Academic literature on the topic 'Transudate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Transudate"
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Majhi, Chakradhar, Butungeshwar Pradhan, Bikash C. Nanda, and Sagnika Tripathy. "Pleural fluid cholesterol level is an important parameter in differentiating exudative from transudative pleural effusions." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 5, no. 3 (2018): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20181983.
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Background: The first important step is to decide whether the pleural effusion is transudate or exudates by Light’s criteria. Light’s criteria can misclassify 25% of pleural transudates as exudates. Pleural fluid cholesterol level can differentiate transudates from exudates as a single parameter instead of multiple parameters used in Light’s criteria. Measurement of pleural fluid cholesterol levels to differentiate transudative effusions from exudative effusions.Methods: Consecutive 60 cases of pleural effusion were taken in the study. Pleural fluid analysis was done for parameters of Light’s criteria along with pleural fluid cholesterol levels. First exudative and transudative effusion was classified by Light’s criteria. Other clinical and relevant biochemical tests were done to arrive in the final etiological diagnosis and data were collected and analysed .Pleural fluid cholesterol levels was correlated to Light’s criteria.Results: Total 60 cases of pleural effusion were there in the study. There were 43 exudative and 17 transudative effusions. Mean cholesterol level was 64.2± 7.5mg/dl in exudative effusions and 26.05±8.01 mg/dl in transudates. Pleural fluid cholesterol was ≥55mg /dl in 43 cases of exudates and <55mg/dl in 17 cases of transudates.Conclusions: Pleural fluid cholesterol level of ≥ 55mg/dl had similar sensitivity and specificity to Light’s criteria and as a single important parameter to differentiate exudative from transudative pleural effusion
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Navarro, Alejandro, Carmen Bárcena, Pilar Pozo, et al. "Liver Transudate, a Potential Alternative to Detect Anti-Hepatitis E Virus Antibodies in Pigs and Wild Boars (Sus scrofa)." Microorganisms 8, no. 3 (2020): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8030450.
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In recent years, cases of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection have increased in Europe in association with the consumption of contaminated food, mainly from pork products but also from wild boars. The animal’s serum is usually tested for the presence of anti-HEV antibodies and viral RNA but, in many cases such as during hunting, an adequate serum sample cannot be obtained. In the present study, liver transudate was evaluated as an alternative matrix to serum for HEV detection. A total of 125 sera and liver transudates were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at different dilutions (1:2, 1:10, 1:20), while 58 samples of serum and liver transudate were checked for the presence of HEV RNA by RT-qPCR. Anti- HEV antibodies were detected by ELISA in 68.0% of the serum samples, and in 61.6% of the undiluted transudate, and in 70.4%, 56.8%, and 44.8% of 1:2, 1:10, or 1:20 diluted transudate, respectively. The best results were obtained for the liver transudate at 1:10 dilution, based on the Kappa statistic (0.630) and intraclass correlation coefficient (0.841). HEV RNA was detected by RT-qPCR in 22.4% of the serum samples and 6.9% of the transudate samples, all samples used for RT-qPCR were positive by ELISA. Our results indicate that liver transudate may be an alternative matrix to serum for the detection of anti-HEV antibodies.
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Babu Rajendran, Suwetha Babu, and Sheju Jonathan Jha J. "Pleural Fluid Cholesterol Level in Differentiating Exudate from Trasudate Pleural Effusion." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 4 (2020): 6478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3465.
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Correlation of pleural fluid cholesterol level with light’s criteria to differentiate exudate from transudate pleural effusion. Classification of transudate and exudate clinically was done independently based on the light's criteria. Pleural fluid cholesterol levels of 100 selected patients were obtained. The cholesterol levels were compared with the earlier obtained data to study its specificity and sensitivity in differentiating exudate from transudate effusion. It was found that pleural fluid cholesterol in comparison to protein values in differentiating exudate from transudate showed a sensitivity of 79.55%, specificity of 91.07%, the positive predictive value of 87.50%, the negative predictive value of 85.00%, with a P-value of <0.001. Comparison of pleural fluid cholesterol with LDH values showed a sensitivity of 86.36% specificity of 94.64%, the positive predictive value of 92.68%, the negative predictive value of 89.83%, with a P-value of <0.001. Also, a comparison of pleural fluid cholesterol to light's criteria showed a sensitivity of 100% and 86.4% in the transudative group and sensitivity of 100% and 91.1 % in the exudative group, respectively. Routine measurement of pleural fluid cholesterol may serve as a valuable diagnostic indicator for differentiating exudate from transudate effusion.
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Maranhão, Bernardo Henrique Ferraz, Cyro Teixeira da Silva Junior, Jorge Luiz Barillo, et al. "Diagnostic Accuracy with Total Adenosine Deaminase as a Biomarker for Discriminating Pleural Transudates and Exudates in a Population-Based Cohort Study." Disease Markers 2021 (April 10, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6648535.
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Background. An initial step in the evaluation of patients with pleural effusion syndrome (PES) is to determine whether the pleural fluid is a transudate or an exudate. Objectives. To investigate total adenosine deaminase (ADA) as a biomarker to classify pleural transudates and exudates. Methods. An assay of total ADA in pleural fluids (P-ADA) was observed using a commercial kit in a population-based cohort study. Results. 157 pleural fluid samples were collected from untreated individuals with PES due to several causes. The cause most prevalent in transudate samples (21%, n = 33 / 157 ) was congestive heart failure (79%, 26/33) and that among exudate samples (71%, n = 124 / 157 ) was tuberculosis (28.0%, 44/124). There was no significant difference in the proportion of either sex between the transudate and exudate groups. The median values of P-ADA were significantly different ( P < 0.0001 ) between both total exudates (18.4 U/L; IQR, 9.85-41.4) and exudates without pleural tuberculosis (11.0 U/L; IQR, 7.25-19.75) and transudates (6.85; IQR, 2.67-11.26). For exudates, the AUC was 0.820 (95% CI, 0.751-0.877; P < 0.001 ), with excellent discrimination. The optimum cut-off point in the ROC curve was determined as the level that provided the maximum positive likelihood ratio (PLR; 14.64; 95% CI, 2.11-101.9) and was22.0 U/L. For transudates, the AUC was 0.8245 (95% CI, 0.7470-0.9020; P < 0.0001 ). Internal validation of the AUC after 1000 resamples was evaluated with a tolerance minor than 2%. The clinical utility was equal to 92% (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.96, P < 0.05 ).Conclusions. P-ADA is a useful biomarker for distinguishing pleural exudates from transudates.
