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Journal articles on the topic 'Transportable clock'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Gellesch, Markus, Jonathan Jones, Richard Barron, et al. "Transportable optical atomic clocks for use in out-of-the-lab environments." Advanced Optical Technologies 9, no. 5 (2020): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aot-2020-0023.

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AbstractRecently, several reports with a strong focus on compact, nonstationary optical atomic clocks have been published, including accounts of in-field deployment of these devices for demonstrations of chronometric levelling in different types of environments. We review recent progress in this research area, comprising compact and transportable neutral atom and single-ion optical atomic clocks. The identified transportable optical clocks strive for low volume, weight and power consumption while exceeding standard microwave atomic clocks in fractional frequency instability and systematic unce

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2

Cheng, Peng, Wenbin Shen, Xiao Sun, Chenghui Cai, Kuangchao Wu, and Ziyu Shen. "Measuring Height Difference Using Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (2022): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030451.

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According to general relativity theory (GRT), the clock at a position with lower geopotential ticks slower than an identical one at a position with higher geopotential. Here, we provide a geopotential comparison using a non-transportable hydrogen clock and a transportable hydrogen clock for altitude transmission based on the two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) technique. First, we set one hydrogen clock on the fifth floor and another hydrogen clock on the ground floor, with their height difference of 22.8 m measured by tape, and compared the time difference between these two

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3

Liu, Daoxin, Lin Wu, Changliang Xiong, and Lifeng Bao. "Geopotential Difference Measurement Using Two Transportable Optical Clocks’ Frequency Comparisons." Remote Sensing 16, no. 13 (2024): 2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16132462.

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High-accuracy optical clocks have garnered increasing attention for their potential application in various fields, including geodesy. According to the gravitational red-shift effect, clocks at lower altitudes on the Earth’s surface run slower than those at higher altitudes due to the differential gravitational field. Consequently, the geopotential difference can be determined by simultaneously comparing the frequency of two optical clocks at disparate locations. Here, we report geopotential difference measurements conducted using a pair of transportable 40Ca+ optical clocks with uncertainties

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4

Khabarova, Ksenia, Denis Kryuchkov, Alexander Borisenko, et al. "Toward a New Generation of Compact Transportable Yb+ Optical Clocks." Symmetry 14, no. 10 (2022): 2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14102213.

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Optical atomic clocks are currently one of the most sensitive tools making it possible to precisely test the fundamental symmetry properties of spacetime and Einstein’s theory of relativity. At the same time, the extremely high stability and accuracy of compact transportable optical clocks open new perspectives in important fields, such as satellite navigation, relativistic geodesy, and the global time and frequency network. Our project aimed to develop a compact transportable optical clock based on a single ytterbium ion. We present the first prototype of the Yb+ clock (298 kg in 1 m3) and pr

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5

Vogt, Stefan, Sebastian Häfner, Jacopo Grotti, et al. "A transportable optical lattice clock." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 723 (June 2016): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/723/1/012020.

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6

Knight, Helen. "Optical Clock for Better Mapping." Engineer 298, no. 7896 (2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0013-7758(23)90293-x.

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7

Poli, N., M. Schioppo, S. Vogt, et al. "A transportable strontium optical lattice clock." Applied Physics B 117, no. 4 (2014): 1107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-014-5932-9.

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8

Wang, Bin, Yuanhang Yang, Huaqing Zhang, et al. "Design of a Board-Level Integrated Multi-Channel Radio Frequency Source for the Transportable 40Ca+ Ion Optical Clock." Sensors 25, no. 4 (2025): 1044. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25041044.

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As one of the most precise timekeeping instruments ever developed, the optical clock will be used as the measuring equipment for the next generation of second definition. The demand for the miniaturization of optical clocks is progressively urgent. In this paper, a multi-channel radio frequency (RF) module with a 20% volume of the commercial module is designed and implemented for the transportable 40Ca+ ion optical clock. Based on the double-crystal oscillator interlocking technique, a 1 GHz low-phase noise reference source is developed for direct digital synthesis. Through the simulation and

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9

Muramatsu, T., T. Hiroki, Y. Sakai, et al. "Compact and Robust Laser System for a Transportable Strontium Optical Lattice Clock." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2889, no. 1 (2024): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2889/1/012042.

