complex spatial system characterized by four dimension types : geometric, topological, metric and relational. Thanks to these dimensions, it is possible to perform analysis situated in between the descriptive analysis of components from databases and functional analysis based on anthropogenic parameters. This analysis called structural helps to emphasize some properties of the network without usage context. It is established on the construction and analysis of indicators based on the relationship generated by the network: the relational indicators. They highlight their relational possibilities ; ie how their structure and spatial organization and topology of their components predispose to connect places in space in more or less easy way. Our work consists of designing a model for analysis and exploration of the structural properties of a transportation network. This type of analysis leads to a combinatorial complexity related to the number of relationships within the network, algorithmic complexity related to the calculation of indicators and visual complexity related to the difficulty to emphasize information. The proposed model aims to supply the user with the exploratory analysis of structural properties of the network by creating exploratory maps. Our model is composed of two parts. The first one allows to prepare static maps of exploration. The second one enables the visual combination of maps based on a graphic language. Both aspects of the model were developed in a prototype software called GeoGraphLab

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Furehed, Gustav, and Patrik Lanfelt. "Kan inrikessjöfarten vara en del i att nå Sveriges klimatmål? : -En fallstudie i olika transportsätts miljöpåverkan." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95270.

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Arbetet med att minska människans utsläpp av växthusgaser är en fråga som är högaktuell idag. Transportsektorn är den sektor som har näst störst klimatpåverkan inom EU-området. För att minska transportsektorns klimatpåverkan anser EU-kommissionen att en del av det gods som idag går på väg behöver flyttas till tåg eller sjö för att nå EU:s miljömål. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka skillnaden av växthusgasutsläpp för transport av containrar beroende på transportsätt på sträckan Göteborg till Stockholm. De undersökta transportsätten var lastbil, godståg och containerfartyg. Studien använde en empirisk fallstudie där växthusgasutsläpp beräknades utifrån empiriska bränsleförbruknings data. Fallstudien kompletterades med en intervju från en person med stor erfarenhet av godstransporter på sträckan. Resultatet av undersökningen är att järnvägens miljöverkan är minst, men för tidskänsligt gods är fortfarande vägtransport det effektivaste transportslaget. För att sjöfart ska vara ett miljömässigt alternativ måste anpassningar av fartyg och/eller drift göras.
The work to reduce greenhouse emissions created by humans is a question that is highly relevant today. The transport sector is the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the European Union. To reduce the greenhouse emissions from the transport sector the EU commission has said that some of the freight that currently is being transported by road must move to rail or sea transport in order to reach EU environmental targets. The scope of this study is to compare the greenhouse emissions based on fuel consumption from domestic container transport between Gothenburg and Stockholm. The different modes of transports studied were trucks, freight train and container ship. The study was conducted using an empirical case study to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions using empirical fuel consumption data. The case study was supplemented by an interview with a person with great insight in the transport business. The result from the study shows that from an environmental perspective container transport by rail should be used. Transport by road is still the best means of transport for time sensitive cargo. If transport by sea is to be an environmental option, there has to be adjustments on either ships or management or both.

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Zaoralová, Lenka. "City logistika a problémy velkých aglomerací - New York City." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4572.

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The main goal of the diploma thesis is to describe and evaluate the form of city logistics and transportation services in New York City and to define related basic problems. The theoratical part focuses on the general background of distribution processes, logistics technologies based on transport and city logistics in general. Then in the practical part there is commented the status and trends in personal, freight transport, distribution and storage of goods in New York region, the largest problems of transportation services in aglomeration and strategies of their solution. The conclusion contains the summary and recommendations.

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Artola, Laurent. "Étude et modélisation des mécanismes de transport et de collection de charges dédiées à la prédiction de SEE dans les technologies fortement intégrées." Toulouse, ISAE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ESAE0025.

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L'environnement radiatif naturel est connu pour être une source de disfonctionnement en microélectronique depuis de nombreuses années. Des particules telles que des neutrons, protons, ions lourds, ont été identifiées comme responsable d'erreurs de fonctionnement (SEE) dans des composants? Il est primordial pour les acteurs du domaine spatial et avionique de pouvoir évaluer ce risque. C'est dans ce contexte qu'une nouvelle méthodologie de prédiction est proposée afin d'estimer le taux opérationnel d'erreurs vis-àvis du risque SEE dans des composants toujours plus intégrés embarqués en vol. Des travaux TCAD ont permis d'identifier les mécanismes physiques de transport / collection et de déterminer les paramètres technologiques critiques qui influent sur le comportement des transistors MOS. Ces travaux démontrent qu'il est indispensable de modéliser dynamiquement le coefficient de diffusion ambipolaire et la vitesse de collection. C'est sur la base de ces travaux que le modèle ADDICT (Advanced Dynamic Diffusion Collection Transient) a été proposé. Une partie significative des travaux s'est focalisée sur la validation de ce modèle de courant transitoire par des comparaisons avec des données expérimentales et de simulations TCAD. Afin d'étudier les SEU / MBU, un nouveau critère de basculement a été proposé, le couplage de ce critère ADDICT constituant une nouvelle méthode de prédiction. Cette méthode a été confrontée avec des sections efficaces expérimentales issues de la littérature ou bien de campagnes de test (mémoires SRAM de 0. 25 µm à 65 nm). Enfin, le modèle ADDICT a été évalué dans le cadre d'expériences embarquées en ballon de mémoires SRAM 90 nm commercial Cypress. Cette phase a permis de démontrer la pertinence d'ADDICT dans le cas opérationnel
Natural radiative environment is known to induce functional errors in electronics. Particles, such as neutrons, protons or heavy ions are known to induce these errors in electronic devices so called SEE (Single Event Effects). It's critical for industrial and space agencies to evaluate this risk. In this context, a new methodology of prediction is proposed in order to stimate the operational error rate for integrated devices boarded in space or avionic flights. Preliminary TCAD simulations lead to identify the physical mechanisms of transport and charges collection and lead to determine the critical technological parameters which impact the behaviour of the MOS transistor. These works emphasize the necessity to take into account the dynamic modeling of ambipolar diffusion velocity. Based on these works, the ADDICT model (Advanced Dynamic Diffusion Collection Transient) has been proposed. The main part of this work is focus on the validation of the transient current model by comparisons with experimental results ans TCAD simulations. In order to study the SEU and MBU events, a new upset criterion used with ADDICT leads to propose a new prediction methodology. This methodology has been compared with experimental cross sections issued from literature and tests campaign (for various SRAM memories from 0. 25 µm to 65 nm). Finally the ADDICT model has been evaluated for operational experiments. Actually, commercial SRAM memories (90 nm Cypress) has been boarded on stratospheric balloons. This last work shows the relevant operational prediction proposed by ADDICT

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Burget, Cyril. "Gestion des flux de l'information dans un espace semi-public : l'usage des nouvelles technologies dans le métro parisien." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100093.

