Journal articles: 'Transposition effects'

1

Perea, Manuel, Jon Andoni Duñabeitia, and Manuel Carreiras. "Transposed-Letter Priming Effects for Close Versus Distant Transpositions." Experimental Psychology 55, no. 6 (January 2008): 384–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.6.384.

Full text

Abstract:

Transposing two internal letters of a word produces a perceptually similar item (e.g., CHOLOCATE being processed as CHOCOLATE). To determine the precise nature of the encoding of letter position within a word, we examined the effect of the number of intervening letters in transposed-letter effects with a masked priming procedure. In Experiment 1, letter transposition could involve adjacent letters (chocloate-CHOCOLATE) and nonadjacent letters with two intervening letters (choaolcte-CHOCOLATE). Results showed that the magnitude of the transposed-letter priming effect – relative to the appropriate control condition – was greater when the transposition involved adjacent letters than when it involved nonadjacent letters. In Experiment 2, we included a letter transposition condition using nonadjacent letters with one intervening letter (cholocate-CHOCOLATE). Results showed that the transposed-letter priming effect was of the same size for nonadjacent transpositions that involved one or two intervening letters. In addition, transposed-letter priming effects were smaller in the two nonadjacent conditions than in the adjacent condition. We examine the implications of these findings for models of visual-word recognition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Capelozza Filho, Leopoldino, Mauriciode Almeida Cardoso, Tien Li An, and Francisco Antonio Bertoz. "Maxillary Canine—First Premolar Transposition." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/012906-32r.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Tooth transpositions present at a relatively low incidence in the world population and primarily affect maxillary canines and premolars. Treatment of this disturbance should take into account aspects such as facial pattern, age, malocclusion, tooth-size discrepancy, stage of eruption, and magnitude of the transposition. Mechanics for correction should be entirely individualized, reducing the risks and adverse effects. Practitioners often select simpler options, indicating extraction of permanent teeth, which is an irreversible procedure that may bring about damages to the patient. This study presents a case report and treatment of unilateral transposition of maxillary canine and premolar with repositioning of affected teeth to their respective normal positions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Charlesworth, B., and C. H. Langley. "THE EVOLUTION OF SELF-REGULATED TRANSPOSITION OF TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS." Genetics 112, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/112.2.359.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT This paper examines the conditions under which self-regulated rates of transposition can evolve in populations of transposable elements infecting sexually reproducing hosts. Models of the evolution of both cis-acting regulation (transposition immunity) and trans-acting regulation (transposition repression) are analyzed. The potential selective advantage to regulation is assumed to be derived from the deleterious effects of mutations associated with the insertion of newly replicated elements. It is shown that both types of regulation can easily evolve in hosts with low rates of genetic recombination per generation, such as bacteria or bacterial plasmids. Conditions are much more restrictive in organisms with relatively free recombination. In haploids, the main selective force promoting regulation is the induction of lethal or sterile mutations by transposition; in diploids, a sufficiently high frequency of dominant lethal or sterile mutations associated with transpositions is required. Data from Drosophila and maize suggest that this requirement can sometimes be met. Coupling of regulatory effects across different families of elements would also aid the evolution of regulation. The selective advantages of restricting transposition to the germ line and of excising elements from somatic cells are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Colombo, Lucia, Giacomo Spinelli, and Stephen J. Lupker. "The impact of consonant–vowel transpositions on masked priming effects in Italian and English." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 2 (August 17, 2019): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819867638.

Full text

Abstract:

There are now a number of reports in the literature that transposed letter (TL) priming effects emerge when two consonants are transposed (e.g., caniso-CASINO) but not when two vowels are transposed (e.g., cinaso-CASINO). In the present article, four masked priming lexical decision experiments, two in Italian and two in English, are reported in which TL priming effects involving the transposition of two adjacent consonants (e.g., atnenna-ANTENNA) were contrasted with those involving the transposition of a vowel and an adjacent consonant (e.g., anetnna-ANTENNA), a contrast not directly examined in the previous literature. In none of the experiments was there any indication that the priming effects were different sizes for the two types of transpositions, including Experiment 4 in which a sandwich priming paradigm was used. These results support the assumption of most orthographic coding models that the consonant–vowel status of the letters is not relevant to the nature of the orthographic code. The question of how to reconcile these results with other TL manipulations investigating vowel versus consonant transpositions is discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

García-Orza, Javier, Manuel Perea, and Samara Muñoz. "Are Transposition Effects Specific to Letters?" Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 63, no. 8 (August 2010): 1603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210903474278.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Jenkins, Gavin, and Paul Tupper. "A Dynamic Neural Gradient Model of Two-Item and Intermediate Transposition." Neural Computation 30, no. 7 (July 2018): 1961–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01093.

Full text

Abstract:

Transposition is a tendency for organisms to generalize relationships between stimuli in situations where training does not objectively reward relationships over absolute, static associations. Transposition has most commonly been explained as either conceptual understanding of relationships (Köhler, 1938) as nonconceptual effects of neural memory gradients (as in Spence's stimulus discrimination theory, 1937 ). Most behavioral evidence can be explained by the gradient account, but a key finding unexplained by gradients is intermediate transposition, where a central (of three) stimulus, “relationally correct response,” is generalized from training to test. Here, we introduce a dynamic neural field (DNF) model that captures intermediate transposition effects while using neural mechanisms closely resembling those of Spence's original proposal. The DNF model operates on dynamic rather than linear neural relationships, but it still functions by way of gradient interactions, and it does not invoke relational conceptual understanding in order to explain transposition behaviors. In addition to intermediate transposition, the DNF model also replicates the predictions of stimulus discrimination theory with respect to basic two-stimulus transposition. Effects of wider test item spacing were additionally captured. Overall, the DNF model captures a wider range of effects in transposition than stimulus discrimination theory, uses more fully specified neural mechanics, and integrates transposition into a wider modeling effort across cognitive tasks and phenomena. At the same time, the model features a similar low-level focus and emphasis on gradient interactions as Spence's, serving as a conceptual continuation and updating of Spence's work in the field of transposition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ktori, Maria, Daisy Bertrand, and Jonathan Grainger. "What’s special about orthographic processing? Further evidence from transposition effects in same-different matching." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 7 (November 14, 2018): 1780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818811448.