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Abstract We developed a laser system for a Sr optical lattice clock to down-size and improve robustness and maintainability. The optics were fixed by laser welding to prevent misalignment during transportation and operation. The volume of the laser system was reduced by removing adjustable mechanisms and integrating multi-function electronics. By utilizing the developed laser system, the volume of optical lattice clocks was down to 250 L.

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10

Guo Feng, 郭峰, 孔德欢 Kong Dehuan, 张强 Zhang Qiang, 王叶兵 Wang Yebing, and 常宏 Chang Hong. "System Development and Clock Transition Spectroscopy Detection of Transportable 87Sr Optical Clock." Acta Optica Sinica 40, no. 9 (2020): 0902001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202040.0902001.

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11

Grotti, Jacopo, Silvio Koller, Stefan Vogt, et al. "Geodesy and metrology with a transportable optical clock." Nature Physics 14, no. 5 (2018): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-017-0042-3.

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12

Hannig, S., L. Pelzer, N. Scharnhorst, et al. "Towards a transportable aluminium ion quantum logic optical clock." Review of Scientific Instruments 90, no. 5 (2019): 053204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5090583.

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13

Cheng, He-nan, Zhen Zhang, Siminda Deng, et al. "Design and operation of a transportable 87Rb atomic fountain clock." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 5 (2021): 054702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0047715.

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14

Ji Jingwei, 吉经纬, 程鹤楠 Cheng Henan, 张镇 Zhang Zhen, et al. "Automatic Laser Frequency Stabilization System for Transportable 87Rb Fountain Clock." Acta Optica Sinica 40, no. 22 (2020): 2214002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202040.2214002.

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15

Stuhler, J., M. Abdel Hafiz, B. Arar, et al. "Opticlock: Transportable and easy-to-operate optical single-ion clock." Measurement: Sensors 18 (December 2021): 100264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2021.100264.

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16

Li, Tian-chu, Ping-wei Lin, Ming-shou Li, et al. "The transportable cesium fountain clock NIM5: its construction and performance." Frontiers of Physics in China 4, no. 2 (2009): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11467-009-0037-3.

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17

Cheng, Henan, Siminda Deng, Zhen Zhang, et al. "Uncertainty evaluation of the second-order Zeeman shift of a transportable 87Rb atomic fountain clock." Chinese Optics Letters 19, no. 12 (2021): 120201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202119.120201.

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18

Kong, De-Huan, Zhi-Hui Wang, Feng Guo, et al. "A transportable optical lattice clock at the National Time Service Center." Chinese Physics B 29, no. 7 (2020): 070602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ab9290.

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19

Roslund, Jonathan D., Arman Cingöz, William D. Lunden, et al. "Optical clocks at sea." Nature 628, no. 8009 (2024): 736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07225-2.

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AbstractDeployed optical clocks will improve positioning for navigational autonomy1, provide remote time standards for geophysical monitoring2 and distributed coherent sensing3, allow time synchronization of remote quantum networks4,5 and provide operational redundancy for national time standards. Although laboratory optical clocks now reach fractional inaccuracies below 10−18 (refs. 6,7), transportable versions of these high-performing clocks8,9 have limited utility because of their size, environmental sensitivity and cost10. Here we report the development of optical clocks with the requisite

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20

Karaush, A. A., E. A. Karaush, S. Yu Burtsev, and F. R. Smirnov. "Estimating the Time Difference of Moving Transportable Atomic Clock Using GNSS Signals." Gyroscopy and Navigation 11, no. 4 (2020): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2075108720040057.