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Notre travail comprend trois études : une étude qualitative et une observation ethnographique permettent de confronter les usages de la téléphonie mobile dans le métro parisien et de voir comment se construisent les seuils de sociabilité à travers l'objet du mobile. Elles s’efforcent d’analyser les pratiques de l’"habiter" et les stratégies de connexion des utilisateurs. Une troisième étude orientée cette fois-ci sur l’organisation et la gestion de l’exploitation de la station "Saint-Marcel" rend compte des modifications de logique et d’accueil attendues sur l’ensemble du réseau souterrain ferré dans les prochaines années, ceci à travers la présentation exhaustive des composants de la dite station. Elle permet de préciser comment les relations entre les espaces publics, privés et virtuels s'imbriquent et d'interroger la mise en scène des composants techniques et humains autour des impératifs: sécuriser, informer, surveiller, et punir
Our work is divided in three studies : a qualitative study and an ethnographic observation allow us to confront the usage of mobile communication in the Parisian metropolitan and to see how sociability thresholds are built through mobile telephone. The studies analyse the "residential" uses and the users connexion strategies. A third study, focusing on the management and running of the Saint-Marcel station, accounts for the modifications of strategy and users reception on the entire underground network expected to happen in the next few years. This is done, through an exhaustive presentation of the components of that particular station. The presentation allows us to define how the relationships between public, private and virtual spaces come together and to question the setup of technical and human components around four imperatives: to secure, to inform, to supervise and to punish

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Begen, Ali C. "Enhancing the Multimedia Experience in Emerging Networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14010.

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As multimedia processing and networking technologies, products and services evolve, the number of users communicating, collaborating and entertaining over the IP networks is growing rapidly. With the emergence of pervasive and ubiquitous multimedia services, this proliferation creates an abundant increase in the amount of the Internet backbone traffic. This brings the problem of efficient transmission of real-time and time-sensitive media content to the fore. Effective multimedia services demand appropriate application-specific and media-aware solutions, without which the full benefits of such services will not be realized. Poor approaches often lead to system performance degradations such as unacceptable presentation quality perceived by the users, possible network collapses due to the high-bandwidth nature of the multimedia applications, and poor performance observed by other data-oriented applications due to the unresponsiveness of multimedia flows. From a networking perspective, traditional approaches consider the application data as "sacred" and do not differentiate any part of it from the rest. While this keeps the data-delivery mechanisms, namely, the transport-layer protocols, as plain as possible, it also precludes these mechanisms from interpreting the media content and tailoring their actions according to the importance of the content. Given that this naive approach cannot satisfy the specific needs of each and every one of the today's emerging applications ranging from videotelephony to video-on-demand, from distance education to telemedicine, from remote surveillance to online video gaming, the study of Multimedia Transport Protocols (MMTP) is overdue. An MMTP solution basically integrates the multimedia content information into the responsible data-delivery mechanisms along with the requirements of the invoking application and network characteristics to deliver the highest level of service quality. In other words, an MMTP solution offers a unified environment where all cooperating protocol components interact with each other and make the best use of this collaboration to fulfill their respective duties. The focus of this thesis is on the design and evaluation of a set of end-to-end and system-level MMTP solutions for scalable, reliable, and high quality multimedia services in ever-changing, complex and heterogeneous computing and communication environments.

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Gudymenko, Ivan [Verfasser], Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Schill, Simone [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer-Hübner, and Katrin [Akademischer Betreuer] Borcea-Pfitzmann. "Privacy-preserving E-ticketing Systems for Public Transport Based on RFID/NFC Technologies / Ivan Gudymenko. Gutachter: Alexander Schill ; Simone Fischer-Hübner ; Katrin Borcea-Pfitzmann." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1073206866/34.

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Albrecht, Thomas, Birgit Jaekel, and Martin Lehnert. "Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems 2013." TUDpress, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34054.

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Challenges arising from an increasing traffic demand, limited resource availability and growing quality expectations of the customers can only be met successfully, if each transport mode is regarded as an intelligent transportation system itself, but also as part of one intelligent transportation system with “intelligent” intramodal and intermodal interfaces. This topic is well reflected in the Third International Conference on “Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems” which took place in Dresden 2013 (previous editions: Rome 2009, Leuven 2011). With its variety of traffic management problems that can be solved using similar methods and technologies, but with application specific models, objective functions and constraints the conference stands for an intensive exchange between theory and practice and the presentation of case studies for all transport modes and gives a discussion forum for control engineers, computer scientists, mathematicians and other researchers and practitioners. The present book comprises fifty short papers accepted for presentation at the Third Edition of the conference. All submissions have undergone intensive reviews by the organisers of the special sessions, the members of the scientific and technical advisory committees and further external experts in the field. Like the conference itself the proceedings are structured in twelve streams: the more model-oriented streams of Road-Bound Public Transport Management, Modelling and Control of Urban Traffic Flow, Railway Traffic Management in four different sessions, Air Traffic Management, Water Traffic and Traffic and Transit Assignment, as well as the technology-oriented streams of Floating Car Data, Localisation Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Image Processing in Transportation. With this broad range of topics this book will be of interest to a number of groups: ITS experts in research and industry, students of transport and control engineering, operations research and computer science. The case studies will also be of interest for transport operators and members of traffic administration.