Full text

Abstract:

We sought evidence for letter-specific processing in the same-different matching task by comparing performance to random consonant strings and either strings of symbols (Experiment 1) or strings of digits (Experiment 2). The strings could be aligned horizontally or vertically, and on “different” response trials the to-be-matched strings could differ by the transposition of two adjacent characters or by the substitution of two adjacent characters. Making a “different” response was harder when the difference involved a transposition compared with a substitution—the transposition effect. Crucially, the transposition effect was significantly greater for letters than for symbols or digits when stimuli were aligned horizontally, but did not differ significantly across stimulus type with vertically aligned strings. These results suggest that it is processing specific to horizontally aligned letter strings, a reading-specific mechanism, that causes the greater transposition effects for letter stimuli in the same-different matching task when stimuli are arranged horizontally.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Lee, Chang H., Youan Kwon, Kyungil Kim, and Kathleen Rastle. "Syllable Transposition Effects in Korean Word Recognition." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 44, no. 3 (February 19, 2015): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-015-9353-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Boeke, J. D., C. A. Styles, and G. R. Fink. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT3 gene is required for transposition and transpositional recombination of chromosomal Ty elements." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 11 (November 1986): 3575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.11.3575.

Full text

Abstract:

Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT3 gene have dramatic effects on the expression of Ty elements and genes adjacent to the element. The SPT3 gene is essential for Ty transposition, because transposition of chromosomal Ty elements ceased when the SPT3 gene was replaced with the frameshift mutation spt3-101. Presumably, the elimination of transposition was due to the effect of the SPT3 gene product on Ty transcription; the transcripts of chromosomal Ty elements were largely abolished in the spt3-101 strain (F. Winston, K. J. Durbin, and G. R. Fink, Cell 39:675-682, 1984). Ty transcription in an spt3-101 strain could be reestablished by introduction of the pGTyH3 plasmid, in which transcription of the Ty element TyH3 is under the control of the GAL1 promoter; these plasmid-derived Ty transcripts were SPT3-independent. Ty transposition resumed after galactose induction in spt3-101 strains containing the pGTyH3 plasmid. In spt3 mutants nearly all of the resulting transposition events derived from pGTyH3 plasmids and not from chromosomal elements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Boeke, J. D., C. A. Styles, and G. R. Fink. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT3 gene is required for transposition and transpositional recombination of chromosomal Ty elements." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 11 (November 1986): 3575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.11.3575-3581.1986.

Full text

Abstract:

Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT3 gene have dramatic effects on the expression of Ty elements and genes adjacent to the element. The SPT3 gene is essential for Ty transposition, because transposition of chromosomal Ty elements ceased when the SPT3 gene was replaced with the frameshift mutation spt3-101. Presumably, the elimination of transposition was due to the effect of the SPT3 gene product on Ty transcription; the transcripts of chromosomal Ty elements were largely abolished in the spt3-101 strain (F. Winston, K. J. Durbin, and G. R. Fink, Cell 39:675-682, 1984). Ty transcription in an spt3-101 strain could be reestablished by introduction of the pGTyH3 plasmid, in which transcription of the Ty element TyH3 is under the control of the GAL1 promoter; these plasmid-derived Ty transcripts were SPT3-independent. Ty transposition resumed after galactose induction in spt3-101 strains containing the pGTyH3 plasmid. In spt3 mutants nearly all of the resulting transposition events derived from pGTyH3 plasmids and not from chromosomal elements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Won, Youngdai, and Chang Hwan Lee. "The Stem Transposition Effects in Korean Word Recognition." Journal of Language Sciences 26, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14384/kals.2019.26.2.253.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Wilke, C. M., and J. Adams. "Fitness effects of Ty transposition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 131, no. 1 (May 1, 1992): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/131.1.31.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract It has been suggested that the primary evolutionary role of transposable elements is negative and parasitic. Alternatively, the target specificity and gene regulatory capabilities of many transposable elements raise the possibility that transposable element-induced mutations are more likely to be adaptively favorable than other types of mutations. Populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing large amounts of variation for Ty1 genomic insertions were constructed, and the effects of Ty1 copy number on two components of fitness, yield and growth rate were determined. Although mean stationary phase density decreased with increased Ty1 copy number, the variance and range increased. The distributions of stationary phase densities indicate that many Ty1 insertions have negative effects on fitness, but also that some may have positive effects. To test directly for adaptively favorable Ty1 insertions, populations containing large amounts of variability for Ty1 copy number were grown in continuous culture. After 98-112 generations the frequency of clones containing zero Ty1 elements had decreased to approximately 0.0, and specific Ty1-containing clone families had predominated. Considering that most of the genetic variation in the populations was due to Ty1 transposition, and that Ty1 insertions had, on average, a negative effect on fitness, we conclude that Ty1 transposition events were directly responsible for the production of adaptive mutations in the clones that predominated in the populations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

McCowan, Tristan. "Curricular transposition in citizenship education." Theory and Research in Education 6, no. 2 (July 2008): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477878508091109.