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21

Dmitriev, Alexandr K., Alexander P. Karpik, Alexsander S. Tolstikov, et al. "Measuring the gravitational frequency shift in a hydrogen clock when transmitting a signal via optical and radio frequency communication channels." Analysis and data processing systems, no. 4 (December 27, 2024): 59–77. https://doi.org/10.17212/2782-2001-2024-4-59-77.

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A scheme for measuring the gravitational frequency shift of hydrogen clocks during their movement between two points located at different orthometric altidudes with simultaneous signal transmission via radio and fiber-optic communication lines has been implemented. Practical interest in studying the gravitational frequency shift of quantum standards is associated with the need to take it into account to improve accuracy in navigation satellite systems. Such measurements were performed using a space synchronization channel using signals from global navigation satellite systems. This became espe

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22

De-Huan, Kong, Guo Feng, Li Ting, Lu Xiao-Tong, Wang Ye-Bing, and Chang Hong. "Evaluation of systematic uncertainty for transportable ⁸⁷Sr optical lattice clock." Acta Physica Sinica 70, no. 3 (2021): 030601. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.70.20201204.

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23

Cheng Henan, 程鹤楠, 邓思敏达 Deng Siminda, 张镇 Zhang Zhen та ін. "可搬运铷喷泉原子钟量子化轴磁场的设计与优化". Acta Optica Sinica 41, № 19 (2021): 1902001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos202141.1902001.

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24

Wang, Shaomao, Jian Cao, Jinbo Yuan, Daoxin Liu, Hualin Shu, and Xueren Huang. "Integrated multiple wavelength stabilization on a multi-channel cavity for a transportable optical clock." Optics Express 28, no. 8 (2020): 11852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.383115.

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25

Kudeyarov, K. S., G. A. Vishnyakova, K. Yu Khabarova, and N. N. Kolachevsky. "2.8 km fiber link with phase noise compensation for transportable Yb+ optical clock characterization." Laser Physics 28, no. 10 (2018): 105103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/aacfa1.

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26

Cao, Jian, Jinbo Yuan, Shaomao Wang, et al. "A compact, transportable optical clock with 1×10−17 uncertainty and its absolute frequency measurement." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 5 (2022): 054003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079432.

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27

Urbano Pintos, N., and M. B. Lavorato. "AUTOMATIC TRANSPORTABLE UNIT FOR MEASURING THE UV RADIATION ANDTHE UV INDEX OF CONTINUOUS USE." Anales AFA 36, no. 2 (2025): 36–42. https://doi.org/10.31527/analesafa.2025.36.2.36.

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A portable radiometer was developed with two sensors measuring total Ultraviolet Radiation (UVA + UVB) and UVIndex. To obtain basic meteorological data, the radiometer has another device that simultaneously measures Atmospheric Pressure, Temperature, and Relative Humidity. The control, acquisition, data storage, and communication device with external devices is an open Firmware development module based on ESP32 (NODEMCU32 ESP-WROOM-32s). This Microcontroller not only operates and controls the sensors but also performs simultaneous tasks of acquisition, calculation, and conversion of units. A r

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28

Majors, J. H. "A robust frequency doubling cavity makes a transportable laser source for use in a UV optical clock." Scilight 2018, no. 3 (2018): 030006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5021479.

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29

Fateev, V. F., A. I. Zharikov, V. P. Sysoev, E. A. Rybakov, and F. R. Smirnov. "Measurement of the difference in the Earth’s gravitational potentials with the help of a transportable quantum clock." Doklady Earth Sciences 472, no. 1 (2017): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x17010147.

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30

Denny, Dallas, and James Fox. "Collecting and Analyzing Continuous Behavioral Data with the TRS-80 Model 100/102 Portable Laptop Computer." Journal of Special Education Technology 9, no. 4 (1989): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016264348900900403.

