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Journal articles on the topic 'Transungual Drug Delivery'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Shikha, Rashmi, Dheeraj Bisht, Manoj Bhardwaj, and Manoj Bisht. "Formulation and Evaluation of Terbinafine HCL loaded Nanoparticles for Transungual delivery of drug in Fungal infection." Journal of Neonatal Surgery 14, no. 28S (2025): 383–402. https://doi.org/10.63682/jns.v14i28s.6615.

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In this review we mainly concern about the transungual delivery of drug to treat nail infection which is caused by the infection of a fungus. Transungual drug delivery is regarded as a very desirable treatment for various diseases in nail treatment due to its localized effects, which promote adherence while causing less unfavorable systemic effects. The nail is one of the toughest portions of the human body, and the nail plate presents a challenging barrier for drugs moiety to pass through . Topical medication delivery treatment is useful for treating numerous nail problems since it has locali

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Jeremiah, M. Christi* Chintan Aundhia Avinash Seth Nirmal Shah Dip Kondhia Snehal Patel. "REVIEW ON TRANSUNGUAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 07, no. 09 (2017): 686–706. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1036583.

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Topical therapy is highly desirable in treating nail disorders due to its localized effects, which results in minimal adverse systemic events and possibly improved adherence. The absorption of drugs into the nail unit, to the nail plate, is highly desirable to treat nail disorders; however, the effectiveness of topical therapies is limited by minimal drug permeability through the nail plate. Nail permeability is however quite low and limits topical therapy to early/mild disease states such as onychomycosis (fungal infections of the nail). Current research on nail permeation that focuses on alt

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3

Shivakumar, H. N., Abhishek Juluri, B. G. Desai, and S. Narasimha Murthy. "Ungual and Transungual drug delivery." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 38, no. 8 (2011): 901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2011.637931.

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4

Shivakumar, H. N., M. A. Repka, and S. Narasimha Murthy. "Transungual drug delivery: an update." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 24, no. 3 (2014): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-2247(14)50049-4.

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5

Elkeeb, Rania, Ali AliKhan, Laila Elkeeb, Xiaoying Hui, and Howard I. Maibach. "Transungual drug delivery: Current status." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 384, no. 1-2 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.002.

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Gaddime, Sonali B. Nagoba Shivappa N.* Suryawanshi S. R. Vijayendra Swamy S. M. "REVIEW ON TRANSUNGUAL: A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 06, no. 01 (2019): 918–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2538345.

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<em>The nail disorders are mainly due to fungal infection. When the drug is given through oral or systemic route, the potency of drugs gets decreased at the site of action. To avoid this loss of drug potency topical route of administration is used. This review is mainly about transungual drug delivery which means transfer of drug across the keratinized nails to treat nail fungal diseases and increasing bioavailability of various drugs used for nail diseases. Nail diseases are mainly caused by fungal infections; fungi are most responsible for nail diseases. So treatment of such infections is no

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7

Nair, Anroop B., Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab, Jigar Shah, et al. "Constant Voltage Iontophoresis Technique to Deliver Terbinafine via Transungual Delivery System: Formulation Optimization Using Box–Behnken Design and In Vitro Evaluation." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 10 (2021): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101692.

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Topical therapy of antifungals is primarily restricted due to the low innate transport of drugs through the thick multi-layered keratinized nail plate. The objective of this investigation was to develop a gel formulation, and to optimize and evaluate the transungual delivery of terbinafine using the constant voltage iontophoresis technique. Statistical analysis was performed using Box–Behnken design to optimize the transungual delivery of terbinafine by examining crucial variables namely concentration of polyethylene glycol, voltage, and duration of application (2–6 h). Optimization data in ba

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Nair, Anroop B., Bandar Aldhubiab, Jigar Shah, et al. "Design, Development, and Evaluation of Constant Voltage Iontophoresis for the Transungual Delivery of Efinaconazole." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 5 (2023): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051422.