Full text

Abstract:

The considerable debate in recent years on the aims of citizenship education has not been accompanied by an equally substantial discussion on the educational processes involved.This article puts forward a theoretical framework, referred to as `curricular transposition', for understanding the complex task of realizing normative ideals of citizenship through education. The framework highlights four stages in the educational process: the ideals and aspirations underlying an initiative; the curricular programme designed to achieve them; the programme's implementation in practice; and its effects on students. The `leaps' between these stages — involving movement between ends and means and between ideal and real — are highly problematic.These ideas are explored in the context of an empirical case: the `Voter of the Future' programme in Brazil. Disjunctures are observed at the different stages — in particular, a lack of `harmony' between ends and means, and a lack of teacher ownership of the initiative in the process of implementation — leading to divergence between the initial aims and actual effects. Finally, broader implications of the curricular transposition framework for citizenship education are drawn out.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Osborn, Thomas C., David V. Butrulle, Andrew G. Sharpe, Kathryn J. Pickering, Isobel A. P. Parkin, John S. Parker, and Derek J. Lydiate. "Detection and Effects of a Homeologous Reciprocal Transposition in Brassica napus." Genetics 165, no. 3 (November 1, 2003): 1569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/165.3.1569.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A reciprocal chromosomal transposition was identified in several annual oilseed Brassica napus genotypes used as parents in crosses to biennial genotypes for genetic mapping studies. The transposition involved an exchange of interstitial homeologous regions on linkage groups N7 and N16, and its detection was made possible by the use of segregating populations of doubled haploid lines and codominant RFLP markers. RFLP probes detected pairs of homeologous loci on N7 and N16 for which the annual and biennial parents had identical alleles in regions expected to be homeologous. The existence of an interstitial reciprocal transposition was confirmed by cytological analysis of synaptonemal complexes of annual × biennial F1 hybrids. Although it included approximately one-third of the physical length of the N7 and N16 chromosomes, few recombination events within the region were recovered in the progenies of the hybrids. Significantly higher seed yields were associated with the parental configurations of the rearrangement in segregating progenies. These progenies contained complete complements of homeologous chromosomes from the diploid progenitors of B. napus, and thus their higher seed yields provide evidence for the selective advantage of allopolyploidy through the fixation of intergenomic heterozygosity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

García-Orza, Javier, Manuel Perea, and Alejandro Estudillo. "Masked transposition effects for simple versus complex nonalphanumeric objects." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 73, no. 8 (September 8, 2011): 2573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-011-0206-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Lee, Chang-Hwan, and Yoonhyoung Lee. "Absence of Letter Transposition Effects in Korean Word Recognition." Journal of Language Sciences 21, no. 4 (November 30, 2014): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14384/kals.2014.21.4.229.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Torkamanzehi, A., C. Moran, and F. W. Nicholas. "P element transposition contributes substantial new variation for a quantitative trait in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 131, no. 1 (May 1, 1992): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/131.1.73.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The P-M system of transposition in Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful mutator for many visible and lethal loci. Experiments using crosses between unrelated P and M stocks to assess the importance of transposition-mediated mutations affecting quantitative loci and response to selection have yielded unrepeatable or ambiguous results. In a different approach, we have used a P stock produced by microinjection of the ry506 M stock. Selection responses were compared between transposition lines that were initiated by crossing M strain females with males from the "co-isogenic" P strain, and ry506 M control lines. Unlike previous attempts to quantify the effects of P element transposition, there is no possibility of P transposition in the controls. During 10 generations of selection for the quantitative trait abdominal bristle number, none of the four control lines showed any response to selection, indicative of isogenicity for those loci affecting abdominal bristle number. In contrast, three of the four transposition lines showed substantial response, with regression of cumulative response on cumulative selection differential ranging from 15% to 25%. Transposition of P elements has produced new additive genetic variance at a rate which is more than 30 times greater than the rate expected from spontaneous mutation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Li, Shiri, Alessio Pigazzi, Reza Fazl Alizadeh, Ninh Nguyen, and Mehraneh Jafari. "Anti-diabetic Effects of Ileal Transposition Surgery on Obese mice." Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases 13, no. 10 (October 2017): S105—S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2017.09.231.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Hashida, Tomoko, Takuro Kayahara, and Takao Sato. "Effects of frequency transposition on discrimination of recycled tonal sequences." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 115, no. 5 (May 2004): 2458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4782317.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Thomson, Robert. "Same effects in different worlds: the transposition of EU directives." Journal of European Public Policy 16, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501760802453098.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Brookfield, J. F. "Models of repression of transposition in P-M hybrid dysgenesis by P cytotype and by zygotically encoded repressor proteins." Genetics 128, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.2.471.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract By analytical theory and computer simulation the expected evolutionary dynamics of P transposable element spread in an infinite population are investigated. The analysis is based on the assumption that, unlike transposable elements which move via RNA intermediates, the harmful effects of P elements arise primarily in the act of transposition, and that this causes their evolutionary dynamics to be unusual. It is suggested that a situation of transposition-selection balance will be superceded by the buildup of a cytoplasmically inherited repression or by the elimination of active transposase-encoding elements from the chromosomes, a process which may be accompanied by the evolution of elements which encode proteins which repress transposition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Sokolov, Alexander N., Walter H. Ehrenstein, Marina A. Pavlova, and C. Richard Cavonius. "Motion Extrapolation and Velocity Transposition." Perception 26, no. 7 (July 1997): 875–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p260875.

