Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transports maritimes – Mesures de sécurité'
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Bellayer-Roille, Alexandra. "Le transport maritime et les politiques de sécurite de l'union européenne." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10409.
Full textSam-Lefebvre, Awa. "La sécurité du passager dans le transport maritime." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT4020.
Full textThe concept of risk governs maritime navigation. The maritime transport has significant risks that are both inherent in the environment, the used equipments and staff on board. The risks management is necessary to prevent maritime disasters as the shipwrecks of the Estonia, the Joola, the Al Salam Boccaccio and, recently, the MV Spice Lander Tanzania which they stemmed the security flaws governing the sector. We must protect passengers in ensuring the safety and the security of maritime navigation. The regulation, dispersed by the geographic application of conventions more or less extensive according to their ratification by states, makes the questions more difficult. In this context, revisit the whole issue of passenger safety is paramount importance. Then, It will necessary to review the risk management and the failures of maritime regulation by redefining the responsibilities, whether that of the carrier, first contact of the passenger, the ship builder, classification societies or the pavilion State
Lefrançois, Amandine. "L'usage de la certification, nouvelle approche de la sécurité dans les transports maritimes." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT4003.
Full textA context of intense competition in the field of maritime industry show the lack of consideration given by international law to the social and human aspects of maritime transports safety. In an attempt to reach optimal safety, members states of IMO shaped innovative tools, by increasingly borrowing from technical norms and management. The first stage of this process is the use of certification of conformity, and then quality insurance is used in a maritime version leading to safety insurance. States' role has been modified by this new morphology of the law: better defined, flag state's role — undermined by flag of convenience — may find a counterpart in the port state's. More specialised, the necessary controls need specialised agents to carry them out, the responsibility of which must be defined in the event of an accident. Finally, a globalisation phenomenon may be identified in maritime transports safety, leading to the increasingly broad use of managerial concepts, making this specific law catch up lost decades
Konan, Koffi Eric. "Les risques liés au transport maritime : étude sur la sécurité et la sûreté maritimes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D003.
Full textEvery maritime expedition is a new adventure and that, the seafarers know something about it. This idea of a new adventure reflects the diversity of maritime risks that this research has proposed to deal with. Today, there is an increase in capacity marked by a trend of chartering of giga container ships, vessels and tankers. This increase in capacity is not without an increase in maritime risks. Thus, the persistence of maritime collisions, the failure of vessels and accidental pollution by ships have revealed, over the years, the short comings, but also the non-observance of the legal framework regulating maritime transport. These risks of shipping, with sometimes catastrophic consequences, the effective management of which is still beyond the reach of maritime actors and organizations, are exacerbated by threats of piracy, terrorism, smuggling of migrants, narcotics and firearms. Faced with this situation which does not facilitate the operation of ships, if not shipping, we have seized the framework of this research to classify these risks. Depending on whether they affect maritime safety (traditional shipping risks) or affect maritime security (maritime threats) in order to make their examination accessible, but also to remove the many confusions to which these two concepts lend themselves. This review proved to bean indispensable step in considering alternatives, essentially legal, forthe effective handling of such maritime risks. If the vigilance of the maritime actors is essential for the effective management (prevention and control) of the risks linked to maritime transport, the law in this area must follow, in the face of constantly changing and widening risks
Madoungou, Ndjeunda Guy Merlo. "Contribution à l'étude de la sécurité et de la sûreté portuaire dans les pays de la cote ouest africaine." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3007.
Full textGualino, Tamonino Matthieu. "La gouvernance de la sûreté des transports." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10068.
Full textLe résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur
Eudeline, Hugues. "Le terrorisme maritime et les flux énergétiques internationaux." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE4029.
