Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transtorno de conduta'
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Nunes, Maura Marques de Souza. "A apercepção familiar em crianças com ou sem transtornos de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade, transtorno de conduta e transtorno desafiador opositivo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4825.
Full textThe Hyperactivity/Attention Deficit Disorder (HADD) and the Behavior Disorder (BD) reflect on the life of the child and the adolescent in an invasive fashion, breaking up the expected development for that age range. The damages caused occur in several areas (social placement, interpersonal relations), generating family and personal problems. On the other hand, many adverse family circumstances may be associated to problems of child and adolescent behavior. Based on that, this thesis approaches these topics in two section, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical study, through a revision of the literature, refers to the role of the family and school environment in the background of the subjects, in both the psychic and the social and emotional aspects, regarding the global, healthy development of the child and the adolescent. It lays out the features associated to the hyperactivity/attention deficit and behavior disorders, highlighting the factors within the family and the school environments that may favor the accentuating or the minimizing of their clinical manifestations. The empirical study responds to the research project that originated this thesis and aimed at checking whether children with Behavior Disorder, Oppositional Defiance Disorder and Hyperactivity/Attention Deficit Disorder, when tested against the Family Apperception Test (FAT), tend to provide more responses that denote the apperception of a more conflictive or dysfunctional family functioning than the responses given by children without these disorders. 32 male and female children, aged 06 to 11, divided into two groups (G1 clinical and G2 non-clinical) of 16 subjects participated The instruments used were: a sociodemographical data file, the Child Behavior Checklist – CBCL, the Raven Color Progress Matrix Test – Special Scale and the FAT. The results show significant association between the non-clinical group type and the conflictive response category for pictures 4 (the shop, p=0. 028), 11 (the delay, p=0. 017) and 18 (the trip, p=0. 003). Pictures 7 (the kitchen, p=0. 020), 9 (school tasks, p=0. 019), 11(bed time, p=0. 031) and 18 (the trip, p<0. 001) prove that the non-clinical group found more positive solutions for their conflicts, as compared to the clinical group. In the results for categories, limit imposition, boundaries and kind of system, no association with statistical significance was found.
O Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) e o Transtorno de Conduta (TC) repercutem na vida da criança e do adolescente de forma invasiva, rompendo com o desenvolvimento esperado para esta faixa etária. Os prejuízos causados ocorrem em diversas áreas (relações interpessoais, inserção social) gerando problemas familiares e pessoais. Por outro lado, muitas circunstâncias familiares adversas podem estar associadas a problemas de comportamento nas crianças e adolescentes. Com base nisso, esta dissertação aborda estes tópicos em duas seções, uma teórica e outra, empírica. O estudo teórico, através de uma revisão da literatura, faz referência ao papel do ambiente familiar e escolar na formação dos sujeitos, tanto no aspecto psíquico, como social e emocional, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento global, saudável, da criança e do adolescente. Expõe as características associadas dos transtornos de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e de conduta, destacando os fatores do ambiente familiar e escolar que podem favorecer para acentuar ou minimizar as manifestações clínicas dos mesmos. O estudo empírico, responde ao projeto de pesquisa que deu origem a esta dissertação, e teve como objetivo verificar se crianças que apresentam Transtorno de Conduta, Transtorno Desafiador Opositivo e Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade tendem a dar, quando testadas com o Teste de Apercepção Familiar (FAT), mais respostas que denotem a apercepção de um funcionamento familiar mais conflitivo ou disfuncional do que as respostas dadas por crianças sem estes transtornos. Participaram 32 crianças dos sexos masculino e feminino, com idades entre 06 e 11 anos, divididas em dois grupos (G1 clínico e G2 não clínico) de 16 sujeitos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos, a Child Behavior Checklist – CBCL, o Teste Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven – Escala Especial e o FAT. Os resultados mostraram associação significativa entre o tipo de grupo não-clínico e a categoria de resposta conflito para as lâminas 4 (da loja, p=0,028), 11 (do atraso, p=0,017) e 18 (da viagem, p=0,003). Constata-se nas lâminas 7 (da cozinha, p=0,020), 9 (das tarefas escolares, p=0,019), 11 (da hora de dormir, p=0,031) e 18 (da viagem, p<0,001), que o grupo não-clínico encontrou mais soluções positivas para seus conflitos, em comparação com o grupo clínico. Nos resultados para as categorias, imposição de limites, fronteiras e tipo de sistema não foi identificada associação com significância estatística.
Nunes, Maura Marques de Souza. "A apercep??o familiar em crian?as com ou sem transtornos de d?ficit de aten??o/hiperatividade, transtorno de conduta e transtorno desafiador opositivo." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/875.
Full textO Transtorno de D?ficit de Aten??o/Hiperatividade (TDAH) e o Transtorno de Conduta (TC) repercutem na vida da crian?a e do adolescente de forma invasiva, rompendo com o desenvolvimento esperado para esta faixa et?ria. Os preju?zos causados ocorrem em diversas ?reas (rela??es interpessoais, inser??o social) gerando problemas familiares e pessoais. Por outro lado, muitas circunst?ncias familiares adversas podem estar associadas a problemas de comportamento nas crian?as e adolescentes. Com base nisso, esta disserta??o aborda estes t?picos em duas se??es, uma te?rica e outra, emp?rica. O estudo te?rico, atrav?s de uma revis?o da literatura, faz refer?ncia ao papel do ambiente familiar e escolar na forma??o dos sujeitos, tanto no aspecto ps?quico, como social e emocional, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento global, saud?vel, da crian?a e do adolescente. Exp?e as caracter?sticas associadas dos transtornos de d?ficit de aten??o/hiperatividade e de conduta, destacando os fatores do ambiente familiar e escolar que podem favorecer para acentuar ou minimizar as manifesta??es cl?nicas dos mesmos. O estudo emp?rico, responde ao projeto de pesquisa que deu origem a esta disserta??o, e teve como objetivo verificar se crian?as que apresentam Transtorno de Conduta, Transtorno Desafiador Opositivo e Transtorno de D?ficit de Aten??o/Hiperatividade tendem a dar, quando testadas com o Teste de Apercep??o Familiar (FAT), mais respostas que denotem a apercep??o de um funcionamento familiar mais conflitivo ou disfuncional do que as respostas dadas por crian?as sem estes transtornos. Participaram 32 crian?as dos sexos masculino e feminino, com idades entre 06 e 11 anos, divididas em dois grupos (G1 cl?nico e G2 n?o cl?nico) de 16 sujeitos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: uma ficha de dados sociodemogr?ficos, a Child Behavior Checklist CBCL, o Teste Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven Escala Especial e o FAT. Os resultados mostraram associa??o significativa entre o tipo de grupo n?o-cl?nico e a categoria de resposta conflito para as l?minas 4 (da loja, p=0,028), 11 (do atraso, p=0,017) e 18 (da viagem, p=0,003). Constata-se nas l?minas 7 (da cozinha, p=0,020), 9 (das tarefas escolares, p=0,019), 11 (da hora de dormir, p=0,031) e 18 (da viagem, p<0,001), que o grupo n?o-cl?nico encontrou mais solu??es positivas para seus conflitos, em compara??o com o grupo cl?nico. Nos resultados para as categorias, imposi??o de limites, fronteiras e tipo de sistema n?o foi identificada associa??o com signific?ncia estat?stica.
Perez, Camila Deneno. "O diagnóstico de transtorno de conduta: incidências no campo da saúde mental da infância e adolescência." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20480.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This dissertation has as main objective the problematization of the diagnosis of conduct disorder directed to children and adolescents. More specifically, this study proposes to 1) to contextualize historically the emergence of this classification in psychiatry, as well as the questions raised in this segment; 2) to characterize and analyze some of its implications in the field of childhood and adolescence mental health. The methodological strategies were based on clues of the genealogy proposed by Michel Foucault and on the contributions of the French Institutional Analysis. From the point of view of the procedures adopted, we tracked the notion of "conduct disorder" in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and its modulations in different editions, as well as highlighting positions that question such a psychopathological classification in psychiatric child-juvenile manuals. We also discuss the forensic uses and the psi-juridical articulation (re)produced by this diagnosis. A second dimension of the research, of an empirical nature, sought to analyze some of its uses and effects in a mental health service destined to children and adolescents through the monitoring, in the case-tracer strategy, of a case considered conduct disorder in a child-juvenile CAPS. As an analytical perspective, we use contributions from Michel Foucault on the psychiatry of childhood and the institution of abnormality as a mechanism for governing lives. We conclude that the classification of "conduct disorder" supports control and normalization actions, since it validates the correction of rebelliousness and inequality, decontextualized and circumscribed as deviant conduct. We consider that these reflections, related to child-juvenile mental health, can favor the construction of affirmative practices of the difference, the singularity and the unpredictability of childhood
A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo a problematização do diagnóstico de transtorno de conduta dirigido a crianças e adolescentes. Mais especificamente, este estudo propõe-se a 1) contextualizar historicamente a emergência desta classificação na psiquiatria, assim como as indagações que suscitou neste âmbito; 2) caracterizar e analisar algumas de suas incidências no campo da saúde mental da infância e adolescência. As estratégias metodológicas se fundamentaram nas pistas da genealogia proposta por Michel Foucault e nas contribuições da Análise Institucional francesa. Do ponto de vista dos procedimentos adotados, rastreamos a noção de “transtorno de conduta” no Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM) e suas modulações em diferentes edições do mesmo, bem como destacamos posicionamentos que interrogam tal classificação psicopatológica em manuais de psiquiatria infanto-juvenil. Discutimos, ainda, os usos forenses e a articulação psi-jurídica (re)produzida por esse diagnóstico. Uma segunda dimensão da pesquisa, de caráter empírico, buscou analisar alguns de seus usos e efeitos em um serviço de saúde mental destinado a crianças e adolescentes por meio do acompanhamento, na estratégia de caso-traçador, de um caso considerado de transtorno de conduta em um CAPS infanto-juvenil. Como perspectiva analítica, utilizamos aportes de Michel Foucault sobre a psiquiatrização da infância e a instituição da anormalidade como mecanismo de governo de vidas. Concluímos que a classificação “transtorno de conduta” sustenta ações de normalização e controle, uma vez que valida a correção de rebeldias e indocilidades, estas descontextualizadas e circunscritas como condutas desviantes. Consideramos que tais reflexões, relacionadas à saúde mental infanto-juvenil, podem favorecer a construção de práticas afirmativas da diferença, da singularidade e da imprevisibilidade da infância
Cruzeiro, Ana Laura Sica. "PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS AO TRANSTORNO DA CONDUTA: UM ESTUDO DE BASE POPULACIONAL." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2007. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/430.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study purposed to estimate the prevalence and the behavioral factors associated with the conduct disorder in adolescents aged between 11 and 15 years old. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1145 adolescents. The informed consent was signed by the parents or the responsible for the adolescent before he/she answered a self-administered questionnaire. The conduct disorder was assessed through the M.I.N.I. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, a compatible instrument with the criteria of the DSM-III-R/IV and the CID-10. It was assessed whether this pathology was associated with gender, age, socioeconomic status, adolescent schooling, failure at school, religion, use of tobacco, sedentarism, alcohol consumption, drug use, depression and bullying. The ordinal regression was used for the statistics analysis with a hierarchic model for the outcome. It is estimated that, among the interviewees, 29,2% has conduct disorder. After the adjustment made for the hierarchic model, the adolescents chances presented one point more in Conduct Disorder scale is 2,04 (IC95% 1,53-2,71) times higher in male sex. The pathology was also associated with age, socioeconomic status, alcoholic beverages consume, drug use and bullying. The results also shown that the factors associated with the conduct disorder point to a strong interrelation between health behaviors in adolescence
Este trabalho procurou estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao Transtorno da Conduta em adolescentes com idade entre 11 e 15 anos. Em 2006 realizou-se um estudo transversal com 1145 adolescentes na cidade de Pelotas, RS. Foram sorteados 79 setores censitários da zona urbana da cidade e em cada setor 86 domicílios foram visitados. Os adolescentes com idade entre 11 e 15 anos de idade responderam a um questionário auto-aplicado. O Transtorno da Conduta foi avaliado através do M.I.N.I. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Foi investigada a associação desta psicopatologia com sexo; idade; nível socioeconômico; escolaridade do adolescente; reprovação na escola; religião; sedentarismo; consumo de álcool; tabagismo; uso de drogas; depressão e Bullying. A regressão ordinal foi usada para a análise estatística. Estima-se que, entre os entrevistados, 29,2% tenham Transtorno da Conduta. Na análise multivariada, a chance de um adolescente apresentar um ponto a mais na escala que avalia Transtorno de Conduta foi 2,04 (IC95% 1,53-2,71) vezes maior no sexo masculino. O consumo de bebida alcoólica, o uso de drogas e Bullying estiveram associados com maior pontuação na escala de Transtornos de Conduta. Os resultados também mostraram que os fatores associados ao Transtorno da Conduta apontam para a forte inter-relação entre comportamentos de saúde na adolescência.
Medeiros, Mayara Wenice Alves de. "O comportamento pr?-social de crian?as com sintomatologia do transtorno da conduta." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/19607.
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Os comportamentos pr?-sociais s?o vistos diariamente na nossa vida, frequentemente presenciamos pessoas dando esmolas, ajudando um vizinho a fazer uma mudan?a, doando sangue, cuidando dos filhos de um amigo, entre outros. Em uma perspectiva evolucionista, provavelmente esses comportamentos se fazem presentes pelo seu alto valor adaptativo para nossa esp?cie, justamente pela depend?ncia que temos da vida em grupo para nossa sobreviv?ncia. Provavelmente, por esse mesmo motivo, desde crian?as j? mostramos uma prefer?ncia por comportamentos pr?-sociais a comportamentos antissociais, sendo essa prefer?ncia mais vis?vel ao passo que crescemos. Entretanto, crian?as com sintomas do transtorno da conduta mostram um padr?o de comportamento agressivo, impulsivo e mais ego?sta que crian?as sem a sintomatologia. Al?m disso, essas crian?as tamb?m vivenciam ambientes, onde os comportamentos antissociais s?o mais frequentes e intensos se comparado ? popula??o geral. Experimentos com priming s?o uma forma de medir a influ?ncia de pistas ambientais simples sobre o nosso comportamento, por exemplo, dirigimos mais r?pido quando escutamos m?sicas aceleradas, pessoas religiosas ajudam mais diante de elementos religiosos, como a b?blia, e crian?as s?o mais cooperadoras ap?s jogarem jogos de cunho educativo. Com isso, o presente estudo teve como objetivos: avaliar se existe diferen?a na generosidade, por meio do comportamento de partilha, entre crian?as que apresentam sintomatologia do transtorno da conduta e crian?as que n?o apresentam a dita sintomatologia; analisar a influ?ncia de um priming pr?-social sobre o comportamento de partilha em crian?as com ou sem sintomatologia do transtorno da conduta; e por fim, analisar sob a perspectiva evolucionista as raz?es dadas por crian?as com ou sem sintomatologia do transtorno da conduta para partilhar ou n?o com o melhor amigo de sala de aula. Para isso, os professores das crian?as respondiam um invent?rio que sinalizava para a presen?a ou aus?ncia de sintomatologia do transtorno da conduta. As crian?as com ou sem sintomatologia podiam passar por uma condi??o experimental (com priming) ou por uma condi??o controle (sem priming). Na condi??o experimental as crian?as assistiam a dois v?deos curtos mostrando ajuda e partilha entre os pares, realizavam uma atividade de distra??o, e por fim, escolhiam dois entre quatro materiais mostrados pelo experimentador e decidiam quanto desses dois materiais gostariam de partilhar com o melhor amigo de sala de aula. Em seguida, ix eram questionadas a crian?a as raz?es da partilha e da reten??o. As crian?as da condi??o controle faziam as mesmas atividades, por?m n?o assistiam aos v?deos. Os resultados encontrados mostram uma diferen?a do efeito do priming de acordo com a fase do desenvolvimento na qual a crian?a se encontra; uma diferen?a na quantidade de material doado por crian?as com ou sem sintomas do transtorno da conduta, e uma mudan?a dessa diferen?a diante do priming pr?-social; e por fim, uma converg?ncia entre o pensamento utilizado por crian?as nas raz?es de partilha e as Teorias Evolucionistas. Esses resultados sinalizam a import?ncia de fatores individuais, do desenvolvimento, ambientais e evolutivos no comportamento pr?-social de crian?as com e sem sintomas do transtorno da conduta.