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Agrawal, Pawan, Tirtha Man Shrestha, Pratap Narayan Prasad, Ramesh Prasad Aacharya, and Priyanka Gupta. "Pleural fluid serum bilirubin ratio for differentiating exudative and transudative effusions." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 56, no. 211 (2018): 662–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.3569.
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Background: In pleural effusion, differentiating exudative and transudative fluid is an important clinical evaluation. The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of pleural fluid serum bilirubin ratio in differentiating exudative and transudative effusions. In resource-limited settings with no facilities to measure lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, using pleural fluid bilirubin ratio may help in better clinical decision.
 Methods: It was a prospective observational study, conducted in the emergency department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. All the patients attending for emergency care with pleural effusion from 6th Jan 2015 to 5th Jan 2016 were included. The cases were divided as exudates and transudates on basis of final diagnosis. Serum and pleural fluid specimen were collected and sent for investigations. The data for various laboratory parameters especially those of lights criteria and bilirubin ratio were then analyzed and fluid nature was compared with results from parameters and final diagnoses.
 Results: Among 103 cases, 71.84% had exudate and 28.16% had transudate. The commonest cause of effusion was pneumonia 35.92%, second being tubercular 23.30% followed by malignant effusion 12.60%, congestive heart failure 11.65%, chronic kidney disease 10.67% and liver cirrhosis 5.82%. The mean bilirubin ratio for exudates exceeded that for transudates. Considering the cutoff point of 0.6, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were respectively 88.00%, 93.00%, 97.00% & 75.00%.
 Conclusions: Pleural fluid serum bilirubin ratio can be utilized as a diagnostic tool for differentiating exudative and transudative effusions.
 Keywords: bilirubin ratio; exudates; light’s criteria; pleural effusion; transudates.
 
 
 
 
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Probo, Monica, Valentina Valenti, Luigi Venco, et al. "Pleural lymphocyte-rich transudates in cats." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 8 (2017): 767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x17731045.
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Objectives Non-chylous lymphorrhagic pleural effusions are transudative effusions with a predominance of lymphocytes; however, they do not contain chylomicrons and therefore do not have the classical milky aspect of true chylous effusion. This type of effusion has been anecdotally associated with cardiac diseases in cats, but studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between this type of effusion and the primary disease. Methods In this study, feline non-chylous lymphorrhagic pleural effusions were retrospectively selected from the database of the authors’ institutions over a 3 year period. All cases underwent thoracic imaging, including echocardiography. Effusions classified as transudates with a predominance of lymphocytes on cytology were included. Results Thirty-three cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria: 23 (69.7%) had a concurrent cardiac disease, eight (24.2%) cases were associated with the presence of a mediastinal lymphoma or carcinoma or a thoracic mass, one case (3.0%) was a thymoma and one case (3.0%) was a sequela of a pyothorax. Conclusions and relevance Since a clear lymphatic origin of the fluid could not be demonstrated, lymphocyte-rich transudate might be considered a better designation for these kinds of effusions rather than non-chylous lymphorrhagic effusions. Although the number of cases in this preliminary study is low, the presence of a pleural lymphocyte-rich transudate in a cat should prompt the search for cardiac disease or intrathoracic neoplasia.
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Sutanto, Efelina, Liong Boy Kurniawan, and Fitriani Mangarengi. "TOTAL CHOLESTEROL ANALYSIS FOR DIFFERENTIATING EXUDATES AND TRANSUDATES IN PLEURAL FLUIDS." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 24, no. 2 (2018): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v24i2.1312.
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The aimed of this study is to compare the diagnostic value of pleural fluid total cholesterol and Light’s criteria to determine exudate or transudate. The samples used in this cross-sectional study were pleural fluid specimens sent to the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of the Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar during the period of August-September 2016. Data were grouped according to the type of effusion then statistically analyzed using nonparametric Mann Whitney U-test. The result of this study showed from 55 samples, there were 22 transudates and 33 exudates. The mean total cholesterol levels of exudate is higher than transudate (p=0.006). By using cut-off value of total cholesterol pleural fluid 56 mg/dL, it had sensitivity 72.7%; specificity 78.8%; Positive Predictive Value (PPV) 81.3% and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) 69.6% while Light’s criteria had sensitivity 97%; specificity 63.6%; PPV 80% and NPV 93.3%. Pleural fluid total cholesterol level with cut-off 56 mg/dL is proposed to be used for differentiating exudate and transudate because it is easier and more simple to perform than Light’s criteria.
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Sunanda, V., K. Shravanthi, B. Prabhakar Rao, CN Prasad, N. Satyanarayana, and P. Sunitha. "The diagnostic separation of transudates and exudates in pleural effusion." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 7, no. 3 (2012): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i3.6705.
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The present study was undertaken to compare plasma-pleural effusion albumin gradient with Light’s traditional criteria for differentiating exudates from transudate in pleural effusion who were undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic thoracocentesis in whom the etiology of effusion could be determined were studied. Blood and pleural fluid chemistries were measured to determine plasma-pleural effusion albumin gradient and Light’s criteria parameters like pleural fluid proteins, fluid to plasma protein ratio, fluid LDH and fluid to serum LDH ratio and we observed some misclassifications in exudates and transudates. Using an albumin gradient of 1.2 gm/dl or less to indicate exudate and >1.2 gm/dl to indicate transudate, none of the transudates were found to be is misclassifical, but 1 case of exudate (malignant pleural effusion) was misclassifical. We conclude that although Light’s criteria for exudates are very sensitive, albumin gradient of 1.2 gm/dl or less tends to be more specific to exudates.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v7i3.6705 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2011, Vol-7, No-3, 24-28
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Garcia Sevila, Raquel, Encarnacion Barroso, Concepcion Martin, Ignacio Aranda, and Santiago Romero. "Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis as a Cause of Malignant Transient Pleural Transudate." Case Reports in Medicine 2009 (2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/598741.