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Granlund, Anna, Linnea Alm, and Sofia Magnusson. "Utvärdering av informationsutbyte vid konsolidering och de-konsolidering av stora mängder god." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12623.

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Vid en hypotetisk torrhamn i Viared där HCT-fordon förväntas användas kommer bådekonsolidering och de-konsolidering att förekomma. Den ökade kapacitet som är möjlig attlasta på ett HCT fordon, jämfört med ett normalt fordon, bidrar till att det är mer gods somska de-konsolideras vid ankomst till terminal. För att gods inte skall bli stående på terminalenkrävs ett tydligt informationsutbyte, vilket det inte finns mycket studier kring kopplat till HCTtransporter.Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka informationsutbyte vid konsolidering och dekonsolidering.Arbetet kommer utgå ifrån frågeställningen om hur ett effektivt kaninformationsutbyte skapas i samband med stora volymer av gods.En av slutsatserna som kan dras efter fallstudien på Kerry Logistics är att en ökad mängd godsendast kommer bidra till volymproblem, främst i form av resursbrist. Det skulle därför intevara svårare ur ett HCT-perspektiv, utan ju mer gods som kommer samtidigt desto störretryck blir det på informationsutbytet.Att ligga steget före med informationsutbytet vid hantering och planering av stora mängdergods framgår också vara av stor vikt. Med nödvändig information tillgänglig vid rätt tillfälleeffektiviseras informationsutbytet. Olika åsikter och uppfattningar kring vilken informationsom klassas som nödvändig och önskvärd har gjort det svårt att dra slutsatser kring de berördainformationsattributens roll. Goda affärsrelationer har däremot visat sig spela en stor roll vidett effektivt informationsutbyte.
At a hypothetical dry port in Viared where HCT-vehicles are expected to be used, bothconsolidation and de-consolidation will occur. The increased capacity of freight that ispossible to load on a HCT-vehicle, compared to a normal vehicle, contributes to the fact thatthere is more freight to be de-consolidated on arrival at the terminal. In order for goods not tobe left at the terminal, a clear exchange of information is required as there is not much studiesrelated to HCT-transport. The purpose of the thesis is to explore the information exchangerelated to consolidation and de-consolidation of goods.One of the conclusions that can be drawn from the case study at Kerry Logistics is that anincreased amount of goods only will contribute to problems related to volume, primarily inlack of resources. The informations exchange will not be more difficult from an HCTperspective, but when greater amount of freight arrives at the same time the pressure willincrease on the information exchange.To be ahead of the information exchange when it comes to handling and planninglarger amounts of goods is also important. With the necessary information available at theright time, the information exchange will be more efficient. Different opinions andperceptions about what information that should be classified as necessary and/or desirable hasmade it difficult to draw conclusions about the role of the relevant information attributes.Good business relations on the other hand, have proven to play a major role in order to createefficient information exchange.

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GORDOS, PYGMALION-ALEXANDROS, and JONAS BULOVAS. "The importance of supplier information quality in purchasing of transport services." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Marknadsföring och Entreprenörskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236510.

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An important prerequisite for successful supply chain integration is the ability to convert data into information combined with structured storing and sharing processes. The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate potential relation between supplier data quality and performance of purchasing of transport services. The output of the thesis generates evidence about the imperative to emphasize on the supplier data quality throughout the supplier selection process. A supplier data quality assessment framework consisting of 4 dimensions - ease of manipulation, accessibility, accuracy and completeness, is developed as the core product of this research project. The weights of these dimensions were assigned specifically for the case company - Cramo, to determine the quality score for a selected sample of carriers. A coefficient k1 representing the ratio of transport expenditure over sales was introduced to facilitate the identification of relation between supplier data quality and transport expenditure. Business units served by transport companies with higher quality data displayed a lower k1, consequently, paying less for the transport services in comparison to their revenue than business units served by carriers with lower data quality score. The framework developed is adaptable - dimensions and metrics can be added or excluded according to situational factors and case peculiarities. The application of the supplier data quality assessment framework allows for a more objective and streamlined supplier selection. It stresses on the overall costs experienced during the period of cooperation. The finding regarding the importance of supplier data quality in purchasing of transport services can be nonetheless generalized for other cases when companies strive for achieving better informed strategic decisions.
En viktig förutsättning för framgångsrik integration av leverantörskedjor ligger i förmågan att omvandla data till information, kombinerat med en strukturerad lagrings- och delningsprocess. Syftet med denna masteruppsats är att undersöka potentiell relation mellan leverantörers datakvalitet och hur effektivt inköpet av transporttjänsterna är. Utfallet av uppsatsen understryker vikten av att beakta leverantörers datakvalitet i alla delar av en upphandling. Som produkt av denna uppsats har en utvärderingsmall för leverantörers datakvalitet utvecklats. Den består av fyra dimensioner – Hanterbarhet, tillgänglighet, noggrannhet samt fullständighet. De olika dimensionerna är viktade specifikt för det studerade företaget – Cramo, för att fastslå kvalitetsindex för ett urval av deras transportörer. En koefficient - k1- infördes för att representera förhållandet mellan transportkostnad och försäljning. Detta för att underlätta identifieringen av potentiell relation mellan datakvalitet och transportkostnad. Depåer vars transportörer kunde uppvisa en högre datakvalitet hade ett lägre koefficientvärde (k1). Alltså fanns ett samband mellan hög datakvalitet och lägre transportkostnad i förhållande till försäljning. Den utvecklade bedömningsmallen är anpassningsbar – dimensioner och mått kan enkelt adderas eller elimineras utifrån rådande omständigheter i varje fall. Bedömningsmallen ger möjlighet till en mer objektiv och harmoniserad leverantörsbedömning. Mallen understryker även vikten av att beakta den totala kostnaden under avtalstiden. Kunskapen från denna uppsats kring vikten av datakvalitet gällande just transportinköp kan även generaliseras till andra fall där företag strävar mot bättre informerade strategiska beslut.

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Bucevičius, Tomas. "Transporto logistikos sistemų nuotolinių studijų aplinka." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050530_101600-48126.