Pro-social behaviors are seen regularly throughout our daily lives, as we often witness people giving alms, helping a neighbor move, donating blood, or taking care of a friend's children, among others. From an evolutionary perspective, such behaviors occur because they have a high adaptive value to our species, precisely due to our high degree of dependence on group living for survival. Probably, for this same reason, since children have shown a preference for prosocial behaviors over antisocial behaviors, this preference becomes more visible as we grow. However, children with symptoms of conduct disorder show a pattern of aggressive, impulsive and more selfish behaviors than children without such symptoms. Furthermore, these children also experience environments in which antisocial behaviors are more frequent and intense compared to the general population. Priming experiments are one way of measuring the influence of simple environmental cues on our behavior. For example, driving faster when listening to music, religious people help more on religious elements, like the bible, and children are more cooperative after playing games of an educational nature. Thus, the objectives of the current study were to: evaluate whether there is any difference in generosity, through sharing behavior, among children with and without symptoms of conduct disorder; analyze the influence of prosocial priming on sharing behavior on children with and without symptoms of conduct disorder; and finally, analyze from an evolutionary perspective, the reasons given by children with and without symptoms of conduct disorder for sharing or not sharing with their best friend in a classroom environment. To address this question, the teachers of these children were asked to respond to an inventory that was designed to signal the presence or absence of symptoms of conduct disorder. Children identified as having or not having symptoms of conduct disorder could then undergo an experimental (with priming) or control (no priming) condition. Under the experimental condition, the children were asked to watch two short videos showing scenes of helping and sharing among peers, to perform a distraction activity, and finally to chose two of four different materials presented by the researcher and decide how much of these two materials they would like to share with their best friend in the classroom. Then the children were asked about their reasons for sharing or not sharing. Children subjected to the control condition performed the same activities as in the xi experimental condition, but did not watch the video first. The results showed a notable difference in the effect of priming in accordance with the child's stage of development; a difference in the amount of material donated to a best friend by children with and without symptoms of conduct disorder, and a change in this observed difference with the influence of pro-social priming; and finally, a convergence in the thinking of children regarding their reasons for sharing with evolutionary theory. The results of this study also indicate the importance of individual factors, developmental stage, environmental and evolutionary conditions in the pro-social behavior of children with and without symptoms of conduct disorder.
Souza, Ana Luiza Decanini Miranda de. "Comportamento e sono em crianças com transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade /." Marília, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181981.
Full textBanca: Clay Brites
Banca: Célia Maria Giacheti
Resumo: O Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade (TDAH), cuja patogênese é multifatorial, apresenta a tríade de sintomas: hiperatividade, desatenção e impulsividade. Queixa frequente nessa população, os distúrbios do sono podem ser indicativos de problemas na ritmicidade circadiana e decorrer em problemas comportamentais, de cognição e de humor. Com o intuito de contribuir para o conhecimento das bases biológicas e das características clínicas no TDAH o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar possíveis correlações entre o comportamento, parâmetros do ritmo atividade/repouso, sono/vigília e a presença de distúrbios de sono em crianças com TDAH. Os dados comportamentais foram avaliados por meio do Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ); os parâmetros de atividade/repouso e sono/vigília por meio da actigrafia e a presença de distúrbios de sono por meio da Escala de Distúrbios de Sono para Crianças (EDSC). Participaram do estudo 27 crianças de sete a 12 anos de idade sendo 15 delas com diagnóstico de TDAH e 12 crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Os resultados mostraram que no escore total do SDQ 13,4% das crianças do grupo TDAH obtiveram pontuação para classificação normal, 33,3% limítrofe e 53,3% anormal enquanto 75% das crianças do grupo controle apresentaram pontuação total para classificação normal, 8,4% limítrofe e 16,6% anormal. No escore total da EDSC 66,6% das crianças com TDAH apresentaram distúrbios do sono. No grupo controle as crianças não apresentaram in... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), pathogenesis is multifactorial, presents a triad of symptoms: hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity. The frequencies in this population, sleep disorders may be indicative of problems in rhythmicity and behavioral, cognitive and mood behaviors. In order to contribute to the knowledge of the biological bases and clinical characteristics in ADHD, the objective of this study were to investigate correlations between behaviors, activity / rest cycle, sleep / wake cycle and sleep disorder in children with ADHD. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); The parameters rhythm of activity / sleep / sleep-wake through the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). Twenty-seven children, seven to 12 years of age, 15 of them with a diagnosis of ADHD and 12 children with typical development participated in the study. The results of the total SDQ score were 13.3% of the children in the ADHD group were classified as normal, 33.3% and the percentage of abnormal children were 53.3% of the children in the total control group for the normal classification, 8.4% borderline and 16.6% abnormal. The total score EDSC 66.6% of children with ADHD sleep disorders. In the control group, children are not indicative of sleep disorders. In SDSC subscales, 40% of the children in the ADHD group the indicative of disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, 20% sleep disordered breathing, 13.3% of the disorders of the awakening, 13.3% of the dist... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Teixeira, Eduardo Henrique 1969. "Clozapina no tratamento da agressividade patológica grave em crianças e adolescentes com transtorno de conduta ou com autismo." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311601.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: Comportamento agressivo pode ser a principal manifestação clínica de Transtorno de Conduta (TC) e Autismo e deve ser cuidadosamente manejado na criança e adolescente, considerando os possíveis prejuízos e a evolução para transtornos psiquiátricos graves na idade adulta. A clozapina se mostrou eficaz no controle da agressividade em crianças e adolescentes com esquizofrenia. Objetivos: Fazer uma análise detalhada dos resultados do uso clínico naturalístico da clozapina no manejo da agressividade patológica grave em TC e Autismo e seu impacto no funcionamento global dos casos estudados. Método: Sete crianças/adolescentes com diagnóstico de TC e quatro com diagnóstico de Autismo foram acompanhados durante seguimento ambulatorial em uso de clozapina por um período de 26 semanas para controle de agressividade patológica grave. Foram avaliadas periodicamente através das escalas CGI e CBCL. Resultados: O resultado foi positivo com dose média de clozapina de 375,0 mg/dia (± 202,2) principalmente em relação à agressividade afetiva/impulsiva, independente do diagnóstico. Em apenas um caso de TC os níveis de agressividade se mantiveram inalterados. A agressividade predatória/pró-ativa teve diminuição apenas parcial. As alterações hematológicas ficaram dentro dos limites de segurança. Conclusões: A clozapina se mostrou eficaz, foi bem tolerada e não ocorreram reações adversas graves, podendo ser considerada um recurso terapêutico útil nos casos em que os níveis de agressividade são muito elevados ou foram esgotadas outras abordagens terapêuticas. Esse antipsicótico se mostrou mais eficiente nos padrões de agressividade do tipo impulsiva/afetiva, portanto, esse tipo de agressividade parece poder ser manejada farmacologicamente e a clozapina é uma opção viável
Abstract: Introduction: Aggressive behavior can be the main clinical manifestation of Conduct Disorder (CD) and Autism, and has to be carefully approached in children and adolescents, since it may lead to serious psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Clozapine has proved effective in controlling aggressive behavior in schizophrenic children and teenagers. Objectives: Make a detailed analysis of the results of the naturalistic clinical use of Clozapine to control serious aggressive behavior in CD and Autism and its the global impact on patients. Method: Seven adolescents diagnosed with CD and four with Autism treated with Clozapine were followed during a period of 26 weeks to control severe aggressive behavior. They were analyzed periodically on the CGI and CBCL scale. Results: The results were positive with a medium doze of clozapine of 375,0 mg/day (± 202,2), specially in the cases affective/impulsive aggressiveness, regardless the diagnosis. In just one case of CD the levels of aggressiveness didn't change. The predatory/pro-active kind of aggressiveness experienced only partial reduction. The hematological alterations remained within safe limits. Conclusion: Clozapine was helpful, easily accepted and there weren't important adverse reactions. It can be considered a useful resource in cases where the levels of aggressiveness are extreme or there are no other therapeutic ways. This antipsychotic drug has show to be more effective in the impulsive/affective type of aggressive disorder. Therefore, this kind of aggressiveness seems to be controllable by pharmaceutical means and Clozapine is a viable option
Doutorado
Saude Mental
Doutor em Ciências Médicas
Rodrigues, Juliana dos Santos. "ADOLESCÊNCIA E TRANSTORNO DE CONDUTA: ESTUDO DO FUNCIONAMENTO PSÍQUICO E DA PERCEPÇÃO DA FIGURA PATERNA DE ADOLESCENTES INFRATORES." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2011. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1460.
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This study aimed to: a) investigating the contents psychodynamics of adolescent offenders; b) describing the perception of affective and relational interactions with respect to paternal figure of adolescents. For this we are studied six cases of adolescents who have committed violations and have met educational measures, five of them aged 17 and one aged 14. These adolescents attended CEDECA (Center for Defense of the Rights of the Child and Adolescent) town of Mauá (São Paulo), where data were collected. The instruments used were the Procedure for Drawing-Story with Theme and semi structured interview. The procedure was performed using the following instructions: Draw a teenager Mauá and draw the father of a teenager from Mauá, and after each drawing, the teenager was asked to tell a story about it. In general, the results showed that the primitive and childish caracteristics were present in the production of six teenagers, since the defense mechanisms such as idealization, denial, splitting and other defense mechanisms schizoid. It was also evident the difficulty of growth and development of personality as well as the antisocial behavior are associated with the quality of the introjection of the father and the relationship that adolescents have with it. It is concluded that psychic development is a determining factor for which the person is a criminal conduct in the future. Therefore, further studies are needed on the personality of adolescents in conflict with the law, so that scientific knowledge can contribute to actions within the family, as well as programs for primary and secondary prevention of conditions which may give a good psychic development to people before they reach adolescence and adulthood.
O presente estudo teve por objetivos: a) investigar conteúdos da psicodinâmica dos adolescentes infratores; b) descrever a percepção das interações afetivo-relacionais dos adolescentes em relação à figura paterna. Para isso foram estudados seis casos de adolescentes que cometeram infração e que cumprem medidas sócioeducativas, sendo cinco deles com 17 anos e um com 14 anos. Esses adolescentes freqüentavam o CEDECA (Centro de Defesa dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente) da cidade de Mauá (São Paulo), local onde os dados foram coletados. Foram utilizados como instrumentos o Procedimento de Desenho-Estória com Tema e entrevista semi-estruturada. A aplicação do procedimento foi feita com base nas seguintes instruções: desenhe um adolescente de Mauá e desenhe o pai de um adolescente de Mauá e, após cada desenho, foi pedido que o adolescente contasse uma história sobre o mesmo. De um modo geral, os resultados mostraram que o primitivismo e esteve presente na produção dos seis adolescentes, visto a presença de mecanismos de defesa como idealização, negação, cisão e outros mecanismos de defesa esquizóides. Também ficou evidente que a dificuldade de crescimento e evolução da personalidade, assim como a conduta anti-social estão associadas à qualidade da introjeção da figura paterna e a relação que estes adolescentes estabelecem com ela. Concluiu-se que o modo como se dá o desenvolvimento psíquico é fator determinante para que indivíduo seja levado á conduta delituosa. Por isso, são necessários mais estudos sobre a personalidade de adolescentes em conflito com a lei, para que o conhecimento científico possa contribuir em ações no âmbito familiar, bem como em programas de prevenção primária e secundária que possam dar condições de um bom desenvolvimento psíquico às pessoas antes que cheguem à adolescência e à idade adulta.
Santos, Rodrigo Pereira dos. "Mente vazia, oficina do diabo: um estudo sobre jovens diagnosticados com transtorno de conduta num ambulatório público de saúde mental em Santa Cruz - RJ." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5162.
Full textThe diagnostics manuals of psychiatry and the international classifications of disorders are showing the derangement of the behavior like one of the most commons disorders that affect children and teenagers who live in a poor and urban environment. This work investigate how the emergency and the development of this area emerge form the transformations on the cultural scenario by the capitalism, like the lack of jobs, increase of the violence and the constant feeling of social insecurity. Search to know how this category appear like a shape of stigma and control in the contemporaneous society of those list young people, because this derangement are point like one of the explanations for the violence that those kids commit. This work was done in a context of a mental health ambulatory, on a poor neighborhood, in Rio e Janeiro, with teenagers who were diagnostic with those disorders. As methodology, were used the review of the discourse of the professionals who work in a public health ambulatory in relation to the young people who were diagnostic. At the same time we done the review of the therapeutic conduct of the professionals thought those teenagers. This work shows the extreme use of medications in the treatment of those young people, spite a few scientific evidence being really prove.
Vitola, Eduardo Schneider. "Transtornos externalizantes em adultos com TDAH." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30924.
Full textObjective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are frequently co-occurring disorders in children and adolescents. However, their clinical status among adults is disputed. This study analyzes how the clinical presentation of persistent ADHD might be influenced by a childhood or adolescence history of CD and ODD, and how these findings fit in the behavioral disinhibition framework. Methods: Patients were ascertained in an ADHD outpatient clinic. Diagnoses were based on the DSM-IV criteria and all subjects were evaluated using the KSADS- E for ADHD and ODD, MINI for CD/ASPD, SCID-I for other comorbidities, SNAP-IV for ADHD severity and Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) for personality. We compared patients with ADHD (n= 458) with controls (n=121). For those variables with significant differences, we compared three groups of patients: ADHD without history of CD or ODD (n=178); ADHD + history of ODD (without CD) (n=184) and ADHD + history of CD (with or without ODD) (n=96). Results: Patients with ADHD presented a worse profile than controls in several variables, including a higher frequency of all comorbidities. Within the ADHD group, a history of CD (and to a lower extent ODD) is associated with a more severe and externalizing profile. Conclusion: A history of CD and ODD entail a significant negative mental health impact on persistent ADHD, reinforcing the predictive validity of these entities in adulthood mental health. These findings suggest a link among neurodevelopmental deficits, personality characteristics, and unfolding of psychopathology consistent with the behavioral disinhibition cascade.
Adams, Aline. "Entre a loucura e o desvio: adolescentes em conflito com a lei acometidos de transtorno psicótico e de conduta no cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1729.
Full textThis master’s degree is about the accomplishment of socio-educational measure of internment for teenagers in conflict with the Law who are diagnosed with conduct or psychotic disorder. This research’s hypotheses deal with the existence of substantial differences between teen offenders affected with psychotic disorder and conduct disorder, even though the treatment given by FASE is the same; and the significance of the incidence of teenegers affected by psychic suffering, specially those already mentioned, which has been treated as if it didn’t exist by legal operators and by the administration of Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo (FASE), since there’s no solution from the practical or legal perspective. The goals were to investigate Brazilian legislation concerning the ability of accomplishing the socio-educational measures of teenagers with diagnosis of psychotic disorder and conduct disorder, and to evaluate empirically the existence of teenagers unable o accomplish socio-educational measures and the conditions of Fundação de Atendimento Socioeducativo (FASE-RS) for the psychic and juridical treatment of those teenagers. For such experiment it was used a dialectical-critical approach, through the qualitative methodology of research. Ten archived medical records of teenagers who accomplished the measure of internment at FASE/RS were analyzed, three of those teenagers with psychic symptoms and seven of teenagers with diagnosis of conduct disorder. From the appreciation of the findings, it was concluded that psychotic and conduct disorders possess differences not only in their symptoms, but also in their possibilities of treatment. However, inside FASE it’s not possible to say that there are differences in the internment conduction of those different types of teenagers. In the other hand, the second hypothesis was confirmed partially in its first part, but denied in its second. It is possible to say that the portion of teenagers that show the researched diagnoses/symptoms is relevant, mainly concerning the conduct disorder. However, there seems to be of FASE’s growing concern with the management of these teenagers, taking in consideration those descriptions appeared not only on the reports done by the institution, but also in the measure evaluation hearings.