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Although it is generally accepted that a malignant transient pleural transudate may appear during the early stages of lymphatic obstruction, cases demonstrating such probability are rare in literature. A 67-year-old woman was admitted to hospital because a lymphangitic carcinomatosis and a transudative infrapulmonary pleural effusion with a cytology positive for adenocarcinoma. One month later the effusion keeps being positive for adenocarcinoma but exudative in character. Lymphatic obstruction appears as the cause of the initial transudative characteristics of the pleural effusion.
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Mogila, A. A. "GONARTHRITIS:EXUDATE OR TRANSUDATE?" World of Medicine and Biology 13, no. 61 (2017): 041. http://dx.doi.org/10.26724/2079-8334-2017-3-61-41-44.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Transudate"
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Gonçalves, Jessica de Souza. "Derrames pleurais e abdominais e a sua classificação : estudo de 25 casos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3572.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>Os derrames cavitários consistem em acumulações anormais de líquido de natureza variada ou gás/ar dentro das cavidades corporais, tais como as cavidades pleural, peritoneal, pericárdica, articular. Neste trabalho, vão ser apenas abordados os derrames cavitários pleural e peritoneal, uma vez que foram os registados com maior frequência durante o estágio curricular.
O diagnóstico etiológico é baseado nas informações obtidas na anamnese, no exame físico e nos exames complementares, tais como hemograma, bioquímicas, imagiologia e análise do líquido do derrame, normalmente colhido por toraco ou abdominocentese. As análises bioquímica e citológica permitem classificar os derrames em transudado, transudado modificado ou exsudado e representam um dos componentes mais importantes de diagnóstico, uma vez que auxiliam na identificação da fisiopatologia responsável pela acumulação do líquido e podem indicar a necessidade de realização de novos exames complementares.
O estudo de caso teve como objectivo a caracterização de uma amostra de 25 casos de animais diagnosticados com derrames pleural ou peritoneal de acordo com a espécie, a localização do derrame, os sinais clínicos observados, os meios de diagnóstico utilizados, a classificação do derrame e a etiologia subjacente.
Após análise dos dados recolhidos, à excepção dos derrames hemorrágicos e gasosos, foi possível confirmar a importância da classificação do derrame com base nas análises bioquímica e citológica, uma vez que permitiu chegar a um diagnóstico, principalmente nos casos de derrames neoplásicos, ou orientar a realização de outros exames complementares.
Nos canídeos, a principal causa de derrame pleural e peritoneal observada foi a neoplásica. Nos felídeos, o mesmo se verifica nos derrames pleurais, com destaque para o linfoma mediastínico, enquanto na maioria dos derrames peritoneais o diagnóstico foi de PIF. Relativamente aos casos de derrames gasosos, registou-se um caso de pneumotórax traumático aberto e um caso de pneumoperitoneu por ruptura intestinal por corpo estranho, ambos em cães, e apenas um caso de pneumoperitoneu em gato por ruptura do ducto colédoco e intestino delgado com forte suspeita de etiologia traumática.<br>Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>ABSTRACT - Pleural and abdominal effusions and its classification: A study of 25 cases -
Cavity effusions consist of abnormal accumulations of fluid of varied nature or gas/air inside body cavities, for example, pleural, abdominal, pericardial and joints. In this work, only pleural and peritoneal effusions will be approached, since these were the two most frequent presentations registered in the clinics.
The diagnosis of the underlying etiology was based on information collected from the anamnesis, physical examination and complementary exams such as complete blood count, biochemistry, imaging techniques and analysis of the effusion’s, usually collected by toraco or abdominocentesis. Both biochemical and cytological analysis of these fluids enables its classification into transudate, modified transudate or exudates, and represent one of the most important components for a diagnosis, since it allows the identification of the pathological process responsible for liquid accumulation, and can indicate the need to perform more investigation proceedings.
The objective of this study case was to characterize a sample of 25 animals diagnosed with pleural or abdominal effusion, by species, effusion’s location, clinical signs, means of diagnosis applied, effusion classification and underlying etiology.
After analyzing the collected data, with exception of hemorrhagic and gaseous effusions, it was possible to confirm the capital importance of the effusion’s classification based on biochemical and cytological analysis once it led to a diagnosis, mainly in cases of neoplastic effusion, or oriented the need to perform auxiliary tests.
In dogs, the main cause observed for pleural and peritoneal effusion was of neoplastic nature. The same was in cats concerning pleural effusions, principally mediastinal lymphoma, while the majority of peritoneal effusions where linked to a diagnosis of infectious peritonitis.
Concerning gaseous effusions, one case of traumatic open pneumothorax and other of pneumoperitoneum elicited by intestinal rupture by a foreign body, were documented in dogs, and only one case in a cat was documented, of pneumoperitoneum caused by a rupture of the common bile duct and small intestine, with possible traumatic etiology.
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Blalock, Emily Lauren. "Comparative Study of HPV 16 and HPV 18 Antibody Detection in Serum, Cervical Mucus, and Oral Mucosal Transudate." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/biology_theses/19.
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Measuring HPV exposure relies on detection of HPV type-specific antibodies, but methods are not standardized. Additionally, there is little information on the best sample type for HPV antibody detection. This study validated pseudovirion neutralization (PVN) assay for HPV antibody detection and compared it to IgG ELISA. Both assays were applied to paired serum and cervical mucus samples. Additionally, PVN assay was utilized to evaluate the feasibility of oral mucosal transudate (OMT) samples to monitor the HPV immune response. Serum was more likely to be positive on PVN assay than on IgG ELISA (p= 0.025). Both assays correlated with HPV-16 DNA status. HPV-18 PVN assay results correlated with HPV-18 DNA status. Few cervical mucus samples had detectable antibodies; no correlation with HPV DNA status was seen. OMT results were unsatisfactory. PVN assay was more sensitive than IgG ELISA; serum was a more reliable indicator of HPV-16/18 antibody status than cervical mucus.
