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Journal articles on the topic 'Transporte interprovincial'

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1

Villamarín Padilla, Jenny Margoth, Monserrath Amparo Padilla Muñoz, Alexandra Patricia Guerrero Godoy, and José Luis Llamuca Llamuca. "Determinación de la tarifa óptima para el transporte público interprovincial en la ruta Riobamba – Guamote, utilizando modelos matemáticos." Ciencia Digital 3, no. 2.2 (May 11, 2019): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v3i2.2.462.

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Un buen servicio de transporte público interprovincial representa múltiples beneficios para la población en general, al realizar el análisis tendiente a la determinación de la tarifa óptima en el transporte público interprovincial, en la ruta Riobamba – Guamote, mediante modelos matemáticos, no se puede dejar de lado los múltiples factores que condicionan la misma (costos fijos, costos variables, etc.) El propósito principal es el establecer los costos operacionales e ingresos para fijar una tarifa adecuada tanto para el transportista como para el usuario del servicio. La información fue recopilada de los 33 socios de la Cooperativa de Transporte Guamote, siguiendo la metodología de la Agencia Nacional de Transito, que permite fijar la tarifa del transporte público, esta información se obtuvo por medio de fichas de registro, entrevistas, formularios de gastos de operación y kilómetros recorridos, con esto se logró determinar una tarifa óptima de $1,24 permitiendo al prestador de servicio tener un margen adecuado de utilidad. El alcance de fijar una tarifa de transporte interprovincial se extiende a todos los usuarios del mismo, al establecer la tarifa esta deberá ser aprobada por las autoridades competentes mediante la homologación de tarifas
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2

Quijandria Rojas, Flavio Raúl. "Ley departamental para la otorgación de tarjetas de operaciones del transporte interprovincial." Revista Lex 2, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33996/revistalex.v2i5.31.

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El transporte es un derecho que es adquirido por la población, a pesar de los vacíos legislativos existente. La investigación tuvo como objetivo general proponer una ley para la regulación de las tarjetas de operación del transporte terrestre interprovincial de pasajeros, la metodología estuvo bajo un enfoque mixto cualitativo y cuantitativo con un diseño documental, de campo. Se usó el modelo empírico con los métodos inductivos, deductivos, entre otros. La población y muestra, fue realizada a los pasajeros que habitualmente hacen viajes a las provincias y la muestra se conformó por 200 personas seleccionada de manera aleatoria y al azar. La técnica e instrumento que se usó para la recolección de los datos fue la encuesta y el cuestionario. Como resultado se obtuvo la ausencia de una ley en el Departamento, por lo que fue necesario contar con una normativa para un control sobre los servicios que dan los transportistas.
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Guerrero Godoy, Guerrero Godoy, Monserrat Amparo Padilla Muñoz, and José Luis Llamuca Llamuca. "Resumen y análisis estadístico-matemático de las operaciones en el transporte urbano de la ciudad de Riobamba." ConcienciaDigital 3, no. 3 (July 3, 2020): 332–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/concienciadigital.v3i3.1321.

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La ciudad de las primicias Riobamba está ubicada relativamente en el centro del Ecuador, en donde se firmó actividades de relevancia nacional que se dieron en su momento, por su aportación al crecimiento y desarrollo en diferentes sectores, siendo el transporte un sector muy importante en el medio. La mayor parte de las Cooperativas de transporte público terrestre Inter cantonal e interprovincial, deben pasar por la ciudad de Riobamba para llegar a las diferentes ciudades de las regiones de la costa, sierra y oriente, debido a su ubicación geográfica. Este tipo de transporte moviliza a un gran número de personas y traslada una buena parte de las mercaderías que serán utilizadas para la producción y comercialización de bienes a nivel nacional. Una ciudad histórica y emblemática a para el país, no debería tener problemas en el tema del transporte terrestre urbano a nivel interno y en las vías que comunican con las ciudades aledañas, la calidad de servicio que brinden los involucrados en el sector transporte, no solamente que permiten mejorar los ingresos de los prestadores de servicio, permiten también mejorar los ingresos de otros sectores que tienen relación con el transporte. La ciudad de Riobamba en los últimos años ha crecido considerablemente tanto vertical y horizontal, las líneas de transporte público no tienen una planificación moderna en cuanto a este problema de crecimiento causando problemas para la ciudadanía, a esto sumamos también la falta reordenamiento territorial.
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Padilla Muñoz, Monserrath Amparo, José Luis Llamuca Llamuca, Pablo Ricardo Calderón Limaico, and Jenny Margoth Villamarín Padilla. "Modelos matemáticos y la calidad del servicio aplicados al transporte urbano en Riobamba." Ciencia Digital 3, no. 2.2 (May 12, 2019): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/cienciadigital.v3i2.2.466.