Full text

Abstract:

A study of the effect of the size of a moving target and the extent of its visible motion on motion extrapolation is reported. Targets (a horizontal pair of dots separated by either 0.2 or 0.8 deg) moved across a 10 deg rectilinear path and were then occluded. Observers pressed a key when they thought the leading dot of a hidden target had reached a randomly specified position (0–12 deg from the point of occlusion). In experiment 1, in agreement with velocity-transposition predictions, at moderate (5 deg s−1) and rapid (10 deg s−1) velocities extrapolation times were longer for large targets than for small ones. At slow velocity (2.5 deg s−1) this effect was reversed. In experiment 2 the effect of target size at moderate velocity was found for a short (2.5 deg) visible path. However, the extrapolation time increased with shorter (2.5 deg versus 10 deg) paths. A proposed account of these effects suggests that the visual system performs a spatiotemporal scaling, according to the velocity-transposition principle, not only of visible motion but also of extrapolated motion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Steller, H., and V. Pirrotta. "P transposons controlled by the heat shock promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 5 (May 1986): 1640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.5.1640.

Full text

Abstract:

We have transformed Drosophila melanogaster with modified P-element transposons, which express the transposase function from the heat-inducible hsp70 heat shock promoter. The Icarus transposon, which contains a direct hsp70-P fusion gene, behaved like a very active autonomous P element even before heat shock induction. Although heat shock led to abundant somatic transcription, transposition of the Icarus element was confined to germ line cells. To reduce the constitutive transposase activity observed for the Icarus element, we attenuated the translational efficiency of the transposase RNA by inserting the transposon 5 neomycin resistance gene between the hsp70 promoter and the P-element sequences. The resulting construct, called Icarus-neo, conferred resistance to G418, and its transposition was significantly stimulated by heat shock. Heat shocks applied during the embryonic or third instar larval stage had similar effects, indicating that transposition of P elements is not restricted to a certain developmental stage. Both Icarus and Icarus-neo destabilized snw in a P-cytotype background and thus at least partially overcome the repression of transposition. Our results suggest that the regulation of P-element transposition occurs at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Steller, H., and V. Pirrotta. "P transposons controlled by the heat shock promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, no. 5 (May 1986): 1640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.6.5.1640-1649.1986.

Full text

Abstract:

We have transformed Drosophila melanogaster with modified P-element transposons, which express the transposase function from the heat-inducible hsp70 heat shock promoter. The Icarus transposon, which contains a direct hsp70-P fusion gene, behaved like a very active autonomous P element even before heat shock induction. Although heat shock led to abundant somatic transcription, transposition of the Icarus element was confined to germ line cells. To reduce the constitutive transposase activity observed for the Icarus element, we attenuated the translational efficiency of the transposase RNA by inserting the transposon 5 neomycin resistance gene between the hsp70 promoter and the P-element sequences. The resulting construct, called Icarus-neo, conferred resistance to G418, and its transposition was significantly stimulated by heat shock. Heat shocks applied during the embryonic or third instar larval stage had similar effects, indicating that transposition of P elements is not restricted to a certain developmental stage. Both Icarus and Icarus-neo destabilized snw in a P-cytotype background and thus at least partially overcome the repression of transposition. Our results suggest that the regulation of P-element transposition occurs at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Scholes, Derek T., Mukti Banerjee, Brian Bowen, and M. Joan Curcio. "Multiple Regulators of Ty1 Transposition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Have Conserved Roles in Genome Maintenance." Genetics 159, no. 4 (December 1, 2001): 1449–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/159.4.1449.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Most Ty1 retrotransposons in the genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are transpositionally competent but rarely transpose. We screened yeast mutagenized by insertion of the mTn3-lacZ/LEU2 transposon for mutations that result in elevated Ty1 cDNA-mediated mobility, which occurs by cDNA integration or recombination. Here, we describe the characterization of mTn3 insertions in 21 RTT (regulation of Ty1 transposition) genes that result in 5- to 111-fold increases in Ty1 mobility. These 21 RTT genes are EST2, RRM3, NUT2, RAD57, RRD2, RAD50, SGS1, TEL1, SAE2, MED1, MRE11, SCH9, KAP122, and 8 previously uncharacterized genes. Disruption of RTT genes did not significantly increase Ty1 RNA levels but did enhance Ty1 cDNA levels, suggesting that most RTT gene products act at a step after mRNA accumulation but before cDNA integration. The rtt mutations had widely varying effects on integration of Ty1 at preferred target sites. Mutations in RTT101 and NUT2 dramatically stimulated Ty1 integration upstream of tRNA genes. In contrast, a mutation in RRM3 increased Ty1 mobility >100-fold without increasing integration upstream of tRNA genes. The regulation of Ty1 transposition by components of fundamental pathways required for genome maintenance suggests that Ty1 and yeast have coevolved to link transpositional dormancy to the integrity of the genome.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Zhou, Jun, Ximing Rong, Maxim S. Molokeev, Xiuwen Zhang, and Zhiguo Xia. "Exploring the transposition effects on the electronic and optical properties of Cs2AgSbCl6via a combined computational-experimental approach." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 5 (2018): 2346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta10062k.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Sonti, R. V., D. H. Keating, and J. R. Roth. "Lethal transposition of Mud phages in Rec- strains of Salmonella typhimurium." Genetics 133, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.1.17.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Under several circumstances, the frequency with which Mud prophages form lysogens is apparently reduced in rec strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Lysogen formation by a MudI genome (37 kb) injected by a Mu virion is unaffected by a host rec mutation. However when the same MudI phage is injected by a phage P22 virion, lysogeny is reduced in a recA or recB mutant host. A host rec mutation reduces the lysogenization of mini-Mu phages injected by either Mu or P22 virions. When lysogen frequency is reduced by a host rec mutation, the surviving lysogens show an increased probability of carrying a deletion adjacent to the Mud insertion site. We propose that the rec effects seen are due to a failure of conservative Mu transposition. Replicative Mud transposition from a linear fragment causes a break in the host chromosome with a Mu prophage at both broken ends. These breaks are lethal unless repaired; repair can be achieved by Rec functions acting on the repeated Mu sequences or by secondary transposition events. In a normal Mu infection, the initial transposition from the injected fragment is conservative and does not break the chromosome. To account for the conditions under which rec effects are seen, we propose that conservative transposition of Mu depends on a protein that must be injected with the DNA. This protein can be injected by Mu but not by P22 virions. Injection or function of the protein may depend on its association with a particular Mu DNA sequence that is present and properly positioned in Mu capsids containing full-sized Mu or MudI genomes; this sequence may be lacking or abnormally positioned in the mini-Mud phages tested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Heslip, T. R., and R. B. Hodgetts. "Targeted transposition at the vestigial locus of Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 138, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 1127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/138.4.1127.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Targeted transposition is the replacement of one P element with another. We are exploiting this unique property of P elements to study the complex regulatory domain of the Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) gene in Drosophila melanogaster. P element constructs targeted to the same site in the genome will be subjected to the same position effect. This allows the subtle effects typical of most mutations in the Ddc regulatory region to be measured in the absence of the variable influences of position effects which are associated with the current method of germline transformation. We have investigated some of the parameters affecting targeted transposition of a Ddc transposon, P[Ddc], into a P element allele at the vestigial locus. These events were detected by an increased mutant vg phenotype. The location of the donor transposon in cis or in trans to the target had little effect on the frequency of targeting. Likewise, the mobility of different donor elements, as measured by their rate of transposition to a different chromosome, varied nearly 20-fold, while the rate of targeted transposition was very similar between them. All targeted alleles were precise replacements of the target P element by P[Ddc], but in several cases the donor was inserted in the opposite orientation. The targeted alleles could be described as the result of a replicative, conversion-like event.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Youngren, S. D., J. D. Boeke, N. J. Sanders, and D. J. Garfinkel. "Functional organization of the retrotransposon Ty from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Ty protease is required for transposition." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 4 (April 1988): 1421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.4.1421.