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Santos, Willian Alves dos. "Associação entre odor, exsudato e isolamento social em pacientes com feridas neoplásicas: um estudo transversal." Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2016. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/2961.
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Previous issue date: 2016<br>Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde<br>A ferida neoplásica acomete cerca de 5% a 10% dos pacientes com câncer em cuidados paliativos. O foco central do cuidado dessas feridas é o controle dos sintomas, em que o odor está presente em 10,4% e o exsudato em 14,6% dos casos, sendo responsáveis pelo impacto no aspecto psicossocial do paciente. O estudo teve como objetivo de avaliar as associações entre odor, exsudato e isolamento social em pacientes com feridas neoplásicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa do tipo transversal prospectivo realizado com os pacientes com feridas neoplásicas no Ambulatório de cuidados paliativos do Núcleo de Atenção Oncológica do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética do HUAP c/nº: 183.757. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante a consulta de enfermagem pela da aplicação das escalas de odor, exsudação (Push) e escala de Likert de três dimensões para avaliação dos aspectos sociais do paciente, bem como dados contidos em prontuário para caracterização da clientela. Para a análise estatística aplicou-se o teste de normalidade Shapiro wilk, verificando que a amostra não é paramétrica (p valor ≤ 0,05) para as variáveis: tamanho da lesão, ferida total, odor total e exsudato total (escala likert) e paramétrica (p valor > 0,05) para a variável idade. Os dados foram apresentados em forma de mediana e intervalo interquartil (x ̃± Q3-Q1) para análises das variáveis não paramétricas; média e desvio padrão (x̅ ±D.P) para variável paramétrica. Realizou-se o teste de Kruskal Wallis para verificação de associação multivariada entre os dados clínicos e da escala e o teste de Spearman para verificar se o grau do odor, quantidade de exsudato, tamanho e localização da lesão apresentam correlação com a interferência da socialização do paciente. A confiabilidade da ISPOE foi medida pelo coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Constatou-se, então a correlação entre o grau de odor e as perguntas 1 e 5 da escala da dimensão odor. Assim, o odor interfere no constrangimento (p; 0,0053) e frequentar locais públicos (p; 0,0495). A quantidade de exsudato apresentou correlação com a primeira questão da escala da dimensão exsudato, interferindo no constrangimento (p; 0,0453). A variável tipo de ferida apresentou correlação com as questões 3 e 5, logo, interferindo na relação com a família e em frequentar locais públicos, fatores esses que favorecem o isolamento social em pacientes com feridas neoplásicas As variáveis: tamanho da lesão e local da lesão não apresentaram correlação significativa com as questões da escala na dimensão ferida. As três dimensões da escala apresentaram consistência interna satisfatória com alfa: 0,82 (dimensão ferida); 0,94 (dimensão exsudato) e 0,88 (dimensão odor). Com isso, o odor e o exsudato interferem negativamente fatores sociais e psicológicos que podem favorecer, diretamente, o isolamento social. Além do conhecimento sobre as particularidades dessas lesões e dos produtos adequados ao cuidados, é fulcral que o profissional de enfermagem conheça os principais queixas relacionadas à lesão e o impacto que causam ao cotidiano do paciente. Conhecer esse conflito social e psicológico fará toda a diferença no cuidado de enfermagem, pois, dessa forma, poderá atuar de maneira assertiva e holística no cuidado no cotidiano do paciente, enxergando-o para além dos sintomas: seus anseios psicológicos e sociais. A constatação da associação entre as variáveis poderá auxiliar a avaliação dos aspectos que podem interferir na qualidade de vida e no cuidado prestado aos pacientes com feridas neoplásicas.<br>Neoplastic wound affects about 5% to 10% of cancer patients in palliative care. The central focus of the care of these wounds is to control the symptoms, where the odor is present in 10.4% and exudate in 14.6% of cases, being responsible for the impact on the psychosocial aspect of the patient. The study aimed to evaluate the association between odor, exudate and social isolation in patients with neoplastic wounds. This is a quantitative study of the kind prospective cross-sectional with patients with neoplastic wounds in outpatient palliative care in Oncology Attention Core of University Hospital Antonio Pedro, approved by HUAP Ethics Committee c / No: 183757. Data collection was performed during the nursing consultation by the application of odor scales, exudation (Push) and Likert scale of three dimensions to assess the social aspects of the patient, as well as data contained in records for population. The statistical analysis was applied to the normality test Shapiro Wilk, verifying that the sample is not parametric (p value ≤ 0.05) for the variables: size of the lesion, the total wound, the total odor and overall exudate (Likert scale) and parametric (p value> 0.05) for the age variable. Data were presented as median and interquartile range ((x) ± Q3-Q1) for analysis of nonparametric variables; mean and standard deviation (x ̅ ± S.P) for parametric variable. He held the Kruskal Wallis test for multivariate association check between clinical data and scale and the Spearman test to see if the odor degree, amount of exudate, size and location of the lesion correlate with the interference of socialization patient. The reliability of ISPOE was measured by Cronbach alpha coefficient. It was found, then the correlation between the degree of odor and the questions 1 to 5 scale of the odor scale. Thus, the odor interferes with the constraint (p, 0.0053) and attend public places (p; 0.0495). The amount of exudate correlated with the first issue of exudate size scale, interfering with embarrassment (p; 0.0453). The variable type of injury correlated with the issues 3:05, so interfering with the relationship with the family and attend public places, factors that favor social isolation in patients with neoplastic Variables wounds: lesion size and location of injury no significant correlation with the range of issues in the wound size. The three dimensions of the scale showed satisfactory internal consistency with alpha: 0.82 (wound size); 0.94 (exudate dimension) and 0.88 (size odor). Thus, the odor and exudate negatively affect social and psychological factors that may contribute, directly, social isolation. In addition to the knowledge about the characteristics of these injuries and products suitable for care, it is crucial that nursing professionals know the main complaints related to the injury and the impact they cause to the daily life of the patient. Knowing that social and psychological conflict will make all the difference in nursing care, because thus may act assertively and holistic care in the patient's daily life, seeing it beyond the symptoms: their psychological and social aspirations. The finding of association between variables may assist the evaluation of aspects that can interfere with quality of life and care provided to patients with neoplastic wounds.