Esta dissertação, do curso de mestrado em Ciências Criminais, área de concentração Sistema Penal e Violência, linha de pesquisa Criminologia e Controle Social, trata do cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação por adolescentes em conflito com a lei que possuem diagnóstico de transtorno de conduta ou psicótico. As hipóteses de pesquisa versavam acerca de que se existem diferenças substanciais entre os adolescentes infratores acometidos de transtorno psicótico e transtorno de conduta, e se o tratamento fornecido pela FASE é o mesmo; e se a incidência de adolescentes acometidos de sofrimento psíquico, em especial os já referidos é significativa, mas tem sido tratada como se não existisse pelos operadores jurídicos e por parte da administração da Fundação de Atendimento Sócio-Educativo. Os objetivos foram averiguar a legislação brasileira quanto à capacidade para cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de adolescentes com diagnóstico de transtorno psicótico e transtorno de conduta; além de avaliar faticamente a existência de adolescentes incapazes de cumprimento de medidas socioeducativa e as condições da Fundação de Atendimento Sócio-Educativo (FASE-RS) para o tratamento psíquico e jurídico desses jovens. Para tanto, utilizou-se a abordagem Dialético-Crítica, através da metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa. Analisaram-se dez prontuários arquivados de adolescentes que cumpriram medida de internação na FASE/RS, sendo que três eram de adolescentes com sintomas psicóticos e sete de adolescentes com diagnóstico de transtorno de conduta. Da apreciação dos achados, concluiu-se que o transtorno psicótico e o de conduta possuem diferenças não só nos seus sintomas, como também nas possibilidades de tratamento. Contudo, no interior da FASE não se pode dizer que há diferenças no cuidado desses tipos diferentes de adolescentes. Já a segunda hipótese foi confirmada em sua primeira parte, mas afastada na sua segunda. Pode-se dizer que a parcela de adolescentes que apresenta os diagnósticos/sintomas pesquisados é relevante, principalmente no que diz respeito ao transtorno de conduta. Entretanto, parece ser uma preocupação crescente da FASE com o manejo desses jovens, sendo que tais descrições apareceram não só nos laudos efetuados pela instituição como também nas audiências de avaliação de medida.
Avila, Rosamar Meyer de. "O DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO E O TRANSTORNO DE CONDUTA: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DO PROGRAMA DE SAÚDE PARA APRENDER MELHOR." Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2012. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/180.
Full textThis work aimed at investigating the repercussions of PAM Health Program which develops activities for diagnosis and multidisciplinary interventions in cases of learning and behavior disorders concerning family and school life, with children with conduct disorder. As a reference, the topics social policies and law, public policies, intersectorial policies, education and school, inclusive education, family and Conduct Disorder were used. To do this, the research was developed by using a qualitative approach, with semi-structured interview with the teachers and the ones responsible for the children bearing Conduct Disorder before and after the medical, psycho-educational and social interventions at two public elementary schools. This approach enabled knowing the family perception of a child bearing Conduct Disorder, while in the school environment there was an improvement in learning, interests and relationships, resulting in a better integration and harmony in the family bonds. According to the teachers‟ perception, there was also a highlight concerning an improvement in school performance and social relationships, enabling the inclusion of such student into the school. The Program was approved by the parents and the teachers. PAM was successful in contributing for a better family and social insertion of the children bearing CD. It has been noticed the need for intersectorial connections between health and education so that, by joining all the ones involved, the managers, the teachers, the knowledge and the population itself, the activities can be developed with the purpose of constructing efficient and resolving public policies that can surely respond to the needs of the children and adolescents bearing learning disorders
Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as repercussões do PAM - Programa de Saúde que desenvolve ações para diagnóstico e intervenções multidisciplinares em casos de transtorno de aprendizado e de comportamento - com relação à convivência familiar e escolar, junto às crianças com transtorno de conduta. Como referencial foram utilizados os temas políticas sociais e direito, políticas públicas, intersetorialidade, educação e escola, educação inclusiva, família e Transtorno de Conduta Para tanto, a pesquisa desenvolveu-se através de uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se de entrevista semiestruturada com os responsáveis e com os professores que acompanhavam as crianças com TC anterior e posterior as intervenções médicas, psicoeducacionais e sociais em duas escolas públicas de ensino fundamental. Esta abordagem permitiu conhecer a percepção da família da criança com TC, sendo que no ambiente escolar houve melhora no aprendizado, interesses e relacionamentos, refletindo-se em maior integração e harmonia nas relações familiares. Na percepção dos professores também foi evidenciada a melhora no rendimento escolar e nas relações sociais, permitindo a inclusão desse aluno à escola. O Programa obteve aprovação pelos pais e professores. O PAM teve êxito em contribuir para uma melhor inserção familiar e social das crianças com TC. Verificou-se a necessidade de intersetorialidade entre a saúde e a educação para que, com articulação entre todos os envolvidos, os gestores, os profissionais, os saberes e a própria população, as ações possam ser desenvolvidas com objetivo da construção de políticas públicas eficazes, resolutivas e que de fato atendam às necessidades de crianças e adolescentes com transtornos de aprendizagem
Oliveira, Elen Cristina Batista de. "Os aspectos psicopatológicos e fenomenológicos do transtorno de escoriação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-13022019-162817/.
Full textIntroduction: Excoriation Disorder (ED) is characterized by repetitive and excessive picking on healthy skin, resulting in significant skin damage and psychological distress associated with uncontrollable urge and failure to control this repetitive behavior. ED is currently classified under the Obsessive-compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRD) section of the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders - 5th edition. Nevertheless, there is still no consensus whether ED is more closely related to OCRDs or it would be better conceptualized as a behavioral addiction. Objectives: Compare ED patients with two paradigms of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) and impulsive-addictive disorders (gambling disorder), analyzing their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, diagnostic categories, comorbidity profile, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, impulsive traits, and personality features. The purpose of this comparison was to assess whether ED was more related to OCD-related disorders (OCDRD) or to behavioral addictions, e.g., Gambling Disorder (GD). Methods: Study participants were 121 patients seeking treatment at Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPq), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brasil. Of the 121 participants, 40 were diagnosed with ED, 41 with OCD, and 40 with GD. Structured clinical interviews were used to diagnose and compare the three groups in diagnostic overlap and current psychiatric-comorbidities, and standardized self-reports were used to evaluate the dimensional variables. Results: Participants in the ED group were more likely to be women, young, and with higher levels of education compared with those of the other groups. In the categorical analysis, ED was more significantly approached to OCD (n=14) than to GD (n=3), overlapping the first. In general, ED and OCD were also more likely to exhibit other body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRB) and anxiety disorders. The presence of BFRB differentiated ED from GD. In contrast, ED differed from OCD by the presence of addictive behaviors. The dimensional analysis found that ED is a hybrid model of obsessive-compulsivity and impulsivity. Discussion: Categorical analysis supports the classification of ED as OCDRD; however, ED presented differences that may share underlying characteristics with OCD (e.g., compulsivity) and behavioral addiction (e.g., impulsivity). Dimensional analysis suggests a heterogeneous psychopathological in ED with both obsessive-compulsive and impulsive features. Correlation analysis shows that obsessive-compulsivity and impulsivity scores were not correlated to skin excoriation severity symptoms. The overall viewpoints to the allocation of ED points to its own diagnostic category, that is, Body-focused Repetitive Behaviors (BFRB). Conclusion: ED shows a peculiar demographic and clinical profile. ED and OCD share more similarities in the profile of psychiatric comorbidities than GD, mostly based on anxiety disorders. In contrast, ED differs from OCD by a more frequent association with addictive disorders. ED presented intermediate levels of compulsivity and impulsivity between OCD and GD in the dimensional approach. The excoriation behavior showed no relevant correlation with dimensional measures of compulsivity or impulsivity
Carneiro, Pedro Henrique Marinho. "Política social, saúde mental e infância e juventude: a medicalização dos transtornos de conduta em Carapicuíba (SP)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17479.
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The theme of this dissertation study is to analyze the processes of medicalization of expressions of social issues, as a mechanism present in mental health interventions aimed at children and youth under the National Health System (SUS), particularly with regard to the process medicalization of youth who exhibit behavior deemed socially deviant and the diagnosis of "conduct disorder", according to criteria of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10). The study places the development of the current National Policy on Mental Health, based on the experience of the city of Carapicuíba (SP), considering the dimensions of the Brazilian Social Policy.It presents the characteristics of the CAPS (Center for Psychosocial Care for children) and the council.Develops also a retrospective on the history of child psychiatry in Brazil since his first words to the reorientation of the model of mental health care, referring to the process of mobilization of workers, patients and families that made possible the development of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. The analysis of the processes of medicalization is developed from archival research and field, which is characterized by the survey data contained in records of users registered in CAPS child.From the scenario presented, was held to identify elements that link the State's responses on the needs of adolescents and the potential link between social policies aiming to confront human rights violations
O tema de estudo desta dissertação consiste na análise dos processos de medicalização de expressões da questão social, como mecanismo presente nas ações em saúde mental destinadas à infância e juventude no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), particularmente no que se refere ao processo de medicalização de jovens que apresentam comportamentos considerados socialmente desviantes e o diagnóstico de transtorno de conduta , de acordo com critérios da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID 10). O estudo situa o desenvolvimento da atual Política Nacional de Saúde Mental, com base na experiência da cidade de Carapicuíba (SP), considerando as dimensões da Política Social Brasileira. Para tanto, apresenta as características do CAPSi (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial infantil) e do município. Desenvolve, ainda, um retrospecto sobre a história da psiquiatria infantil no Brasil desde suas primeiras expressões até a reorientação do modelo de atenção em saúde mental, fazendo referência ao processo de mobilização dos trabalhadores, usuários e familiares que viabilizou o desenvolvimento da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira. A análise dos processos de medicalização é desenvolvida a partir de pesquisa documental e de campo, sendo esta caracterizada pelo levantamento de dados presentes nos prontuários dos usuários matriculados no CAPS infantil. A partir do cenário apresentado, realizou-se a identificação de elementos que apontam as respostas do Estado diante das necessidades dos adolescentes e as possibilidades articulação entre políticas sociais com vistas ao enfrentamento de violações aos Direitos Humanos
Goelzer, Êrika Juchem. "Os estados emocionais frente ao diabetes, a depressão e ao transtorno de conduta: um estudo comparativo através do teste dos contos de fadas." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4798.
Full textBoth clinical and psychic suffering in ill chronically children may entail some difficulties when facing some childhood typical situations. Once these emotional states may affect its own way of facing and prognostic, a wide understanding of this process enables the development of clinical strategic actions with goals such as prevention and intervention. Thus, two sections were written: a theoretical and an empirical one. The theoretical section named “Suffering in childhood: reflections about diabetes, the depression and the risk behavior”. The goal of this section was to reckon about the child suffering considering illness in its organic and psychic aspects. In order to reach this goal, from psychoanalytical theory was explored the psychic constitution, the childhood importance, the understanding of the traumatic configuration en situations of child illness and the demand of psychic coping which comes from these conditions of suffering. The empirical section was named “Evaluation of the emotional states in children with diabetes, depression and risk behavior using the Fairy Tale Test”. It is a quantitative and transversal study and its goal is to identify and to compare the presence of contents related to the Emotional States among the clinical-psychiatric group ( diagnostic of depression and the diagnostic of risk behavior), medical-clinical ( diagnostic of mellitus diabetes) and non-clinical (pairing) based on answers obtained in the Fairy Tale Test. The sample consisted of 60 children, located for convenience, female and male gender, aged between 6 and 11 years old. The clinical sample were located from a patient population ( aged between 6 and 11 years old) with a diagnostic already made, admitted in Health Facilities in Porto Alegre. The characteristics presented through the components of the clinical groups originated the characteristics for the organization of the non-clinical group, regarding age and sex. In order to exclude cases of severe intellectual impairment was administrated, in an individual way, the Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test – Especial Scale. Moreover in the clinical sample, it was used the CBCL, i. e. Child Behavior Checklist. The analysis of the verbalizations from these children for each one of the twenty-one drawings which compose the TCF was performed based on the variable named Emotional States ( Aggression fear, Anxiety and Depression) which belong to the Categorization of Answers System of the instrument. Posteriorly in order to compare between groups, it was used inferential statistics (Fisher’s exact Test). The results demonstrate significant differences in the variables Anxiety/Illness for the group of diabetes (p = 0,006) and depression (p = 0,031). The group of diabetes presented yet significant difference in the variable Anxiety/punishment (p = 0,031). The group of depression presented significant differences in two other variables: Anxiety/Rejection (p = 0,035) and Anxiety/Deprivation (p = 0,010). The group of risk presented results significantly different to the categories of Anxiety/Loss (p = 0,015) and Anxiety/Self-image (p = 0,002). The results allowed identifying some evidence concerning the childhood emotional states. These identified evidences shows that childhood emotional states are affected in a singular way for each suffering, as well as the TCF is presented as being a test of effective value to evaluate children in a physical or psychic chronic suffering.
O padecimento, clínico ou psíquico, em crianças cronicamente doentes, pode ocasionar dificuldades no enfrentamento de situações típicas da infância. Uma vez que os estados emocionais podem afetar sua forma de enfrentamento e prognóstico, uma compreensão abrangente deste processo possibilita o desenvolvimento de ações e estratégias clínicas com objetivo de prevenção e intervenção. Os testes psicológicos configuram-se como ferramentas eficazes de acesso à dinâmica intrapsíquica. Dentre as técnicas projetivas, aqueles que utilizam histórias infantis ou contos de fadas são especialmente eficazes, na medida em que possibilitam a projeção de conteúdos e conflitos inerentes ao sujeito. Para tanto, foram elaboradas nesta Dissertação duas seções de estudo: uma teórica e uma empírica. A seção teórica teve como objetivo uma reflexão sobre as situações de padecimento infantil abordando o adoecimento tanto em seus aspectos orgânicos quanto psíquicos. Para alcançar esse objetivo, buscou-se explorar situações de adoecimento infantil como diabete, depressão e transtorno de conduta, enfatizando-se a demanda de enfrentamento psíquico que advêm destas condições de padecimento.A seção empírica apresenta um estudo quantitativo e transversal, com o objetivo de identificar e comparar a presença de conteúdos relativos aos Estados Emocionais entre os grupos clínico-psiquiátrico (diagnóstico de transtorno depressivo e diagnóstico de transtorno de conduta), médico-clínico (diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus) e não clínico (pareamento) com base nas respostas obtidas no Teste dos Contos de Fadas (TCF). A amostra constitui-se de 60 crianças, localizadas por conveniência, do sexo feminino e do sexo masculino, com idades entre 6 e 11 anos. As amostras clínicas foram localizadas a partir de uma população de pacientes (com idades entre 6 e 11 anos) com diagnóstico já formulado, admitidos em instituições de saúde da cidade de Porto Alegre. As características apresentadas pelos componentes dos grupos clínicos deram origem às características para a organização do grupo não clínico quanto à idade e sexo. Para excluir casos de comprometimento intelectual foi administrado, de forma individual, o Teste Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven - Escala Especial. Ainda, para as amostras clínicas, foi utilizado o CBCL, Inventário de Comportamento da Infância e Adolescência. A análise das verbalizações das crianças para cada um dos 21 desenhos que compõe o TCF foi realizada com base na variável Estados Emocionais (Medo de Agressão, Ansiedade e Depressão) do Sistema de Categorização de Respostas do próprio instrumento. Posteriormente para a comparação entre grupos foi utilizada estatística inferencial (Teste Exato de Fisher).Na comparação dos grupos clínicos com seu respectivo pareamento, os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas nas variáveis Ansiedade/Doença para os grupos de diabetes x pareamento (p = 0,006) e depressão x pareamento (p = 0,031). Na relação da diabetes x pareamento apresentou, ainda, diferença significativa na variável Ansiedade/Castigo (p = 0,031). O grupo da depressão apresentou diferenças significativas de seu grupo de pareamento em outras duas variáveis: Ansiedade/Rejeição (p = 0,035) e Ansiedade/Privação (p = 0,010). O grupo da conduta apresentou resultados significativamente diferentes do grupo de pareamento para as categorias de Ansiedade/Perda (p = 0,015) e Ansiedade/Auto-Imagem (p = 0,002). Os resultados permitem identificar indícios de que os estados emocionais infantis são afetados de forma singular por cada padecimento, bem como o TCF se mostra um teste de efetivo valor para avaliar crianças em sofrimento crônico físico ou psíquico.