Full text

Abstract:

We used several mutations generated in vitro to further characterize the functions of the products encoded by the TyB gene of the transpositionally active retrotransposon TyH3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutations close to a core protein domain of TyB, which is homologous to retroviral proteases, have striking effects on Ty protein processing, the physiology of Ty viruslike particles, and transposition. The Ty protease is required for processing of both TyA and TyB proteins. Mutations in the protease resulted in the synthesis of morphologically and functionally aberrant Ty viruslike particles. The mutant particles displayed reverse transcriptase activity, but did not synthesize Ty DNA in vitro. Ty RNA was present in the mutant particles, but at very low levels. Transposition of a genetically tagged element ceased when the protease domain was mutated, demonstrating that Ty protease is essential for transposition. One of these mutations also defined a segment of TyB encoding an active reverse transcriptase. These results indicate that the Ty protease, like its retroviral counterpart, plays an important role in particle assembly, replication, and transposition of these elements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Youngren, S. D., J. D. Boeke, N. J. Sanders, and D. J. Garfinkel. "Functional organization of the retrotransposon Ty from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Ty protease is required for transposition." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 4 (April 1988): 1421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.4.1421-1431.1988.

Full text

Abstract:

We used several mutations generated in vitro to further characterize the functions of the products encoded by the TyB gene of the transpositionally active retrotransposon TyH3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutations close to a core protein domain of TyB, which is homologous to retroviral proteases, have striking effects on Ty protein processing, the physiology of Ty viruslike particles, and transposition. The Ty protease is required for processing of both TyA and TyB proteins. Mutations in the protease resulted in the synthesis of morphologically and functionally aberrant Ty viruslike particles. The mutant particles displayed reverse transcriptase activity, but did not synthesize Ty DNA in vitro. Ty RNA was present in the mutant particles, but at very low levels. Transposition of a genetically tagged element ceased when the protease domain was mutated, demonstrating that Ty protease is essential for transposition. One of these mutations also defined a segment of TyB encoding an active reverse transcriptase. These results indicate that the Ty protease, like its retroviral counterpart, plays an important role in particle assembly, replication, and transposition of these elements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