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La ciudad de Riobamba está ubicada relativamente en el centro del Ecuador, es una ciudad que se la conoce como la ciudad de las primicias, por las actividades de relevancia nacional que se dieron en su momento, por su aportación al crecimiento y desarrollo en diferentes sectores, siendo el transporte un sector muy importante en el medio. La mayor parte de las Cooperativas de transporte público terrestre Inter cantonal e interprovincial, deben pasar por la ciudad de Riobamba para llegar a las diferentes ciudades de las regiones de la costa, sierra y oriente, debido a su ubicación geográfica. Este tipo de transporte moviliza a un gran número de personas y traslada una buena parte de las mercaderías que serán utilizadas para la producción y comercialización de bienes a nivel nacional. Una ciudad histórica y emblemática a para el país, no debería tener problemas en el tema del transporte terrestre urbano a nivel interno y en las vías que comunican con las ciudades aledañas, la calidad de servicio que brinden los involucrados en el sector transporte, no solamente que permiten mejorar los ingresos de los prestadores de servició, permiten también mejorar los ingresos de otros sectores que tienen relación con el transporte. La ciudad de Riobamba en los últimos años ha crecido considerablemente tanto vertical y horizontal, las líneas de transporte público no tienen una planificación moderna en cuanto a este problema de crecimiento causando problemas para la ciudadanía, a esto sumamos también la falta reordenamiento territorial.
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5

Ramírez Huerta, Valiente Pantaleón. "COSTO DE CAPITAL Y RENTABILIDAD EN EMPRESAS DE TRANSPORTE TERRESTRE DE PASAJEROS." Quipukamayoc 26, no. 51 (September 13, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/quipu.v26i51.14865.

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Objetivo : determinar la incidencia del costo promedio ponderado de capital en la rentabilidad de las empresas de transporte interprovincial de pasajeros por carretera en ómnibus en el quinquenio 2012 – 2016. Métodos: investigación aplicada, diseño correlacional, la población fue 428 empresas y la muestra 38, los datos se obtuvieron mediante un cuestionario de encuesta aplicado a funcionarios de dichas empresas. Resultados : arrojan que en el quinquenio mencionado las empresas se financiaron con crédito directo 15.32% a un costo de 9.97% anual, arrendamiento financiero 41.34% a un costo de 8.70% anual, por capital propio 43.34% a un costo de 15.15% anual y el costo de capital promedio ponderado fue 11.80% anual, el rendimiento sobre el activo fue 9.61% anual, rendimiento sobre el patrimonio neto 3.29% anual y rendimiento sobre ventas 2.24% anual; y según el índice de correlación de Pearson el costo promedio ponderado de capital no está correlacionado con la rentabilidad sobre el activo, sobre patrimonio neto ni sobre ventas. Conclusiones: según la prueba de hipótesis el costo de capital promedio ponderado ni sus componentes están correlacionados con el rendimiento sobre el activo, sólo el costo promedio ponderado del financiamiento por deuda está correlacionado inversamente con el rendimiento sobre el patrimonio neto y sobre ventas.
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Roca, Santiago, Luis Simabuko, and Jaime Dyer. "Impacto tributario en el servicio de transporte terrestre interprovincial de pasajeros: el caso del retiro de la exoneración del IGV." Cuadernos de difusión 9, no. 16 (June 30, 2004): 21–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2004.v9n16.02.

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Evalúa el impacto de la eliminación de la exoneración del IGV al servicio de transporte terrestre interprovincial de pasajeros –medida dispuesta en el 2003– a partir del análisis de la carga tributaria de las empresas del sector y el desarrollo de una simulación. Encuentra que, dadas las características de este mercado, en el que coexisten operadores formales e informales, las empresas formales asumirían el íntegro deI IGV, hecho que no sólo reduciría sensiblemente su rentabilidad y las expondría a una situación crítica, sino que perjudicaría también a los usuarios, cuya demanda se dirigiría a las empresas informales, con la consiguiente pérdida de calidad y seguridad en el servicio. Más aún, el propio Estado lograría un efecto contrario al deseado, ya que la recaudación fiscal sería menor a la que obtenía cuando estaba vigente la exoneración. Cabe señalar que, antes de transcurrido un año, el gobierno decidió restablecer la exoneración del IGV al servicio mencionado
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Cermakian, Jean. "Les transports au Québec et l’évolution des relations politiques Québec/Canada : perspectives géographiques." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 24, no. 61 (April 12, 2005): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021467ar.

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Les transports interprovinciaux au Canada sont sous la juridiction du gouvernement fédéral, en vertu des différents articles de l'Acte de l'Amérique du Nord britannique (1867). C'est seulement dans le domaine du transport routier que les gouvernements provinciaux ont la possibilité de participer à la réglementation interprovinciale en matière de transports. Il est peu probable que les propositions du gouvernement fédéral en matière de réforme constitutionnelle changent grand'chose à la structure actuelle des transports interprovinciaux. D'autre part, dans l'éventualité où les électeurs québécois appuient, par voie de référendum, la proposition du gouvernement du Québec de négocier la souveraineté politique en même temps qu'une association économique avec le Canada anglophone, il pourrait y avoir des modifications considérables dans le système de transports entre le Québec et le reste du Canada. À la lumière du rôle actuel des transports dans les liaisons transfrontalières du Québec, cet article a pour but d'examiner la possibilité de telles modifications.
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Chica Ambuludí, Joffre Hernán, Viviana Verónica Carriel Bustamante, and Yonimiler Castillo Ortega. "Indicadores de movilidad sostenible, análisis y sus perspectivas para el desarrollo en el caso del Cantón Santa Rosa." ConcienciaDigital 4, no. 1.1 (February 5, 2021): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/concienciadigital.v4i1.1.1545.