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The setting of remote education of the logistics systems of transport The society of Lithuania must manfully accept all the challenges of the modern world, to develop the interactive social contacts and to create “info – society” living in the 21th century. It should be declare a right to choose the configuration of studies for every citizen who wants to enhance or change the qualification, to improve professional skills and etc. Remote education system is maintained by the integration of informatics technologies to the education process. The most important feature of these studies is the accumulation of the printed, sound and vision information that helps to create the system of communication for people who are restricted by time and space. It’s very actual education system for the informal adults training. The logistics systems of transport are one of the functional instruments which could exist in the global contestable market. The practice of logistics guideline in the system of transport let to organize the control of material flows and other components. The created logistics system of transport for the managers of transport remit is dedicated to the alleviation of their job. It was prepared original training material in order to check the formation of user skills. The features of program: it was created data base which included the list of the transport companies, itineraries and means of locomotion. Also it was marked the class, type and other parameters of the... [to full text]

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Moberg, Olivia, and Jennie Marke. "Transporteffektivitet i avskilda transportsystem med hänsyn till säsongsvariation." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12767.

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Denna kandidatuppsats behandlar förslag på hur transporteffektivitet kan ökas med hänsyn tillsäsongsvariation i ett avskilt system. Ämnesområdet för uppsatsen är distribution och logistik.Uppsatsen har utförts i samarbete med Orust Kretsloppsakademi, Orust kommun och företag iOrust kommun.I syfte att ge förslag på hur transporteffektiviteten kan ökas i Orust kommun har olika sätt attutforma ett transportsystem studerats och utvärderats i termer av de fyraeffektivitetsvariablerna tid, kostnad, flexibilitet och miljö.Det avskilda system tillika avgränsning för uppsatsen som har studerats är vägtransporterinom Orust kommun. Det innebär att transporter till och från Orust kommun är exkluderadefrån studien. Uppsatsen inleddes med att studera teori kring de fyra effektivitetsvariablerna,transporteffektivisering och transportplanering. Därefter utformades en enkät som användessom grund och diskussionsunderlag till datainsamlingen. I enkäten ställdes frågor kringmarknadsvariation, flexibilitet, ledtider, samlastning samt möjligheter och begränsningar vidsamlastning. Enkäten besvarades av totalt 19 lokala företag. Komplettering av enkäten ochytterligare diskussion samlades in i form av mailintervjuer. Resultatet visade att det fannsutmaningar och hinder i arbetet att ge förslag till att öka transporteffektiviteten i Orustkommun. Det framkom ur svaren att tid var den effektivitetsvariabel som var av störst vikt närdet togs beslut om transporter inom Orust kommun. Av de olika sätt att utforma etttransportsystem på som presenterades var direkttransporter det alternativ som var mesttidseffektivt. De huvudsakliga nackdelarna med direkttransporter var att kostnaden blev högreoch miljöpåverkan större. Av denna anledning valde gruppen att kombinera två olikatransportupplägg för att hitta en så optimal lösning som möjligt utifrån avgränsningarna.Kombinationen som föreslogs var direkttransporter och mjölkrunda. Fördelarna medmjölkrunda är detsamma som nackdelarna hos direkttransporter. Kombinationen ger därmeden möjlighet för avsändare och mottagare att överväga vilken av de fyraeffektivitetsvariablerna som är viktigast utifrån enskild situation och typ av vara eller godsoch blir på så sätt situations- och företagsanpassat. Under sommartid då befolkningen ökar tillföljd av turism så tillåts företagen genom att kombinera de två transportsätten att anpassatransporterna till situationen på vägarna. Kombinationen tappar sitt syfte om direkttransporteranvänds betydligt mer än mjölkrunda.Projektgruppen stötte under arbetets gång på utmaningar med validitet och reliabilitet vilkethar diskuterats under avsnittet diskussion.
This bachelor thesis examines present suggestions for increase of transport efficiencyconsidering seasonality in a secluded system and subject area of the thesis is distribution andlogistics. The thesis was conducted in cooperation with Orust Kretsloppsakademi, OrustCounty and local companies on Orust.Different ways to design a transport system in consideration to the four efficiency variablestime, cost, flexibility and environment was evaluated with the purpose to increase thetransport efficiency. The studied system was road transport within Orust County, this was alsoone of the delimitations. It means that transports going outside of Orust County or arriving toOrust were excluded from the thesis. It all started with studying the theory of the efficiencyvariables, transport efficiency and transport planning, then a survey was designed to use asbase and discussion for the data collection. The purpose of the survey was to investigate thecurrent market variation, flexibility, lead times consolidation and identify possibilities as wellas challenges. The survey was answered by 17 local companies. Further data collection wascollected in terms of interviews. The result from the survey showed that there were somechallenges in designing an efficient transport system. The responses also showed that timewere the most critical variable when it came to local transport. Among the presented transportsystems, direct transports were the most time effective choice. However it increased thenegative impact on costs and the environment significantly. For this reason a combination oftwo different transport planning options was presented. The presented resolution was directtransports in combination with milk runs. The advantages with milk runs are equal to thedisadvantages with direct transport. Therefore the combination give the possibility for theshipper and consignee to make a tradeoff between time and flexibility and environment andcost based on the current shipping needs for specific goods at a specific time. During summerwhen the loads and passability on the roads increases due to tourism the combination of directtransports and milk runs can be used to adjusted to the situation on the roads. Thecombination loses its purpose if the direct transport is used more frequently than the milk run.The project group encountered some issues with validity and reliability which is discussed inthe discussion chapter of the thesis.

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Al-Dabbas, Khaled. "Analysis of GHG emissions reduction from road transport: a case study of the German passenger vehicles." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150138.

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Transportation and energy play an essential role in modern society. Since the Industrial Revolution, fossil fuels have enabled great advancements in human society. Within this process, Internal Combustion Engines Vehicles (ICEVs) played a significant role in guaranteeing reliable and affordable long-distance transportation. However, the subsequent increase of the Motorized Private Transport resulted in undesired effects such as pollution. One instrument in reducing the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions of the transport sector is to shift from the conventional ICEVs toward zero local emission vehicles. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are being promoted worldwide as a suitable powertrain technology that could replace the ICEVs. However, unless combined with electricity from renewable generation technologies the EVs will not effectively reduce GHG emissions. Through the simulation of future transport and energy sector scenarios in Germany, the GHG emission reductions have been analyzed. Techno-economic and environmental characteristics for several powertrain technologies under several vehicles charging strategies are evaluated. The thesis explores the impact of charging EVs on the electrical grid. The result show that EVs using smart charging strategies that support Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) are capable of fulfilling mobility needs of users while providing substantial flexibility to the electrical grid. Such flexibility can facilitate the future expansion of non-dispatchable Renewable Energy Sources (RES).