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The efficacy of topical antifungal therapy in onychomycosis has been hindered by the failure of the antimycotic to permeate the nail plate. This research aims to design and develop a transungual system for the effective delivery of efinaconazole utilizing constant voltage iontophoresis. Seven prototype drug-loaded hydrogel formulations (E1–E7) were prepared to assess the influence of solvent (ethanol) and cosolvent (Labrasol®) on transungual delivery. Optimization was performed to evaluate the effect of three independent variables; voltage, solvent-to-cosolvent ratio, and penetration enhancer

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Bharti, Lohani *and Ganesh Kumar. "MEDICATED NAIL LACQUERS – FOR EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF NAIL DISORDERS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 03 (2018): 1392–403. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1197498.

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Transungual drug delivery system is related with the drug delivery over the nail, which is hard because of presence of keratin network into the nail. So in this review mainly concentrated on drug delivery over nail by using nail lacquer formulations, which containing drug on it .The drug delivery via nail plate is done due to association of several diseases into nail, for e.g. onychomycosis, psoriasis, paronychia, onycholysis .These nail diseases are occurred due to presence of several microorganisms like- several fungi, bacteria, parasites and to cure these diseases of nail, several medicatio

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Chouhan, Pradeep, та T. R. Saini. "Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin: A Novel Transungual Permeation Enhancer for Development of Topical Drug Delivery System for Onychomycosis". Journal of Drug Delivery 2014 (6 серпня 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/950358.

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The treatment of onychomycosis is a challenging task because of unique barrier properties of the nail plate which hampers the passage of antifungal drugs in a concentration required to eradicate the deeply seated causative fungi in the nail bed. In present investigation, application of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was established as an effective and nail friendly transungual drug permeation enhancer especially for poorly water soluble drugs using terbinafine hydrochloride as a poorly soluble drug. HP-β-CD significantly improves hydration of nail plates and increases solubility of ter

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11

Thatai, P., and B. Sapra. "Transungual delivery: deliberations and creeds." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 36, no. 5 (2014): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12142.

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12

Cordoba Díaz, Damian, Marta Losa Iglesias, Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo, and Manuel Cordoba Diaz. "Transungual Delivery of Ciclopirox Is Increased 3–4-Fold by Mechanical Fenestration of Human Nail Plate in an In Vitro Model." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 1 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11010029.

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Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of nails that is widespread and difficult to treat because of the impermeable nature of human nails. Topically applied anti-fungal agents cannot penetrate this structure, and treatment regimens often resort to systemic antifungals with concomitant side effects. One recent clinical study suggested that mechanical fenestration of the nail using an intelligent nail drill might be a possible solution to this problem. In this work, an in vitro model of the transungual delivery of antifungal agents is presented, which utilizes real nail tissue and an inline flow s

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13

BHATTACHARJEE, BEDANTA, NIKITA DEY, DHUNUSMITA BARMAN, ARKA KARMAKAR, and NASIMA AHMED. "Understanding the drug delivery through nails: a comprehensive review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 4 (2021): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i4.4941.

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The nail unit is the largest cutaneous musculo-skeletal appendage. The management of nail disorders is an onerous task owing to the disease manifestations and anatomical structure of the nail plate. The topical treatment of nail infections/disorders has been a centerpiece of nail research in the past few decades as it offers a much safer and focused alternative to conventional oral therapy. However, transungual delivery had its challenges. This necessitated a lookout for novel approaches that enhanced treatment efficacy and reduced treatment time. Moreover, curing the nail condition using topi

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Šveikauskaitė, Indrė, and Vitalis Briedis. "Potential of Naftifine Application for Transungual Delivery." Molecules 25, no. 13 (2020): 3043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133043.

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Naftifine is used to treat fungal skin infections as it inhibits dermatophytes, which are the cause of onychomycosis. However, naftifine’s ability to permeate the human nail barrier has not been investigated, thus, the antimycotic potential is not clearly established. This work aims to evaluate the effect of penetration enhancing factors on the accumulation of naftifine hydrochloride through human nail clippings. Naftifine polymeric nail lacquers with Eudragit RL100 were developed as a suitable delivery system. Low penetration of naftifine into nail has been determined as less than 10% of appl

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15

Vishal Verma. "Development and Evaluation of Antifungal Lacquer for Enhanced Transungual Drug Delivery." Knowledgeable Research A Multidisciplinary Journal 4, no. 05 (2025): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.57067/g2sjhn98.

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Onychomycosis, a mycotic nail infection caused primarily by dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophyte molds, is an endemic condition in 5-10% of the world population. The tightly keratinous nature of the nail plate and its relatively slow growth rate constitute a significant barrier to effective drug delivery. Traditional treatment with oral antifungals and topical creams is often restricted by systemic toxicities, poor penetration of nails, and low patient compliance. Antifungal lacquers are a new choice with controlled drug delivery, sustained release, and improved patient compliance. The r

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16

Puri, Vinam, Riya Savla, Kevin Chen, Keyaara Robinson, Amitkumar Virani, and Bozena Michniak-Kohn. "Antifungal Nail Lacquer for Enhanced Transungual Delivery of Econazole Nitrate." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 10 (2022): 2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102204.

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The fungal disease of the nail, onychomycosis, which is also the most prevalent nail disturbance, demands effective topical treatment options considering the possible adverse effects of systemic antifungal therapy. The current work is focused on development of an adhesive and resistant, drug-delivering and permeation-enhancing polymeric film containing econazole nitrate (ECN) for topical antifungal treatment. The development of the lacquer formulation was guided by the Quality by Design approach to achieve the critical quality attributes needed to obtain the product of desired quality. Eudragi

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Nair, Anroop B., Siva Ram Kiran Vaka, and S. Narasimha Murthy. "Transungual delivery of terbinafine by iontophoresis in onychomycotic nails." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 37, no. 10 (2011): 1253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2011.568946.

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18

Chatur, V., S. Dhole, and N. Kulkarni. "Antifungal Niosomal Nail Lacquer for Enhanced Transungual Delivery of Efinaconazole in the Treatment of Onychomycosis." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 02 (2024): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.14.2.43.

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Niosomes, multilamellar vesicles, efficiently transfer active substances into the epidermis or systemic circulation. Topical medication delivery techniques increase skin permeability to active compounds. Onychomycosis, a common nail ailment caused by fungus, requires efficient topical therapies due to the risks of systemic antifungal therapy. This research aimed to make a nail polish with efinaconazole (EFN) to treat onychomycosis. The spherical Niosomes contained efinaconazole and had a 100 to 130 nm diameter. In the 24-hour in-vitro experiment, drug trapping ranged from 40 to 90% and release

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19

Ullah, Kamran Hidayat, Faisal Raza, Syed Mohsin Munawar, et al. "Poloxamer 407 Based Gel Formulations for Transungual Delivery of Hydrophobic Drugs: Selection and Optimization of Potential Additives." Polymers 13, no. 19 (2021): 3376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193376.

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The current study aimed to develop poloxamer 407 (P407) gel for transungual delivery of antifungal hydrophobic drugs with sufficient gel strength and drug loading. Gel strength and drug loading of P407 gel was improved by use of functional additives. Hydration enhancement effect was used to select optimum nail penetration enhancer. Face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) was used to observe the effect of the selected penetration enhancer (thioglycolic acid (TGA)) and cosolvent (ethanol) on gelation behavior to develop formulation with enough loading of hydrophobic drug, i.e., terbinafin

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20

Šveikauskaitė, Indrė, Alius Pockevičius, and Vitalis Briedis. "Potential of Chemical and Physical Enhancers for Transungual Delivery of Amorolfine Hydrochloride." Materials 12, no. 7 (2019): 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071028.

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Topical monotherapy of nail infection is limited by poor drug permeability into the human nail plate. Numerous substances and methods are applied to improve the antifungal agent delivery across the nail plate. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of chemical and physical enhancers on the accumulation and permeation of amorolfine hydrochloride through human nail clippings. Polymeric nail lacquers with Eudragit E100 were developed as a potentially suitable delivery system for amorolfine hydrochloride. Incorporating thioglycolic acid and urea into formulations provided increased accumulation of

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21

Singh, Preeti. "Enhanced Medicated Lacquer Formulation for Managing Psoriatic Nail Disease." International Journal of Medical Science And Diagnosis Research 9, no. 1 (2025): 6–18. https://doi.org/10.32553/ijmsdr.v9i1.1050.

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Nail psoriasis often requires prolonged treatment, with frequent relapses being common. Effective management typically involves extended therapy, as oral anti-psoriatic medications can pose a risk of liver toxicity as a notable side effect. Alternative treatments include monthly corticosteroid injections into the nail folds. Topical therapies, such as medicated nail lacquers, offer the advantage of targeted drug delivery directly to the affected area, reducing systemic exposure and minimizing potential adverse effects. However, a significant challenge is achieving effective drug penetration th

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Thatai, P., A. K. Tiwary, and B. Sapra. "Progressive development in experimental models of transungual drug delivery of anti-fungal agents." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 38, no. 1 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ics.12230.

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23

Ullah, Kamran Hidayat, Faisal Rasheed, Iffat Naz, et al. "Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded Poloxamer 407 Gel for Transungual Delivery of Terbinafine HCl." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (2022): 2353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112353.

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The current study aimed to develop chitosan nanoparticles (CSNP) loaded poloxamer 407 (P407) gel formulation for transungual delivery of terbinafine HCl (TBN). TBN-CSNP were prepared by nanoprecipitation method and optimized by face-centered central composite design (FCCCD). Optimized TBN-CSNP formulation exhibited a spherical shape with hydrodynamic diameter; zeta potential and entrapment efficiency (EE) of 229 ± 5 nm; 37 ± 1.5 mV; and 75 ± 2% respectively. The solid state of TBN and its compatibility with formulation ingredients were confirmed through XRD and FTIR analysis respectively. TBN-

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Dhamoon, Rupinder K., Ramesh K. Goyal, Harvinder Popli, and Madhu Gupta. "Luliconazole-Loaded Thermosensitive Hydrogel as Aqueous based Nail Lacquer for the Treatment of Onychomycosis." Drug Delivery Letters 9, no. 4 (2019): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303109666190520081552.

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Background: Onychomycosis is a nail fungal infection which accounts for 50% of the nail diseases and is characterized by disfigurement and discoloration of nails. The current therapy includes oral and topical formulations both of which come with their own drawbacks. This has left a room for developing patient- compliant novel strategies which can facilitate drug delivery deeper into the nails effectively. Objective: The main objective of the present work was to develop and evaluate in situ gelling thermosensitive hydrogel as an aqueous nail lacquer for the treatment of onychomycosis. The idea

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Lalit, Sharma, Mehan Navneet, Chouhan Ritika, et al. "Current review on nail drug delivery system and their future perspectives." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (2024): 337–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13789840.

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Human nails are not only beautiful and protective, but they may also be utilized as a vehicle for drug delivery, particularly in the treatment of nail disorders such as psoriasis and onychomycosis. Even though nails develop at a somewhat moderate rate, their highly keratinized structure presents unique opportunities and challenges for medication penetration. Achieving therapeutic doses might be difficult even with topical pharmaceutical delivery, which offers advantages like non-invasiveness and customized effect. Many physical and chemical methods, such as acid etching and permeation enhancer

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Nair, Anroop B., Srinivasa M. Sammeta, Siva Ram K. Vaka, and S. Narasimha Murthy. "A study on the effect of inorganic salts in transungual drug delivery of terbinafine." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 61, no. 4 (2009): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/jpp.61.04.0003.

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Nair, Anroop B., Srinivasa M. Sammeta, Siva Ram K. Vaka, and S. Narasimha Murthy. "A study on the effect of inorganic salts in transungual drug delivery of terbinafine." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 61, no. 4 (2009): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/jpp/61.04.0003.

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Lalit Sharma, Navneet Mehan, Ritika Chouhan, et al. "Current review on nail drug delivery system and their future perspectives." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (2024): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.19.1.0444.

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Human nails are not only beautiful and protective, but they may also be utilized as a vehicle for drug delivery, particularly in the treatment of nail disorders such as psoriasis and onychomycosis. Even though nails develop at a somewhat moderate rate, their highly keratinized structure presents unique opportunities and challenges for medication penetration. Achieving therapeutic doses might be difficult even with topical pharmaceutical delivery, which offers advantages like non-invasiveness and customized effect. Many physical and chemical methods, such as acid etching and permeation enhancer

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29

Behera, Amulyaratna, Yashwant Giri, Barsha Priyadarshini, et al. "Design and development of Amphotericin-B loaded transungual drug delivery system for the effective management of onychomycosis." Journal of Research in Pharmacy 29, no. 1 (2025): 210–21. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1634605.

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The present research aims to formulate and evaluate the emulgel containing different penetration enhancers for the transungual delivery of Amphotericin B (AmB). Amphotericin B is a widely used antifungal agent in treating infections caused by Candida, Aspergillus, and Fusarium, which are also responsible organisms for onychomycosis. The emulsions were prepared using the fusion method of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and distilled water. The formulated emulsions were homogenized with a high-speed homogenizer to reduce globule size and incorporated into the gel base of different concentrations

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Aggarwal, Rohan, Monika Targhotra, P. K. Sahoo, and Meenakshi K. Chauhan. "Efinaconazole nail lacquer for the transungual drug delivery: Formulation, optimization, characterization and in vitro evaluation." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 60 (December 2020): 101998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101998.

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Mahtab, Asiya, Mohammed Anwar, Neha Mallick, Zrien Naz, Gaurav K. Jain, and Farhan J. Ahmad. "Transungual Delivery of Ketoconazole Nanoemulgel for the Effective Management of Onychomycosis." AAPS PharmSciTech 17, no. 6 (2016): 1477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-016-0488-0.

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Almuqbil, Rashed M., Nagaraja Sreeharsha, and Anroop B. Nair. "Formulation-by-Design of Efinaconazole Spanlastic Nanovesicles for Transungual Delivery Using Statistical Risk Management and Multivariate Analytical Techniques." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 7 (2022): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14071419.

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As regulatory and technical landscapes for pharmaceutical formulation development are rapidly evolving, a risk-management approach using multivariate analysis is highly essential for designing a product with requisite critical quality attributes (CQA). Efinaconazole, a newly approved poorly water-soluble antifungal triazole drug has poor permeability. Spanlastics, new-generation surfactant nanovesicles, being fluidic, help improve the permeability of drugs. Therefore, we optimized efinaconazole spanlastics using the concepts of Formulation-by-Design (FbD) and explored the feasibility of transu

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Šveikauskaitė, Indrė, and Vitalis Briedis. "Effect of Film-Forming Polymers on Release of Naftifine Hydrochloride from Nail Lacquers." International Journal of Polymer Science 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1476270.

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The successful topical therapy of onychomycosis depends on effective drug release and penetration into nail, which can be achieved by using an adequately developed delivery system. This study evaluated and compared effect of film-forming polymers Eudragit RL100, Eudragit RS100, and ethyl cellulose on naftifine hydrochloride release from experimental nail lacquer formulations. Quality of formulations was evaluated by determining drying time and water resistance. Interactions between active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients were investigated using microcalorimetry and FT-IR. Optimization

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Tampucci, Silvia, Eleonora Terreni, Erica Zucchetti, Susi Burgalassi, Patrizia Chetoni, and Daniela Monti. "Formulations Based on Natural Ingredients for the Treatment of Nail Diseases." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 5 (2020): 556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200122150248.

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Nail is a strong and resistant structure, characterized by a low permeability to foreign molecules. Nails can be subjected to many diseases, among which fungal infections (e.g. onchomycosis) are the most common and responsible for nail structure alteration. Many formulations have been produced for the delivery of active ingredients to treat nail disorders, based on newly synthesized active molecules or containing chemical enhancers or chemically-modified polymers able to improve the drug transungual penetration. To avoid permanent alterations of the nail structure due to the use of chemical co

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Pal, Paulami, R. S. Thakur, Subhabrata Ray, and Bhaskar Mazumder. "Design and development of a safer non-invasive transungual drug delivery system for topical treatment of onychomycosis." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 41, no. 7 (2014): 1095–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639045.2014.931966.

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Patel, Mayur M., and Zeal M. Vora. "Formulation development and optimization of transungual drug delivery system of terbinafine hydrochloride for the treatment of onychomycosis." Drug Delivery and Translational Research 6, no. 3 (2016): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13346-016-0287-x.

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Cutrín-Gómez, Elena, Soledad Anguiano-Igea, M. Delgado-Charro, José Gómez-Amoza, and Francisco Otero-Espinar. "Effect on Nail Structure and Transungual Permeability of the Ethanol and Poloxamer Ratio from Cyclodextrin-Soluble Polypseudorotaxanes Based Nail Lacquer." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 3 (2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10030156.

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Aqueous-based nail lacquers have shown potential in promoting the diffusion of drugs into the nail. In our laboratory, we have recently developed a transungual delivery system based on an aqueous dispersion of cyclodextrin-poloxamer soluble polypseudorotaxanes, supramolecular host−guest assemblies that improves the drug permeation into the nail. However, the high-water content and the rheological and adhesive properties of this lacquer negatively affect properties that play a fundamental role in the patients’ acceptance such as stickiness, nail film formation or drying rate, properties. In thi

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Vaishnavi, Wazulkar* Ankita Jadhav Swati Deshmukh. "Formulation And Evaluation of Herbal Nail Lacquer for Treatment of Onychomycosis." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 5 (2025): 2171–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15398260.

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Nails are the hard and durable epidermal. The nail plate is responsible for the penetration of the drug across it. There is the number of formulations with antifungal agents viz. gels, creams, and oral antifungal for the treatment of transungual infections. Among these entire nail lacquers is a new concept in treating nail infections. These nail lacquers are effective as monotherapy in the treatment of superficial, distal, and subungual diseases. The medicated lacquer preparations are generally used in fungal diseases. Use of this system avoids oral toxicity of antifungal drugs. It is associat

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Khattab, Abeer, and Samia Shalaby. "Optimized Ciclopirox-Based Eudragit RLPO Nail Lacquer: Effect of Endopeptidase Enzyme as Permeation Enhancer on Transungual Drug Delivery and Efficiency Against Onychomycosis." AAPS PharmSciTech 19, no. 3 (2017): 1048–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-017-0917-8.

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Tiwary, Ashok K., and Bharti Sapra. "High failure rate of transungal drug delivery: need for new strategies." Therapeutic Delivery 8, no. 5 (2017): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/tde-2016-0090.

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Kumar, Shivam, Hiralal Prajapati, and Tarun Parashar. "Prospective of Nail Lacquer in Nanoparticles for Transungal Delivery of Antifungal." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XII, no. V (2025): 280–86. https://doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2025.120500022.

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Onychomyosis is a difficult-to-treat fungal infection of the nails that frequently results in thickness and discolouration of the afflicted nail plate. Dermatophytes are the main cause of this illness. While oral medicines frequently result in systemic side effects and drug interactions, inadequate nail penetration has hindered the development of effective topical remedies. An important development in dermatology is the use of nail lacquer based on nano formulations to administer antifungals, including amorolfine, both transungally and subungally. It has been shown that amorofline can pierce h

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Verma, Surajpal, Kajol, Vivek Yadav, et al. "Overview of the Current Advancements and Trends in the Transungual Drug Delivery System." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 20 (March 6, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570180820666230306140637.

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Background: Drug delivery across human nails is termed a transungual drug delivery system. It is recommended for the amelioration of nail disorders and infectious nail diseases like onychomycosis. Thereby, vivid anti-fungal regimens have been prescribed in the form of different types of formulations, including nail lacquers, nail film, nail paint, and other types for treating onychomycosis. Method: All the formulations currently marketed or being marketed for the transungal drug delivery system were thoroughly studied, compared, and evaluated for their advantages and disadvantages so that a ne

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Jeremiah, M. Christi* Chintan Aundhia Avinash Seth Nirmal Shah Dip Kondhia Snehal Patel. "REVIEW ON TRANSUNGUAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." August 31, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2526839.

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Topical therapy is highly desirable in treating nail disorders due to its localized effects, which results in minimal adverse systemic events and possibly improved adherence. The absorption of drugs into the nail unit, to the nail plate, is highly desirable to treat nail disorders; however, the effectiveness of topical therapies is limited by minimal drug permeability through the nail plate. Nail permeability is however quite low and limits topical therapy to early/mild disease states such as onychomycosis (fungal infections of the nail). Current research on nail permeation that focuses on alt

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Chauhan, Ayushi, Nidhi Nainwal, Mansi Butola, and Vikash Jakhmola. "Exhaustive Review on Nail Lacquer in the Treatment of Nail Diseases." Philippine Journal of Science 152, no. 5 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.56899/152.05.30.

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The delivery of drugs through the transungual route is necessary because many nail diseases such as onychomycosis, psoriasis, paronychia, and onycholysis require topical drug delivery through the nail plate to avoid the systemic side effects of drugs first-pass hepatic metabolism and to provide direct benefits at the site of disease. However, topical delivery is associated with the main drawback of poor permeability of drugs through the nail plate. The nail plate contains tight networks of cross-linked protein (keratin) that provide hardness to the nail. Successful permeation of drugs through

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Sharma, Sonal, Hitesh Chopra, Rakesh Pahwa, Talha B. Emran, and Inderbir Singh. "Novel transungual drug delivery system for treating onychomycosis." International Journal of Surgery Publish Ahead of Print (March 2, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/js9.0000000000000041.

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Kaur, Simran, Mohit Kumar, Amit Bhatia, and Shruti Chopra. "A recent review on transungual drug delivery system." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, April 3, 2024, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2024.2334012.

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Aggarwal, Rohan, Monika Targhotra, Bhumika Kumar, P. K. Sahoo, and Meenakshi K. Chauhan. "Novel Polypseudorotaxanes Hydrogel based Nail Lacquer of Efinaconazole for Transungual Drug Delivery." Drug Delivery Letters 10 (September 18, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303110999200918163213.

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Aim: Due to the various drawbacks associated with current treatment therapy of onychomycosis, the main aim was to develop thermosensitive hydrogels and thermosensitive polypseudorotaxanes hydrogels-based nail lacquer for transungual delivery of Efinaconazole for management of onychomycosis. The objective is to enhance the permeation and retention of the drug in the nails and improve patient compliance. Method: Poloxamer 407 and Hydroxy Propyl -β- cyclodextrin was used to prepare the nail lacquers. 2-mercaptoethanol was added as a penetration enhancer to improve the penetration of the drug acro

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Thampi, Limce, and Gini E J. "In-vitro and In-vivo Characterization of Anti-Onychomycotic Transungual patches - A Systematic Review." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, March 31, 2023, 1527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360x.2023.00250.

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Transungual drug delivery systems distribute therapeutic agents through the human nail, a unique way for delivering medications for nail disorders caused by fungal infections. The human nail is a hydrophilic barrier made up of keratinized cells that cover the nail bed and matrix underneath. For nail diseases, the systemic or oral mode of drug delivery reduces the drug's potency at the site of action. To achieve longer contact duration at the application site, it is necessary to increase drug absorption to the nail unit. The primary goal of this review paper is to provide an overview of charact

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KE, A. TAK. "Transungual (nail) a promising drug Delivery system: a review." International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 8, no. 3 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs.2017.8.3.p341-349.

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Sruthi.S, and Roma Mathew. "FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIFUNGAL LOADED NANOEMULGEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS." February 20, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4553111.

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<em>Nanoemulgel has emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery systems as it has dual release control system i.e nanoemulsion and hydrogel. Nanoemulgel having nanosize (below 200nm) rapidly penetrates and deliver the active substance deeper and quicker. This work was aimed to develop and evaluate nanoemulgel based transungual drug delivery system of poorly water soluble efinaconazole with better drug release for the treatment of onychomycosis. Efinaconazole has been shown to have a more potent antifungal activity in vitro than the most commonly used onychomycosis treatments. The l

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