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Rossetto, Luis Antonio [UNIFESP]. "Seroma na área doadora do retalho musculocutâneo transverso do reto do abdome, em pacientes submetidas à reconstrução de mama." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2011. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/21621.
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Previous issue date: 2011<br>O retalho musculocutâneo transverso do reto do abdome é um procedimento indicado para pacientes submetidas à reconstrução de mama. O seroma é uma complicação frequentemente encontrada na área doadora do retalho. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a incidência seroma na área doadora do retalho TRAM em que foram realizados os pontos de adesão com drenos, pontos de adesão sem drenos, comparando-se aos que não usaram os pontos de adesão e com drenos, em pacientes submetidas à reconstrução de mama. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas 48 reconstruções de mama com retalho TRAM, bipediculado. As pacientes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente, por sorteio, em três grupos compostos por 16 pacientes cada: Grupo C, pacientes sem pontos de adesão, com uso de drenos de sucção; Grupo PD, com pontos de adesão, com o uso dos drenos de sucção; Grupo PSD, com pontos de adesão, sem o uso dos drenos de sucção. Para a investigação da formação do seroma foi realizado ultrassonografia (USG) no sétimo dia de PO e no 14º de PO, em todas as pacientes, em cincos regiões da parede abdominal: epigástrio, umbilical, hipogástrio, fossa ilíaca direita, fossa ilíaca esquerda. RESULTADOS: A avaliação pela USG apresentou maior incidência de seroma no Grupo C (p=0,008). No Grupo C houve presença de seroma na fossa ilíaca, enquanto que nos demais grupos não ocorreram nesse local (p=0,028). Não houve diferença entre o Grupo PD-PSD (p=1,00), em relação à importância da presença dos drenos. CONCLUSÃO: Os pontos de adesão realizados na área doadora do retalho TRAM são eficazes na diminuição da presença do seroma.<br>Objective: To evaluate the incidence of seroma formation with and
without the use of quilting sutures or suction drains in the closure of the
transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap donor site in
patients who underwent breast reconstruction. Summary Background
Data: Seroma is a common morbidity at the donor site. The use of
quilting sutures in the closure of the donor site causes the collapse of the
dead space and may reduce seroma formation. Methods: In a
prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov,
number NCT01358786), 48 breast reconstructions were performed using
the bipedicled TRAM flap. Patients were randomly allocated into three
groups of 16 participants each: QS+DN group, use of quilting sutures
and suction drains at the donor site; QS group, use of quilting sutures
alone; and DN group, use of suction drains alone. Ultrasound
examinations were performed to assess seroma formation in 5 regions of
the abdominal wall (epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, right iliac, and
left iliac regions) on postoperative days 7 and 14. Results: Seroma
volume was significantly higher in the DN group than in the QS+DN
group (p=0.048), but no difference was found between the QS+DN and
QS groups (p=1.00). The region of seroma formation was significantly
correlated with the type of surgical procedure (p=0.028). Seroma
formation was observed in the iliac regions of patients in the DN group,
but not in the QS+DN and QS groups. Conclusion: Quilting sutures at
the TRAM flap donor site were efficient in reducing seroma formation.<br>BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Cedergren, Jan. "Radical aspects on arthritis : the role of neutrophil generation of nitric oxide and superoxide in inflammatory conditions." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2007/med984s.pdf.
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"A comparison of different analytes in distinguishing transudate and exudate of pleural effusion, and the use of adenosine deaminase activity in the differentiation of tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleural effusion." 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889812.
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by Mo-Lung Chen.<br>Thesis (M.Sc.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-75).<br>Abstract also in Chinese.<br>ABBREVIATIONS --- p.iv<br>LIST OF TABLES --- p.v<br>LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii<br>ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.ix<br>ABSTRACT --- p.xi<br>Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1<br>Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- BACKGROUND --- p.4<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Production of pleural fluid --- p.4<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Pathophysiology of pleural effusion --- p.5<br>Chapter 2.3 --- Separating exudate from transudate --- p.8<br>Chapter 2.4 --- Receiver operating characteristic curve --- p.9<br>Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- ADENOSINE DEAMINASE --- p.12<br>Chapter 3.1 --- Background --- p.12<br>Chapter 3.2 --- Differentiation of tuberculous and non-tuberculous pleural effusion --- p.12<br>Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.17<br>Chapter 4.1 --- Patients --- p.17<br>Chapter 4.2 --- Collection and handling of specimens --- p.17<br>Chapter 4.3 --- Diagnostic criteria --- p.18<br>Chapter 4.4 --- Methods --- p.19<br>Chapter 4.4.1 --- Routine chemistries --- p.19<br>Chapter 4.4.2 --- Protein zone electrophoresis --- p.19<br>Chapter 4.4.3 --- Adenosine deaminase --- p.19<br>Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- Instrumentation --- p.22<br>Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- Optimization of reaction time --- p.24<br>Chapter 4.4.4 --- Analytical performance --- p.24<br>Chapter 4.4.4.1 --- Imprecision --- p.24<br>Chapter 4.4.4.2 --- Recovery --- p.26<br>Chapter 4.4.4.3 --- Lowest detection limit --- p.26<br>Chapter 4.4.4.4 --- Linearity --- p.26<br>Chapter 4.4.4.5 --- Interference by ammonia --- p.26<br>Chapter 4.4.4.6 --- Interference by turbidity --- p.28<br>Chapter 4.4.4.7 --- Interference by haemoglobin --- p.28<br>Chapter 4.4.4.8 --- Interference by bilirubin --- p.29<br>Chapter 4.4.4.9 --- Storage stability of ADA at -80°C --- p.29<br>Chapter 4.4.