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Hani, Sami. "Byggmetod, energianvändning, transport : vid jämförelse mellan Gävle Strands Etapp 2 och Maskinisten." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15866.

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SAMMANFATTNING Energianvändning under produktion av nya byggnader är en aspekt på den angelägna miljöfrågan, men än saknas både regleringar och undersökningar. I denna studie görs en jämförelse av energianvändning och utsläpp vid byggnation och transport av byggmaterial för två nybyggda hus ägda av Gavlegårdarna AB på Sjåaregatan 19 och Maskinistgatan 19: Gävle. Strand Etapp 2 kallas projektet på Sjåaregatan 19 och Maskinisten kallas projektet på Maskinistgatan 19 i denna undersökning. Målet för studien har varit att fastställa vilket av dessa två projekt som har haft lägst energianvändning samt utsläpp av växthusgaser vid resningstillfället, dvs. under projektens produktionsskeden. Maskinisten och Gävle Strand Etapp 2 skiljer sig åt på främst två punkter: Gävle Strand Etapp 2 är prefabricerat och har trästomme och Maskinisten är platsbyggt och har betongstomme. Metoden har varit att utgå ifrån en funktionell enhet som gäller för bägge projekten för att kunna göra en bedömning av vilket av projekten som har haft lägst energianvändning respektive utsläpp. Den funktionella enheten har valts till en lägenhet för att få värden som är enkla att relatera till. Vid beräkningarna har energianvändningen delats upp i tre delar: energianvändningen på fabrik (endast för det prefabricerade projektet), vid transport av byggnadsmaterial och produkter samt energianvändning på byggarbetsplats. Utsläppen har beräknats endast utifrån transportsträckan och val av lastbil vid transport av material och moduler. För de två projekten syns vid jämförelse av energianvändning en tydlig skillnad. Det prefabricerade huset, Gävle Strand Etapp 2 kräver betydligt mer energi vid tillverkning, ca 160 %, jämfört med det platsbyggda Maskinisten. Även om energianvändningen vid transport, som är en stor del av den totala energianvändningen för Gävle Strand Etapp 2, bortses ifrån vid jämförelsen har projektet fortfarande en energianvändning som är ca 25 % högre än värdet för Maskinisten. Utsläppen som sker vid transport av dieseldrivna lastbilar som använts vid projekten har beräknats för respektive lastbilstyper och sträcka. Gävle Strand Etapp 2 är även projektet med de högre utsläppen, och vid jämförelse med en tidigare studie tycks det som att mängden utsläpp främst beror av transportsträckan och inte på om det forslas som färdiga moduler eller som löst byggmaterial. För att vidare fastställa vilka för- och nackdelar de olika byggmetoderna har, har ett flertal intervjuer gjorts med bland annat projektledare från de olika projekten. Den främsta fördelen med prefabricerat anses vara den förkortade byggtiden och en effektivare arbetsprocess oberoende av årstid, medan den prefabricerade metoden å andra sidan är oflexibel i jämförelse med den platsbyggda. Sett enbart till energianvändning och utsläpp, som varit huvudfrågan i denna studie, är det dock tydligt att Maskinisten är projektet med minst miljöpåverkan, under produktionsskedet.
ABSTRACT Energy use during production of new buildings is an aspect of the hot environmental issues, yet both regulations and studies are absent. In this study a comparison is made on energy use at Strand Etapp 2 which is located at Sjaaregatan 19 and Maskinisten, located at Maskinistgatan 19, both in the city of Gävle. The objective of this study has been to determine which of the projects has the lowest energy use as well as emissions of green house gases due to transportation at the time of erecting the buildings. Maskinisten and Gävle Strand Etapp 2 differ in mainly two points: Gävle Strand Etapp 2 is prefabricated and has wooden frames and Maskinisten is site built and has concrete frame. The method has been to assume a functional unit for the projects in order to make an assessment of which of the projects that have minimum of energy use and emissions. In the calculations, energy use has been divided into three parts: the energy use of the factory (only for the prefabricated project), during transportation and at the building site. The emissions are calculated based on the distance of transportation and the choice of truck when transporting materials and modules. When comparing the two projects a distinct difference can be seen. The prefabricated house, Gävle Strand Etapp 2 requires a lot more energy during production, about 160 % more, compared to site built the Maskinisten. Although the energy use in transport, which is a large part of the total energy of Gävle Strand Stage 2, is disregarded in the comparison, the project still has an energy usage that is about 25 % higher than the value for Maskinisten. The emission that occurs during transport by diesel trucks used in the projects has been calculated in g/ton for each type of trucks and distance. When compared to a previous study, it seems that the amount of emissions is mainly due of the transport distance and not on whether it is transported as complete modules or as separated building materials. To further identify the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods of construction, several project managers from the two projects have been interviewed. The main advantage of prefabricated is considered the shortened construction period and a more efficient work - regardless of the season - on the other hand it is inflexible in comparison to the site-built. Looking only at energy use and emissions, which has been the main issue in this study; it is clear that Maskinisten is the project with the least environmental impact during the construction phase.

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Calvié, Philippe. "Le poids lourd en Côte d'Ivoire : l'appropriation d'une technologie importée." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO22017.