McDermott, H. J., and M. R. Dean. "Speech Perception with Steeply Sloping Hearing Loss: Effects of Frequency Transposition." British Journal of Audiology 34, no. 6 (December 2000): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03005364000000151.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Perea, Manuel, Chie Nakatani, and Cees van Leeuwen. "Transposition effects in reading Japanese Kana: Are they orthographic in nature?" Memory & Cognition 39, no. 4 (December 9, 2010): 700–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13421-010-0052-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Davenport, Mark, Gareth P. Hosie, Robert C. Tasker, I. Gordon, E. M. Kiely, and L. Spitz. "Long-term effects of gastric transposition in children: A physiological study." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 31, no. 4 (April 1996): 588–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(96)90503-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Faria, J. A. Brandão, and M. V. Guerreiro das Neves. "Nonuniform three-phase power lines: resonance effects due to conductor transposition." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 26, no. 2 (February 2004): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2003.08.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Hudson, Andrew D., Rosemary Carpenter, and Enrico S. Coen. "Phenotypic effects of short-range and aberrant transposition in Antirrhinum majus." Plant Molecular Biology 14, no. 5 (May 1990): 835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00016516.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Ohta, Tomoko. "A MODEL OF DUPLICATIVE TRANSPOSITION AND GENE CONVERSION FOR REPETITIVE DNA FAMILIES." Genetics 110, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/110.3.513.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT A model of duplicative transposition and gene conversion for the evolution of repetitive DNA families was studied. In this model, transposition and conversion (both unbiased) are assumed to occur both within and between the genomes in a diploid cell, and any degree of linkage intensity is incorporated. The transition equations for allelic and nonallelic identity coefficients have been formulated by using the previous results. The results are widely applicable to many repetitive sequences, from dispersed families like transposons to tightly linked multigene families. It has been shown through extensive numerical studies on equilibrium properties that duplicative transposition and gene conversion have very similar effects on nonallelic identity coefficients, but that allelism and allelic identity are greatly influenced by the relative rates of occurrence of the two processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Looney, Austin M., David X. Wang, Christine M. Conroy, Jake E. Israel, Blake M. Bodendorfer, Caroline M. Fryar, Mark A. Pianka, Nathan P. Fackler, Michael G. Ciccotti, and Edward S. Chang. "Modified Jobe Versus Docking Technique for Elbow Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Outcomes." American Journal of Sports Medicine 49, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 236–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520921160.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: The modified Jobe and docking techniques are the most common techniques used for elbow ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction. Previous systematic reviews have suggested that the docking technique results in superior outcomes as compared with the Jobe (figure-of-8) technique. However, these included results from earlier studies in which the flexor-pronator mass (FPM) was detached and an obligatory submuscular ulnar nerve transposition was performed. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the outcomes and return-to-play (RTP) time between the docking and figure-of-8 techniques for UCL reconstruction. We hypothesized that there would be no significant difference in the proportion of excellent outcomes between techniques when the FPM was preserved and no obligatory submuscular ulnar nerve transposition was performed. We also hypothesized that there would be no significant difference in RTP time between techniques. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: This study was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. In the primary analysis, techniques were compared in random effects models by using the restricted maximum likelihood method, with weighted effect sizes calculated as the Freeman-Tukey double-arcsine transformed proportion of excellent outcomes for variance stabilization and with summary effects estimated from the inverse double-arcsine transformation per the harmonic mean of the sample sizes. Mean RTP times for techniques were compared in a separate model. Results: There were 21 eligible articles identified, with results for 1842 UCL reconstructions (n = 320, docking; n = 1466, figure-of-8). Without controlling for the effects of flexor-pronator detachment and submuscular ulnar nerve transposition, a significantly larger proportion of excellent outcomes was observed with docking reconstruction (86.58%; 95% CI, 80.42%-91.85%) than with figure-of-8 reconstruction (76.76%; 95% CI, 69.65%-83.25%; P = .031); however, there was no significant difference between techniques when controlling for FPM preservation or detachment with submuscular nerve transposition ( P = .139). There was no significant difference between techniques in time to return to sports ( P = .729), although no reconstructions with FPM detachment and submuscular ulnar nerve transposition were available for RTP time analysis. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the proportion of excellent Conway Scale outcomes or RTP time between the docking and modified Jobe techniques for UCL reconstruction when the FPM was preserved and routine submuscular ulnar nerve transposition was not performed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Bueno, Mateus Marques, Ricardo Valcarcel, Felipe Araújo Mateus, and Marcos Gervasio Pereira. "Environmental services in watersheds with small declivity: fluvial marine plains." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 3 (April 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2265.

Full text

Abstract:

Fluvial marine plains harbor environments with reduced declivity, but with different environmental attributes that may be relevant ecosystem services in their watersheds, which can be transformed into opportunities for the development of environmental services payments. This study digitally spatialized part of the ecosystem services related to water availability in the microbasins of the Guandu Basin Hydrographic Basin, the main source of water supply for the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, based on geo-environmental factors and the effects of transposition of watersheds, in order to facilitate the formulation of public policies regarding environmental services. The excerpts with the highest potential for producing environmental services from subsurface water flows, Topographic Wetness Index-ITU (ITU > 11), flat formation and low altimetry (< 40 m), are close to the old silted thalwegs, which can be potentialized by the effects of transposition, notably in the APA Guandu conservation unit. These areas should be prioritized in public and private water systems’ preservation programs. The areas near the transposition canals feature environmental services that depend directly on the transposition, and may be subject to management, as found in Guandu conservation unit. Flat areas with (7<ITU< 11) have their ecosystem services transferred from subsurface water flows to surface water flows and are dependent more on meteorological phenomena and on ways to manage heavy rain showers through their use, especially as altimetry and slope increase.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Bove, Edward L., Richard G. Ohye, Eric J. Devaney, Hiromi Kurosawa, Toshiharu Shin'oka, Aki Ikeda, and Toshio Nakanishi. "Anatomic correction of congenitally corrected transposition and its close cousins." Cardiology in the Young 16, S3 (September 2006): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951106001132.

Full text

Abstract:

The congenital cardiac malformation characterized by discordant connections between the atriums and ventricles, as well as those between the ventricles and the arterial trunks, has been given many names. The terms atrioventricular discordance, l-transposition of the great arteries, ventricular inversion, and congenitally corrected transposition have all been used. Regardless of terminology, this complex congenital anomaly has only recently been studied to analyze the long-term effects of its natural history and outcomes following traditional surgical repair of the associated malformations which serve to uncorrect the circulatory pathways. As more patients survive into adulthood, the effects of this condition are now better understood, and the surgical approaches used in the past are being re-examined in light of longer-term follow up.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Bove, Edward L., Richard G. Ohye, Eric J. Devaney, Hiromi Kurosawa, Toshiharu Shin'oka, Aki Ikeda, and Toshio Nakanishi. "Anatomic correction of congenitally corrected transposition and its close cousins." Cardiology in the Young 16, S3 (September 2006): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951106001399.