Full textMaritime trade has developed quickly since World War II and is vital to the global economy. During this time, decolonization and the end of political bipolarization have given rise to the rebirth of jihadism whose most radical militants carry out terrorism. This strategy has proven to be valid and now terrorists want to provide it with legal justification. World Islamic Front organizations have broadened their scope, carrying out strategic global terrorism that could create a state of economic uncertainty and social chaos through the disruption of interregional trade. The maritime part of this strategy has grown steadily, however, it has been masked by the far more dramatic and frequent ground attacks. The flow of energy transportation is primarily maritime. Could its disruption destabilize the global economy to such a level that the jihadists achieve the political objectives they have set? The study of the different components of maritime criminal violence at sea (terrorism, piracy, all sorts of smuggling…) proves that their modus operandi tend to merge under some form of financing, tactical and technological barter that transcends ideological differences. Although their respective objectives are different, a nexus between sea pirates and maritime terrorists is possible by the use of coercion. Nevertheless, it will remain numerically limited compared with ground terrorism due to the relative scarcity of the population of seafarers. Their impact, combined with those of other forms of strategic terrorism, however, can have a devastating effect on a weakened global economy
Ismaili, Syrine. "Le facteur humain dans la mise en oeuvre de la sécurité et de la sûreté maritimes : analyse de l'inscription de la Tunisie dans l'ordonnancement juridique international." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20003/document.
Full textThe frequency of maritime accidents and the extent of the damage some of them cause, can cast doubt on the effectiveness of maritime safety and security measures. At the same time, the ever increasing rôle played by man in such occurrences has been steadily recognized. Sailors' living and working conditions on board, crew size and working hours are just a few ofthe significant factors wich have contributed to human error. As a result, such factors, should not be excluded from the global organizational system when considering accident prevention. Nevertheless, throughout the word, legislative measures including these elements are either few and far between, only partially applied or immensely difficult to enforce during maritime inspections. Even if this observation varies from one maritime state to another, Tunisia is no exception. Shortcomings in the field range from, flaws in the adoption of laws, to ineffective law implementation, without forgetting the level of control they are granted. This paper will detect the causes behind this situation and go some way in attempting to remedy the failings
Pons, Myriam. "L’Union européenne et la sécurité des transports maritimes de marchandises et substances dangereuses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1012.
Full textMaritime transport has strategic importance for the economy of the European Union. Each year, one billion tons of oil pass through the ports and waters of the EU. Two billion tons of goods are loaded and unloaded in its ports. Because of the disastrous consequences the sinking of Amoco Cadiz has had on the environment and economy, the European Union continues to develop and strengthen its policy on maritime safety in order to put an end to substandard shipping, primarily through the effective application of international rules. Since 1993, the European Union and its Member States are at the forefront improving legislation on the safety of maritime transport of dangerous goods and substances, striving to eliminate substandard ships, increase protection of the crew, reduce the risk of environmental pollution. The EU is insuring operators who are following the best practices, compared to those who are willing to take shortcuts with the safety of ships, are not commercially disadvantaged. Accidents of the Erika and Prestige encouraged the EU to radically reform its legal system and to adopt new rules and standards for the prevention of accidents at sea, particularly those involving tankers. For more than thirty years the European Union has not stopped to strengthen and to improve its legislation in order to better protect itself against the risks of pollution due to maritime transports of dangerous goods. It has updated its regulation consecutivly to several accidents which damaged its coasts ; that is why the safety of maritme transport will always be evolving
Fournier, Mélanie. "L'apport de l'imagerie satellitale à la surveillance maritime. Contribution géographique et géopolitique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829998.
Full textZinsou, Amour Christian. "Le memorandum d'entente d'Abuja et le renforcement de la sécurité des transports maritimes en Afrique." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=6c0b53ba-deeb-40fc-bae2-36177266ecb7.
Full textThe Memorandum of understanding on Port State control for the West and Central African region has been signed on October, 22nd 1999 during the 3rd meeting on the co-operation as regards control of the ships by the Port state. On 19 maritime Administrations having taken part in the two preparatory meetings, 16 representatives of the maritime Administrations signed what it is advisable to call from now on the birth certificate of the great dialogue of the under-area as regards control of the ships by the Port state. The birth of the Memorandum of Understanding of Abuja devotes in Africa competences of the Port state as regards control of the foreign ships. It is the development of the international law which supported this evolution which moderates the secular principle of the law of the house which the ship since then obeyed and which did not function always well. The MOU of Abuja thus institutes clearly the “port state control” which consists with of a visit on board a ship in order to check the validity of the certificates and other documents relevant to the purpose of the Memorandum, as well as the condition of the ship, its equipment and crew, as well as the living and working conditions of the crew. It also aims environmental protection by the respect of International conventions. Having still the legal nature of “soft law”, the MOU of Abuja meets many obstacles for its implementation in order to reduce and to eliminate the ships under standards which attend the African ports. Even if it is a relevant agreement by its reference to International conventions as regards safety and also an instrument of communautarization of the right of the maritime safety in Africa, there slightly remains nevertheless applied. Wouldn't it gain with being communautarized like was to it that of Paris in a African common policy of the safety of the maritime transport for its effectiveness?
Dorkenoo, Koffi. "La sécurité du commerce international : les rapports entre les ventes maritimes, le crédit documentaire et le contrat de transport maritime." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32045.
Full textThe study of the rules governing the international sales of goods reveals a major concern : the need of security. Because, in international trade, ordinary risks increase and particular risks appear. In order to get an answer to this need of security, there is between the three principal instruments of trade, notably, the contract of sale, the documentary credit and the contract of carriage, a true dialectical relationship. This has insured since the beginning of this century a struct security of the international transactions (first part). Nevertheless, when we put together these classic facts with the multimodal transport, container transport, new types of saling and electronic data interchanges, can we say that the need of security is really reached? this work gives us the answer to this question and suggests, if necessary, some solutions (second part)
Lagdami, Khanssa. "Les enjeux de la sécurité et de la sûreté maritimes en mer Méditerranée." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4016.
Full textThe Mediterranean sea, semi-enclosed sea representing 1 % of the globe, is a compulsory sea road between Europe and Asia. It concentrates 25 % of world seaborne trade, including a third of oil supplies and a fifth container traffic passing through it annually. Every day a thousand ships transit at sea or stop at ports in full swing. Maritime activity is intense and inherent to this crossroads in a permanent movement. All the more so as that this sea is affected by a strong sinistrality (maritime accidents, oil dumping). Moreover, other dangers are strongly present, especially illegal immigration, drugs traffic, and the threat of terrorism. This fragility is amplified by a lack of uniformity in the application of the international regulations and by the particular status of the Mediterranean towards of the Law of the sea. Indeed, the delimitation of the EEZ in the Mediterranean is difficult. This situation favors the creation of lawless areas, and is the cause of several disputes in this sea. Through this thesis, we propose in a first step, a global view of the vulnerability of the Mediterranean and the various international and regional rules applying this and in a second step analyzes the actions to be taken by States (especially those in the south) to achieve efficiency in the application of international standards of maritime safety and security
Langard, Benoît. "La gestion du risque d'abordage dans le domaine du transport maritime : proposition d'un modèle générique tridimensionnel de la sécurité." Thesis, Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS345/document.
Full textThis thesis belongs in the general theoretical area of the safety of complex systems. Its field of application is the merchant navy. Its object is twofold: 1. To investigate the management of collision risks by a systemic approach which takes into account both factors leading to failure and those leading to success; and, 2. To explore the links between three concepts of safety : Safety culture, Safety Management Systems and Resilience. Safety culture is a subset of the overall organizational culture. It consists of a set of values, beliefs, attitudes, norms and practices concerning safety. Shared by members of an organization, this directly influences behaviour at work. The first step in the research was to study the marine transportation system and collisions between merchant vessels listed by the United Kingdom’s Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB), focussing on two areas: the safety barriers system and the main failures leading to accidents. Qualitative and quantitative methods were then applied to gain an understanding of the safety culture of a shipping company with a good safety record. Analysis of this company’s management system showed it to be effective: it was built on a strong reporting system and seemed to be participatory. A survey of the safety climate was conducted with several crews, using a questionnaire inspired by Håvold’s questionnaire. This showed that a large majority of the company’s personnel had a positive safety culture, although the scores were significantly influenced by the duty and the hierarchical level of individual respondents. Finally, the activities of bridge watchkeeping officers were studied to identify diachronic and synchronic mechanisms implemented to manage the collision risk. The results of these studies enable a discussion of the relationship between Safety Culture, Resilience and Safety Management System. A proposal for a generic three-dimensional safety model shows that Safety Culture seems to act as the mediator of the other two concepts. Safety Culture would also allow the system to maintain a significant portion of “managed safety”, complementing a strong element of “prescribed safety” flowing from regulation
Barnier, Louis-Marie. "Entre service public et service privé : la valorisation du travail dans le transport aérien." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100091.
Full textThe French air deregulation, since 1987, with the privatisation policy, disrupt the work context in this sector. The different parts of air labour studied here – air attendants, ground handling, check-in, pilots – decline work in common configuration, the “global figure always changing” from N. Elias. The working act is writing as a contradictory fact between the both paradigms, profitability and public service. The ambivalent nature of the work's bureaucratic normalization make theatre of stakes. The same problem occur with redefines of cooperation between professional groups and air technical paradigm, The improvement of value and of the image of work in the imaginary representation, consists for the salaried in defending, in the imposed profitability context, the public service dimension, especially air safety
Rouzies, Françoise. "La question de la sécurité dans l'aviation civile : la navigation aérienne à l'épreuve de la société du risque." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010724.
Full textLauga, Jean-Charles. "La notion de sûreté à l'épreuve des spécificités des déplacements aériens et ferroviaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0461.
Full textIt will have taken only one century to revolutionize the transport habits of travelers through the popularization of rail and then civil aviation. This revolution has gradually been accompanied by new passenger protection rules, particularly on "security" aspects. The goal of this research work is to draw up a general definition of "transport security" from the legal study of civil aviation security and of railway security concepts and the particularities of these two means of transport
Otsa'a, Nguema Daenis. "Sécurité et sûreté maritimes dans le golfe de Guinée : Diagnostic et évaluation des politiques pour un apport conceptuel et pratique de la sécurisation maritime régionale." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT3004.
Full textOne limited to the simple role of communication channel used to search for new unknown lands with the use of resources, maritime spaces and their related activities have gradually evolved into a controversial topic today. The issues have also presented threats and risks of vulnerability, associated with binomial “safety-security”, in a field where economies and populations have a strong maritime emphasis. This paradoxical maritime trend has not been overlooked by the coastal State of the Gulf of Guinea (the Ivory Coast to Angola), which were already involved at the beginning of the negotiations which led to what was called, the “Yalta sea” (in reference to the Montego Bay Convention of December 10, 1982). Today, they are trying to find solutions to the phenomenon of maritime insecurity through more community responses rather than individual ones. As part of global geography of strategic regions, they cannot and must not remain on the sidelines of the acceleration of security and logistics, which require different levels of communal sharing of control and prevention methods. But, while it is no longer time for the prevarication of communal sharing efforts, it is time for the assessment of policies used up to now, which have, to some degree, shown to be limited. In fact, regional maritime insecurity is not potentially or spatially manifested in the same way, according to the States or regions considered. Yet, despite a disparate consideration of the regional maritime issues, maritime security challenges to be addressed are virtually the same and should guide an in depth study of conceptualization and practical security. This disparity of ideological, structural, material, and technical realities of the manifestation of threat and risk is not adequately addressed in regional cooperation, which by its excessive ambitions and homogenization of the maritime context, hardly takes into account the necessity of an evolutive multi-scalar dimension, based on local and national realities. Within the disciplinary field of geopolitics and maritime geostrategies, and more specifically, the issues of maritime security, this study, which considers national and regional factors of maritime vulnerability through the “Safety-Security” binomial, offers a contribution to the question, “why provide security”, but also “how to provide security”, across four strategies: the diagnosis of maritime vulnerability, the evaluation of responses of States to address it, the spatial heterogeneity of this vulnerability, and to propose multiscalar reforms in light of maritime security regionalism
Clostermann, Jean-Pierre. "Les facteurs humains au coeur de la sécurité maritime : la gestion des ressources en passerelle de navire." Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS319.
Full textIn recent years, spectacular maritime accidents have highlighted shortcomings in the management of normal operations, both at the local and at the organizational level. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) implements nowadays a policy of human factors (HF) training to try and reduce the number and cost of accidents. This PhD focuses on the management of all the available on the bridge of a merchant ship. The first section reviews the literature on the main HF models both at the level of individual and team cognition. It focuses on CRM training (Crew Resource Management) in several industries, including shipping, and compares them to the air transport standard. The second part describes three studies on the theme of human factors in handling the ship. A) An analysis of 27 collisions using a tool derived from Reason’s Swiss Cheese model: the HFACS (Human Factors Analysis and Classification System) highlights the dominance of decision errors and the existence of a specific class of accidents in which teamwork failures are central. B) An experiment conducted merchant ship. On a simulator shows the differences between experts and novices in the process of decision making, and provides methods to improve training. C) The third study, also conducted on a simulator, covers teamwork and communications aiming to build and maintain a shared situation awareness. It highlights shortcomings in the process of communication, significantly associated with poor performance. This work is a learning oriented coherent set of actions aimed at understanding and improving individual and team cognition during the handling of merchant ship
Ouadghiri, Abdel Hadi. "Sur les conditions d'utilisation des codes détecteurs d'erreurs dans les transmissions numériques nécessitant une sécurité quasi absolue : applications aux systèmes de transports et en particulier aux métros souterrains." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10039.
Full textVatin, Gabriel. "Formalisation d’un environnement d’aide à l’analyse géovisuelle : Application à la sécurité et sûreté de la maritimisation de l’energie." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0095.
Full textThe maritime space is still a sensitive area due to many accidents and dangers, such as collisions or pirate attacks. In order to ensure the control of safety and security of this area, it is essential to study near real-time movement information (surveillance) or past events (analysis). These studies aim at detecting part of criminal activities, assumed risks, and breaches of regulation. Maritime operators are then faced to large set of movement data, which must be studied with maps and visualizations. However, their current tools are limited in terms of analysis capacities. The use of geovisual analytics has proved great effectiveness in the academic world, and could allow operators to discover knowledge within maritime traffic data. However, these are not used yet in the operational word for studying maritime risks.In this context, we propose a geovisual analytics support system that will guide in the analysis led by users, and in the use of these many visualizations. Our research methodology is based on the formalization of use cases, of users and of several visualization methods. Ontologies and rules are used to create a knowledge-based system, which is used to select adequate solutions for visualizing and analyzing movement data, applied to the maritime domain. Some examples of risk analysis at sea are then presented to illustrate its use
Chantelauve, Guillaume. "Evaluation des risques et réglementation de la sécurité : Cas du secteur maritime - Tendances et applications." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780595.
Full textAftab, Zohaib. "Simulation dynamique de perte d'équilibre : Application aux passagers debout de transport en commun." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10243/document.
Full textLoss of balance is a common phenomenon in our society resulting in injuries and even deaths each year. Among other common sources of destabilization such as slips or trips from an obstacle, the public transportation vehicles are a major source of balance-related injuries to its passengers. Accidental data suggest that the passenger casualties in these vehicles are common, especially to the standing and the elderly passengers, mainly due to the sudden acceleration/deceleration changes of the vehicle. These injuries as well as associated discomfort may discourage people from using these means of transport resulting in adverse economic and societal effects. In this context, the security of the standing passengers in these vehicles constitutes the main motivation of this work.Recovering balance from an external disturbance is a complex process which involves a set of phenomenon such as the perception of the disturbance, information processing, decision making and its implementation. Even though experimental research in the fields of biomechanics and neurosciences provide us with a fair understanding of these phenomena separately, we are unaware of a global model which represents the reaction of people in response to the external disturbances to their equilibrium. In this context, the objective of this work is to develop such a numerical tool which can be used for the assessment of risks associated with the loss of balance of the standing passengers. The essential feature of this tool is the prediction of the post-disturbance kinematics of the subjects depending upon the disturbance characteristics (magnitude, duration etc.) as well as the active recovery response. Another key feature is the representation of the reaction of different populations, especially the elderly, by integrating age effects in the model. For the development of the tool, mathematical modeling (e.g. simplified body representations) and control ideas are borrowed from the field of biped robotics which explicitly deals with the balance issues of bipeds. Further development is done in view of human balance recovery (BR) characteristics. The resulting BR tool shows reasonable predictive capacity of a human balance recovery response confirmed by the comparison of model predictions with experimental balance recovery data
Di, Cioccio Alexandre. "Articuler sécurité et performance : les décisions d'arbitrage dans le risque en aéronautique." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0784/document.
Full textThis research is in the field of reliability of complex socio-technical systems and aims to develop a new approach to allow trade-offs between performance and safety: engineering resilience. The ability of systems to cope with disturbances ultimately depends on the operators of these systems. They must make trade-offs between criteria that may conflict: immediate economic criteria (i.e. to ensure business performance), safety criteria (i.e. give up to meet the immediate production objective). The thesis focuses on the activity of an airline’s operators, in charge of assistance via telephone for aircrew who report a technical complaint. It can be treated immediately; is it benign, or conversely should it lead to the cancellation of the flight?The thesis assumes that in an ultra-safe and ultra rule-based system, conflicts between safety and performance occur when the "rule-based safety" conflicts with "adaptative safety". To defend this thesis, three empirical studies have been implemented. Thus, several methods were used in combination: observation and activity analysis, simulation of activities, questionnaires and auto-confrontation.The results obtained allowed at first to objectify the trade-offs between performance and safety, then in a second instance to identify the criteria governing such trade-offs and explain the processes that underlie them.These results permit, on one hand, to propose acceptable solutions such as the feedback by comparing the practices and assimilate the “adaptative safety” as a subset of “rule-based safety”, and on the other hand to overcome our negative view of violations by treating them as a form of operators’ intelligence in action
Vallée, Fabien. "L’évolution juridique de la surveillance en matière de sûreté de l’aviation civile en France." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20019.
Full textFacing a terrorist threat that requires to keep air transport networks “at a high level of vigilance”, civil aviation security, which is defined as “the combination of measures and human and material resources intended to safeguard civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference”, is a major challenge in France.The communitisation of this field in the aftermath of the events of 11 September 2001 – which led in particular to the obligation of developing and implementing a national civil aviation security quality control programme – and the increased involvement of air transport operators in the implementation of security measures (the co-production of security) have gradually prompted the French State to refocus its security activities on the monitoring of these operators. This evolution of the role of the State required an evolution of civil aviation law and public law to ensure the effectiveness of monitoring activities while reconciling security requirements with the rights and guarantees of the persons involved in the implementation of security measures. The security approval of legal entities and the certification of natural persons are the legal expression of this evolution. The study of these legal techniques demonstrates that oversight is a dynamic process, constantly adapting to changes in operating procedures and processes, risks posed by air transport operators activities, human factors principles and the threats to civil aviation
Lochun, Dharmanand. "La sécurité du transport aérien face à la libéralisation du marché des services aéroportuaires : la recherche d'une gouvernance adaptée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2017.
Full textThe liberalization of the European air transport market has also led to the opening of the airport ground handling market whose field of activity is very sensitive to economic pressure that can have safety impact. This new market of private operators is thus left with a multitude of power-delegated contracts. Therefore, attributing responsibility of adverse events becomes complex and the cost of managing safety very high. In this thesis, we analyze a system of delegations being able to network through contracting of ground handling services transactions, on this newly released market. We demonstrate the causes, the limits and the shortcomings of form of organizations - so called today “governance” - to better control the absolute parameter in the air transport, which is safety. We also look for explanations of a possible dichotomy between the cost of production of ground handling services and the cost of safety of aircrafts, passengers, staff and infrastructures. In order to achieve improved governance of this system, this research provides some clarifications and analysis and opens operational perspectives for an appropriate model of safety while balancing cost of safety with the gain generated by the latter
Darbès, Olivier. "L'escale du navire marchand." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32042.
Full textMaritime forwarding can be divided into two complementary phases, and dependent one on the other. Without order of primacy we can observe one period which sees the ship at sea and a period which sees the ship at quay. Each one of these phases are in turn the precedent and the corollary of the other. The trading vessel could not sail without making call, and could not make call without have sailed. However in front of what seems obviousness, the chronology of the facts in its realization, does not easily to permit to determine the end of navigation and to make begin the period of the call. The international and local regulations which govern the maritime transport influence the approach of the trading vessel towards the port of call, its reception once she is accosted, and its commercial activities. These same activities which will be in their turn framed by a particular contractual context, the intervention of some participants, as well public as private, who will have nevertheless the same objective: that the ship and its goods are in safety once at quay. But the stopover of the trading vessel is being also a theatre where sometimes unexpected events occur and come to upset the operations envisaged, to delay the ship in its operations, or quite simply to prevent it from setting out of the port. The various phases of the stopover, the regulations, the contracts which are in relation with, and those which carry out them, as all the events, sometimes fortuitous, which can occur during the stay of the trading vessel in the port, bring to ask to us whether there exists a unit in the concept of stopover of the trading vessel
Jarry, Gabriel. "Analyse et détection des trajectoires d'approches atypiques des aéronefs à l'aide de l'analyse de données fonctionnelles et de l'apprentissage automatique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30284.
Full textImproving aviation safety generally involves identifying, detecting and managing undesirable events that can lead to final events with fatalities. Previous studies conducted by the French National Supervisory Authority have led to the identification of non-compliant approaches presenting deviation from standard procedures as undesirable events. This thesis aims to explore functional data analysis and machine learning techniques in order to provide algorithms for the detection and analysis of atypical trajectories in approach from ground side. Four research directions are being investigated. The first axis aims to develop a post-op analysis algorithm based on functional data analysis techniques and unsupervised learning for the detection of atypical behaviours in approach. The model is confronted with the analysis of airline flight safety offices, and is applied in the particular context of the COVID-19 crisis to illustrate its potential use while the global ATM system is facing a standstill. The second axis of research addresses the generation and extraction of information from radar data using new techniques such as Machine Learning. These methodologies allow to \mbox{improve} the understanding and the analysis of trajectories, for example in the case of the estimation of on-board parameters from radar parameters. The third axis proposes novel data manipulation and generation techniques using the functional data analysis framework. Finally, the fourth axis focuses on extending the post-operational algorithm into real time with the use of optimal control techniques, giving directions to new situation awareness alerting systems
Daher, Djama Abbas. "Le XXIème siècle à l'assaut du droit de la piraterie : le cas de la Somalie." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0029.
Full textMaritime piracy is commonly considered as the original international crime. In the name of the common interest, states acknowledged the need to repress the crime of piracy regardless of nationalities or places of occurrence.. This piracy-inspired universal jurisdiction has contributed to broaden the scope of international law. Paradoxically, the latter appears inadequate to meet the necessary requirements to fight against modern piracy. The singular characteristics and the context of modern piracy are both a challenge, not only for the application of international law but also more broadly for the international cooperation essential to fight cross-border crimes. This project studies the reasons for the inadaptability of international law provisions and also the need to develop a new legal framework lege ferenda that will meet the new realities of maritime piracy. This new legal framework should take into account the needs to harmonize legislations in order to establish cooperation at the national, bilateral, regional and international level
Rizk, Carl. "Contribution to the evaluation and optimization of passengers' screening at airports." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0121.
Full textSecurity threats have emerged in the past decades as a more and more critical issue for Air Transportation which has been one of the main ressource for globalization of economy. Reinforced control measures based on pluridisciplinary research and new technologies have been implemented at airports as a reaction to different terrorist attacks. From the scientific perspective, the efficient screening of passengers at airports remain a challenge and the main objective of this thesis is to open new lines of research in this field by developing advanced approaches using the resources of Computer Science. First this thesis introduces the main concepts and definitions of airport security and gives an overview of the passenger terminal control systems and more specifically the screening inspection positions are identified and described. A logical model of the departure control system for passengers at an airport is proposed. This model is transcribed into a graphical view (Controlled Satisfiability Graph-CSG) which allows to test the screening system with different attack scenarios. Then a probabilistic approach for the evaluation of the control system of passenger flows at departure is developped leading to the introduction of Bayesian Colored Petri nets (BCPN). Finally an optimization approach is adopted to organize the flow of passengers at departure as best as possible given the probabilistic performance of the elements composing the control system. After the establishment of a global evaluation model based on an undifferentiated serial processing of passengers, is analyzed a two-stage control structure which highlights the interest of pre-filtering and organizing the passengers into separate groups. The conclusion of this study points out for the continuation of this theme
Chung, Tevanui. "Les lieux de refuge." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32072.