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L'adequation entre les camions et leur environnement est une question importante tant pour l'industrie automobile des pays du nord que pour les systemes de transports des pays du sud. En effet, on assiste a l'evolution rapide d'une norme technologique centree sur les pays developpes. Le but principal de cette recherche est d'analyser l'environnement des poids lourds dans un pays d'afrique sub-saharienne : la cote d'ivoire. Malgre les efforts realises en matiere d'investissements routiers, il est impossible d'affirmer a priori que tel ou tel vehicule ne sera amene a ne rouler que sur des routes en bon etat. L'utilisation des poids lourds peut etre definie comme la resultante du fonctionnement global du systeme de transport et des pratiques de gestion des transporteurs. Les camions sont a la fois sur et sous utilises. Le systeme d'entretien-reparation joue un role essentiel : il repond a une demande importante et s'adapte a l'evolution technologique des vehicules. Les caracteristiques des poids lourds distribues par les constructeurs europeens sont liees aux transformations de la gamme du pays d'origine. Face a l'evolution des vehicules, les conditions d'un developpement integre de l'environnement des poids lourds et les consequences d'une eventuelle derive technologique sont analysees
The adaptation of trucks to their environment raises important questions of the automotive industry of the northern countries as well as for the transport systems of the southern countries : the technological norm focussed on developed countries progresses quickly. This research aims mainly at analysing the trucks environment in sub-saharan country : ivory coast. In spite of significant road investments, it's a priori impossible to be sure that all vehicles will be used only on roads in good conditions. The utilisation of trucks can be defined as the resultant of the overall functioning of the transport system and the management pratices of the trucking sector. Trucks are over- and under-used. The maintenance and repair system plays an essentiel part : its meets an important demand and adapts itself to the technological evolution of the vehicles. The characteristics of heavy vehicles distributed by european firms reflect the change in the vehicle range of the country of origin. Taking into account the evolution of vehicles, the condition of an integrated development of environment of trucks and the consequences of a possible technological drift are analysed

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Gaona, Garcia Jaime. "Groundwater-stream water interactions: point and distributed measurements and innovative upscaling technologies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/242544.

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The need to consider groundwater and surface water as a single resource has fostered the interest of the scientific community on the interactions between surface water and groundwater. The region below and alongside rivers where surface hydrology and subsurface hydrology concur is the hyporheic zone. This is the region where water exchange determines many biogeochemical and ecological processes of great impact on the functioning of rivers. However, the complex processes taking place in the hyporheic zone require a multidisciplinary approach. The combination of innovative point and distributed techniques originally developed in separated disciplines is of great advantage for the indirect identification of water exchange in the hyporheic zone. Distributed techniques using temperature as a tracer such as fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing can identify the different components of groundwater-surface water interactions based on their spatial and temporal thermal patterns at the sediment-water interface. In particular, groundwater, interflow discharge and local hyporheic exchange flows can be differentiated based on the distinct size, duration and sign of the temperature anomalies. The scale range and resolution of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing are well complemented by geophysics providing subsurface structures with a similar resolution and scale. Thus, the use of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing to trace flux patterns supported by the exploration of subsurface structures with geophysics enables spatial and temporal investigation of groundwater-surface water interactions with an unprecedented level of accuracy and resolution. In contrast to the aforementioned methods that can be used for pattern identification at the interface, other methods such as point techniques are required to quantify hyporheic exchange fluxes. In the present PhD thesis, point methods based on hydraulic gradients and thermal profiles are used to quantify hyporheic exchange flows. However, both methods are one-dimensional methods and assume that only vertical flow occurs while the reality is much more complex. The study evaluates the accuracy of the available methods and the factors that impact their reliability. The applied methods allow not only to quantify hyporheic exchange flows but they are also the basis for an interpretation of the sediment layering in the hyporheic zone. For upscaling of the previous results three-dimensional modelling of flow and heat transport in the hyporheic zone combines pattern identification and quantification of fluxes into a single framework. Modelling can evaluate the influence of factors governing groundwater-surface water interactions as well as assess the impact of multiple aspects of model design and calibration of high impact on the reliability of the simulations. But more importantly, this modelling approach enables accurate estimation of water exchange at any location of the domain with unparalleled resolution. Despite the challenges in 3D modelling of the hyporheic zone and in the integration of point and distributed data in models, the benefits should encourage the hyporheic community to adopt an integrative approach comprising from the measurement to the upscaling of hyporheic processes.

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Palmberg, Robin C. O. "Enriching Automated Travel Diaries Using Biometric Information." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Systemanalys och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262880.