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.30<br>Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- RESULTS OF OPTIMIZATION AND EVALUATION EXPERIMENTS --- p.31<br>Chapter 5.1 --- Optimization of reaction time --- p.31<br>Chapter 5.2 --- Analytical performance --- p.31<br>Chapter 5.2.1 --- Imprecision --- p.31<br>Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Within-run --- p.31<br>Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Between-run --- p.31<br>Chapter 5.2.2 --- Recovery --- p.31<br>Chapter 5.2.3 --- Lowest detection limit --- p.34<br>Chapter 5.2.4 --- Linearity --- p.34<br>Chapter 5.2.5 --- Interference by<br>Chapter 5.2.5.1 --- ammonia --- p.34<br>Chapter 5.2.5.2 --- turbidity --- p.34<br>Chapter 5.2.5.3 --- haemoglobin --- p.37<br>Chapter 5.2.5.4 --- bilirubin --- p.37<br>Chapter 5.2.6 --- Storage stability of ADA at -80°C --- p.37<br>Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- TRANSUDATIVE AND EXUDATIVE PLEURAL EFFUSION --- p.39<br>Chapter 6.1 --- Results of routine chemistries --- p.39<br>Chapter 6.2 --- Decision thresholds by ROC curve --- p.39<br>Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.39<br>Chapter 6.4 --- Results of protein zone electrophoresis --- p.49<br>Chapter 6.5 --- Discussion --- p.51<br>Chapter 6.6 --- Comparison of protein zone electrophoresis and Light's criteria --- p.55<br>Chapter 6.7 --- Discussion --- p.55<br>Chapter CHAPTER 7. --- TUBERCULOUS AND NON-TUBERCULOUS EXUDATIVE PLEURAL EFFUSION --- p.59<br>Chapter 7.1 --- Results of adenosine deaminase assay --- p.59<br>Chapter 7.2 --- Combinations of analysis --- p.59<br>Chapter 7.3 --- Decision thresholds by ROC curve --- p.64<br>Chapter 7.4 --- Discussion --- p.64<br>Chapter CHAPTER8. --- GENERAL DISCUSSION --- p.69<br>REFERENCES --- p.70
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Motete, Agnes Lerato. "The occurrence of effusive constrictive pericarditis (ECP) of tuberculosis origin in a cohort of patients with large effusions." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1104.
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Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Technology: Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, 2013.<br>Introduction : Effusive constrictive pericarditis (ECP) is a clinical syndrome characterized by concurrent pericardial effusion and pericardial constriction where constrictive haemodynamics are persistent after the pericardial effusion is removed. Although first observed in the 1960s, it was not until the publication of a 13 patient-case series by Hancock in 1971, and the prospective cohort publication by Sagrista-Sauleda in 2004, that more information about the aetiology, incidence, and prognosis of effusive-constrictive pericarditis became known (Sagrista-Sauleda, Angel, Sanchez, Permanyer-Miralda, and Soler-Soler 2004).
Hancock (1971) first recognized that some patients presenting with cardiac tamponade did not have resolution of their elevated right atrial pressure after removal of the pericardial fluid. In these patients, pericardiocentesis converted the haemodynamics from those typical of tamponade to those of constriction. Thus, the restriction of cardiac filling was not only due to the pericardial effusion but also resulted from pericardial constriction (predominantly the visceral pericardium). The hallmark of effusive-constrictive pericarditis is the persistence of elevated right atrial pressures after the intrapericardial pressure has been reduced to normal levels by the removal of the pericardial fluid.
Aims and Objectives : This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ECP in a cohort of patients with large effusions of Tuberculosis origin. The primary objective was to measure pre and post- pericardiocentesis intrapericardial and right atrial cardiac pressures in all patients undergoing pericardiocentesis in order to determine the relative proportion of effusive constrictive pericarditis in these patients. The secondary objective was to determine if any echocardiographic features can help predict the presence of ECP by studying the three parameters two-week post-pericardiocentesis.
Methodology : Fifty consecutive patients with pericarditis presenting to Groote Schuur Hospital and surrounding hospitals referred for pericardiocentesis, who met the inclusion criteria were recruited to participate in the study. All patients had the right atrial and intrapericardial pressures simultaneously measured and recorded, before and after pericardiocentesis. The pressures were analyzed to determine the presence of ECP, which was defined as failure of the right atrial pressure to fall by 50% or to a new level of ≤12 mmHg after the intrapericardial pressure is lowered to below 2 mmHg.
Participants also had an echocardiogram done two weeks post pericardiocentesis. Three echocardiographic features of constriction were studied, to determine if they can predict the presence of ECP. The parameters studied were 1) Thickened pericardium, 2) Dilated inferior vena cava (IVC) and 3) Septal bounce.
Results : This study showed a 34% (17 0f 50) prevalence of ECP in patients with TB pericarditis. It also showed a statistically difference in the right atrial and intrapericardial pressures pre and post pericardiocentesis, between patients with ECP and those without.
The echocardiographic parameters studied showed no difference between ECP and non ECP, and also did not predict the presence of ECP.
Discussion : In the cohort of patients (n=50), the prevalence of ECP was found to be 34%. This is much higher than that observed in the Sagrista-Sauleda et al., (2004) study. They found a prevalence of 1.3% amongst patients with pericardial disease of any type and 6.95% amongst patients with clinical tamponade. The authors did state that they expected the true prevalence to be higher than estimated as not all patients underwent catheterization.
Pre-pericardiocentesis pressures, both right atrial and intrapericardial, were found to be higher in patients with ECP than in those without. This is in keeping with published results, such as the study of Hancock (1971)
The echocardiographic parameters studied were two weeks post pericardiocentesis, because the diagnostic accuracy of echocardiogram has been shown to be very poor at the time of tamponade. The presence of these parameters (thickened pericardium, dilated IVC and septal bounce), did not predict the presence of ECP. This could be due to the fact that less than 50% of participants had an echocardiogram two weeks post pericardiocentesis.