Adams, Aline. "Entre a loucura e o desvio : adolescentes em conflito com a lei acometidos de transtorno psic?tico e de conduta no cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de interna??o." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4825.
Full textEsta disserta??o, do curso de mestrado em Ci?ncias Criminais, ?rea de concentra??o Sistema Penal e Viol?ncia, linha de pesquisa Criminologia e Controle Social, trata do cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de interna??o por adolescentes em conflito com a lei que possuem diagn?stico de transtorno de conduta ou psic?tico. As hip?teses de pesquisa versavam acerca de que se existem diferen?as substanciais entre os adolescentes infratores acometidos de transtorno psic?tico e transtorno de conduta, e se o tratamento fornecido pela FASE ? o mesmo; e se a incid?ncia de adolescentes acometidos de sofrimento ps?quico, em especial os j? referidos ? significativa, mas tem sido tratada como se n?o existisse pelos operadores jur?dicos e por parte da administra??o da Funda??o de Atendimento S?cio-Educativo. Os objetivos foram averiguar a legisla??o brasileira quanto ? capacidade para cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de adolescentes com diagn?stico de transtorno psic?tico e transtorno de conduta; al?m de avaliar faticamente a exist?ncia de adolescentes incapazes de cumprimento de medidas socioeducativa e as condi??es da Funda??o de Atendimento S?cio-Educativo (FASE-RS) para o tratamento ps?quico e jur?dico desses jovens. Para tanto, utilizou-se a abordagem Dial?tico-Cr?tica, atrav?s da metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa. Analisaram-se dez prontu?rios arquivados de adolescentes que cumpriram medida de interna??o na FASE/RS, sendo que tr?s eram de adolescentes com sintomas psic?ticos e sete de adolescentes com diagn?stico de transtorno de conduta. Da aprecia??o dos achados, concluiu-se que o transtorno psic?tico e o de conduta possuem diferen?as n?o s? nos seus sintomas, como tamb?m nas possibilidades de tratamento. Contudo, no interior da FASE n?o se pode dizer que h? diferen?as no cuidado desses tipos diferentes de adolescentes. J? a segunda hip?tese foi confirmada em sua primeira parte, mas afastada na sua segunda. Pode-se dizer que a parcela de adolescentes que apresenta os diagn?sticos/sintomas pesquisados ? relevante, principalmente no que diz respeito ao transtorno de conduta. Entretanto, parece ser uma preocupa??o crescente da FASE com o manejo desses jovens, sendo que tais descri??es apareceram n?o s? nos laudos efetuados pela institui??o como tamb?m nas audi?ncias de avalia??o de medida.
Castellana, Gustavo Bonini. "Comparação de traços psicopáticos entre jovens infratores e não-infratores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-27082014-104205/.
Full textIntroduction: The perpetration of infractional acts and display of antisocial behavior among young people may be associated with constitutional (primary) or environmental psychopathic traits (secondary) present in their development. Antisocial behavior is also associated with impaired autonomic response to emotionally charged stimuli. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in primary and secondary psychopathic traits among young offenders and youngsters with similar socioeconomic status in a community. Another objective was to compare the patterns of autonomic response to pleasant, unpleasant and neutral visual stimuli between groups. Method: The Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) scale was used to identify whether male young offenders, who were detained at the units of Fundação Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo ao Adolescente (CASA) at São Paulo, exhibited total score differences, and specifically for factor 1 or factor 2 of this scale, when compared with other young people in similar socioeconomic conditions from the community. To this end, young people who met the criteria for mental disorders or mental retardation were excluded, ased on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS- III), respectively. The comparison also excluded those who presented scores consistent with the criteria for psychopathy in Brazil (equal to or greater than 23 points on the PCL-R). The autonomic response was evaluated by means of latency, amplitude and lability of electrodermal activity (EDA) when presented with pleasant, unpleasant and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Results: 39 offenders and 31 nonoffenders were compared in relation to psychopathic traits. The groups presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in PCL-R score averages, being 13.4 the average score in the group of offenders and 2.1 in the non-offender group. Significant differences between the groups were also detected when factor 1 (p < 0.01) and factor 2 (p < 0.01) PCL-R score averages were analyzed separately. Although the groups presented statistically significant difference in educational level, the ANCOVA used to compare the PCL-R scores averages between the groups, controlling for educational level, showed that the difference in PCL-R scores remained statistically significant (p < 0,01). In the comparison of autonomic response, it was possible to include 33 offenders with the same 31 from the control group. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in EDA amplitudes were also found, and the group of offenders showed greater autonomic activation to pleasant stimuli, but less autonomic activation to unpleasant stimuli. Conclusions: in this sample, both the presence of primary psychopathic traits (due to inherited characteristics) and secondary psychopathic traits (due to environmental factors) was greater among young offenders. However, the proportion of each of these factors was the same between groups, with predominance of secondary traits in both groups. Therefore, one cannot specifically attribute juvenile delinquency in this sample to any factor - constitutional or environmental - although the environmental factors contributed more significantly to psychopathic traits in the sample as a whole. Patterns of autonomic activation among offenders indicate that the emotional responses of these young people when presented with pleasant and unpleasant stimuli in the environment are different from the other youngsters of the community, indicating particular features in the emotional response of young offenders. These results suggest that addressing juvenile delinquency requires far-reaching interventions, not solely restricted to socieconomic factors
Okubo, Paula de Carvalho Macedo Issa. "Detecção de disfagia na fase aguda do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico. Proposição de conduta baseada na caracterização dos fatores de risco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17140/tde-11092008-145314/.
Full textOropharyngeal Dysphagia is a common manifestation presented in the acute phase of cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The aspiration resulting from the difficulties of deglutition is a symptom that should be considered due to the frequent occurrence of aspirative pneumonia that could influence the patient\'s recovery, causing complications to the general clinical and even the risk of death. The early clinical characterization of deglutition alterations can help to specify the proper behavior and to avoid the prescription of a diet that could offer the patients risks. The present study had as objective to propose the most secure feeding for the patient in the acute phase of the ischemic cerebrovascular accident (ICVA) with the aim to minimize complications, using the CVA scale proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIHSS) and considering some risk factors of dysphagia in the practice presented by these patients, with the creation of an algorithm. Thus, 50 inpatients were evaluated at the Unidade de Emergência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo with clinically confirmed ICVA diagnosis by a neurologist, within, at most, 48 hours from the onset of the symptoms and the evaluation. The patients were assessed randomly as long as, in which 25 were women and 25 were men, and 64,90 years old were the average ages (variation from 26 to 91 years old). An anamnesis was carried out before the patient\'s participation in the study, so that the previously absence of the history of deglutition difficulties was ensured. The clinical phonoaudiological assessment was carried out on bed side through a protocol constituted by patients identification data, symptoms onset date, admission date in the hospital, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and NIHSS score obtained in the initial neurological evaluation and in the evaluation\'s day, risk factors for CVA, clinical findings obtained from the patient\'s neurological evaluation, result of the screenings (computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging). The second part was designed to the NIHSS scale and, the third part was constituted by the clinical deglutition evaluation, subdivided in structural and functional. For the functional deglutition evaluation the pasty, liquid and solid feeding consistencies were used (when possible, depending on the conditions presented by the patient). The volume of the offer also depended on the presented possibilities: those patients who did not present clinical conditions for the evaluation, such as the ones who were with orotraqueal intubation, deep sleep state or coma; it was counter-indicated. After the clinical evaluation, with the structural and functional data obtained, it was concluded whether the clinical deglutition evaluation was normal or altered. Since then, it was concluded the possibility of a diet prescription. For the statistical analysis the Fisher exact test was used to verify the association between variables. To evaluate if the NIHSS score would characterize a risk factor indicator for dysphagia, the curve ROC was built aiming to obtain characteristics related to the sensitivity and specificity of the scale for this purpose. The study allowed us to conclude that dysphagia is a frequent manifestation in the acute phase of ICVA, present in 32% of the analyzed patients. The clinical deglutition evaluation is a reliable method of difficulties deglutition detection. However, the predicting risk factors for the function should be balanced and the severity of the clinical picture, the consciousness level and the presence of preexistent comorbidities should be considered. The systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) demonstrated to be the main risk factor for the CVA presented by 72% of the patients, followed by tabagism (36%), alcoholism (20%) e diabetes mellitus (20%). Gender and damaged cerebral hemisphere did not have a statistically significant association to the presence of dysphagia. Age, NIHSS, GCS, speaking and language alterations and lesion topography are predicting factors of dysphagia presenting statistically significant differences. Patients with lesions in the carotid territory presented more prevalence regards the presence of dysphagia (58,88%). NIHSS presents high sensitivity (88%) and specificity (85%) to the detection of dysphagia considering 12 as the cutoff value for its existence. The creation of an algorithm to detect dysphagia in the acute phase of ICVA will be able to help the definition of the proper behavior regards the prescription of a diet while a specialized speech pathological evaluation is awaited.
Goelzer, ?rika Juchem. "Os estados emocionais frente ao diabetes, a depress?o e ao transtorno de conduta : um estudo comparativo atrav?s do teste dos contos de fadas." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/748.
Full textO padecimento, cl?nico ou ps?quico, em crian?as cronicamente doentes, pode ocasionar dificuldades no enfrentamento de situa??es t?picas da inf?ncia. Uma vez que os estados emocionais podem afetar sua forma de enfrentamento e progn?stico, uma compreens?o abrangente deste processo possibilita o desenvolvimento de a??es e estrat?gias cl?nicas com objetivo de preven??o e interven??o. Os testes psicol?gicos configuram-se como ferramentas eficazes de acesso ? din?mica intraps?quica. Dentre as t?cnicas projetivas, aqueles que utilizam hist?rias infantis ou contos de fadas s?o especialmente eficazes, na medida em que possibilitam a proje??o de conte?dos e conflitos inerentes ao sujeito. Para tanto, foram elaboradas nesta Disserta??o duas se??es de estudo: uma te?rica e uma emp?rica. A se??o te?rica teve como objetivo uma reflex?o sobre as situa??es de padecimento infantil abordando o adoecimento tanto em seus aspectos org?nicos quanto ps?quicos. Para alcan?ar esse objetivo, buscou-se explorar situa??es de adoecimento infantil como diabete, depress?o e transtorno de conduta, enfatizando-se a demanda de enfrentamento ps?quico que adv?m destas condi??es de padecimento. A se??o emp?rica apresenta um estudo quantitativo e transversal, com o objetivo de identificar e comparar a presen?a de conte?dos relativos aos Estados Emocionais entre os grupos cl?nico-psiqui?trico (diagn?stico de transtorno depressivo e diagn?stico de transtorno de conduta), m?dico-cl?nico (diagn?stico de diabetes mellitus) e n?o cl?nico (pareamento) com base nas respostas obtidas no Teste dos Contos de Fadas (TCF). A amostra constitui-se de 60 crian?as, localizadas por conveni?ncia, do sexo feminino e do sexo masculino, com idades entre 6 e 11 anos. As amostras cl?nicas foram localizadas a partir de uma popula??o de pacientes (com idades entre 6 e 11 anos) com diagn?stico j? formulado, admitidos em institui??es de sa?de da cidade de Porto Alegre. As caracter?sticas apresentadas pelos componentes dos grupos cl?nicos deram origem ?s caracter?sticas para a organiza??o do grupo n?o cl?nico quanto ? idade e sexo. Para excluir casos de comprometimento intelectual foi administrado, de forma individual, o Teste Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven - Escala Especial. Ainda, para as amostras cl?nicas, foi utilizado o CBCL, Invent?rio de Comportamento da Inf?ncia e Adolesc?ncia. A an?lise das verbaliza??es das crian?as para cada um dos 21 desenhos que comp?e o TCF foi realizada com base na vari?vel Estados Emocionais (Medo de Agress?o, Ansiedade e Depress?o) do Sistema de Categoriza??o de Respostas do pr?prio instrumento. Posteriormente para a compara??o entre grupos foi utilizada estat?stica inferencial (Teste Exato de Fisher). Na compara??o dos grupos cl?nicos com seu respectivo pareamento, os resultados demonstraram diferen?as significativas nas vari?veis Ansiedade/Doen?a para os grupos de diabetes x pareamento (p = 0,006) e depress?o x pareamento (p = 0,031). Na rela??o da diabetes x pareamento apresentou, ainda, diferen?a significativa na vari?vel Ansiedade/Castigo (p = 0,031). O grupo da depress?o apresentou diferen?as significativas de seu grupo de pareamento em outras duas vari?veis: Ansiedade/Rejei??o (p = 0,035) e Ansiedade/Priva??o (p = 0,010). O grupo da conduta apresentou resultados significativamente diferentes do grupo de pareamento para as categorias de Ansiedade/Perda (p = 0,015) e Ansiedade/Auto-Imagem (p = 0,002). Os resultados permitem identificar ind?cios de que os estados emocionais infantis s?o afetados de forma singular por cada padecimento, bem como o TCF se mostra um teste de efetivo valor para avaliar crian?as em sofrimento cr?nico f?sico ou ps?quico
Morihisa, Rogério Shigueo. "Estudo de comorbidades psiquiátricas entre adolescentes com transtornos por uso de substâncias psicoativas atendidos em um hospital universitário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-08012007-151912/.
Full textMany studies demonstrate relationship among substance misuse in adolescents and symptoms of low self-esteem, depression, antisocial behavior, rebelliousness, aggressiveness, crime, delinquency, school evasion and low school income. In adolescents, substance use disorders frequently co-occur with other psychiatric disorders, with conduct disorders and inlifetimel, conduct disorders ? three or more lifetime symptoms of conduct disorders ? the most prevalent co morbidities associated with substance use disorders. The objective of this study to describe the characteristics of adolescents substance abusers in treatment considering the pattern of drug abuse, consequences of this use, prevalence of psychiatric co morbidities, as well as analyzing lifetime conduct disorder by gender, age at the first drug use, and types of drugs used. One hundred eight seven adolescents had been evaluated. The following variables were accessed: age at the first drug use and they looked for treatment, with whom they first used drugs, drugs ever consumed, illegal behaviors, court problems, scholar delay, co-morbidities and lifetime conduct disorder. Male were more prevalent than female (76.5% and 23.5%, respectively). The mean age at the admission to the program was 15,4 ± 1,4 the mean age at the first time they used illegal drug was 13,7 ± 1,7 years. The first illicit drug consumed was marijuana. Approximately 59% of them had a lifetime history of robbery, 38.6% of the adolescents had a lifetime history of detention and 32.3% had a lifetime prevalence of drug traffic. In addition, 39.0% was diagnosed with multiple substance use disorder, 24.1% had comorbidy depression and 9.6% had comorbidy conduct disorder. Considering the diagnoses of lifetime conduct disorder, the prevalence of conduct disorders increases for 65,2% (confidence interval: 58,4% - 72,0%, with confidence coefficient of 95%), with boys presenting upper tax than girls. The mean age of first drug use among adolescents, as well as the types drugs abused weren?t statistically different of the mean age of the total sample. In general, first tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine use preceded the first robbery episode, first drug traffic episode and the first detention. These data suggest the necessity of carefully neuropsychiatric evaluation before considering young with conduct disorder, therefore the symptoms of this disorder can be found in many psychiatric syndromes.
Olympio, Kelly Polido Kaneshiro. "Exposição a chumbo e comportamento anti-social em adolescentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-02032009-111851/.