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The methods for collecting travel data about travellers today incorporate either fully manual or semi-automatic elements, which makes the methods susceptible to errors. The travellers might respond subjectively rather than objectively or even wholly incorrect, albeit with or without purpose. For certain types of studies, these are still valid methods for collecting data. However, for specific target groups, it might be hard to respond using these methods, either because of physical or psychological limitations. One of these target groups that is increasing rapidly is elderly in general, and dementia patients in particular, who suffer from fluctuating cognitive skills and memory. These conditions affect the recipient’s ability to answer truthfully and correctly. However, in the strive to form more accessible urban environments, the information regarding the need and behaviour of the said target group is crucial, meaning that new methods for collecting travel data need to be created. The three papers included in this licentiate thesis present the development and trial of a new method for fully automated data collection using biometric data as a dimension. The method attempts to determine how the recipient is affected by the elements presented to them while they travel, such as the built environment, based on the variations in the biometric data dimension. With the rapid advancements in information and communication technology, many new artefacts which open for new possible methods of data collection has been launched and are widely available. The methods and artefacts are not capable of meeting the requirements for the type of data collection method that would be needed to cater to the target group by themselves. However, by combing several types of currently available artefacts and methods, it is theoretically possible to cover the gaps of each artefact and method to create versatile methods for data collection (Paper I). Such methods require tools for physical operationalisation. An exploratory development process has led to the creation of a software tool which could be used with several types of consumer hardware, which means that it would theoretically be possible to conduct extensive surveys fast with low costs where participants utilise their own hardware (Paper II). In order to uncover the usefulness of the tool, an analysis was conducted on a limited dataset which had been collected as a result of a trial of the tool. In an attempt to prove the hypothesis “it is possible to understand how much the dimensions of data collected in specific locations affect the stress of travellers using heart rate as the dependent variable”, data-driven methods of data analysis were explored and utilised. Simple clustering methods, which disregarded any weighting on the dimensions, uncovered if there was any valuable information in the dataset at all. A model had to be created in order to understand better how the different dimensions of the collected data affected the participant (Paper III). This set of papers should indicate whether this type of method is feasible to pursue with the current means of widely available technology and what sort of significance the collected data might hold when analysed with appropriate analysis methods.
Metoderna för att samla in resedata från dagens resenärer inkorporerar antingen helt manuella eller halvautomatiska element, vilket gör dessa metoder mottagliga för fel. Resenärerna kan svara subjektivt snarare än objektivet eller helt inkorrekt, antingen med eller utan avsikt. För vissa typer av studier så är dessa metoder fortfarande meningsfulla att använda för datainsamling. Men för särskilda målgrupper kan det vara svårt att svara på undersökningar som använder dessa metoder, antingen på grund av fysiologiska eller psykologiska begränsningar. En av dessa målgrupper, som är stadigt växande, är den äldre befolkningen generellt, men framförallt demenspatienter, som lider av sviktande kognitiva förmågor och minne. Dessa tillstånd påverkar den svarandes förmåga att svara sanningsenligt och korret. Men i strävan efter att skapa mer tillgängliga stadsmiljöer så är informationen angående behovet och beteendet hos den nämnda målgruppen av yttersta vikt, vilket innebär att nya metoder för att samla in resedata behöver skapas. De tre artiklar som har inkluderats i denna avhandling presenterar utvecklingen och försökstestandet av en ny metod för helt automatisk datainsamling med användandet av biometriska data som en dimension. Metoden försöker att avgöra hur den svarande blir påverkad av element de stöter på medan de reser, såsom det byggda samhället, baserat på variationer i den biometriska datadimensionen. Med de snabba framstegen inom informations- och kommunikationsteknik så har nya artefakter som öppnar för nya möjliga metoder av datainsamling lanserats och är allmänt tillgängliga. Dessa metoder och artefakter är inte kapabla till att möta de krav som ställs för den typ av datainsamlingsmetod som krävs för att kunna tillgodose målgruppen på egen hand. Men genom att kombinera flera typer av de nu tillgängliga artefakterna och metoderna så är det teoretiskt möjligt att täcka luckorna som finns i varje artefakt och metod för att skapa en mer mångsidig metod för datainsamling (Artikel I). Sådana metoder kräver verktyg för att fysiskt operationaliseras. En explorativ utvecklingsprocess har lett till skapandet av ett mjukvaruverktyg som skulle kunna användas med flera typer av konsumenttillgänglig hårdvara, vilket betyder att det skulle vara teoretiskt möjligt att genomföra stora undersökningar snabbt med låga kostnader där deltagarna använder sin egen hårdvara (Artikel II). För att förstå användbarheten av verktyget så gjordes en analys på ett begränsat data-set som hade blivit insamlat som ett resultat av ett försökstestande av verktyget. I ett försök att bevisa hypotesen ”det är möjligt att förstå hur mycket dimensionerna av data som samlats in vid specifika platser påverkar stressen hos resenärer med hjälp av puls som den beroende variabeln” så utforskades och användes data-drivna metoder av dataanalys. Enkla metoder, som inte la någon särskild vikt vid någon särskild dimension, användes för att visa om det fanns någon värdefull information i data-setet överhuvudtaget. En modell behövde skapas för att bättre förstå hur de olika dimensionerna av den insamlade datan påverkar deltagaren (Artikel III). Denna samling artiklar är tänkt att ge en indikation på om denna typ av metodik är rimlig att fortsätta utveckla givet de nu tillgängliga teknologierna och vilken sorts signifikans den insamlade datan kan innehålla när den har analyserats med lämpliga analysmetoder.

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Breaum, Löfvenborg Frida. "Ekonomiska incitament till gröna investeringar inom rederisektorn." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12777.

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Miljöpåverkan blir ett allt större problem i dagens samhälle och mycket av den miljöpåverkan kommer från global transport av gods. För att minimera denna miljöpåverkan implementeras olika miljölagar för att tvinga fram en förändring men det har visat sig att regelverken inte räcker till. Därför krävs ekonomiska incitament som genom finansiella drivkrafter ska motivera företag till gröna investeringar som leder till mindre påverkan på miljön. Denna uppsats har studerat miljöpolicy inom väg-, tåg och sjötransport för att undersöka vilka ekonomiska incitament som står till buds inom transportsektorn. Därefter genomfördes en enkätstudie inom sjötransport där rederier fick gradera de identifierade ekonomiska incitamenten i hur viktiga de var och hur stor påverkan de hade på beslut inom företagen kring gröna investeringar. Detta gjordes i avsikt att identifiera vilka ekonomiska incitament inom rederisektorn som är effektiva och som kan främja gröna investeringar. Enkäten undersökte 6 olika typer av ekonomiska incitament inom rederisektorn: miljöcertifiering, miljölagar, offentliga investeringar i grön infrastruktur, investeringsbidrag från myndigheter, miljörabatter och miljöindex. Det visade sig att alla de undersökta ekonomiska incitamenten främjade gröna investeringar men i olika grad. Studien visade att rederierna verkade ha en mer positiv inställning till incitament med direkt finansiell påverkan och en mindre positiv inställning till incitament med en indirekt finansiell påverkan. I enkäten graderades miljölagar till att vara mest viktig och ha störst påverkan medan miljöindexen var minst viktiga och hade minst påverkan.

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Bel, Marlene. "Prédire l'utilisation d'une nouvelle technologie : le cas des Systèmes de Transports Intelligents Coopératifs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH027.