Conclusions : The results of this study show that ECP is actually more common than thought in a population with TB pericarditis. This syndrome may be missed in most patients due to the fact that not all centres measure right atrial and intrapericardial pressures at the time of pericardiocentesis.
Echocardiography is not able to predict the presence of ECP. Other non-invasive imaging techniques such is computerized tomography (CT) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) have shown good results in diagnoses of ECP.
The importance of early diagnosis of ECP lies in recognition that removal of pericardial fluid alone may not be enough; patients may need to have surgery. Given the high prevalence shown by the study, ideally all patients with pericardial effusion should have haemodynamic monitoring at the time of pericardiocentesis.
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Chen, Wei-Lin, and 陳偉玲. "Pleural Space Elastance and Change in Oxygenation after Therapeutic Thoracentesis in Ventilated Heart Failure Patients with Transudative Pleural Effusions." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48250638944847056800.
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碩士<br>國立陽明大學<br>急重症醫學研究所<br>99<br>Background and objective: Therapeutic thoracentesis (TT) is required in patients with refractory pleural effusions and impaired oxygenation. The study was to explore the relationship between pleural space elastance (PE) and the change in oxygenation after TT in ventilated heart failure patients with transudative pleural effusions.
Methods: Twenty six mechanically ventilated heart failure patients with significant amount of transudative effusions undergoing TT were studied. Under the monitoring of pleural pressure (Pliq) and chest symptoms, the effusion was drained as completely as possible. The volume of removed effusion, the changes in Pliq during TT, the PE, and arterial blood gases measured before and after TT were recorded.
Results: The mean volume of removed effusion was 1011.9 ± 58.2 mL. The mean Pliq decreased from 14.5 ± 1.0 to 0.1 ± 1.5 cm H2O after TT and the mean PE was 15.3 ± 1.8 cm H2O/L. TT significantly increased the mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio (from 243.2 ± 19.9 to 336.0 ± 17.8 mm Hg; p &lt; 0.0001). The changes in PaO2/FiO2 ratio after TT were negatively correlated with the PE (r = -0.803, p &lt; 0.0001). Fourteen patients (54%) with normal PE (≤ 14.5 cm H2O/L) had significantly larger increase in PaO2/FiO2 ratio after TT than did the remaining 12 patients with abnormal PE (>14.5 cm H2O/L).
Conclusions: Measurement of PE during TT may be valuable in predicting oxygenation improvement in ventilated heart failure patients with pleural effusions. Patients with lower value of PE had greater improvement in oxygenation after TT.
Books on the topic "Transudate"
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Larsen, C. S. Crust and spray: Gross stuff in your eyes, ears, nose, and throat. Millbrook Press, 2010.
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Malignant effusions: A multimodal approach to cytologic diagnosis. Igaku-Shoin, 1994.
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1928-, Boddington Michael M., ed. Atlas of serous fluid cytopathology: A guide to the cells of pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, and hydrocele fluids. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1989.
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Chiumello, Davide, and Silvia Coppola. Management of pleural effusion and haemothorax. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0125.
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The main goal of management of pleural effusion is to provide symptomatic relief removing fluid from the pleural space. The options depend on type, stage, and underlying disease. The first diagnostic instrument is the chest radiography, while ultrasound can be very useful to guide thoracentesis. Pleural effusion can be a transudate or an exudate. Generally, a transudate is uncomplicated effusion treated by medical therapy, while an exudative effusion is considered complicated effusion and should be managed by drainage. Refractory non-malignant effusions can be transudative (congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrosis) or exudative (pancreatitis, connective tissue disease, endocrine dysfunction), and the management options include repeated therapeutic thoracentesis, in-dwelling pleural catheter for intermittent external drainage, pleuroperitoneal shunts for internal drainage, or surgical pleurectomy. Parapneumonic pleural effusions can be classified as complicated when there is persistent bacterial invasion of the pleural space, uncomplicated and empyema with specific indications for pleural fluid drainage. Malignancy is the most common cause of exudative pleural effusions in patients aged >60 years and the decision to treat depends upon the presence of symptoms and the underlying tumour type. Options include in-dwelling pleural catheter drainage, pleurodesis, pleurectomy, and pleuroperitoneal shunt. Haemothorax needs to be differentiated from a haemorrhagic pleural effusion and, when suspected, the essential management is intercostal drainage. It achieves two objectives to drain the pleural space allowing expansion of the lung and to allow assessment of rates of blood loss to evaluate the need for emergency or urgent thoracotomy.
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Blasi, Francesco, and Paolo Tarsia. Pathophysiology and causes of haemoptysis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0126.
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The main goal of management of pleural effusion is to provide symptomatic relief removing fluid from pleural space and the options depend on type, stage and underlying disease. The first diagnostic instrument is the chest radiography while ultrasound can be very useful to guide thoracentesis. Pleural effusion can be a transudate or an exudate. Generally a transudate is uncomplicated effusion treated by medical therapy, while an exudative effusion is considered complicated effusion and should be managed by drainage. Refractory non-malignant effusions can be transudative (congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, nephrosis) or exudative (pancreatitis, connective tissue disease, endocrine dysfunction), and the management options include repeated therapeutic thoracentesis, indwelling pleural catheter for intermittent external drainage, pleuroperitoneal shunts for internal drainage, or surgical pleurectomy. Parapneumonic pleural effusions can be divided in complicated when there is persistent bacterial invasion of the pleural space, uncomplicated and empyema with specific indications for pleural fluid drainage. Malignancy is the most common cause of exudative pleural effusions in patients aged >60 years and the decision to treat depends upon the presence of symptoms and the underlying tumour type. Options include indwelling pleural catheter drainage, pleurodesis, pleurectomy and pleuroperitoneal shunt. Hemothorax needs to be differentiated from a haemorrhagic pleural effusion and when is suspected the essential management is the intercostal drainage. It achieves two objectives to drain the pleural space allowing expansion of the lung and to allow assessment of rates of blood loss to evaluate the need for emergency or urgent thoracotomy.
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Harrison, Mark. Cardiovascular system. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198765875.003.0049.