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Introducción. La movilidad sostenible constituye una estrategia de desarrollo nacional y local, enmarcada en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible acordados por países miembros de la ONU y consiste en promover y priorizar medios y modos de transporte menos contaminantes y que permitan satisfacer las necesidades de movilidad de la población en términos equitativos. Objetivo. Proponer un conjunto base de indicadores que midan la movilidad cantonal con enfoque de sostenibilidad, que constituya herramientas para la toma de decisiones de autoridades locales y que finalmente permita mejorar el nivel de vida de usuarios y de la población en general; con accesibilidad, niveles de servicio adecuados y protección del medio ambiente. Metodología. El diseño de investigación fue cuantitativa, de tipo descriptiva y analítica. Se procedió a tomar la encuesta Origen/Destino en octubre de 2020 y se aplicaron en 428 hogares repartidos en el Cantón Santa Rosa, se consultó acerca de características de los viajes de cada uno de los residentes del hogar, el número de residentes de quienes se recabó información es de 1.364. Resultados. Los principales resultados muestran que el número total de viajes diarios en el Cantón Santa Rosa es de 76.327 en todas las modalidades, por todos los medios y por los diferentes motivos de viaje; el IPK promedio en operación de buses en transporte intracantonal es de 5.1; la distancia promedio viajes en transporte público es de 2,6 km (63,06%), en auto particular 4,7 km (48,36%), a pie 0,7 km (97,53%); la partición modal es como sigue: bus urbano 21,04%, vehículo propio 16,72%, bus intra o interprovincial 10,75%, motocicleta 9,89%, acompañante en vehículo propio 9,73%, taxi convencional 6,91%, a pie 6,36%, bicicleta 5,10%, tricimoto 3,77%, taxi informal 3,53%, camión o volquete 2,28%, camioneta doble cabina 1,33%, taxi Ejecutivo 1,18%, camioneta cabina simple 0,71%, camioneta informal 0,55%, y escolar o institucional 0,16%; los principales motivos de viaje son al Trabajo con 43,1%, compras 15,7% y , trámites 10,8%. Se concluye que el 21.4% de los viajes se realizan en transporte público intracantonal y el 11.46% se realizan a pie o en bicicleta, valores que indican una baja inclinación a modos de transporte sostenible.
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Vanegas Durán, Claudia Marcela. "Los textiles indígenas en la época colonial. Tributo, comercio e intercambio de mantas de algodón en los Andes centrales neogranadinos, siglos XVI y XVII." Historia y sociedad, no. 35 (July 1, 2018): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/hys.n35.68452.

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Este artículo analiza la continuidad e importancia de los textiles de origen prehispánico en el orden económico colonial de los Andes centrales neogranadinos durante los siglos XVI y XVII. A través del estudio de la documentación oficial que da cuenta de su vinculación al sistema tributario colonial, el comercio y sus valores de intercambio se examinan, primero, indicios sobre el volumen de mantas entregadas por los grupos indígenas como tributo en especie lo que permite observar la flexibilidad del sistema fiscal caracterizado por la negociación, el incumplimiento de las tasas oficiales y la protección de los intereses de los distintos actores involucrados. En segundo lugar, se establece quienes eran algunos de los consumidores finales del producto y las condiciones alrededor del comercio y transporte de los textiles. Finalmente, se exponen los tipos de intercambios que involucraron a las mantas de algodón y los valores que estas adquirieron en los mercados locales y regionales. A partir de estos tres ejes temáticos se muestra la activa y relevante presencia de la manufactura textil indígena en el contexto local, provincial e interprovincial, así como el entramado de relaciones políticas, económicas y comerciales que dinamizaron esta actividad productiva durante el periodo abordado.
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Wei, Long, Gang Chen, Wenjie Sun, and Guoqi Li. "Recognition of Operating Characteristics of Heavy Trucks Based on the Identification of GPS Trajectory Stay Points." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (June 11, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9998405.

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As an emerging data source, feature identification based on GPS trajectory data has become a hot issue in the field of data mining and freight management. A method of trajectory data extraction, classification, and visualization based on stay points was proposed in this paper to analyze the operation characteristics of heavy trucks from the perspectives of intracity transportation, intraprovincial transportation, and interprovincial transportation. The GPS trajectory data of heavy trucks in Sichuan Province in March 2019 were taken as an example to analyze the operation characteristics. The results show that the heavy trucks in Sichuan Province are mainly transported within the province, and the freight efficiency is slightly better than the average level of the national freight trucks in the same period, failing to give full play to the advantages of long transport distance. The manufacturing industry is the main service object of heavy trucks, and the vehicles engaged in transportation within the province are more dependent on logistics enterprises and their ancillary facilities. The north-south longitudinal line and east-west horizontal line are the main interprovincial transport channels, and the provincial and municipal transport is mainly concentrated in some urban trunk lines, ring lines, and express routes. The proposed technical method can describe the operating characteristics of freight trucks from the perspective of microscopic and service market, not only to guide the layout of highway freight yards, logistics parks, and logistics hubs and the determination of service functions but also to provide a reference basis for freight management-related departments and drivers to formulate transportation plans and establish freight information platforms to improve freight efficiency and safety.
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Xu, Hao, Yeqing Wang, Hongwei Liu, and Ronglu Yang. "Environmental Efficiency Measurement and Convergence Analysis of Interprovincial Road Transport in China." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 4613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114613.