Full textIntroduction - Lead poisoning is a long known public health problem. Thus, lead exposure may cause damage to diverse organs, especially in the Central Nervous System of children in developing process. Objectives- a) to analyze the association between lead exposure and antisocial / delinquent behavior; b) to study the potential sources of lead home exposure more associated to high dental enamel lead levels (DELL) and c) to evaluate two distinct enamel biopsy protocols in relation to biopsy depth and DELL. Methods- A cross-sectional study was conducted with 173 adolescents (Bauru, SP, Brazil). Surface dental enamel (SDE) etch-acid microbiopsies were performed in upper central incisors of these youths by two different methodological protocols. In addition, questionnaires about adolescents behavior and about possible sources of lead contamination were responded by youths and their parents. Logistic regression, Wilcoxon and paired t tests were applied to data. Results- Odd ratios adjusted for familial and social covariates indicated that high DELL is associated with increased risk of exceeding the clinical score for somatic complaints, social problems, rulebreaking behavior (T70) and externalizing problems (T63) (CI 95%). High DELL was not found to be associated with elevated SRD scores. The risk factors associated to high DELL were residing in contaminated area or close proximity and working in paints, pigments, ceramic or batteries manufacturing. The biopsy depth, calculated by the cylinder formula, for Protocol II induced misleading results, as confirmed by profilometry tests. Conclusions- It seems that exposure to high lead levels can indeed trigger antisocial behavior, which claims for public policies to prevent lead poisoning. Adolescents were exposed to lead, by some studied sources, in Brazil. SDE, measured by etch-acid microbiopsy, is a reliable biomarker, but DELL could not be compared when there is some methodological variation among the studies. A standardization of the procedure is necessary.
March, Fuentes Judit. "Emoción expresada en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286190.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the level of expressed emotion in parents of patients with an eating disorder, considerating the differences in terms of personal and clinical characteristics, course of illness and subtypes of eating disorders. A secondary aim was to examine the interaction between the level of expressed emotion and other variables: levels of psychopathology (anxiety and depression), the impact of eating disorder symptoms on family members, familiar functioning and eating disorder symptomatology in patients. Fifty parents of patients with an eating disorder and thirty four patients participed. The 44% of parents were men and 56% women, aged between 36 and 54 years old. The questionnaires used to assess expressed emotion were the Spanish version of the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) and a version of the Family Questionnaire (FQ). The questionnaires used to assess the other variables was the Spanish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), the Eating Disorders Symptom Impact (EDSIS), the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES-III). The 50% of parents presents high levels of expressed emotion. The results showed statistically significant differences in expressed emotion in relation to the subtype of eating disorder, the age of the patients and illness duration, parental psychopathology and the impact of eating disorder symptoms on family members. The caregivers with higher EE had more anxiety, depression and a higher impact of eating disorder symptoms on family members than caregivers with lower EE.
Mercader, Bigas Josep Maria. "Mecanismes moleculars en el transtorn de la conducta alimentària: estudis en humans i en model murins." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7122.
Full textEating disorders (ED) are complex disorders were environmental, sociocultural and genetic factors are involved. We have improved the knowledge of the genetic basis of ED through studies involving ED patients and murine models. Altered BDNF blood levels have been linked to ED and its related psychopathological traits. In addition several polymorphisms in the BDNF gene have been associated to bulimia nervosa and BDNF plasma levels. A family based association study has shown a strong association of NTRK3 variants to ED which show epistasis with NGF. The generation of an overexpression mouse model for BDNF confirms its role in body weight regulation and establishes a possible link between BDNF and the pathophysiology of tremors. The characterization of the anx/anx mouse model suggests that it may be a good model for the cachexia syndrome that accompanies certain chronic or inflammatory diseases such as cancer, AIDS or autoimmune diseases.
Bittencourt, Simone Armentano. "Motivação para a mudança: adaptação e validação da escala URICA (University of Rhode Island Change Assessment) para o comportamento de comer compulsivo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4779.
Full textThis research aims to study the psychometric properties of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) for the behavior of Compulsive Eating. The specific objectives were: make a semantic adaptation of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) to use the scale on the behavior of Compulsive Eating; verify the reliability and validity of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) for the conduct of Compulsive Eating. The sample consisted of 175 subjects who had the behavior of Compulsive Eating, that were in treatment group or individual with this focus. The age group between 18 and 65 years old and required minimum schooling was 5th grade of elementary school. It was excluded from the sample subjects who did not understand the sentences of the instrument. The instruments used were structured interview created for this study, to collect sociodemographic data and history of feeding behavior, Ruler of Readiness, SOCRATES Scale, URICA Scale (these three instruments to evaluate the motivational stages and readiness to change), ECAP (scale which measures the severity of eating compulsion), BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory), BDI ( Beck Depression Inventory) and BITE (Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh). The sample was composed for 175 subjects, 164 women (93,7%), and 11 men (6,3%), the average age of subjects was 41. 05 (SD=13,10). All participants were from the cities of Greater Porto Alegre, 134 subjects were collected at care group places and 41 were in individual treatment. The average age of initiation of weight gain was 22,8 years old, SD=12,2. The average age that the beginning of Compulsive Eating was close to 21,9 years old, SD=9,4. The average age of the first weight treatment was 24,4 years old, SD=11,5.The reliability found, based on Cronbach’s coefficient, to URICA (Brazilian adaptation to the behavior of Compulsive Eating, 24 items version) was T = 0,80 and in the subscales for the pre-contemplation was T = 0,53, contemplation T = 0,73, action T = 0,90 and maintaining T = 0,81.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar as propriedades psicométricas da University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) para o comportamento de comer compulsivo. Os objetivos específicos foram: realizar uma adaptação semântica da University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) para a utilização da escala no comportamento de Comer Compulsivo; verificar a fidedignidade e a validade da University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) para o comportamento de comer compulsivo. A amostra deste estudo foi constituída por 175 sujeitos que apresentavam tal comportamento e que estivessem em tratamento grupal ou individual com este foco. A faixa etária esteve entre 18 e 65 anos e a escolaridade mínima exigida foi de quinta série do Ensino Fundamental. Foram excluídos da amostra sujeitos que não compreenderam as sentenças dos instrumentos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: entrevista estruturada criada para este estudo, para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e da história do comportamento alimentar; régua de prontidão, Escala SOCRATES e Escala URICA (estes três instrumentos avaliando estágio para motivação de mudança); ECAP (escala que mede a gravidade da compulsão alimentar); BAI (Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck); BDI (Inventário de Depressão de Beck); e BITE (Teste de Investigação Bulímica de Edimburgo). Entre os 175 sujeitos da amostra, havia 164 mulheres (93,7%) e 11 homens (6,3%), com idade média de 41,05 anos (SD = 13,10). Todos os participantes eram provenientes de cidades da Grande Porto Alegre, 134 sujeitos foram coletados em locais de atendimento grupal e 41 estavam em atendimento individual. A idade média do início do aumento de peso foi de 22,8 anos, e o SD=12,2. A idade média referida do início do comer compulsivo foi próxima a 21,9 anos, e o SD=9,4. A idade média do primeiro tratamento de peso foi de 24,4 anos, e o SD=11,5.A fidedignidade encontrada, baseada no coeficiente de Cronbach, para a URICA (adaptação brasileira para o comportamento de comer compulsivo, na escala de 24 itens), foi de T =0,80. Nas subescalas, a pré-contemplação foi T = 0,53, a contemplação foi T = 0,73, a ação foi T = 0,90 e a manutenção foi T = 0,81.
Arrufat, Nebot Francisco Javier. "Estudio de prevalencia de transtornos de la conducta alimentaria en la población adolescente de la comarca de Osona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2704.
Full textParticiparon 20 centros escolares públicos y concertados de la comarca. Se administró un cuestionario a 2280 adolescentes varones y mujeres de 14 a 16 años.
El 16% de las mujeres y el 2% de los varones encuestados presentaban una situación de riesgo de padecer un trastorno alimentario, detectada por los tests administrados. Además, el 32,5% de las mujeres y 7,1% de varones estaban insatisfechos con su imagen corporal.
La prevalencia global de TCA fue del 1,9%. Si diferenciamos por sexos encontramos: a) mujeres, prevalencia total 3,49%, anorexia nerviosa 0,35%, bulimia nerviosa 0,44% y TCANE 2,7%; b) varones, prevalencia total 0,27%, anorexia nerviosa 0,0%, bulimia 0,09; TCANE 0,18%. Las mujeres tenían 13,6 veces más posibilidades de padecer trastorno alimentario que los varones.
Al analizar los factores de riesgo de trastorno alimentario se observó que en las mujeres estos eran la edad (a mayor edad mayor riesgo), el vivir en un municipio rural, ser fumadora, tener la primera menstruación de forma temprana (antes de los 12 años), no vivir con la madre y comer sola. En los varones el único factor asociado fue el comer solo.
Un 20% de los adolescentes afirmaron ser fumadores. La edad media de inicio del consumo de tabaco era de 12 años en los varones y 13 en las mujeres.
Otros hallazgos de interés fueron: a) la detección de una frecuencia elevada de trastornos depresivos en adolescentes varones y mujeres que tenian insatisfacción con su imagen corporal y conductas de riesgo de trastorno alimentario, b) la asociación entre ideas de suicidio y la presencia de un trastorno alimentario o depresivo.
A study to know the prevalence of eating disorders was done in the region of Osona, Barcelona, Spain in 2003. This work was supported by Agència d'Avaluació de Tecnologia i recerca Mèdiques (AATRM).
The study sample consisted of the students from the 20 secondary schools. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 2280 adolescents from 12 to 16 years old (community sample).
16% women and 2% men were at risk of suffering from eating disorders. 32% girls and 7% boys was unsatisfied with their body shape.
The adolescents at risk of eating disorder and their parents were interviewed by a psychologist. The prevalence of eating disorders was 1,9%. In women: total 3.5%, anorexia nervosa 0.35%, bulimia 0.45%, eating disorder not otherwise specified 2.7%. In men: total 0.27%, anorexia nervosa 0.0%, bulimia nervosa 0.09% and eating disorder not otherwise specified 0.18%.
Factors significantly associated with risk of eating disorder in women were age, rural town, smoking, early menstruation, not living with the mother and eating alone.
KEY WORDS: adolescents, eating disorders, prevalence, risk factors.
Magallón, Neri Ernesto Mijail. "Personalidad y afrontamiento en adolescentes con patología psiquiátrica: estudio en pacientes con trastornos del comportamiento alimentario y consumidores de drogas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83501.
Full textIn the literature there is a broad description of the consequences of the impact of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence, but there is relatively little information on the association between personality pathology and both Axis I clinical disorders and use of coping strategies in adolescence. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a better knowledge of the personality pathology in patients with mental disorders, taking into account its impact at both individual and healthcare levels. This thesis is configured through seven studies (which focus of study is the identification of personality pathology in adolescence) and four specific issues around personality pathology (mental health use services, relationship with eating disorders, relationship with substance use, and coping). The results of this collection of studies suggest that personality disorders in adolescence, although controversial in terms of detection, diagnosis and treatment, are common in individuals with mental health problems at an early age. A better understanding of their developmental effects allows us to better identify people at risk, predicting the course of developing proper therapeutic interventions, reducing the negative impact on healthcare services, and the clinical risk behaviours associated.
Baptista, Marta Gonçalves Gimenez. "Interdisciplinaridade no processo de diagnóstico e conduta em crianças com distúrbios de linguagem." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12040.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Child development disorders summon people from different fields of knowledge to reflect on their roles. Within this context, the practice of speech therapy causes continuous reflections based on the singularity of treated cases and their riddles. As a path, the possibility of a dialogue with other areas can respond to important concerns along the career of a professional inSpeech-language Therapy. The experience with children and clinical intervention issues demand from professionals to refer to other disciplines of knowledge as a means to proceed with the interlocution process and understanding of patients as well their clinical condition. The process purpose is to think about the direction of treatment. Objective: This study aims to find evidence of an interdisciplinary practice, focusing on diagnosis and treatment, from case records of children and adolescents with language disorders, shared by phoniatrics and speech-language therapy clinics. Method: This research conducted a descriptive analysis based on Prof. Dr. Mauro Spinelli s clinical collection, whose database included records of children and adolescents attended by him and by the researcher, between the years 1990-2005. The collection is stored in the Interdisciplinary Clinical Unit Professor Dr. Mauro Spinelli, in São Paulo, where the survey took place. Results: In this study, the male gender was prevalent (64.5%) and the language disorder of multifactorial etiology was the most frequent (44%). The treatment commonly adopted was speech-language therapy. Interdisciplinary work was present at the discussion of diagnosis and treatment, at the data presentation, and at the clinical reflections/interlocutions and diagnostic therapy approach. Conclusion: The perspective of professionals involved in the cases reviewed here was guided by the principles of listening and dialogue/interlocution between clinician and patient, and between clinicians, in a process that brought understanding of the child resources and skills, acknowledging that the patient was a subject in a process of constitution. The professionals involved shared the same notion on the subject/child about whom the interlocution was being carried out. These considerations point out the possibility of diagnostic therapy combined with interdisciplinary approach without separating diagnosis and treatment, since this process is continuous
Os distúrbios do desenvolvimento infantil convocam profissionais de diferentes campos de conhecimento a refletirem sobre seus papéis. Neste contexto, o exercício da clínica fonoaudiológica provoca continuas reflexões a partir da singularidade dos casos atendidos e seus enigmas. Como caminho, a possibilidade de diálogo com outras áreas pode responder a algumas inquietações durante o percurso profissional na Fonoaudiologia. A experiência com crianças e as questões acerca das intervenções clínicas apontam uma demanda para que o profissional recorra a outras áreas de conhecimento como forma de avançar no processo de interlocução e compreensão dos pacientes e de seus quadros clínicos, cuja a finalidade é pensar a direção do tratamento. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo buscar evidências de uma prática interdisciplinar, particularizando diagnóstico e conduta, a partir de registros de casos de crianças e adolescentes com dificuldades na linguagem, compartilhados pelas clínicas foniátrica e fonoaudiológica. Método: Esta pesquisa realizou uma análise descritiva baseada no acervo clínico do Prof. Dr. Mauro Spinelli, cujo banco de dados incluia prontuários de crianças e adolescentes atendidos por ele e pela pesquisadora, entre os anos de 1990 a 2005. O acervo clínico encontra-se guardado na Clínica Interdisciplinar Prof. Dr. Mauro Spinelli, na cidade de São Paulo, onde foi realizada a pesquisa. Resultados: Neste estudo, o gênero masculino foi prevalente (64,5%), e o distúrbio de linguagem de etiologia multifatorial foi o mais frequente (44%). A conduta comumente adotada foi a terapia fonoaudiológica e o trabalho interdisciplinar esteve presente na discussão sobre diagnóstico e conduta, na apresentação dos dados, nas reflexões/interlocuções clínicas e na abordagem de terapia diagnóstica. Conclusão: A perspectiva dos profissionais envolvidos nos casos aqui analisados foi norteada pelos princípios da escuta e do diálogo/interlocução entre clínico e paciente, e entre clínicos, num processo em que se foi entendendo os recursos e habilidades da criança, compreendendo tratar-se de um sujeito em constituição. Os profissionais envolvidos compartilhavam da mesma concepção sujeito/criança que ali estava sendo falada. Essas considerações apontam para a possibilidade da terapia diagnóstica aliada a abordagem interdisciplinar, não separando necessariamente diagnóstico e conduta, pois trata-se de processo contínuo
Williams, Anna Virgínia. "Desenvolvimento e avaliação do efeito de um jogo terapêutico para jovens usuários de drogas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7334.
Full textKnackfuss, Ana Claudia Umpierre. "Irritabilidade em adultos : distinção entre comportamento e humor disruptivo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163578.