Full text

Abstract:

The congenital cardiac malformation characterized by discordant connections between the atriums and ventricles, as well as those between the ventricles and the arterial trunks, has been given many names. The terms atrioventricular discordance, l-transposition of the great arteries, ventricular inversion, and congenitally corrected transposition have all been used. Regardless of terminology, this complex congenital anomaly has only recently been studied to analyze the long-term effects of its natural history and outcomes following traditional surgical repair of the associated malformations which serve to uncorrect the circulatory pathways. As more patients survive into adulthood, the effects of this condition are now better understood, and the surgical approaches used in the past are being re-examined in light of longer-term follow up.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Sakai, J., and N. Kleckner. "Two Classes of Tn10 Transposase Mutants That Suppress Mutations in the Tn10 Terminal Inverted Repeat." Genetics 144, no. 3 (November 1, 1996): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.3.861.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Tn10 transposition requires IS10 transposase and essential sequences at the two ends of the element. Mutations in terminal basepairs 6–13 confer particularly strong transposition defects. We describe here the identification of transposase mutations that suppress the transposition defects of such terminus mutations. These mutations are named “SEM” for suppression of ends mutations. All of the SEM mutations suppress more than a single terminus mutation and thus are not simple alterations of transposase/end recognition specificity. The mutations identified fall into two classes on the basis of genetic tests, location within the protein and nature of the amino acid substitution. Class I mutations, which are somewhat allele specific, appear to define a small structural and functional domain of transposase in which hydrophobic interactions are important at an intermediate stage of the transposition reaction, after an effective interaction between the ends but before transposon excision. Class II mutations, which are more general in their effects, occur at a single residue in a small noncritical amino-terminal proteolytic domain of transposase and exert their affects by altering a charge interaction; these mutations may affect act early in the reaction, before or during establishment of an effective interaction between the ends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Lin, Yu-Cheng, and Pei-Ying Lin. "Reading minds in motion: Mouse tracking reveals transposed-character effects in Chinese compound word recognition." Applied Psycholinguistics 41, no. 4 (July 2020): 727–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000181.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis study investigated the development of character transposition effects during Chinese compound word recognition via computer mouse movements instead of the conventional key presses. Empirical evidence to reveal the impacts of vocabulary knowledge, grade level, and whole word frequency on Chinese transposed-character effect is lacking. In the present study, we measured the transposed-character effect in two groups of Taiwanese children (second and fourth graders) in a mouse-tracking lexical-decision task including nonwords derived from real words by transposing two characters (e.g., “習學” from “學習” [learning]) and control nonwords in which two characters are replaced (e.g., “以修”). Our results indicate that participants showed longer mouse movement times and larger spatial attraction in recognizing transposed-character nonwords than in replaced-character nonwords, suggesting that the dominant role of whole-word representation in processing Chinese compound words. Our results also further demonstrate that how the degree of character transposition was affected by vocabulary knowledge, grade level, and word frequency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Galdino, Jean Carlos da Silva, Marcos Aurélio Vasconcelos Freitas, Neilton Fidelis da Silva, Marcio Giannini Pereira, and João Marcelo Dias Ferreira. "Creating the Path for Sustainability: Inserting Solar PV in São Francisco Transposition Project." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 8982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218982.

Full text

Abstract:

Semiarid regions are characterized by prolonged droughts and drought regimes. In Brazil, 57% of the northeast region is considered semiarid, with an average annual rainfall of less than 800 mm. This climatic condition imposes the need to conduct public policies and develop infrastructure in order to mitigate drought effects. In this context, the São Francisco River transposition project is an alternative to problems concerning city water supplying and aiming at decreasing socio-economic impacts resulting from water restrictions in this region. On the one hand, the river transposition has the potential to establish a new development cycle in Northeastern Brazil, while, on the other, electricity demands, estimated at 2533 GWh/year from 320 MW of installed capacity, require technological alternatives that ensure the project’s financial sustainability. In this context, this study presents proposals for arrangements concerning electric energy production through photovoltaic systems as an alternative supply for the transposition project. To this end, a study of the region’s photovoltaic solar potential was carried out. Based on the performed assessment, three production arrangement proposals that consider the use of (i) the lateral area and (ii) the transposition channel and (iii) part of the area of some reservoirs belonging to the transposition of São Francisco river. The study point out that the use of this potential for all three studied arrangements is favorable to supply, individually or in a combined form, the electrical energy demanded by the pumping stations installed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Tomičić, Branko, and Dunja Srpak. "Influence of strands transposition on current distribution and power losses in windings of AC machines." Tehnički glasnik 12, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180301185613.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper analyses how the type of winding affects the current distribution and power losses in armature winding. Using finite element method, four different types of winding used in large asynchronous motors are analyzed: form-wound concentric, with and without transposition, and form-wound barrel, with and without transposition, for the stationary state. In two cases, the calculation shows clear differences between maximum currents in strands, a shift in their phases, and a resulting increase of AC resistance. In two other cases, minor deviations, smaller phase shift and smaller increase of AC resistance, are detected. It indicates that in certain types of armature winding of large motors the strands transposition leads to significant positive effects in terms of motor power, while in other cases it leads to unnecessary complications making the manufacture of large asynchronous machines more difficult, with relatively small positive effect on the motor power losses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Balls, Michael, and Michelle Hudson. "Comments on UK Options for Transposition of European Directive 2010/63/EU." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 40, no. 2 (May 2012): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119291204000210.