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Although road transport plays a vital role in promoting the development of China’s national economy, it also produces much harmful output in the process of road transport. Various types of harmful output generate high social costs. In order to improve efficiency and protect the environment at the same time, a variety of undesirable outputs need to be considered when evaluating the environmental efficiency of road transport. In this paper, the performance of the road transport systems in 30 regions of China is evaluated considering multiple harmful outputs (noise, carbon emission, direct property losses), by employing the directional distance function. Further, a convergence analysis of the environmental efficiency of road transport is carried out. The empirical results show that the environmental efficiency of overall road transport in China increased from 0.8851 to 0.9633 from 2010 to 2017. Moreover, the environmental efficiency gaps between the eastern, central and western areas have narrowed over time, but still exist. Additionally, the results of σ convergence analysis show that convergence of environmental efficiency exists in the whole country and the western area, while only weak convergence exists in the eastern and central areas. Both absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence exist in the eastern, central and western areas. While the environmental efficiency improved over the study period, the environmental efficiencies of road transport in some provinces remain inefficient, which deserves more attention from those seeking to improve environmental efficiency. The paper concludes with suggestions for improving the environmental efficiency of road transport.
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Nadeau, Rachel. "La place des municipalités dans la réglementation fédérale du transport des hydrocarbures : un rôle à solidifier." Revue générale de droit 48 (June 8, 2018): 57–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1047373ar.

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Les enjeux reliés au transport interprovincial des hydrocarbures font l’objet de nombreux débats, autant par rapport au transport par pipeline qu’au transport ferroviaire. La limitation des possibilités d’intervention des municipalités, aussi bien lors du processus d’élaboration et d’approbation de ces projets que lors de la planification des mesures d’urgence, est encore plus visible depuis la tragédie de Lac-Mégantic. Malgré les changements législatifs et réglementaires instaurés au cours des dernières années, parfois en raison de l’influence des organisations municipales, nous concluons qu’il demeure encore de nombreuses lacunes à combler avant que les préoccupations des municipalités en matière de sécurité et de protection de l’environnement soient adéquatement prises en compte.
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Roy-Baillargeon, Olivier, and Mario Gauthier. "Gouvernance et concertation métropolitaines à Ottawa-Gatineau : la planification et l’aménagement du territoire en contexte interprovincial." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 56, no. 157 (September 12, 2012): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1012217ar.

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Cet article s’intéresse au renouvellement des pratiques en matière de planification et d’aménagement du territoire dans la région métropolitaine interprovinciale d’Ottawa-Gatineau, où le développement urbain durable et la concertation à l’échelle métropolitaine sont récemment devenus des objectifs officiels de l’action publique. Les auteurs formulent l’hypothèse selon laquelle le manque de concertation des intervenants responsables de l’aménagement du territoire d’Ottawa-Gatineau est principalement attribuable à la complexité de la gouvernance métropolitaine ainsi qu’à leurs importantes divergences d’intérêts politiques, économiques et sociaux, ce qui constitue le principal obstacle à la coordination des transports et de l’urbanisme dans une perspective de développement durable à l’échelle métropolitaine. Ils démontrent que la concertation municipale y est en cours de généralisation, mais qu’elle présente encore des défaillances procédurales majeures et que la concertation interprovinciale y est amorcée depuis longtemps, mais ne figure toujours pas au sommet des priorités des organisations publiques.
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Zhao, H. Y., Q. Zhang, D. B. Guan, S. J. Davis, Z. Liu, H. Huo, J. T. Lin, W. D. Liu, and K. B. He. "Assessment of China's virtual air pollution transport embodied in trade by using a consumption-based emission inventory." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 10 (May 19, 2015): 5443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5443-2015.

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Abstract. Substantial anthropogenic emissions from China have resulted in serious air pollution, and this has generated considerable academic and public concern. The physical transport of air pollutants in the atmosphere has been extensively investigated; however, understanding the mechanisms how the pollutant was transferred through economic and trade activities remains a challenge. For the first time, we quantified and tracked China's air pollutant emission flows embodied in interprovincial trade, using a multiregional input–output model framework. Trade relative emissions for four key air pollutants (primary fine particle matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds) were assessed for 2007 in each Chinese province. We found that emissions were significantly redistributed among provinces owing to interprovincial trade. Large amounts of emissions were embodied in the imports of eastern regions from northern and central regions, and these were determined by differences in regional economic status and environmental policy. It is suggested that measures should be introduced to reduce air pollution by integrating cross-regional consumers and producers within national agreements to encourage efficiency improvement in the supply chain and optimize consumption structure internationally. The consumption-based air pollutant emission inventory developed in this work can be further used to attribute pollution to various economic activities and final demand types with the aid of air quality models.
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Gavidia García, José Luis, Eddy Stalin Alvarado Pacheco, and Luis Alfonso Condo Plaza. "Technical Methodology for the Integral Homologation of the Public Transport of Interprovincial Buses." International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review 6, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcrar.2018.607.004.

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Guerrero Godoy, Susana del Rocío, Jenny Margoth Villamarin Padilla, and Monserrat Amparo Padilla Muñoz. "Emprendimientos y modelos matemáticos de transporte y logística en la ciudad de Riobamba." ConcienciaDigital 3, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33262/concienciadigital.v3i3.1318.