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During observation sessions, discontinuous recording of behavioral events (time sampling and interval recording) introduces sampling error into the data. Continuous recording of data is methodologically superior, but makes greater demands on observers and often requires expensive and cumbersome equipment There is a need for equipment and software that are easy to use and transportable and that integrate data collection and analysis functions. The Behavioral Observation System—Computerized (BOSCO) was developed for the TRS-80 Model 100 and 102 portable laptop computers. BOSCO allows the compute

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31

Zhang, Ping, Jian Cao, Jin-bo Yuan, et al. "Evaluation of blackbody radiation shift with 2 × 10−18 uncertainty at room temperature for a transportable 40Ca+ optical clock." Metrologia 58, no. 3 (2021): 035001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/abe9c4.

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32

Takamoto, M., Y. Tanaka, and H. Katori. "A perspective on the future of transportable optical lattice clocks." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 14 (2022): 140502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087894.

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The unprecedented stability and accuracy of optical atomic clocks extend their role not only in frequency metrology but also in fundamental physics and geodesy. In particular, excellent stability of optical lattice clocks accessing a fractional uncertainty of [Formula: see text] in less than an hour opens a new avenue for chronometric leveling, which resolves a height difference of one cm in a short averaging time. However, for field use of such clocks, there remains a challenge in developing a transportable system that can operate outside the laboratory. In this Perspective, we describe trans

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33

Middleton, Christine. "Transportable atomic clocks achieve laboratory precision." Physics Today 73, no. 6 (2020): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.4496.

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34

Delehaye, Marion, and Clément Lacroûte. "Single-ion, transportable optical atomic clocks." Journal of Modern Optics 65, no. 5-6 (2018): 622–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2018.1441917.

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35

Mackenzie, Dana. "Time Gets More Precise with Transportable Optical Lattice Clocks." Engineering 6, no. 11 (2020): 1210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.008.

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36

Yasuda, Masami, Takehiko Tanabe, Takumi Kobayashi, Daisuke Akamatsu, Takumi Sato, and Atsushi Hatakeyama. "Laser-Controlled Cold Ytterbium Atom Source for Transportable Optical Clocks." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 86, no. 12 (2017): 125001. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpsj.86.125001.

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37

Fateev, V. F., V. P. Sysoev, and E. A. Rybakov. "Experimental Measurement of Gravitational Time Dilation Using Transportable Quantum Clocks." Measurement Techniques 59, no. 4 (2016): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-016-0979-0.

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38

Takamoto, Masao, Ichiro Ushijima, Noriaki Ohmae, et al. "Test of general relativity by a pair of transportable optical lattice clocks." Nature Photonics 14, no. 7 (2020): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-0619-8.

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39

Gaigerov, B. A., F. S. Rusin, N. I. Pol'nikov, V. P. Sysoev, and S. N. Ovchinnikov. "Transportable quantum clocks based on a hydrogen generator with a small resonator." Measurement Techniques 32, no. 4 (1989): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00866620.

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40

Liu, Chang, Shuhui Wang, Ziyu Chen, Yanhui Wang, and Shimin Hou. "Optical detection in magnetic state-selection Cs beam tubes for transportable Cs beam clocks." Measurement Science and Technology 30, no. 7 (2019): 075004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab11af.

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41

Kuhl, A., and J. Kronjäger. "Field-deployable interferometric fibre link terminals with very low temperature sensitivity." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2889, no. 1 (2024): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2889/1/012029.

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Abstract We present a novel setup for optical frequency transfer through fibre which is free from uncompensated paths and, as a result, extremely insensitive to the environment. Our test setup involving a 75 km spooled fibre link achieves an instability approaching 10−21 at 104 s of averaging, even with one of the terminals temperature-cycled over 15 K. The temperature coefficient of the phase error is estimated at approximately 2 as/K, without any active temperature stabilization or thermal shielding. Fibre link terminals using the topology presented here are suitable for field deployment, fo

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42

Ohmae, Noriaki, Masao Takamoto, Yosuke Takahashi, et al. "Transportable Strontium Optical Lattice Clocks Operated Outside Laboratory at the Level of 10 −18 Uncertainty." Advanced Quantum Technologies 4, no. 8 (2021): 2100015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qute.202100015.