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Cette thèse a pour objet d’étude la prédiction de l’utilisation d’une technologie encore inconnue des utilisateurs ; c’est-à-dire une technologie que ces derniers n’ont pas encore eu l’occasion de mettre en pratique et de facto pour laquelle ils n’ont pas de représentation. Trois objectifs sont poursuivis dans ce travail. Le premier est la construction d’un modèle prédictif de l’intention comportementale d’utiliser les systèmes de transports intelligents coopératifs inconnus en convoquant les deux cadres théoriques que sont l’acceptabilité des technologies (e.g., Venkatesh et Bala, 2008) et la prédiction comportementale (Ajzen, 1991 ; Ajzen et Fishbein, 1973). L’un, focalisé sur le jugement de l’individu sur l’objet, implique la connaissance de cet objet. L’expérience antérieure et les attitudes envers des objets génériques et spécifiques connus proches de l’objet dont on souhaite prédire l’utilisation ont composé la première partie (A) du modèle. L’autre, focalisé sur le jugement de l’individu sur l’utilisation de l’objet autorise les individus à se projeter quant à la valeur attendue de l’utilisation et aux attentes sur les conséquences de cette utilisation (i.e., les origines des attitudes), à la pression de leurs proches et au contrôle qu’ils perçoivent de l’utilisation de la technologie inconnue. Ces déterminants ont composé la seconde partie (B) du modèle. Le deuxième objectif vise à tester, au cours d’une première étude, la structure factorielle de deux questionnaires relatifs à ces deux cadres théoriques A et B. Les résultats nous ont conduits à retenir un modèle en sept facteurs afin de le tester au cours d’une deuxième étude. Les résultats ont montré que l’expérience antérieure avec des objets génériques connus prédisait indirectement l’intention d’utiliser l’objet inconnu via une médiation par les attitudes envers les objets génériques, l’expérience antérieure avec les objets spécifiques et la valeur / attentes à l’égard de l’utilisation de l’objet inconnu. Les résultats ont également montré l’influence indirecte de la norme subjective et du contrôle anticipé de l’utilisation de l’objet sur l’intention via une médiation, là encore, par la valeur / attentes à l’égard de l’utilisation de l’objet inconnu. Le troisième objectif vise à relier l’intention d’utilisation avec l’utilisation réelle des systèmes de transports intelligents coopératifs en situation de conduite automobile. Ces derniers résultats, bien que ténus, ont montré que l’on pouvait réaliser cette prédiction lorsque les situations de conduite étaient adaptées à l’utilisation de la technologie (e.g., Theeuwes, 1993).Mots-clés: prédiction comportementale; acceptabilité des technologies; attitudes; intention comportementale ; comportement ; activité de conduite automobile
This thesis focuses on the prediction of the use of an unknown technology; that is to say the users did not have yet the opportunity to practice this technology, so they still have no representation of this technology. Three objectives are pursued in this work. The first one is the construction of a predictive model of the behavioural intention to use the unknown cooperative intelligent transport systems by convening the two theoretical frameworks which are the acceptability of the technologies (e.g., Venkatesh & Bala, 2008) and the behavioural prediction (Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1973). One of them, focused on the judgment of individuals onto the object, implies the knowledge of this object. Hence the first part (A) of the model is based on past behaviours and attitudes towards generic and specific known objects close to the one that we want to predict the use. The other one is focused on the judgment of individuals onto the use of the object. This enables individuals to project themselves regarding the expected behaviour value and the expectations of the results of using it (i.e., the attitudes’ determinants), and both the subjective norm and the perceived behavioural control of the use of this unknown technology. These determinants form the second part (B) of the model. The second objective aims at testing, in a first study, the factor structure of the two questionnaires A and B. The results led us to retain a model based on seven factors in order to test it in a second study. The results showed that past behaviours with known generic objects indirectly predicted the intention to use the unknown object via a mediation through attitudes towards generic objects, past behaviours with specific objects, expected behaviour value and expectations of the results of the use of the unknown technology. Also, the results showed an indirect influence of the subjective norm and the perceived behavioural control on the intention to use the unknown object via a mediation by the value / expectations regarding the use of the unknown object. The third objective aims at linking the intention with the actual use of cooperative intelligent transport systems in driving situations. These results, although tenuous, have shown that this prediction could be made when the driving situations were consistant with the use of the technology (Theeuwes, 1993).Keywords: behavioural prediction; technology acceptance; attitudes; behavioural intention; behaviour; activity of driving

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Tomasoni, Angela Maria. "Modèles et méthodes d'évaluation et de gestion des risques appliqués aux systèmes de transport de marchandises dangereuses (TMD), reposant sur les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC)." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006223.

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Abstract:

Durant ma thèse de doctorat, j'ai développé plusieurs modèles et méthodes d'évaluation des risques dans les systèmes de transport de matières dangereuses. En raison de la multiplicité des approches d'évaluation de risque, tous les modèles décrits, définis et utilisés sont fondés sur la définition classique du risque technologique - liés à l'activité de l'homme - la catégorie des risques accidentels, - ou d'un accident - d'un véhicule transportant des matières dangereuses. Cette définition des risques est la même pour les conduites que pour le transport par route, mais différentes approches méthodologiques pour l'évaluation des risques de transport peuvent être abordées : Au chapitre n°2: une définition générale des marchandises dangereuses a été réalisé ainsi que différents types de matières dangereuses considérées. Ensuite, l'étude a été focalisé sur les hydrocarbures ainsi que sur les réglementations qui y sont liés. Dans le chapitre n°3, l'étude a porté sur la définition des risques dans le transport des matières dangereuses, respectivement, dans le cas des pipelines ainsi que pour le transport routier. Au cours du 4ème chapitre, une description complète de la méthodologie d'évaluation des risques de pipelines a été réalisé. Par la suite, au chapitre n°5, un modèle innovant et technologique a été utilisé afin de décrire un scénario d'accident du GPL par route et d'évaluer son impact sur la population concernée. Au chapitre n°6, j'aborde des modèles et des méthodes innovants pour l'évaluation des risques et le contrôle de la DGT par route. Cette méthodologie est basée sur une approche "Risk averse decision making" . Au chapitre n°7, une loi de contrôle optimale de la DGT a été développé et appliqué dans le cas d'une infrastructure critique, spécifiquement, dans le cas des tunnels. Enfin, le chapitre n°8 a pour objectif de résumer mon travail en termes de résultats obtenus au cours de ma thèse.

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Karagöl, Jessica [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Wenzlhuemer. "Girdling the Globe, Networking the World - A Discourse Analysis of the Media Representation of Nineteenth-Century Transport and Communication Technologies in Victorian Britain, 1838 - 1871 / Jessica Karagöl ; Betreuer: Roland Wenzlhuemer." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1180395751/34.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transport technologies'

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