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El transporte es considerado de gran importancia a nivel internacional ha permitido grandes impactos positivos que permite la evolución económica a gran escala, más aún en países considerados en vías de desarrollo en pequeñas ciudades el emprendimiento del transporte en los últimos años se ve representado en la afluencia de operadoras de transporte pesado, livianos ejecutivos, urbano que de una forma u otra impacta en la economía local. En el presente estudio determinas la cantidad de operadoras registradas en nuestra ciudad, pues es considerada una ciudad pequeña, pero existe gran cantidad de vehículos destinados a generar ingresos locales, e interprovinciales los que dinamizan la actividad económica en el país, la infraestructura logística que cuenta nuestra ciudad aún tiene algunos pendientes en cuanto a planificación sumado a esto el ingreso vehicular de otras provincias.
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Córdova-Suárez, M., E. Barreno-Ávila, P. Villacrés-Cevallos, and O. Ruíz-Robalino. "Transport externalities of bus stations produced by Greenhouse Gas (GHG)." E3S Web of Conferences 167 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016704001.

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It is established that the interprovincial transportation in bus terminals of the Cities such as Ambato, Riobamba, Salcedo, Latacunga and Guaranda have contributed to the build-up of external costs of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) The climate change costs are calculated by multiplying the carbon emissions by the cost factor. To quantify the GHG emissions, this study has taken into account of both the direct and indirect sources of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG), as well as the ISO 14064.1: 2006 standard. In view thereof, it was found that the 11 bus terminals of the five cities, namely Latacunga, Riobamba Salcedo, Ambato, Guaranda-which accounts for around 3225 buses, had accounted for the emissions of 25,746.8 tCO2eq, 37,404.6 tCO2eq, 8,762.7 tCO2eq, 92,364.9 tCO2eq, 31,990.3 tCO2eq, respectively. Simply, the average load of such pollution produced per vehicle was 60.8 tCO2eq. and the total emissions were 196,269.3 tCO2eq with an estimated GHG contamination cost of €27,477,702 per year.
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Ojiro, Makoto, Yuli Pan, and Mingxin Shu. "Beijing–Tongjiang Expressway, People’s Republic of China: Development Impact Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1846, no. 1 (January 2003): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1846-03.

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The government of the People’s Republic of China is constructing a national trunk highway system, a 35,000-km network of interprovincial expressways, during 1991–2010. As part of this network, a priority 1,867-km Beijing–Tongjiang route in northeastern China has recently been completed, costing about 37 billion yuan. As a result, developmental impacts are beginning to emerge. An evaluation is presented of the impact of the new Beijing–Tongjiang route on transport services, economic activities, social services, and environmental and social issues. Changes in economic and social indicators were quantified by comparing ( a) before-and-after project conditions, ( b) the project area and a control area, and ( c) the project area situation and national or provincial trends. Recognizing the difficulty in isolating the expressway impact from other factors, the study concluded that the new route is associated with local economic development because of improved accessibility. Travel time has been reduced from 35 to 17 h for cars. Industrial plants have been built along the expressway, and tourism has developed along it. Some feeder roads upgraded along with expressway construction now serve 3.3 million rural residents in Liaoning Province.
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Guirgis, Mina, Kanwal Kumar, Shelley Zieroth, Roger Philipp, Alan H. Menkis, and Darren H. Freed. "Interprovincial spoke-to-hub transport using the Impella Recover LP 5.0 left ventricular assist device as a bridge to long-term circulatory support." Canadian Journal of Cardiology 26, no. 8 (October 2010): e320-e322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0828-282x(10)70443-8.

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20

Astija, Sitti, and Ardiana Yuli Puspitasari. "PENGARUH PELABUHAN SEBAGAI SIMPUL PERTUMBUHAN TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH STUDI KASUS : PELABUHAN PAELANGKUTA NUSANTARA RAHA." Jurnal Planologi 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jpsa.v14i1.3855.

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ABSTRACTMuna is an archipelago in Southeast Sulawesi, so as to distribute the crops and the potential of the region in Muna are more optimal by using of sea transportation. The port is expected to support the activities of loading and unloading of goods, up and down the passenger activities, so that the ship visits activity took place smoothly. On the other hand the port has a function of interface, meaning that it provides a variety of facilities and services which is required for transferring from ship to the land transportation and move goods from one ship to others. Node port terminal growth Paelangkuta Raha archipelago is a port-type collector. The port terminal is used as transportation among regions within the province or interprovincial. As well as being a place of transporting goods distribution services in the area of Muna Regency universal. The purpose of this study was to know the Influence of growth Node of Port Paelangkuta Raha toward Muna Regional development. To achieve these objectives, quantitative research in rationalistic approach is used in this research by using a simple linear regression analysis using SPSS16 application. Regional development made possible by the central growth which is based on the development of human resources and natural resources, both types of resource development takes place so that raises the flow of goods. Raw material is transported from producing areas to the plant site and the goods results are transported from producer to consumer. The findings from this research is that the growth Node of Port Paelangkuta Raha Muna affect the development area. Keywords: Node, Growth
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21

Zhao, H. Y., Q. Zhang, S. J. Davis, D. Guan, Z. Liu, H. Huo, J. T. Lin, W. D. Liu, and K. B. He. "Assessment of China's virtual air pollution transport embodied in trade by a consumption-based emission inventory." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 18 (October 9, 2014): 25617–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-25617-2014.

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Abstract. High anthropogenic emissions from China have resulted in serious air pollution, and it has attracted considerable academic and public concern. The physical transport of air pollutants in the atmosphere has been extensively investigated, however, understanding the mechanisms how the pollutants were transferred through economic and trade activities remains challenge. In this work, we assessed China's virtual air pollutant transport embodied in trade, by using consumption-based accounting approach. We first constructed a consumption-based emission inventory for China's four key air pollutants (primary PM2.5, sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC)) in 2007, based on the bottom-up sectoral emission inventory concerning their production activities – a production-based inventory. We used a multiregional input-output (MRIO) model to integrate the sectoral production-based emissions and the associated economic and trade activities, and finally obtained consumption-based inventory. Unlike the production-based inventory, the consumption-based inventory tracked emissions throughout the supply chain related to the consumption of goods and services and hereby identified the emission flows followed the supply chains. From consumption-based perspective, emissions were significantly redistributed among provinces due to interprovincial trade. Large amount of emissions were embodied in the net imports of east regions from northern and central regions; these were determined by differences in the regional economic status and environmental policies. We also calculated the emissions embodied in exported and imported goods and services. It is found that 15–23% of China's pollutant emissions were related to exports for foreign consumption; that proportion was much higher for central and export-oriented coastal regions. It is suggested that measures should be introduced to reduce air pollution by integrating cross-regional consumers and producers in national agreements to encourage efficiency improvement in the supply chain and optimizing consumption structure internationally. The consumption-based air pollutants emission inventory developed in this work can be further used to attribute pollution to different economic activities and final demand types with the aid of air quality models.
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22

Otis, Ghislain, and David Robitaille. "L’inapplicabilité de la Charte québécoise des droits aux entreprises fédérales : mythe ou réalité?" Revue générale de droit 47, no. 1 (July 13, 2017): 77–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040497ar.

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Selon une position dominante, les employés, les clients et les fournisseurs des entreprises fédérales présentes au Québec, notamment les banques, les entreprises de télécommunications et de transport interprovincial, et les sociétés d’aéronautique, ne peuvent se prévaloir des droits prévus par la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne du Québec à l’encontre de ces entreprises. Il en serait ainsi parce que l’application de la Charte constituerait un empiétement inacceptable sur les compétences fédérales exclusives. Une jurisprudence bien établie reconnaît toutefois que les lois provinciales valides peuvent s’appliquer aux entreprises fédérales, et ce, même pour des matières relevant du coeur des compétences fédérales. Nous soumettrons ainsi que, généralement, la Charte québécoise s’applique aux entreprises fédérales. Puisque la Charte fait partie du droit de la responsabilité civile et que ce dernier a déjà été jugé comme ne faisant pas, sauf exception, partie du coeur des compétences fédérales, il ne fait aucun doute que, dans ce contexte, la Charte s’applique. L’on ne peut non plus présumer que dans ses fonctions préventive et coercitive, la Charte ne puisse s’appliquer, puisque depuis l’arrêt Banque canadienne de l’Ouest, il ne suffit plus qu’une loi provinciale touche le coeur d’une compétence fédérale pour être déclarée inapplicable; encore faudra-t-il que l’entreprise ne souhaitant pas respecter une loi provinciale valide démontre une entrave à l’exercice des activités relevant du coeur de cette compétence, sur la base de faits caractéristiques.
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Li, Jing, Hong Fang, Siran Fang, Zhiming Zhang, and Pengyuan Zhang. "Embodied Energy Use in China’s Transportation Sector: A Multi-Regional Input–Output Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 25, 2021): 7873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157873.

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Energy transition in the transport sector (TS) is important for the goals of achieving carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 in China. A number of scholars have conducted studies to identify the potential energy savings of the TS and to improve its energy efficiency. Most of them concentrate on the direct energy use (EU). The indirect EU along the supply chain of the TS is often neglected. In this paper, the direct and indirect energy use, i.e., the embodied EU, of China’s TS is measured by applying a multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model, where they are investigated from both the provincial and sectoral perspectives. Results show that intermediate use is the major driving force for the TS’s embodied EU in China. From the sectoral level, supply from sectors such as petroleum refining and coking and demand from the service sector are the main reasons of the TS’s embodied EU. From the provincial perspective, the TS’s embodied EU is driven by low transportation technologies in most provinces located in central and western China. By contrast, abundant economic and social activities are the primary reason for the TS’s embodied EU in most provinces in eastern China. In the terms of interprovincial transfer, the energy embodied in the TS flows from resource-intensive provinces located in central and western China to resource-deficient provinces in eastern China. In addition, a close geographical connection exists in the transfer. Finally, several strategies from the sectoral and provincial levels are provided for policymakers.
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Yang, X. F., H. Liu, H. Y. Man, and K. B. He. "Characterization of road freight transportation and its impact on the national emission inventory in China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 4 (February 26, 2015): 2105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2105-2015.

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Abstract. Diesel trucks are major contributors of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and primary particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in the transportation sector. However, there are more obstacles to existing estimations of diesel-truck emissions compared with those of cars. The obstacles include both inappropriate methodology and missing basic data in China. According to our research, a large number of trucks are conducting long-distance intercity or interprovincial transportation. Thus, the method used by most existing inventories, based on local registration number, is inappropriate. A road emission intensity-based (REIB) approach is introduced in this research instead of registration-population-based approach. To provide efficient data for the REIB approach, 1060 questionnaire responses and approximately 1.7 million valid seconds of onboard GPS monitoring data were collected in China. The estimated NOx and PM2.5 emissions from diesel freight trucks in China were 5.0 (4.8–7.2) million tonnes and 0.20 (0.17–0.22) million tonnes, respectively, in 2011. The province-based emission inventory is also established using the REIB approach. It was found that the driving conditions on different types of road have significant impacts on the emission levels of freight trucks. The largest differences among the emission factors (in g km−1) on different roads exceed 70 and 50% for NOx and PM2.5, respectively. A region with more intercity freeways or national roads tends to have more NOx emissions, while urban streets play a more important role in primary PM2.5 emissions from freight trucks. Compared with the inventory of the Ministry of Environment Protection, which allocates emissions according to local truck registration number and neglects interregional long-distance transport trips, the differences for NOx and PM2.5 are +28 and −57%, respectively. The REIB approach matches better with traffic statistical data on a provincial level. Furthermore, the different driving conditions on the different roads types are no longer overlooked with this approach.
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Mehmood, Khalid, Yujie Wu, Liqiang Wang, Shaocai Yu, Pengfei Li, Xue Chen, Zhen Li, et al. "Relative effects of open biomass burning and open crop straw burning on haze formation over central and eastern China: modeling study driven by constrained emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 2419–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2419-2020.

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Abstract. Open biomass burning (OBB) has a high potential to trigger local and regional severe haze with elevated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations and could thus deteriorate ambient air quality and threaten human health. Open crop straw burning (OCSB), as a critical part of OBB, emits abundant gaseous and particulate pollutants, especially in fields with intensive agriculture, such as in central and eastern China (CEC). This region includes nine provinces, i.e., Hubei, Anhui, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Fujian. The first four ones are located inland, while the others are on the eastern coast. However, uncertainties in current OCSB and other types of OBB emissions in chemical transport models (CTMs) lead to inaccuracies in evaluating their impacts on haze formations. Satellite retrievals provide an alternative that can be used to simultaneously quantify emissions of OCSB and other types of OBB, such as the Fire INventory from NCAR version 1.5 (FINNv1.5), which, nevertheless, generally underestimates their magnitudes due to unresolved small fires. In this study, we selected June 2014 as our study period, which exhibited a complete evolution process of OBB (from 1 to 19 June) over CEC. During this period, OBB was dominated by OCSB in terms of the number of fire hotspots and associated emissions (74 %–94 %), most of which were located at Henan and Anhui (> 60 %) with intensive enhancements from 5 to 14 June (> 80 %). OCSB generally exhibits a spatiotemporal correlation with regional haze over the central part of CEC (Henan, Anhui, Hubei, and Hunan), while other types of OBB emissions had influences on Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Fujian. Based on these analyses, we establish a constraining method that integrates ground-level PM2.5 measurements with a state-of-art fully coupled regional meteorological and chemical transport model (the two-way coupled WRF-CMAQ) in order to derive optimal OBB emissions based on FINNv1.5. It is demonstrated that these emissions allow the model to reproduce meteorological and chemical fields over CEC during the study period, whereas the original FINNv1.5 underestimated OBB emissions by 2–7 times, depending on specific spatiotemporal scales. The results show that OBB had substantial impacts on surface PM2.5 concentrations over CEC. Most of the OBB contributions were dominated by OCSB, especially in Henan, Anhui, Hubei, and Hunan, while other types of OBB emissions also exerted an influence in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Fujian. With the concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) method, potential OCSB sources leading to severe haze in Henan, Anhui, Hubei, and Hunan were pinpointed. The results show that the OCSB emissions in Henan and Anhui can cause haze not only locally but also regionally through regional transport. Combining with meteorological analyses, we can find that surface weather patterns played a cardinal role in reshaping spatial and temporal characteristics of PM2.5 concentrations. Stationary high-pressure systems over CEC enhanced local PM2.5 concentrations in Henan and Anhui. Then, with the evolution of meteorological patterns, Hubei and Hunan in the low-pressure system were impacted by areas (i.e., Henan and Anhui) enveloped in the high-pressure system. These results suggest that policymakers should strictly undertake interprovincial joint enforcement actions to prohibit irregular OBB, especially OCSB over CEC. Constrained OBB emissions can, to a large extent, supplement estimations derived from satellite retrievals as well as reduce overestimates of bottom-up methods.
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Huamán Olarte, Ramón Julio, and Elydia C. Mujica Alban. "Factores asociados a calidad de sueño en conductores informales de buses interprovinciales a gran altitud geográfica en Perú." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 81, no. 2 (July 3, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v81i2.18105.

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Objetivo. Determinar factores asociados a calidad de sueño (CS) en conductores informales de transporte interprovincial en la carretera central Lima-Huancayo durante el primer trimestre del 2018. Métodos. Estudio transversal. Se obtuvo datos sociodemográficos y ocupacionales. Se aplicó el Índice de Calidad de Sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP). Se obtuvo la prevalencia y factores asociados a CS. Resultados. Participaron 162 conductores. La edad promedio fue 42 ± 10,2 años, 55,6% tenía grado de instrucción técnico, 42% eran casados, 55,6% presentaba dos a tres hijos, 54,9% tenía sobrepeso y 32,1% obesidad. La media del tiempo de experiencia laboral fue 17 ± 6,8 años. El ICSP promedio fue 8,1 ± 3. El 89,6 % presentaba alta frecuencia de CS alterada con grados variables. La edad (p = 0,03) fue el factor asociado a CS alterada. Conclusión. Existe una alta prevalencia de CS alterada en conductores informales. La edad constituyó el principal factor asociado a CS.
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Maipita, Indra. "FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERDAGANGAN ANTAR WILAYAH DI SUMATERA UTARA." Quantitative Economics Journal 2, no. 2 (March 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/qej.v2i2.17429.

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This study aims to analyze the factors that affect trade between regions in the province of North Sumatra. Agrerat demand model was developed to regional economic model using simultaneous equations. 2 SLS method (two stage least squares) is used to estimate the function of inter-regional trade, interprovincial and expo rt fun ctions b etween province s impo rt fun ction. The estimation res ults indicate that the difference between the export price and the provincial transport costs have an influence on interprovincial trade balance, while the import price differences between provinces, other provinces income, revenue North Sumatra province, did not sign ificantly affect the balance of trade between provinces
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Gabler, Dénes. "A belső vámok szerepe a rajnai és a dunai provinciák importált kerámiaspektrumában." Dissertationes Archaeologicae, January 16, 2015, 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17204/dissarch.2014.45.

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The political, strategical and cultural blocks in the Roman Empire functioned as economic units as well. The European provinces can be divided in two major groups: the Gaulish – Germanian provinces and the ones in the Danube valley. The economic development of these two areas differed significantly not only at certain points in time, but diverged all through the centuries of the Imperial period. The establishment of customs districts and the organisation of their administrative network played an important role in forming these economic units. Experience has provided evidence that the distribution of certain goods transported too far from their production areas can be recorded by the borders between customs districts. It can be contemplated that the markets may have been divided to facilitate the quick and efficient supply of the two main armies in Europe: namely in the Rhine region and in Illyricum. This supply could have been made possible by the clear distinction between shipments. A certain duality is apparent both in the spectrum of imported pottery and sources concerning the problem of which customs district Raetia belonged to? Some features in the composition of types within the imported material (Italian terra sigillata of the Tiberian – Claudian period, Sarius-ware, glazed Italian pottery, lamps, Raetian pottery) indicate strong economic ties with the Danubian provinces. Other ware however, reveals differences between the two areas (terra sigillata tardo-padana, thin-walled pottery, amphorae, terra sigillata produced in Westerndorf or Pfaffenhofen). This contradiction should perhaps be explained by suggesting the change in customs borders by annexion of the province. That is, a customs district may be regarded as an economic unit and as such must be taken into consideration, when the distribution of several interprovincial types of finds is discussed.
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Tirado Tejada, Lic Carlos, Lic Susana Villanueva Pérez, Lic Neri Huamán Cueva, and Lic Francisco Sarmiento Cerquín. "TENDENCIAS DEL PERFIL DELTURISTA NACIONAL QUE VISITA CAJAMARCA / TRENDS OF THE NATIONAL TOURIST PROFILE WHO VISIT CAJAMARCA." LOGOS 2, no. 1 (June 27, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/log.v2i1.348.

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RESUMEN Hablar del perfil del turista que visita Cajamarca, implica determinar la finalidad con la que se visita nuestra localidad, que fundamentalmente debería ser el conocer los diferentes recursos turísticos con los que cuenta el departamento de Cajamarca. Sin embargo, podemos apreciar que dentro de las motivaciones para conocer nuestra localidad, están el descanso y relajamiento a quienes aluden viajan para conocer nuevos lugares, y en último lugar conocer los recursos turísticos; es decir, que los recursos turísticos no son la prioridad que motiva a los turistas para visitarnos. Asimismo, se llega a la conclusión de que el medio que despierta el interés en viajar son los comentarios y experiencias de familiares y amigos; en menos porcentaje de internet y folletos turísticos. El medio principal de transporte utilizado son las empresas interprovinciales, y el alojamiento en los diferentes hoteles, finalmente, dentro de motivos y razones tenemos las vacaciones, recreación y conocer los recursos turísticos. Es resaltante indicar que las instituciones involucradas en el desarrollo del turismo no podrían realizar una planificación para el desarrollo turístico, si es que tenemos una ciudad con conflictos sociales y políticos, los que han ocasionado que los turistas potenciales vean a Cajamarca como una ciudad conflictiva. La percepción de los turistas es que una ciudad en la que hay conflictos sociales, es una ciudad insegura al momento de realizar su visita y esto genera una reducción importante en los flujos turísticos, así como pérdidas económicas para las empresas de este sector. ABSTRACT To talk about the profile of the tourists who visit Cajamarca, involves determining why they visit our town and the main purpose of their visit should be to learn more about all the resources Cajamarca has. However, we can see that among all the reasons people have to visit our department of Cajamarca are the ones of relaxation, enjoyment and of course knowing new places and in last position we can find the one of learning about our touristic resources; it means that the touristic resources are not priority for the tourists. As well, we know that people travel because they have heard nice reviews from families and friends rather than finding information in the internet or in touristic brochures. The main means of transport used is the inter provincial companies. People who travel prefer to stay at hotels and the main purpose of their trip is for vacation, relaxation and for knowing new places. It is important to highlight that all the organizations involved in the tourism issues are not going to be able to make a plan for the touristic development unless the city solves all its social and political problems, which have caused that all our prospect tourists see Cajamarca as a city full of conflicts. Tourists think that a city with such problems is not a safe place to visit and this is the reason why we have less tourists visiting our city as well as financial losses in companies of this sector.
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