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43

Bibek, Kumar Rai, and Kumar Manav Ajoy. "The Functional Outcome Assessment of Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction using Quadrupled Hamstring Graft Fixed with Bio-absorbable Versus Titanium Interference Screw." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 13, no. 4 (2021): 334–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14228874.

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<strong>Aim:</strong> The comparative analysis of the functional outcome of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadrupled hamstring graft fixed with bio-absorbable interference screw against titanium interference screw. <strong>Methods: </strong>The Present comparative study of 100 patients treated with arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadrupled hamstring graft with endobutton as the femoral fixation device and titanium interference screw (no=50) and bio-absorbable interference screw (no=50) as tibial fixation device respecti

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44

Gaygerov, B. A., and V. P. Sysoev. "Relativistic effects in comparisons of time scales by means of transportable quantum clocks time and frequency measurements." Measurement Techniques 55, no. 2 (2012): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-012-9931-0.

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45

Fateev, V. F., F. R. Smirnov, and A. V. Naumov. "Measuring the difference in gravitational potentials of ground points using the duplex satellite method." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 10 (December 5, 2024): 34–40. https://doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2024-10-34-40.

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The issue of measuring the difference in gravitational potentials and the corresponding difference in orthometric heights based on two spatially separated highly stable ground-based hydrogen quantum clocks is investigated. The relevance of the presented study and its practical significance are determined, in particular, by the prospects for measuring the difference in orthometric heights using the duplex method of comparing the time scales of remote consumers via a geostationary communications satellite. The problem of determining the difference in gravitational potentials and the correspondin

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46

Ohmae, Noriaki, Masao Takamoto, Yosuke Takahashi, et al. "Front Cover: Transportable Strontium Optical Lattice Clocks Operated Outside Laboratory at the Level of 10 −18 Uncertainty (Adv. Quantum Technol. 8/2021)." Advanced Quantum Technologies 4, no. 8 (2021): 2170081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qute.202170081.

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47

Liu, Dao-Xin, Jian Cao, Jin-Bo Yuan, et al. "Laboratory demonstration of geopotential measurement using transportable optical clocks." Chinese Physics B, April 1, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac6337.

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Abstract We report an experimental demonstration of geopotential difference measurement using a pair of transportable 40Ca+ optical clocks (TOC-729-1 and TOC-729-3) in the laboratory, each of them with an uncertainty of 1.3 × 10-17 and an instability of 4.8 × 10-15/ √ τ, respectively. Referenced to a stationary clock of TOC-729-1, geopotential difference measurements are realized by moving TOC-729-3 to three different locations and the relevant altitude differences are measured with uncertainties at the level of 20 cm. After correcting the systematic shifts (including gravitational red shift),

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48

Koller, S. B., J. Grotti, St Vogt, et al. "Transportable Optical Lattice Clock with7×10−17Uncertainty." Physical Review Letters 118, no. 7 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.118.073601.

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49

Golovizin, Artem A., Dmitry O. Tregubov, Elena S. Fedorova, et al. "Simultaneous bicolor interrogation in thulium optical clock providing very low systematic frequency shifts." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25396-8.

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AbstractOptical atomic clocks have already overcome the eighteenth decimal digit of instability and uncertainty, demonstrating incredible control over external perturbations of the clock transition frequency. At the same time, there is an increasing demand for atomic (ionic) transitions and new interrogation and readout protocols providing minimal sensitivity to external fields and possessing practical operational wavelengths. One of the goals is to simplify the clock operation while maintaining the relative uncertainty at a low 10−18 level achieved at the shortest averaging time. This is espe

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50

Bothwell, tobias, WESLEY BRAND, Robert Fasano, et al. "Deployment of a Transportable Yb Optical Lattice Clock." Optics Letters, November 18, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.543310.

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