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This chapter describes the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system as it applies to Emergency Medicine, and in particular the Primary FRCEM examination. The chapter outlines the key details of the control of blood pressure and heart rate, cardiac output, blood flow, cardiac cycle, ECG, pharmacological manipulation of the heart, shock, oxygen delivery and consumption, body fluid homeostasis, crystalloid solutions, colloidal solutions, and exudates and transudates. This chapter is laid out exactly following the RCEM syllabus, to allow easy reference and consolidation of learning.
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Grundy, Seamus. Pleural effusion. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0019.
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Pleural effusion is a common clinical problem which can present both to primary and secondary care. The process by which fluid accumulates can be divided into transudative or exudative. Transudative effusions occur in the presence of normal pleura and are caused by increased oncotic or hydrostatic pressures. Exudative effusions are associated with abnormal pleura and are caused either by increased pleural fluid production due to local inflammation or infiltration or by decreased fluid removal which is caused by obstruction of the lymphatic drainage system. Patients may be entirely asymptomatic or they may present with breathlessness, particularly if the effusion is large. Other symptoms include a cough and systemic symptoms such as weight loss, anorexia, and fever. Chest pain is suggestive of inflammation/infiltration of the parietal pleura and points towards malignancy or empyema. This chapter describes the assessment and diagnosis of the patient with pleural effusion.
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Schomberg, Lucy, and Nick Maskell. Water on the lung: a rare cause of a transudative effusion and new options for palliation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199657742.003.0016.
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Pleural effusions are very common in clinical practice and can be notoriously difficult to diagnose and a real challenge to manage. There is a large amount of literature on malignant effusions, but no clear guidelines on managing refractory non-malignant pleural effusions. This case examines a rarer cause of a transudative effusion, focussing on the route to diagnosis. The emergence of thoracic ultrasound, in light of the National Patient Safety Agency report in 2008, and the increased safety are reviewed, and, in addition, the options for management are considered, including the tunnelled pleural catheter as a potential long-term solution in this challenging situation.
Book chapters on the topic "Transudate"
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John, BM, and Vinod Dagar. "Transudate vs Exudate." In The Acutely Ill Child: A Ready Reckoner. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11952_94.
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"Fluid Analysis: Transudate vs. Exudate." In Medical Management of Pulmonary Diseases. CRC Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482276756-62.
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Lee, Y. C. G., M. Noppen, and R. W. Light. "PLEURAL EFFUSIONS | Pleural Fluid, Transudate and Exudate." In Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-370879-6/00306-9.
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PLEURA, E. "Pleural Transudates and Modified Transudates." In Textbook of Respiratory Disease in Dogs and Cats. Elsevier, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7216-8706-3.50082-7.
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"Transudative Pleural Effusions." In Pleural Disease. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14205-22.
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"Transudative Pleural Effusions." In Pleural Disease. CRC Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420077391-19.
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Sharma, Suresh, and Neena Sood. "Body Cavity Fluids, Transudates and Exudates Tests." In Textbook of Pharmacology, Pathology and Genetics for Nurses (2 Volumes). Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12648_34.
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"Discrimination Between Transudative and Exudative Pleural Effusions." In Pleural Disease. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14205-19.
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Chapman, Stephen J., Grace V. Robinson, Rahul Shrimanker, Chris D. Turnbull, and John M. Wrightson. "Thoracic ultrasound (TUS)." In Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine, edited by Stephen J. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, Rahul Shrimanker, Chris D. Turnbull, and John M. Wrightson. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0072.
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Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) is increasingly used for bedside evaluation of the pleural space and thorax. Given improved safety, NPSA and BTS guidance ‘strongly recommend’ TUS for pleural fluid procedure site selection. TUS also gives useful diagnostic information that may alter management (e.g. a patient with a transudative effusion who has pleural nodularity, suggestive of malignancy).
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Davies, Robert J. O., Fergus V. Gleeson, Y. C. Gary Lee, Jose Porcel, and Fraser Brims. "Pleural diseases." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.1817_update_001.
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Case History—A 40 yr old woman with pleuritic chest pain. This is a common clinical problem which can complicate a range of lung and systemic diseases. Most cases can be diagnosed by pleural fluid analysis and pleural biopsy, with Light’s criteria making it possible to discriminate between transudates and exudates. These state that a pleural effusion is an exudate if any of the following are present: (1) pleural fluid to serum protein ratio greater than 0.5; (2) pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) greater than two-thirds of the upper limit of normal serum LDH; (3) pleural fluid to serum LDH ratio greater than 0.6....
Conference papers on the topic "Transudate"
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Litrento, P. F., R. D. S. Corrêa, and T. T. Mafort. "Ultrasound Pattern of Pleural Effusion and Differentiation Between Exsudate and Transudate." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4858.
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Mccracken, David, Rachel Mercer, Mata Tsikrika, et al. "Transudative malignant pleural effusions." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa488.
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Rosas, M., and E. T. Mccann. "A Transudative Empyema: Spontaneous Bacterial Empyema." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a6770.
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Phillips, N., M. Kakol, and E. Sheehan. "All That Is Transudative Is Not Benign." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6921.
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Do, T. V. C., S. Ganti, J. Cozza, and J. Depa. "Recurrent Chylous Ascites Leading to Transudative Chylothorax." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a1936.
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Kuleci, Sedat, Oya Baydar, Efraim Güzel, and Ismail Hanta. "Transudative chylothorax in a patient with pulmonary hypertension." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3677.
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Story, R., E. R. Prather, M. A. Gavrilin, and M. D. Wewers. "Pleural Effusion Levels of Inflammasome Related Proteins in Exudates Compared to Transudates." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a7440.
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Goldstein, B., C. DePope, and A. H. Cho. "Breathing Bad: A Case of Malignant Transudative Pleural Effusion." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4868.
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Bhatt, A., J. Tsay, and K. Felner. "Transudative Malignant Pleural Effusion in the Setting of Lymphoma." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6408.
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Antonatos, Miguel, and Harvey Gerhard. "Transudative Chylothorax In Severe Pulmonary Hypertension And Right Side Heart Failure." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a1478.
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