Full textIrritability is a common symptom in both externalizing and internalizing disorders. It can be defined as a propensity to anger toward peers manifested through irritable mood and/or anger attacks. Although irritable mood and anger attacks often occur simultaneously, it is and empirical question to investigate whether mood and irritable behavior are part of a single construct or if they constitute distinct components. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference of mood and disruptive behavior constructs in adults in a sample of patients with severe mental disorders. Data analysis was performed through confirmatory factor analysis and external validations with clinical instruments. In addition, it was our objective to evaluate the prevalence of the main disruptive syndromes in adults: Intermittent Explosive Disorders (IED), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD). Data collection was performed at the outpatient units of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, totalizing 246 patients (mean age 45 years old, 63% female). Symptoms of disruptive mood and behavior were frequent in the sample, although the DMS 5 diagnosis of disruptive syndromes presented low prevalence (IED, 8%, ODD, 2%, DMDD, 2%). The unidimensional model encompassing mood and behavior factors as a single construct, did not provide a good fit to our data. The models who presented proper fit indexes were the correlated model (with mood and behavior dimensions) and the bifactor model with a general irritability dimension and two specific ones (mood and behavior). Psychometric evaluation has shown that mood symptoms are present in milder cases of irritability, while behavioral symptoms are present in higher levels of irritability. External validators analysis demonstrated that irritable mood even after removing the common component between mood and behavior was specifically associated with impairment and with clinical measures of depression and mania, which did not happen with the behavior component. This study provides support for studying the common and specific components of irritable mood and behavior in adults, being unprecedented evidence of validity for the adult disruptive mood construct.
Salomão, Junior João Batista. "Competência social e transtornos comportamentais em crianças portadoras de asma moderada e grave." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2001. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/154.
Full textObjective Evaluate, social competence and behavior disorders in children with moderate to severe asthma according to parental perception. Casuistics: Sixty-two patients were studied, 36 male and 26 female, ages ranging from 7 to 16 years (MA: 10.94; SD: 2.28), with clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe asthma, without comorbidity, seen at the Pediatric Pneumology Service and the Allergy and Immunology Service at a University Hospital, from March to September, 2000. A control group was simultaneously studied and included 62 patients, 37 male and 25 female, ages ranging from 7 to 16 years (MA: 10.26; SD: 2.37), seen at the Orthopedics and Ophthalmology Outpatient Wards at the same hospital, without symptoms of asthma, respiratory allergy and no chronic diseases. Material and method An Identification Form, a Clinical Data Form and the CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist), a tool to evaluate social competence and behavior disorders, were used. Results Results were evaluated by the proportional tests, Student s t test and ANADEP and ANADEPMU and a significance level of 0.05 was chosen. Patients were classified according to the clinical manifestations of asthma: 42 had moderate asthma and 20 had severe asthma, most of them (93.55%) had been diagnosed since 3 years of age. There was no significant difference in age and gender between the group with asthma and the control group. There was a marked association between overall social competence and asthma (with p=0.000) and between social competence associated to activities (with p=0.001) and school (with p=0.01). There was no difference between children with asthma and the control group for social markers (with p=0.23). There was no correlation between gender and age when evaluating social competence, or overall social competence specific parameters: activities, school and social activities. The evaluation of social competence and type of asthma did not show a correlation. There was a strong association between the presence of behavior disorders and asthma (p=0.005), specially internalizing disorders (p=0.001). There was no association between the externalizing disorders and the disease. Behavior disorders were not associated to gender, age and type of asthma. Conclusions Children with asthma showed alterations in overall social competence and social competence related to activities and school, when compared to the control group. They also showed overall and internalizing disorders, which may be harmful to their development, their quality of life, compliance with the treatment and adequate management of the disease. The integration of biological, psychological and social factors is essential to establish adequate programs for the treatment of children with asthma and their families.
Objetivo - avaliar competência social e transtornos comportamentais em crianças com asma moderada e grave, a partir de percepção dos pais. Causística: foram estudados 62 pacientes, 36 do sexo masculino e 26 do sexo feminino, com idade entre 7 e 16 anos (im:10,94; dp:2,28), com diagnóstico clínico de asma moderada e grave, sem comorbidade, atendidos nos serviços de pneumologia infantil e alergia e imunologia de um hospital escola, no perído de março e setembro de 2000. Um grupo de controle foi estudado no mesmo período, composto de 62 pacientes, 37 do sexo masculino e 25 do sexo feminino, com idade entre 7 e 16 anos (im: 10,26; dp: 2,37), atendidos nos ambulatório de ortopedia e oftalmologia do mesmo hospital, sem qualquer sintomatologia de asma, de alergia respiratória e sem qualquer doença crônica. Material e método - foram utilizados na obtenção dos dados uma ficha de identificação, uma ficha de dados clínicos e um instrumento que avalia competência social e transtornos comportamentais - child behavior checklist (cbcl). Resultados - os resultados foram analisados com testes proporção x (ao quadrado), teste t de student, anadep e anadepmu, adotando-se nível de significância de 0,05. Os pacientes foram classificadossegundo manifestações clínicas da asma: 42 com asma moderada e 20 com asma grave, sendo que 93,55% receberam o diagnóstico da doença antes dos 3 anos de idade. Não houve diferença significante em termos de idade e sexo entre os grupos com asma e controle. Houve associação entre competência social e global e asma (p=0,000) e entre competência social associada a atividades (p=0,001) e escola (p=0,01). Não houve diferença entre crianças com asma e o grupo controle em relação ao aspecto social (p=0,23). Não houve relação entre sexo e idade na análise da competência social, nem quanto à competência social global nem quanto aos aspectos específicos: atividades, escola e social. A análise entre competência social e tipo de asma também não mostrou associação. Houve associação entre presença de transtornos comportamentais e asma (p=0,005), principalmente os transtornos internalizantes (p=0,001). Não houve associação dos externalizantes com a doença. Os transtornos comportamentais não se mostraram associados ao sexo, idade da amostra e tipo de asma. Conclusões - as crianças com asma apresentaram alterações na competência social e global e competência social relacionada a atividades e escola, quando comparadas ao grupo controle. Apresentaram ainda transtornos globais e internalizantes, que podem prejudicar o seu desenvolvimento, sua qualidade de vida, a adesão ao tratamento e o manejo adequado da doença. A integração dos aspectos biológicos, psicológicos e sociais é imprescindível para o delineamento de programas adequados de atendimento à criança portadora de asma e a seus familiares.
Ramos, Ferraz Liliana. "Study of impulsivity dimension in Borderline Personality Disorder: The influence of impulsiveness, impulsivity-related traits and childhood sexual abuse to suicidal behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284481.
Full textThe present work is a doctoral dissertation concerning two cross-sectional studies examining a series of severity-related variables in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). In the first study, the aim was to address the multidimensional nature of impulsivity in BPD subjects, using different self-report measures of impulsivity and impulsivity-related traits together with a laboratorial behavioural measure. In the second work, we intended to clarify the role of these personality traits as well as the impact of sexual abuse during childhood in relation to suicidal behaviour in BPD patients. In the first study, we compared the differences in self-report instruments and the performance in a laboratorial measure of impulsivity between a sample of 39 BPD female subjects and 102 healthy controls. As self-reported measures of impulsivity and impulsivity-related traits, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R) were used. We used a Continuous Performance Test (CPT) as a laboratorial-behavioural measure of response inhibition and behavioural impulsivity. The results in the psychometric instruments revealed that BPD subjects were characterized by higher levels of trait impulsiveness and hostility in several of its domains, and by higher temperament traits of novelty seeking and harm avoidance compared to healthy controls. Concerning the laboratorial-behavioural measure of impulsivity, there were no differences in the performance between BPD and control subjects. In the second study, we examined the relationships between impulsivity and impulsivity-related traits, as well as the presence of childhood sexual abuse in relation to suicidal behaviours in a sample of 76 BPD patients. We first analysed the differences between BPD patients with and without previous suicide attempts concerning personality measurements, childhood sexual abuse and overall disorder severity. In a second set of analyses, we performed different regression analyses to determine the independent contribution of these variables to suicidal behaviours. Suicidal related variables were assessed by means of a structured interview designed to obtain a detailed history of previous suicidal behaviour and childhood sexual abuse was registered using a clinical interview designed for the purpose of the present work. Finally, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) was used to evaluate general symptoms and disorder severity. The results showed that BPD individuals with history of suicidal behaviours were characterized by higher levels of behavioural and attitudinal hostility, also in three of its facets, resentment, suspiciousness and guilt, in comparison to non-attempters BPD patients. In contrast, no differences were found in any other personality variables. In relation to childhood sexual abuse, BPD individuals with previous suicide attempts report significantly higher percentages of sexual abuse during childhood than BPD patients without attempts. Consistently, results from regression analyses indicated that increased hostility and having suffered sexual abuse during childhood predicted the presence, higher number and severity of suicide attempts, suggesting both factors as relevant risk factors for suicidal behaviours in BPD. Taken together, the main results of the present work support impulsivity dimension as a prominent feature in BPD, and suggest that within the construct impulsivity, hostility (more related to impulsive aggression) could be a potential biological risk factor, and childhood sexual abuse as an environmental risk factor for suicidal behaviour in BPD.
García, Reyna Norma Irene. "Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes de ambos sexos con y sin diabetes mellitus tipo 1." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5436.
Full textSUJETOS: Adolescentes de ambos sexos de 12 a 16 años, 98 con DM1 y 575 sin diabetes.
MÉTODOS: Eating Attitudes Test-40 y Eating Disorders Examination. Peso, talla, indíce de masa corporal, hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c), manipulación de insulina como control de peso
RESULTADOS: No se encontraron casos de AN o BN en ninguna de las cuatro poblaciones. Sin embargo fueron observados TCANE en 1 varón con DM1 (1,7%), en 3 varones sin DM1 del grupo control (0,9%), en 2 mujeres con DM1 (5,3%) y en 4 mujeres sin DM1 del grupo control (1,6%). Además, los trastornos subclínicos del comportamiento alimentario fueron observados en 6 pacientes varones con DM1 (10,0%), en 14 sujetos varones del grupo control (4,4%), en 4 pacientes mujeres con DM1 (10,5%) y en 25 mujeres sin DM1 (9,9%). Nuestros datos muestran respectivamente tendencias 1,7 y 3,2 veces superiores en varones y mujeres con DM1 para presentar un TCANE y una tendencia 2,4 veces superior en varones con DM1 para presentar trastornos subclínicos. Ambas tendencias sin significación estadística.
Nueve pacientes con DM1 (9,1%) reportaron manipular dosis de insulina como método de perder peso: 7 incrementando y 2 reduciendo las dosis. En estos pacientes se encontró un trastorno subclínico del comportamiento alimentario en un varón que aumentaba la dosis de insulina. Sin embargo no se observaron casos de TCA clínicos en ninguno de ellos.
Las medias de los valores del IMC en mujeres con DM1 y sin DM1 fueron estadísticamente diferentes (p<0,05) (20,1 (2,6) frente a 21,2 (3,7), respectivamente). En la población masculina con y sin DM1 no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas.
Las medias de los valores de hemoglobina glicosilada expresadas como porcentajes y como desviaciones estandard, fueron significativamente mayores (p<0,05) en los pacientes con DM1 que presentaron algún trastorno clínico o subclínico del comportamiento alimentario (9,7 % (1,5); 5,6 (2,8), respectivamente, n=13) que en los que no lo presentaron (8,4% (1,5); 5,1 (2,7), respectivamente, n=85).
DISCUSIÓN A pesar de no encontrar casos de anorexia o bulimia, si que observamos TCANE y trastornos subclínicos del comportamiento alimentarios, en sujetos con DM1 de ambos sexos, en edades tan jóvenes como las que hemos estudiamos. Estos datos concuerdan con las tendencias observadas en la población general, en la que cada vez son detectados TCA en edades más tempranas.
Nuestros datos sugieren la necesidad de vigilar a los pacientes diabéticos de ambos sexos desde edades tempranas para poder realizar una detección precoz y prevenir los TCA.
Siete pacientes aumentaban y dos disminuían las dosis de insulina como método para perder peso. Estos datos reflejan la preocupación por la imagen corporal ya en edades tempranas. Además indican que en estas edades muchos pacientes que manipulan sus dosis de insulina para perder peso tienen una información errónea sobre el modo en el que la insulina contribuye a controlar el peso1-3, lo que no ocurre en edades posteriores.
Los valores más altos de hemoglobina glicosilada encontrados en los sujetos diabéticos que presentaron algún trastorno clínico o subclínico del comportamiento alimentario revelan peor control metabólico y sugieren que estos pacientes podrían tener mayor riesgo para desarrollar complicaciones micro y macro vasculares en edades posteriores.
Although eating disorders (ED) are common in late adolescent diabetic patients, the occurrence in younger populations, particularly male diabetic patients, is not well documented (1,2). The prevalence was studied in 60 boys and 38 girls (13.78+/-1.05 years; range: 12-16) with diabetes duration 1.5+/-3.35 years, and 321 boys and 254 girls as non-diabetic peers (13.73+/-0.63 years; range: 12-16).
Patients and peer completed the Spanish validated version of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40) (3). The semistructured Eating Disorder Examination interview (EDE) (4) was held for those with an EAT-40 over 30 (13 diabetic patients, 57 non-diabetic peers) and an additional randomly-selected population (24 diabetic patients, 57 non-diabetic peers) with an EAT-40 score under 30. ED were classified as clinical (5) and subthreshold (1). SPSS version 9.0 was used for statistical analysis.
No cases of anorexia or bulimia were found. Eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) were more prevalent in diabetic patients than peers: boys (1.7% vs 0.9%, OR 1.7, CI 95%: 0.2 to 17.6) and girls (5.3% vs 1.6%, OR 3.2, CI 95%: 0.62 to 17.2). Subthreshold ED were more prevalent in male diabetic patients than non-diabetic peers ( 10% vs 4.4%, OR 2.4, CI 95% 0.9 to 6.6), with no differences between female diabetic patients and non-diabetic peers (10.5% vs 9.9%, OR 1.1, CI 95%: 0.4 to 3.2). Male diabetic patients had 2.4 times increased risk for subthreshold ED than non-diabetic peers. No ED were observed in the 24 diabetic patients and 57 non-diabetic peers with EAT-40 scores under 30. Glycated hemoglobin values were higher in diabetic patients with ED (9.8+/-0.42 % and 5.63+/-2.76 SD, n=13) than those without (8.4+/-1.5% and 5.09+/-2.73 SD, n=85); p=0.049.
Although no cases of anorexia or bulimia were found, EDNOS and subthreshold ED were detected in younger diabetic patients of both sexes. The higher glycated hemoglobin levels found in diabetic patients with ED suggest poor metabolic control and increased risk for later vascular complications (6). Further studies including large series of patients are necessary to confirm these preliminary results; however, our data underline the need for careful surveillance in young diabetic patients of both sexes for these incipient ED to be detected promptly and prevented.
Guerrero, Canale Diego. "Adaptación del inventario de transtornos de la conducta alimentaria (EDI-2) en una muestra de adolescentes de 16 a 20 años de Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2008. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/631.
Full textTesis
Grizon, ?ngela. "D?ficits no reconhecimento de faces emocionais em crian?as com tra?os callous-unemotional." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6667.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Background: Callous-unemotional traits include the nuclear affective deficit component which characterizes psychopathy. The presence of conduct problems (CP) with callous-unemotional traits (CA/U) in childhood has been suggested as a predictor of psychopathy in adulthood. Studies that investigated the deficits in emotional processing of psychopathic individuals found impairment in their ability to recognize emotions expressed by the face. In order to identify early traits of this disorder and, in particular, the deficits associated with the affective-emotional component, especially the recognition of facial expressions, studies with samples of children and adolescents have indicated similar results, but still there is no methodological convergence. Considering the data already found, the Study I of this dissertation, presented as a general goal, is to investigate, through the recognition of emotional faces, if there are differences between the processing of emotional faces in children with conduct problems, with or without the presence of callous-unemotional traits, and a control group. Study II aimed to verify that the intelligence quotient (IQ) is a moderator in the deficit of emotional processing in children with callous-unemotional traits. Method: Children between the ages six and eight from schools in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil were evaluated based on the scores from the ICU teachers? version (ICU ? 35) and CP SDQ subscale (? 5). In Study I, 50 children participated and were divided into three groups: 1) 14 children with CA/U+CP+; 2) 6 children with CA/U-CP+; and 4) 30 children without the presence of any pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). In the second study, the 49 children that were included in the sample formed two groups: 1) 22 children with CA/U+; and 2) 27 children with CA/U- based on the ICU teachers scores (? 35 ICU and ICU <24). In both studies children performed a task of facial expression recognition. Results: Study I group CA/U+CP+ revealed deficits in recognizing emotional facial expressions in general (p <0.05), as well as fear expressions, when compared to the control group. In Study II the CA/U+ group revealed that the deficits in recognizing the emotion of fear is not related to estimated IQ scores, but rather is related to the high presence of CA/U traits. Conclusion: The results from this dissertation confirm the poorer performance in recognizing emotional facial expressions in general, as well as deficits in recognizing the emotion of fear, among children with CA/U traits and conduct problems, when compared with the control group. Furthermore, in accordance with our hypothesis, deficits in recognizing the emotion of fear among group CA/U+ children are not explained by estimated IQ scores, but rather by the presence of CA/U+ traits.
Introdu??o: tra?os callous-unemotional (CA/U) constituem o componente afetivo deficit?rio, nuclear que caracteriza a psicopatia. A presen?a de tra?os CA/U e problemas de conduta (PC) na inf?ncia, tem sido apontado como preditor da consolida??o da psicopatia na vida adulta. Pesquisas que avaliaram os d?ficits no processamento emocional de indiv?duos psicopatas, detectaram preju?zos no reconhecimento de emo??es expressas atrav?s da face. Com o prop?sito de identificar precocemente os tra?os desse transtorno e, em especial, dos d?ficits associados ao componente afetivo-emocional, especialmente o reconhecimento de express?es faciais, estudos com amostras de crian?as e adolescentes tem apontado resultados semelhantes, por?m n?o h? um padr?o metodol?gico para a aplica??o de tarefas de reconhecimento de express?es faciais. Portanto, o Estudo I dessa disserta??o, apresentou como objetivo geral investigar diferen?as no processamento emocional de crian?as com PC, com ou sem a presen?a de tra?os CA/U, e grupo-controle. O Estudo II teve como objetivo verificar se o quociente de intelig?ncia ? um moderador no processamento de faces emocionais em crian?as com tra?os CA/U+. M?todo: Crian?as com idades entre seis e oito anos de escolas da cidade de Porto Alegre ? Brasil foram avaliadas com base nos escores do ICU (ICU ? 35) e da sub-escala PC do SDQ (? 5), atrav?s dos professores. No estudo I participaram 50 crian?as divididas em tr?s grupos: 1) 14 crian?as com CA/U+PC+; 2) 6 crian?as com CA/U-PC+; e 4) 30 crian?as com baixa ou nenhuma pontua??o na sub-escala CP do SDQ (? 3) e nos escores totais do ICU (? 24) e sem suspeita de presen?a de nenhum transtorno invasivo do desenvolvimento (TID). No segundo estudo, as 49 crian?as que compuseram a amostra formaram dois grupos: 1) 22 crian?as com CA/U+ (ICU (ICU ? 35); e 2) 37 crian?as com CA/U- (ICU< 24). Em ambos os estudos as crian?as realizaram uma tarefa de reconhecimento de express?es faciais. Resultados: No Estudo I o grupo CA/U+PC+, apresentou d?ficits na acur?cia das emo??es em geral (p<0,05) e na emo??o de medo (p<0,05), quando comparado ao grupos-controle. No Estudo II o grupo CA/U+ mostrou d?ficits no reconhecimento da emo??o de medo (p<0,05) em compara??o com o grupo CA/U-. Os d?ficits para reconhecer a express?o de medo n?o apresentaram associa??o com o QI estimado, mas sim a presen?a elevada de tra?os CA/U. Conclus?o: Os resultados dessa disserta??o confirmam que crian?as com PC e presen?a elevada de tra?os CA/U exibem preju?zos para reconhecer express?es faciais emocionais de modo geral, bem como para reconhecer a emo??o de medo, quando comparadas ao grupo-controle. Ainda, os d?ficits no reconhecimento da emo??o de medo em crian?as com presen?a elevada de tra?os CA/U, n?o demonstrou estar associada com os escores do QI estimado, mas sim, apenas, pela presen?a dos tra?os CA/U.
Tsuji, Selma Rumiko [UNIFESP]. "Ensaio clínico randomizado por cluster para avaliação da efetividade de um instrumento de reconhecimento diagnóstico e de orientação terapêutica de transtorno depressivo em atenção primária à saúde." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2007. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39351.
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Objetivo: Avaliação da efetividade de um instrumento de reconhecimento diagnóstico e de orientação terapêutica para transtornos depressivos em atenção primária. Método: Ensaio clínico controlado com randomização por cluster de oito médicos clínicos das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de Marília, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os médicos clínicos foram randomizados para tratarem os pacientes do modo habitual ou para experimentarem um guia de tratamento para pacientes diagnosticados com depressão, de acordo com os critérios do DSM-IV e com pontuação de 8 a 22 pontos na escala HAM-D de gravidade de depressão. Entre os pacientes encaminhados para avaliação por uma psiquiatra foram recrutados 30 pacientes para cada médico clínico. Os pacientes foram atendidos pelo médico clínico por dezesseis semanas, com três atendimentos de apoio no primeiro mês, e, mensalmente, do segundo ao quarto mês. Medidas de desfecho: Reconhecimento diagnóstico com início de tratamento para o paciente com transtorno depressivo pelo médico clínico, e remissão clínica para o paciente após dezesseis semanas de acompanhamento. Resultados: As taxas de perdas foram de 23 /114 (20.2%) e 13/120 (10.8%) respectivamente no grupo de tratamento habitual e de intervenção (p = .153). No 4º mês, a taxa de remissão clínica para o paciente foi de 65/114 (57.0%) no grupo de tratamento habitual e 84/120 (70.0%) no grupo de intervenção experimental (p = .004). A taxa de início de tratamento no grupo experimental (119/120 (99.2%)) foi maior do que no de tratamento habitual (100/114 (87.7%), mas a diferença não foi estatisticamente significativa (p = .154). Conclusões: O uso de um instrumento de orientação diagnóstica e terapêutica permitiu aos médicos clínicos de atenção primária, a aplicação de intervenção terapêutica adequada resultando na remissão clínica dos pacientes diagnosticados com depressão, no entanto sem alterar as taxas de reconhecimento diagnóstico e início de intervenção terapêutica.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a diagnosis recognition and treatment guide for treating depressive disorders in a primary care setting. Methods: Cluster randomized controlled clinical trial with eight primary care clinicians being the unit of randomization to either use usual care or an experimental treatment guide for treating patients diagnosed with depression according to DSM-IV criteria and with a HAM-D depression severity scale between 8 and 22. For each clinician 30 patients referred to a psychiatrist were recruited to participate. Patients were seen by the clinician at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 following their initial visit. Main outcome measures were appropriate treatment of depressive disorder by the clinician and clinical remission after sixteen weeks of follow-up. Results: Patients withdrawal rates were 19/114 (16.7%) and 9/120 (7.5%) in the usual care and intervention arm, respectively (p = .122). At four months the clinical remission rate was 65/114 (57.0%) in the usual care arm and 84/120 (70.0%) in the intervention arm (p=.004). The appropriate treatment rate was higher in the intervention arm (119/120 (99.2%)) than in the usual care arm (100/114 (87.7%)), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=.154). Conclusion: The use of a diagnosis recognition and treatment guide for depression by primary care clinicians improves patient clinical remission rates. However this study did not show that the use of a guide changes the diagnosis recognition and appropriate treatment rates.
Bittencourt, Simone Armentano. "Motiva??o para a mudan?a : adapta??o e valida??o da escala URICA (University of Rhode Island Change Assessment) para o comportamento de comer compulsivo." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/680.
Full textEsta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar as propriedades psicom?tricas da University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) para o comportamento de comer compulsivo. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: realizar uma adapta??o sem?ntica da University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) para a utiliza??o da escala no comportamento de Comer Compulsivo; verificar a fidedignidade e a validade da University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) para o comportamento de comer compulsivo. A amostra deste estudo foi constitu?da por 175 sujeitos que apresentavam tal comportamento e que estivessem em tratamento grupal ou individual com este foco. A faixa et?ria esteve entre 18 e 65 anos e a escolaridade m?nima exigida foi de quinta s?rie do Ensino Fundamental. Foram exclu?dos da amostra sujeitos que n?o compreenderam as senten?as dos instrumentos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: entrevista estruturada criada para este estudo, para coleta de dados sociodemogr?ficos e da hist?ria do comportamento alimentar; r?gua de prontid?o, Escala SOCRATES e Escala URICA (estes tr?s instrumentos avaliando est?gio para motiva??o de mudan?a); ECAP (escala que mede a gravidade da compuls?o alimentar); BAI (Invent?rio de Ansiedade de Beck); BDI (Invent?rio de Depress?o de Beck); e BITE (Teste de Investiga??o Bul?mica de Edimburgo). Entre os 175 sujeitos da amostra, havia 164 mulheres (93,7%) e 11 homens (6,3%), com idade m?dia de 41,05 anos (SD = 13,10). Todos os participantes eram provenientes de cidades da Grande Porto Alegre, 134 sujeitos foram coletados em locais de atendimento grupal e 41 estavam em atendimento individual. A idade m?dia do in?cio do aumento de peso foi de 22,8 anos, e o SD=12,2. A idade m?dia referida do in?cio do comer compulsivo foi pr?xima a 21,9 anos, e o SD=9,4. A idade m?dia do primeiro tratamento de peso foi de 24,4 anos, e o SD=11,5. A fidedignidade encontrada, baseada no coeficiente de Cronbach, para a URICA (adapta??o brasileira para o comportamento de comer compulsivo, na escala de 24 itens), foi de T =0,80. Nas subescalas, a pr?-contempla??o foi T = 0,53, a contempla??o foi T = 0,73, a a??o foi T = 0,90 e a manuten??o foi T = 0,81.
Camilo, Ivana de Cássia Ribeiro Rosa. "O modelo alemão da terapia cognitiva focada no esquema na psicoterapia infantil para o tratamento de transtornos disruptivos, do controle de impulsos e da conduta: proposta de protocolo de atendimento." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2017.33.
Full textThis study proposes a group psychotherapeutic model for children and adolescents with a diagnosis of Disruptive Disorders, of impulse control and behavior (APA, 2014), based on the model presented by Lopes (2015), and integrated with the methods and techniques proposed by German group directed by Christof Loose (Loose, Graaf and Zarbock, 2015). Loose et al. (2015) add to Scheme Therapy for children and adolescents various materials for treatment of specific disorders. This group has emerged in the presentation of studies for this audience, because from the theory proposed by Jeffrey Young (Young, 2003), have been dedicated to research and publications of innovative materials. In the course of the work the reader will be able to appreciate the fundamentals of Scheme Therapy for children and adolescents, some studies on Disruptive Disorders, impulse control and behavior, group treatment programs for this audience - and that already have positive results in the interventions, the literal translation of the protocol proposed by Loose et al. (2015), and the proposal of the protocol in a group, based on the methods and techniques of Cognitive Therapy Focused on the Scheme (TCFE). In the annexes of this work are presented the materials translated from Loose et al. (2015), such as the forms indicated for use in the application of interviews techniques and scripts; and other instruments proposed for the stages of evaluation, intervention and psychoeducation with children and adolescents, and with their families. This work aims to add to the practices of Brazilian psychologists effective treatment alternatives, presenting the methodology of initial evaluation, the stages of psychotherapy for children and their families.
Dissertação (Mestrado)
Martins, Tatiana Moya. ""Validação da sessão de transtornos alimentares do DAWBA (levantamento sobre o desenvolvimento e bem-estar de crianças e adolescentes)"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-19102006-103302/.
Full textThis thesis concerns the validation and investigation of the reliability of The Eating Disorders Section of The Development and Well-eing Assessment (DAWBA), a package of interviews and assessment techniques designed to be administered by trained interviewers without previous experience in eating disorders, for screening and diagnosis in epidemiological studies of eating disorders in female children and adolescents, from 7 to 17 years old. This study was carried out with the participation of 174 female children and adolescents, from 8 to 17 years old, recruited from three groups: (1)48 girls with eating disorders; (2) 55 clinical controls 21 in treatment for unipolar depression, 14 for obsessive compulsive disorder and 20 for gastrointestinal disease and (3) 71 community controls. One of the parents of each girl was also interviewed with the measure. Subjects were recruited from the three groups to assess the discriminant validity of the measure concerning its ability in discriminate girls with eating disorders from other mimicking psychiatric or physic disorders. The diagnosis of the presence or not of eating disorder in each subject anorexia, bulimia nervosa and partial syndromes was made using three different independent methods (1) gold standard diagnosis, based on DSM-IV and ICD-10, assigned through free clinical interview of the parent and the girl together, made by a child and adolescent psychiatrist specialized in eating disorders, blind to the group of origin of the girl; (2) preliminary computer diagnosis, generated by a specific algorithm based on ICD-0 and the DSM-IV, using the structured information collected with the measure and (3) final DAWBA diagnosis, established by a trained specialist, based on DSM-IV and ICD-10, through the careful review of the information on the reports provided by the DAWBA software, containing the abstracts of the information collected by the measure. The concurrent validity of the DAWBA diagnoses (computer preliminary and final) was assessed through the comparison with the gold standard. The test-retest reliability was assessed reassessing 55 subjects (7 with eating disorders, 20 clinical controls and 28 community controls) with the measure two or three weeks after the first assessment. The DAWBA interviewers were blind (both in test and retest) for the origin group of the subject. Internal consistency (Crombach Alpha), best cutoffs in the screening questions, sensibility and specificity were assessed. There was a significant difference in mean age between the eating disorder (mean = 16 years) and clinical control (mean = 14,5 years) groups. For the detection of any eating disorder according the DSM-IV and ICD-10, the final DAWBA diagnosis presented sensibility of 100% and specificity of 94%. There was good test-retest agreement (Kappa = 0,81) and good internal consistency in the screening questions, being the Crombach Alpha of 0,76 in the girls interview and 0,81 in the parent interview. The best cutoffs on the screening questions were two and three, noting that for a cutoff of three the sensibility was 89,8% in both interviews (girls and parents) and the specificity was 85,6% for the girls interview and 85,5% for the parent interview. The significant difference in mean age between the eating disorder and clinical control groups, not including children with eating disorders younger than 11 years old and the absence of comparisons of social economic variables between groups were limitations of this study. In summary, the present study shows that The Eating Disorders Section of the DAWBA has good validity and reliability for the screening and diagnosis of female children and adolescents with eating disorders and has applicability both in clinical and community settings.
Flory, Elizabete Villibor. "A relação figura-fundo e as estruturas infra-lógicas na construção da identidade psicossocial de pessoas com transtornos severos do comportamento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-16102006-155224/.
Full textOur dissertation sprung from the contact with the ideas and the clinical work of Michael Wernet, our Professor in the University of Freiburg Germany, and supervisor of the courses which we attended in the institution where he is the psychologist in charge. The theoretical basis of our work is compounded by the gestaltic approach of Wernet to the development of the act of perceiving (Affolter, apud Wernet), which led us to the basic concepts of the Theory of the Gestalt and latter commentaries on it (Wertheimer, Köhler, Castillo-Cabral, Engelmann, Ramozzi-Chiarottino). Such point of view was complemented by the approach of Ayres concerning the Sensorial Integration as well as by the establishment of connections between the development of the act of perceiving, according to Affolter, and the construction of the reality, according to Piaget. The methodology of our work is based on five case-studies. We examined the behaviour of five subjects (between 22 and 44 years-old), all of them with severe prejudices of behaviour and damaged cerebral functions. Our purpose was to show that their actions had a constructive meaning, which we believe to be the expression of the law of pregnancy of Max Wertheimer. It was also our objective to try to reorganize the subjects, aiming at their further socialization. Following this point of view, the result was that our intervention became pregnant, since each stage was demanded by the previous one. That represented a change of quality in our relationship with the subjects. The results point to the achievement of our goal: generally speaking, we obtained a decrease in the frequency of break-downs as well as a substitution of the so called self aggressive behaviour for other ways of response without negative sequels. Another result was the improvement of the possibility of the subjects to interact with other people.
Martins, Tatiana Moya. ""Criação e análise da Sessão de Transtornos Alimentares do DAWBA (levantamentos sobre o desenvolvimento e Bem-Estar de Crianças e Adolescentes)"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-09082005-104933/.
Full textThis study presents the creation and analysis of The Eating Disorders Section of The DAWBA, a measure designed for epidemiological studies to screen and diagnose eating disorders (ED) - anorexia and bulimia nervosa and partial syndromes - in 8 to 17 year-old girls. The study was carried out in 3 phases: (1) measure creation, (2) refinement by applying it to 45 women and their relatives and (3) fine-tuning by testing it in 30 girls and their parents. Phases 2 and 3 involved subjects with ED, obsessive-compulsive and unipolar depression disorders and gastrointestinal disease, producing the final version of the measure, which is ready for validation
Chaves, Tharcila Viana [UNIFESP]. "A vivência da fissura por crack: rebaixamento de valores e estratégias utilizadas para o controle." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/8856.
Full textObjetivo: Entender, através do discurso de quem já consumiu crack: como a fissura se processa, quais os comportamentos desenvolvidos sob fissura e quais as estratégias utilizadas pelo usuário para interferir na fissura. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo com amostra intencional por critérios, constituída por usuários (n=31) e ex-usuários (n=9) de crack, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 50 anos. Os investigados, pertencentes a 12 cadeias distintas, foram recrutados pela técnica da bola de neve e foram submetidos à entrevista semi-estruturada em profundidade, até que fosse atingido o ponto de saturação teórica da amostra. Após a transcrição literal das entrevistas, seguiu-se a análise do conteúdo para assim se elaborar inferências e hipóteses alicerçadas nesses discursos. Resultados e Discussão: Os 40 entrevistados estavam igualmente distribuídos quanto ao gênero, abrangiam todos os níveis de escolaridade e a maior parte possuía poucos recursos financeiros. Além da fissura sentida na abstinência de crack e da fissura induzida por pistas ambientais e emocionais, já conhecidas, constatou-se um terceiro tipo de fissura, a induzida pelo próprio efeito do crack. Assim que o usuário dá a primeira tragada desenvolve uma compulsão pelo consumo, levando-o ao uso ininterrupto, até que o estoque de droga acabe ou ele chegue à exaustão. Este tipo de fissura apareceu como um forte fator mantenedor dos episódios binge de consumo, os quais foram os maiores responsáveis pelo rebaixamento de valores do usuário, sujeitando-os a práticas não convencionais para a obtenção da droga e a fortes eventos de agressividade. Os entrevistados não só possuem estratégias para o alívio da fissura, como também possuem táticas para evitar o seu desenvolvimento, tanto de ordem farmacológica quanto comportamental. Conclusões: A fissura por crack, entre outros sintomas, desencadeia compulsão, comportamento de risco, sofrimento, agressividade e padrão binge de consumo, o qual pode estar relacionado ao desenvolvimento de dependência. Os binges de consumo de crack podem ser causados pela fissura induzida pelo próprio efeito do crack. A existência de medidas do próprio usuário para lidar com a sua fissura por crack pode ser uma ferramenta importante para o aprimoramento de seu tratamento.
Objective: To understand, through the discourse of individuals who have already consumed crack: how their cravings proceed; what behavioral patterns are developed with such cravings and what strategies users follow to hold back their cravings. Methodology: This was a qualitative study using an intentional sample with selection criteria, composed of crack users (n=31) and former users (n=9) of both sexes, aged 18 to 50 years. The subjects belonged to 12 different chains and were recruited using the snowballing technique. In-depth semi-structured interviews were held with recruits until the theoretical data saturation point of the sample was reached. The interviews were transcribed literally and the scripts then underwent content analysis in order to elaborate grounded inferences and hypotheses from the discourse. Results and Discussion: The interviewees were equally distributed regarding gender. They ranged over all educational levels and most of them had little money. In addition to the known cravings felt through abstaining from crack and through environmental and emotional paths, a third type of craving was observed, induced by the effect of the crack itself. As soon as the users took the first drag, they developed a compulsion to consume it, leading them to uninterrupted use until the supply ran out or they reached exhaustion. This type of craving appeared to be a strong factor in maintaining episodes of bingeing. Such episodes were the greatest factors responsible for lowering users’ values, thereby impelling them to act unconventionally to obtain the drug, with highly aggressive events. The interviewees not only had strategies for relieving their cravings, but also had tactics to avoid their development, both of pharmacological and of behavioral nature. Conclusions: The craving by crack, among other symptoms, triggers compulsion, risk behavior, suffering, aggression and binge pattern of consumption, which may be related to the development of dependence. Bingeing on crack may be caused by the craving that the effect of the crack itself induces. Users’ own measures for dealing with their cravings for crack may constitute an important tool for improving their treatment.
TEDE
Krieger, Débora Mascella. "Tradução e validação de conteúdo em português do questionário para avaliação de distúrbios impulsivo-compulsivos na doença de Parkinson - Parkinson's Disease Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders Questionnaire – Current Short (QUIP-CS)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156016.
Full textBackground: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most often neurodegenerative disease and proportionally growing with people aging. PD is a disease with motor and nonmotor clinical features. Levodopa and dopaminergic agonists (DA) are used for PD treatment, allowing an exquisite control of the motor symptoms during the first years. However, in five years, half patients will present motor or non-motor complications induced by cronic use of these medications. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are often, for example, depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, psychotic symptoms and impulse control disorders (ICD). The ICD is characterized by failure on resisting an impulse or on performing an specific act. Identification of the PD affected patients is crucial for proper management and study of this condition. There is an already validated self-reported questionnaire for this purpose, the Parkinson's Disease Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders Questionnaire (QUIP), without equivalent in portuguese language. Objective: To translate and to validate the Portuguese short version of the gold-standard questionnaire for identifying ICDs PD affected patients, applicable at the current moment of PD Methods: QUIP-CS was first translated to Portuguese by a professional translator. This translated version was shown to 5 PD neurologist specialists. in Brazil, being suggested minor modifications on it. This new Portuguese revised version was back translated to English by two independent native English speakers. They were both asked to compare the version one another and checked for differences. Then, they contacted each other and got a final back translated version. This one was sent for the original author, that approved its new version comparing to his original and validated one, with no loss of it’s original properties. The Portuguese corrected version was applied to 65 patients in a random way at PD’s ambulatory at HCPA. From these, 30 were asked to answer a number that would represent their level of QUIP-CS questions’ comprehension. Results: In a 1 to 5 point scale, being 1 no comprehension and 5, total comprehension, the average was 4,06 +/- 0,69 DP. Conclusion: Our results on Portuguese version of QUIP-CS show that QUIP-CS translated and corrected version was easily understood and easily self-applied. The article is under revision to be submitted for publication.
Paiva, Elisabete Péres Queiroz de. "ADOLESCENTES USUÁRIAS DE SUBSTÂNCIAS PSICOATIVAS." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2010. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1447.
Full textEsta pesquisa estudou adolescentes internadas para tratamento de dependência de drogas no Centro de Recuperação Álcool e Drogas Desafio Jovem. Objetivou descrever as características psicossociais e a psicodinâmica dessas adolescentes, além de identificar comportamentos de riscos e de proteção à saúde das participantes. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizados o Questionário de Identificação Sócio-Demográfico e Consumo de Substâncias Psicoativas, o teste projetivo H.T.P. (House-Tree-Person) e o Inventário de Triagem do Uso de Drogas (DUSI) . Fizeram parte do estudo 14 adolescentes na faixa de 12 a 17 anos. A maioria das adolescentes (78,57%) são filhas de pais separados. A primeira substância usada, na faixa de idade de 9 a 14 anos, foi o cigarro (42,86%), a segunda foi a maconha (35,71%), a terceira, na faixa de 9 a 15 anos foi o álcool (21,43%) e a quarta substância, na faixa de 9 a 16 anos foi o crack (35,71%). A droga predileta das adolescentes é o crack (42,9%). A carência afetiva é vista como reflexo da própria história de vida, com o desamparo, com ausência de afeto, falta de confiança, isolamento, falta de contatos sociais seguros, descontentamento com o ambiente familiar que se apresenta restritivo, apresentando vulnerabilidade que se faz presente em relação às pressões vividas no ambiente familiar. O pai se constitui quase sempre ausente na elaboração das adolescentes. Situações, como negligência, violência e abandono paterno, bem como o envolvimento com drogas lícitas e ilícitas pelos pais e outros familiares, devem ser objeto de medidas de proteção de políticas públicas de promoção de saúde familiar e comunitária e de redução de danos relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas.
Marques, Ana Lucia Marinho. "Itinerários terapêuticos de sujeitos com problemáticas decorrentes do uso de álcool em um centro de atenção psicossocial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5163/tde-07052010-143843/.
Full textProblems in consequence of the use of alcohol bring on relevant impacts to public health field and lead to the development of policies and treatment proposals based on perspectives and theoretical-practical approaches that present marked differences among them, resulting on the plurality of current therapeutic offers. This is a complex question that involves factors in several orders: sociocultural, economics, politics, socio-familiars and individuals. This complexity should be considered in the construction of health practices and understanding of the processes of search, choice and adherence to the treatment proposals, as interactive, relational and endowed of singular meanings. This study aimed to know the therapeutic itineraries of individuals with problems in consequence of harmful use of alcohol in a Psychosocial Care Center for users of alcohol and others substances CAPSad. The research used qualitative methods and was oriented by the ethnomethodological perspective. It employed the methodological procedures of bibliographical review, documental research, semi-structured interviews, focus group, participant observation and construction of field diary. The fieldwork was conducted in CAPSad Travessia, located in the city of Santana de Parnaíba/SP, from January to March of 2009. The results showed that the therapeutic itineraries of the participants were composed of a set of successive and often overlapping actions. The individuals tend to appeal simultaneously to several places of treatment and care and arrive to the health service without a clear formulation of the problem and neither informed about the proposal of the service. This pathway do not configure itself as a result of previous rational choices, but as the experience built during the process, which attributes meanings to the experiences and problems related to alcohol use and to the own necessity of help search and confrontation of the problem. In this process, it is possible to note the importance of social relational networks, in the context of which the meanings attributed to the experiences and the orientation and sustentation of process of help searching are shared. We conclude that the preoccupation in knowing the knowledge and practices of the individuals on the construction of their therapeutic itineraries must compose the care practices, developed by professionals in the health services, committed with the strengthening of individual and collective subjects, with the construction of rights and citizenship and with the production of health and life
Sanches, Seisse Gabriela Gandolfi. ""Efeito de supressão das emissões otoacústicas transientes em crianças com distúrbio de processamento auditivo"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-18042006-162330/.
Full textThis study concerns the suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions by contralateral white noise in children with auditory processing disorder. Fifty-one children between 7 and 11 years old were assessed, being 15 children without auditory complaints (control group) and 36 with auditory processing disorder (divided in two experimental groups). The mean suppression of otoacoustic emissions and standard deviation were determined for each group, both in linear and nonlinear acquisition mode. The results provided evidence that proportion of absence of otoacoustic emissions suppression was significantly higher in auditory processing disorder groups, when compared to control group
Pechorro, Pedro. "Delinquência juvenil : estudo de algumas variáveis psicológicas e relacionais com ênfase nos traços psicopáticos." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/5994.
Full textNa presente investigação pretendeu-se analisar a influência de algumas variáveis psicológicas e relacionais na delinquência juvenil, com especial ênfase nos traços psicopáticos, mas focando também outras variáveis como problemas de comportamento, delinquência auto-relatada, auto-estima e desejabilidade social. Foi também analisada a influência de variáveis sócio-demográficas e de tipo criminal. Para avaliação dos constructos em estudo efectuou-se a validação de diversos instrumentos psicométricos, nomeadamente do Dispositivo de Despiste de Processo Anti-social versão de auto-resposta (APSD-SR; Muñoz & Frick, 2007), do Questionário de Capacidades e de Dificuldades versão de auto-resposta (SDQ-SR; Goodman et al., 1998), da Escala de Delinquência Auto-relatada Adaptada (ASDS; Carroll et al., 1996), da Escala de Auto-estima de Rosenberg (RSES; Rosenberg, 1989) e da Escala de Desejabilidade Social de Marlowe-Crowne (Ballard, 1992) versão curta, além de se ter construído um questionário sócio-demográfico e um questionário de tipo criminal. Recorreu-se a uma amostra total de 760 participantes, subdividida numa amostra forense de 250 participantes dos sexos masculino (n = 221) e feminino (n = 29) provenientes dos Centros Educativos do Ministério da Justiça e numa amostra escolar de 510 participantes do sexo masculino (n = 322) e do sexo feminino (n = 188) provenientes de escolas da região da Grande Lisboa. Os resultados das validações dos instrumentos psicométricos de uma forma geral foram considerados de satisfatórios a bons, com excepção do SDQ-SR devido a problemas detectados na estrutura factorial e na consistência interna. Os resultados relativos aos testes das hipóteses indicaram que os jovens da amostra forense possuem características psicológicas e relacionais (e.g., traços psicopáticos, problemas de comportamento, comportamentos delinquentes, auto-estima) que permitem diferenciá-los da amostra escolar; os jovens do sexo masculino da amostra forense apresentam valores gerais mais altos de traços psicopáticos e de traços calosos/não-emocionais que as jovens do sexo feminino. Os jovens com traços psicopáticos altos apresentam valores nas variáveis analisadas (e.g., problemas de comportamento, comportamentos delinquentes, precocidade de envolvimento em actividades criminais, precocidade de envolvimento com o sistema judicial) que permitem diferenciá-los dos jovens com traços psicopáticos baixos. Existe capacidade de previsão de pertença a amostras e a grupos diferentes com base nas variáveis analisadas (e.g., traços psicopáticos, problemas de comportamento), e o narcisismo tem uma associação mais forte com a delinquência auto-relatada que a auto-estima.
This investigation had as its aim to analyze the influence of some psychological and relational variables on juvenile delinquency, with an emphasis on psychopathic traits, but also focusing on such variables as behavior problems, self-reported delinquency, selfesteem, and social desirability. The influence of some sociodemographic and criminal variables was also analyzed. Some psychometric instruments were translated into Portuguese and validated, namely the Antisocial Process Screening Device Self-report (APSD-SR; Muñoz & Frick, 2007), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Selfreport (SDQ-SR; Goodman et al., 1998), the Adapted Self-reported Delinquency Scale (ASDS; Carroll et al., 1996), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES, Rosenberg, 1989), and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale short version (MCSDS-SF; Ballard, 1992). A sociodemographic questionnaire and a criminal questionnaire were also used. The total sample was composed of 760 participants. It was subdivided in a forensic sample of 250 participants of the male (n = 221) and female (n = 29) genders from the juvenile detention centers of the Portuguese Ministry of Justice, and in a school sample of 510 participants of the male (n = 322) and female (n = 188) genders from the public schools of the greater Lisbon area. The results of the validation of the psychometric instruments reached satisfactory to good levels, with the exception of the SDQ-SR due to the problems detected in its factor structure and internal consistency. The results revealed that the juvenile delinquents possess distinct psychological and relational characteristics (e.g., psychopathic traits, behavior problems, delinquent behaviors, self-esteem) that can differentiate them from the school participants; also the male participants from the forensic sample possess higher general psychopathic traits and callous-unemotional traits. The participants with higher psychopathic traits score distinctively on the analyzed variables (e.g., behavior problems, delinquent behaviors, early life participation on criminal X activities, early life involvement with the judicial system). There is a prediction capability regarding samples and groups based on the analyzed variables (e.g., psychopathic traits, behavior problems), and narcissism has a stronger association with self-reported delinquent behaviors than self-esteem.
"Mecanismes moleculars en el transtorn de la conducta alimentària: estudis en humans i en model murins." Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://www.tesisenxarxa.net/TDX-0407109-134636/.
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