Full textPrinciple of customary international law which was honored a long time, the right of refuge for ships in distress is in the present day eroded. The disasters of the « Erika » and the « Prestige », and between these two, the event of the « Castor », have largely emphasized this reality.At the origin of this decline, we found technical progresses. Some having permitted rescue of the sailors in distress without requiring the ship to be granted a safe haven. Others having had for consequence to make navigation dangerous and pollutant.The phenomenon known as of « maritime lepers » has been the constant, the practice adopted by the coastal States confronted with ships in distress likely to threaten their interests. Described in this manner, the reflex can be perceived like legitimate. But, the automatism can conduct to the absurdity whereas progresses, but a contrario this time, make possible to measure and moderate the risks and, in consequence, to return towards the natural way of the refuge even in the presence of potentially dangerous and/or polluting ships
Paterna, Hidalgo Angel. "Gestion patrimoniale des infrastructures de la ratp : développement d'un processus d'aide à la décision pour optimiser la stratégie de maintenance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1200/document.
Full textThe RATP is the operator and asset manager of the public railway transport of Paris and the next suburbs. Nowadays, with more than 10 million trips per day, this transport network is one of the most crowded in the world. In this context of high service requirements, the RATP asset managers must assure the structural integrity, the quality of service and the sustainability of an aging and heterogeneous asset. However, available budgets are, by nature, limited and, in this context, two tasks become essential: to justify budget requirements and to optimize the programming of maintenance actions. The current asset strategy is based on visual inspections to detect degradation symptoms that concern the structural integrity of the structure. Depending on these results, managers must select and prioritize the maintenance actions taking into account the constraints involved in asset management. This decision-making process is based on the expert knowledge and is not formalized. In this context, the purpose of this thesis is to develop a multicritera decision support tool which reduces the inherent variability degree of visual inspections and the lack of transparency in the decision-making process. In order to provide RATP's managers a decision support tool, this research is based on the next stages :- The development of a functional model of degradation mechanisms by the application of the operational safety methods. The Functional Analyse (FA), the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and the casual graphs are applied to know how infrastructures function, degrade and interact with the environment.- The construction of a decision support tool based on multicriteria methods. The first stage is the construction of a lot of criteria formalizing the technical, economic and social aspects involved in the RATP's asset management (rule based assignment model). The second stage is the application of ELECTRE methods to develop a multicriteria decision support tool which optimizes the management of the RATP's asset. This tool is tested on the line 4 of the Paris metro in order to study development prospects. The main prospect is the operational development of this tool in the context of the management of the RATP's asset
Randriamasy, Malalatiana. "Localisation et transmissions sécurisées pour la communication Véhicule à Infrastructure (V2I) : Application au service de télépéage ITS-G5." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR011/document.
Full textThe precise localization of vehicles and the security of communication are requirements that make almost of the services provided in intelligent transport systems (ITS) more reliable. In recent years, they have been the subject of numerous research projects for various fields of application. In this thesis, the context is the development of an electronic toll service using the ITS-G5 technology. This wireless communication technology initially allows the sharing of traffic safety information between vehicles (V2V), vehicle and infrastructure (V2I). In our work, we propose a tolling application using equipment operating in ITS-G5 embedded in the connected vehicles and roadside units. For this, ensuring both precise geolocation of the vehicles and security of communication are required to validate the transaction.In order to properly locate the vehicles during the toll crossing, our approach is based on the understanding of the kinematics of the vehicle through a suitable modeling from the data collected in the cooperative messages (called CAM: Cooperative Awareness Message). This approach aims to improve the geolocation information already present in the message. Our goal is to achieve vehicle localization with an accuracy lower than one meter to distinguish two adjacent vehicles. On the other hand, the proposed tolling protocol ensures the authentication of the equipment or entities involved in the exchange and the validation of the transaction, the integrity of the transmitted data as well as the confidentiality of the communication. In this way, we take into account the context of the wireless communication and the sensitivity of the exchanged data. Our two contributions are integrated in the implemented Proof of Concept of the tolling application using the ITS-G5 technology