Full text

Abstract:

The British Government's proposals for the transposition of European Directive 2010/63/EU are discussed under five main headings: direct transposition without major effects on the UK legislation, introduction of stricter requirements in the Directive, retention of stricter controls in the Animals [Scientific Procedures] Act 1986, questions requiring further consideration, and matters of concern. The Home Office had published a consultation on the options in 2011, which resulted in 98 responses from organisations and 13,458 responses from individuals. Our main concerns relate to the use of non-human primates, the annual publication of the UK statistics on laboratory animal use, and the provision of greater transparency on how animals are used, and why. Finally, we conclude that the new Directive and its transposition into the national laws of the Member states provide a renewed opportunity for genuine commitment to the Three Rs, leading to progressive and significant Reduction, Refinement and Replacement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Gu, Junjuan, and Xingshan Li. "The effects of character transposition within and across words in Chinese reading." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 77, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0749-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

PAHISA, J., S. MARTÍNEZ-ROMÁN, M. A. MARTÍNEZ-ZAMORA, A. TORNÉ, X. CAPARRÓS, A. SANJUÁN, and J. A. LEJÁRCEGUI. "Laparoscopic ovarian transposition in patients with early cervical cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 18, no. 3 (May 2008): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01054.x.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and morbidity of laparoscopic ovarian transposition on the preservation of hormonal function in patients younger than 45 years operated for early cervical cancer. According to risk factors on pathologic evaluation of the specimen, some of them will receive postoperative pelvic radiotherapy. This subset of patients could benefit from taking the ovaries away from the irradiation field in an effort to preserve their functionality. This prospective study included 28 FIGO stage IB1 cervical cancer patients, 45 years old or younger, maintaining menstrual cycles, who were considered suitable for conservation of the ovaries. The ovarian transposition was performed by laparoscopy as a part of the same celio-Schauta operation. Twelve patients underwent adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy. No intraoperative or postoperative morbidity related to the ovarian transposition was observed, and the procedure only entailed a minimum delay of the operative time. There were no cases of ovarian metastasis. At a mean follow-up of 44 months, 63.6% of patients receiving radiotherapy and 93% of those who nonirradiated maintained normal ovarian function. Two patients developed benign ovarian cysts, requiring oophorectomy, but no other long-term adverse effects of the transposition were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest series of the laparoscopic procedure reported to date in this setting. According to our results, laparoscopic ovarian transposition is a safe and effective procedure for the preservation of ovarian function in young patients with early cervical cancer undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Łubocki, Jakub Maciej. "„Biblia królowej Zofii” — od rękopisu do formy cyfrowej." Studia o Książce i Informacji (dawniej: Bibliotekoznawstwo) 36 (July 5, 2018): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7729.36.6.

Full text

Abstract:

Bible of Queen Sophia — from the manuscript to the digital formThe aim of study was to describe tangled history of Biblia królowej Zofii Bible of Queen Sophia; Queen Sophia’s Bible; Sárospatak Bible. This is one of the greatest cultural artefact of the Old Polish language — currently considered missing in its original form. Against this background, the author set further transpositions of the manuscript into anew forms of publications out transcription, collotype, transliteration, digitization. These other forms are associated with such figures as Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Jerzy Henryk Lubomirski, Antoni Małecki, Ludwik Bernacki, Zenon Klemensiewicz, Stanisław Urbańczyk, Vladimír Kyas — they researched the manuscript or initiated the process of its re-publication. Description and analysis of the effects of their achievements and their advantages and disadvantages, it all shows how difficult it is to face transposition of awork into anew form, and aproper choice of form and appropriately attuned reference matter are the keys to correct and effective presentation of the ancient work in contemporary realities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Moore, Sharon P., and David J. Garfinkel. "Functional Analysis of N-Terminal Residues of Ty1 Integrase." Journal of Virology 83, no. 18 (July 1, 2009): 9502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00159-09.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The Ty1 retrotransposon of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is comprised of structural and enzymatic proteins that are functionally similar to those of retroviruses. Despite overall sequence divergence, certain motifs are highly conserved. We have examined the Ty1 integrase (IN) zinc binding domain by mutating the definitive histidine and cysteine residues and thirteen residues in the intervening (X32) sequence between IN-H22 and IN-C55. Mutation of the zinc-coordinating histidine or cysteine residues reduced transposition by more than 4,000-fold and led to IN and reverse transcriptase (RT) instability as well as inefficient proteolytic processing. Alanine substitution of the hydrophobic residues I28, L32, I37 and V45 in the X32 region reduced transposition 85- to 688-fold. Three of these residues, L32, I37, and V45, are highly conserved among retroviruses, although their effects on integration or viral infectivity have not been characterized. In contrast to the HHCC mutants, all the X32 mutants exhibited stable IN and RT, and protein processing and cDNA production were unaffected. However, glutathione S-transferase pulldowns and intragenic complementation analysis of selected transposition-defective X32 mutants revealed decreased IN-IN interactions. Furthermore, virus-like particles with in-L32A and in-V45A mutations did not exhibit substantial levels of concerted integration products in vitro. Our results suggest that the histidine/cysteine residues are important for steps in transposition prior to integration, while the hydrophobic residues function in IN multimerization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Pignatelli, Patricia M., and Trudy F. C. Mackay. "Hybrid dysgenesis-induced response to selection in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 54, no. 3 (December 1989): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300028640.

Full text

Abstract:

SummaryIn Drosophila melanogaster, the P−M and I−R systems of hybrid dysgenesis are associated with high rates of transposition of P and I elements, respectively, in the germlines of dysgenic hybrids formed by crossing females of strains without active elements to males of strains containing them. Transposition rates are not markedly accelerated in the reciprocal, nondysgenic hybrids. Previous attempts to evaluate the extent to which hybrid dysgenesis-mediated P transposition contributes to mutational variance for quantitative characters by comparing the responses to selection of P−M dysgenic and nondysgenic hybrids have given variable results. This experimental design has been extended to include an additional quantitative trait and the I−R hybrid dysgenesis system. The selection responses of lines founded from both dysgenic and nondysgenic crosses showed features that would be expected from the increase in frequency of initially rare genes with major effects on the selected traits. These results differ from those of previous experiments which showed additional selection response only in lines started from dysgenic crosses, and can be explained by the occasional occurrence of large effect transposable element-induced polygenic mutations in both dysgenic and nondysgenic selection lines. High rates of transposition in populations founded from nondysgenic crosses may account for the apparently contradictory results of the earlier selection experiments, and an explanation is proposed for its occurrence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Transposition effects'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles