Academic literature on the topic 'Transverse displacement'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Transverse displacement.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Transverse displacement"
1
Woodward, B., and M. Kashtalyan. "Three-dimensional elasticity analysis of sandwich panels with functionally graded transversely isotropic core." Archive of Applied Mechanics 89, no. 12 (2019): 2463–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00419-019-01589-y.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this paper, three-dimensional elastic deformation of rectangular sandwich panels with functionally graded transversely isotropic core subjected to transverse loading is investigated. An exponential variation of Young’s and shear moduli through the thickness is assumed. The approach uses displacement potential functions for transversely isotropic graded media and a three-dimensional elasticity solution for a transversely isotropic graded plate developed by the authors. The effects of transverse shear modulus, loading localisation, panel thickness and anisotropy on the stresses and displacements in the panel are examined and discussed.
2
Leissa, A. W., and A. M. Saad. "Large Amplitude Vibrations of Strings." Journal of Applied Mechanics 61, no. 2 (1994): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901444.
Full textAbstract:
The study of nonlinear, free, undamped transverse vibrations of a stretched string may be traced back to an equation of motion developed by Kirchhoff more than a century ago. Subsequent studies have typically assumed small slopes and done little to incorporate longitudinal coupling effects. In the present work a new set of coupled equations is derived. These highly nonlinear equations are solved by means of a newly developed Galerkin procedure which determines variations of the transverse and longitudinal displacements in both space and time. Time variation is determined by incremental use of polynomials. Validity of solutions is verified by independent finite difference solutions. Numerical results are presented for three example problems wherein the string is displaced transversely into a half-sine wave, and released from rest. The problems include: (1) moderate strain (ε0 = 0.005) in the straight line equilibrium position and moderate transverse displacement (δ = 0.1L), (2) moderate strain and large displacement (δ = 0.4L), and (3) small strain (ε0 = 10 −5) and moderate displacement. Plots of transverse and longitudinal displacement with time are shown for all three examples. From these plots it is seen that higher modes are generated when only a single mode is initiated, and that the motion is definitely nonperiodic.
3
Takeda, Nobuo, Shinji Ogihara, Satoshi Suzuki, and Akira Kobayashi. "Evaluation of Microscopic Deformation in CFRP Laminates with Delamination by Micro-Grid Methods." Journal of Composite Materials 32, no. 1 (1998): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002199839803200105.
Full textAbstract:
Micro-grid methods were applied to measure displacements in 90° ply in CFRP cross-ply laminates with only transverse cracks or with both transverse cracks and delaminations. The COD (crack opening displacement) of the transverse cracks were also measured. Micro-grids were printed on the specimen edge surfaces by using the photo-lithography technique. The displacement fields of the specimen edge surface obtained from the experiment were compared with McCartney's [1] and Lee et al.'s [2] analyses which predicted the displacement field of a cross-ply laminate with only transverse cracks. Furthermore these analyses were modified to consider the existence of delamination.
4
Zhao, Hanwei, Youliang Ding, Satish Nagarajaiah, and Aiqun Li. "Longitudinal Displacement Behavior and Girder End Reliability of a Jointless Steel-Truss Arch Railway Bridge during Operation." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112222.
Full textAbstract:
The long length and complex service load form conflicts with the low limits of longitudinal and transverse displacements of jointless bridge design. The longitudinal displacements of the Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge, a jointless steel-truss arch railway bridge, and its girder end reliability are investigated in this article. The time–frequency characteristics of the longitudinal displacements of bearings and expansion joints are analyzed using the empirical wavelet transform. The long-term characteristics of the longitudinal displacements of bearings and expansion joints in the operation period are explored. Furthermore, the relative transverse displacements of the bridge girder end are calculated using longitudinal displacement monitoring data. The mechanical behaviors of the expansion device under relative transverse displacements are studied. The reliability of expansion devices and crossing trains under the effects of relative transverse displacements is studied using kernel density estimation. The main results demonstrate that: (1) The longitudinal displacements of bearings and expansion joints are mainly influenced by environmental temperature. (2) The maximum relative transverse displacement of the expansion joint is close to 1 mm in long-term bridge operation, with the transverse rail deflection at the expansion device approaching 1 mm, which reduces the stability of cross high-speed trains.
5
Xia, Yong Jun, and Qian Miao. "Large Deformation Geometric Nonlinear Beam Element Based on U.L. Format." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 3596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.3596.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the geometric deformation of the Euler-Bernoulli beam element, the geometric nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam element based on U.L. formulation is derived. The element’s transverse first-order displacement field is constructed using the cubic Hermite interpolation polynomial, and the first-order Lagrange interpolation polynomial is used for the axial displacement field. Then the additional displacements induced from the rotation of the elemental are included into the transverse and longitudinal displacement fields, so those displacement fields are expressed as the quadratic function of nodal displacement. Afterwards the nonlinear finite element formulas of Euler-Bernoulli beam element under the form of U.L. formulation are derived using Cauchy strain tensor and the principle of virtual displacements. The total equilibrium equation and tangent stiffness for large displacement geometric nonlinear analysis of frame are obtained in the total coordinate system. The correctness of this element is proved by typical example.
6
Patel, Virat, Alexandra Digenakis, and Ernest Leber. "Transverse patellar fracture with displacement." Visual Journal of Emergency Medicine 7 (April 2017): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visj.2016.12.001.
Full text
7
GHUGAL, YUWARAJ M., and ATTESHAMUDDIN S. SAYYAD. "STRESS ANALYSIS OF THICK LAMINATED PLATES USING TRIGONOMETRIC SHEAR DEFORMATION THEORY." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 05, no. 01 (2013): 1350003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825113500038.
Full textAbstract:
A trigonometric shear deformation theory (TSDT) taking into account transverse shear deformation effect as well as transverse normal strain effect is presented. The inplane displacement field uses sinusoidal function in terms of thickness coordinate to include the shear deformation effect. The cosine function in thickness coordinates is used in transverse displacement to include the effect of transverse normal strain. Governing equations and boundary conditions of the theory are obtained using the principle of virtual work. The results of displacements and stresses for static flexure of simply supported symmetric and anti-symmetric cross-ply laminated square plates subjected to parabolic load and line load are obtained. The results obtained by present theory are compared with those of classical, first-order and higher-order plate theories.
8
Khandelwal, R. P., A. Chakrabarti, and P. Bhargava. "A New C0 2D Fe Model Based on Improved Higher Order Zigzag Theory for the Analysis of Soft Core Sandwich Plate." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 18, no. 2 (2013): 395–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2013-0024.
Full textAbstract:
An efficient C0 continuous finite element (FE) model is developed based on a combined theory (refine higher order shear deformation theory (RHSDT) and least square error (LSE) method) for the static analysis of a soft core sandwich plate. In this (RHSDT) theory, the in-plane displacement field for the face sheets and the core is obtained by superposing a global cubically varying displacement field on a zig-zag linearly varying displacement field with a different slope in each layer. The transverse displacement assumes to have a quadratic variation within the core and it remains constant in the faces beyond the core. The proposed model satisfies the condition of transverse shear stress continuity at the layer interfaces and the zero transverse shear stress condition at the top and bottom of the sandwich plate. The nodal field variables are chosen in an efficient manner to circumvent the problem of C1 continuity requirement of the transverse displacements. In order to calculate the accurate through thickness transverse stresses variation, the Least Square Error (LSE) method has been used at the post processing stage. The proposed combined model (RHSDT and LSE) is implemented to analyze the laminated composites and sandwich plates. Many new results are also presented which should be useful for future research.
9
Huang, Hui Rong, Ji Ping Hao, Hai Xia Zhang, and Yi Huang. "Displacement Fundamental Equations and Analysis of Governing Equations of the Circular Moderately Thick Shallow Spherical Shells." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 2071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2071.
Full textAbstract:
Displacement fundamental equations of moderately thick shallow spherical shells in polar coordinates concerning five independent variables, i.e. five middle surface displacements are established, based on the displacement fundamental equations of the moderately thick shells by transverse shearing deformation and basic hypothesis on shallow shells. Four assistant displacement functions are introduced to solve displacement fundamental equations of circular moderately thick shallow spherical shells , which are tenth-order differential equations with variable coefficient, then the decoupled governing differential equations are built up, and five displacement components through four assistant displacement functions are obtained.
10
Jones, Norman. "Damage of Plates due to Impact, Dynamic Pressure and Explosive Loads." Key Engineering Materials 535-536 (January 2013): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.535-536.35.
Full textAbstract:
It is the purpose of this study to present design equations which can be used to predict the damage of ductile plating when subjected to mass impact, dynamic pressure or impulsive loadings. The external loadings are sufficiently severe to produce inelastic material behaviour and produce finite transverse displacement, or geometry change, effects. The damage is characterised as the final or permanent transverse displacement of a plate. The theoretical method predicts values for the maximum permanent transverse displacements which agree reasonably well with the corresponding experimental results generated on aluminium alloy circular, square and rectangular plates. Thus, the equations presented in this article are valuable for preliminary design purposes and for forensic studies, while the experimental data can be used for validating numerical schemes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transverse displacement"
1
Cela, David. "Correlation of bullet dispersion and transverse barrel tip displacement on a firing PHALANX gun system." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA294604.
Full text
2
Arenas, Alfredo Eduardo. "Thermal Response of Integral Abutment Bridges With Mse Walls: Numerical Analyses and a Practical Analysis Tool." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30134.
Full textAbstract:
The advantages of Integral Abutment Bridges (IABs) include reduced maintenance costs and increased useful life spans. However, comprehensive and practical analysis tools for design of IABs have not been developed to account for the impacts of thermal displacements on abutment and foundation components, including the components of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls that are often used around the abutment piling.
During this research, over 65 three-dimensional numerical analyses were performed to investigate and quantify how different structural and geotechnical bridge components behave during thermal expansion and contraction of the bridge deck. In addition, separate three-dimensional numerical models were developed to evaluate the usefulness of corrugated steel pipes around the abutment piles.
The results of this research quantify the influence of design parameter variations on the effects of thermal displacement on system components, and thus provide guidelines for IAB design, where none had existed before. One of the findings is that corrugated steel pipes around abutment piles are not necessary.
One of the most important products of this research is an easy-to-use Excel spreadsheet, named IAB v2, that not only quantifies the impact of thermal displacement in the longitudinal direction, but also in the transverse direction when the abutment wall is at a skew angle to the bridge alignment. The spreadsheet accommodates seven different pile sizes, which can be oriented in weak or strong directions, with variable offset of the abutment from the MSE wall and for variable skew angles. The spreadsheet calculates the increment of displacements, forces, moments, and pressures on systems components due to thermal displacement of IABs.<br>Ph. D.
3
Benmohamed, Fayçal. "Contribution au développement d'une méthode numérique pour étudier des structures planaires hyperfréquences." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES004.
Full textAbstract:
Le travail proposé est le résultat d’une collaboration entre le laboratoire Physique de la matière condensée et nanosciences de Monastir, le laboratoire Laplace de Toulouse et le laboratoire Hubert Curien de Saint-Étienne. Il s’inscrit dans un projet visant à étudier théoriquement la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques dans des dispositifs passifs à base du matériau magnétique anisotrope. La présence d’une couche magnétique dans telle structure a de nombreux avantages : non réciprocité́, performances intéressantes, isolation importante, …Plus précisément, c’est la fabrication des dispositifs non-réciproques tels que les isolateurs et les circulateurs. L’étude théorique d’une telle structure avec plusieurs couches de substrats anisotropes nécessite l’utilisation des logiciels commerciaux. Ces logiciels ont l’avantage de permettre l’étude de structures très complexes, mais ont pour principaux inconvénients leur coût d’achat et capacité́ mémoire nécessaire. C’est pourquoi il est indispensable d’une part de comprendre le comportement des matériaux magnétiques utilisés dans la structure : il s’agit de modéliser le matériau magnétique par un tenseur de perméabilité dépendant de son état d’aimantation. L’objectif de cette thèse est la modélisation électromagnétique par la méthode SDA numérique des structures complexes avec des milieux anisotropes dispersifs. Cette approche, est basé sur le calcul numérique de la fonction de Green spectrale par la méthode de l’opérateur transverse (MOT), sera en mesure d’atteindre un niveau élevé de précision dans la description de l’interaction du signal haute fréquence avec une structure constituée d’un milieu magnétique anisotrope saturé. Les résultats de simulation ont été validés avec d’autres résultats numériques publiés dans la littérature et le logiciel commercial HFSS dans le cas d’une ligne microruban imprimée sur une couche isotrope (diélectrique). Ils ont été numériquement validés avec la littérature pour la même structure mais présence d’un substrat magnétique anisotrope pour différentes directions de polarisation. Ensuite, Ils ont été validés aussi par confrontation avec les résultats expérimentaux pour une ligne coplanaire fabriquée sur un substrat de ferrite-LTCC transversalement aimanté par un champ magnétique statique<br>The work proposed here took place in Hubert Curien Laboratory in collaboration with Laplace Laboratory and Laboratory of Monastir. It is part of a project aiming for the theoretical study of the propagation of the electromagnetic waves inside passive devices fabricated with anisotropic magnetic material. Using a magnetic substrate in such structure has many advantages: non reciprocity, high isolation...More precisely, the fabrication of nonreciprocal de- vice such as isolator and circulator. The numerical study of such structure containing many anisotropic magnetic layers needs to use commercial software. As a principal inconvenience is their purchase cost and their necessary memory capacity. In this case, it is necessary to understand the behavior of the magnetic material used in the structure: it is a question of modeling the magnetic material by a permeability tensor depending on its state of magnetization. The aim of this thesis is the electromagnetic modeling of multilayers structures with complex media using the numerical spectral domain approach. The numerical SDA is based on the numerical computation of the Green’s function with the transverse operator formalism. The numerical results are validated with published numerical data for a microstrip line printed on isotropic or anisotropic magnetic material. They are then compared with an excellent agreement with numerical data provided from software based on the finite elements method (HFSS). For more credibility of our numerical approach, the results of simulation about the complex propagation constant are compared with a good much with measured data for coplanar waveguide fabricated on a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC-ferrite). The validation was done in a large band of frequency from 1 to 12 GHz
4
Kim, Sung-Bong. "Finite displacements of mild steel clamped circular plates struck transversely by a mass." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359029.
Full text
5
ALENCAR, Geisa Guimarães de. "Comparação do efeito da Facilitação Neuromuscular Proprioceptiva e da Estabilização Segmentar Vertebral na dor lombar e nas dimensões dos músculos multífidos e transverso do abdome em pacientes com hérnia de disco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18280.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2017-02-02T16:47:10Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
GEISA GUIMARAES DE ALENCAR.pdf: 2551073 bytes, checksum: 0cec34009ffa04010ce2175cb58b6606 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-02T16:47:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
GEISA GUIMARAES DE ALENCAR.pdf: 2551073 bytes, checksum: 0cec34009ffa04010ce2175cb58b6606 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-07-12<br>O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a efetividade da Facilitação Neuromuscular Proprioceptiva (FNP) e da Estabilização Segmentar Vertebral (ESV) na redução da dor, assim como no aumento nas dimensões dos multífidos e transverso do abdome em indivíduos com hérnia de disco lombar. A pesquisa foi do tipo intervencional, comparativo e controlado, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Participaram indivíduos com idade entre 25 e 50 anos e com hérnia de disco lombar com localização entre L4-L5 e/ou L5-S1, desde que comprovada por ressonância magnética e atestada por um médico. O estudo foi constituído por dois grupos: grupo FNP composto por nove participantes e o grupo de ESV com 12 participantes. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a um exame antropométrico (peso, altura e IMC) e a avaliação da intensidade da dor pela Escala Analógica Visual (EVA) e posteriormente a um exame ultrassonográfico para avaliação do trofismo dos multifidos e do transverso do abdome, através de ultrassom da marca ALOKA 500® e com transdutores de5 MHz e de 7,5 MHz, respectivamente. Cada grupo totalizou 15 atendimentos, sendo realizado por três vezes na semana, com tempo médio de 60 minutos para cada atendimento. No grupo de ESV, a técnica foi executada em três fases: cognitiva, a associativa e a de automatismo. No grupo FNP utilizou-se os padrões: escapular nas diagonais de antero-elevação-póstero-depressão e póstero-elevação-antero-depressão; pélvico na diagonal antero-elevação-póstero-depressão; e de tronco nos movimentos de flexão e extensão, através das técnicas de iniciação rítmica, combinação de isotônicas e reversão dinâmica. Ao final dos 15 atendimentos, todos os instrumentos usados na avaliação foram reutilizados na reavaliação. Nos resultados verificou-se redução da intensidade da dor em todos os participantes, não havendo diferenças entre os grupos após as intervenções (p=0,20), sendo a EVA no final de 1,4 + 1,2 para grupo de ESV e de 2,4 + 2,3 para o grupo FNP. Houve um maior trofismo do transverso do abdome para o grupo ESV (0,9 + 0,1 cm) após a intervenção, quando comparado ao FNP (0,8 + 0,3cm), p=0,02; e uma maior espessura do multífido para o grupo FNP (4,7 + 0,4 cm²) quando comparado ao ESV (3,3 + 0,3 cm), p=0,007. Sendo assim, o estudo mostrou que os dois protocolos são efetivos para a melhora da dor e para o aumento das dimensões dos músculos estabilizadores lombares, porém a ESV se mostrou mais efetiva para o recrutamento do transverso do abdome e a FNP para os multífidos. No entanto, esse resultado precisa ser melhor investigado em relação a persistência a longo prazo.<br>The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and stabilization Segmental Vertebral (ESV) in reducing pain, as well as increasing the size of the multifidus and transversus abdominis in patients with lumbar disc herniation. The research was the interventional type, comparative and controlled, approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Pernambuco. Participated in individuals aged between 25 and 50 years and with lumbar disc herniation with location between L4-L5 and / or L5-S1, since confirmed by MRI and certified by a doctor. The study consisted of two groups: FNP group of nine participants and the ESV group with 12 participants. The subjects underwent an anthropometric examination (height, weight and BMI) and the assessment of pain intensity by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and later to a ultrasonography examination for tropism assessment of the multifidus and transversus abdominis through ultrasound the ALOKA 500® brand and transducers de5 MHz and 7.5 MHz, respectively. Each group totaled 15 sessions, being held three times a week, with an average time of 60 minutes for each service. In the ESV group, the technique was performed in three phases: cognitive, associative and the automatism. In the PNF group standards were used: scapular on the diagonals of anterior-elevation-depression posterolateral and posteromedial high-anterior-depression; pelvic diagonal high-anterior-posterior-depression; and the trunk flexion and extension, through the rhythmic initiation techniques, isotonic and dynamic combination of reversal. At the end of the 15 sessions, all instruments used in the evaluation were reused in the revaluation. These results indicate a reduction in pain intensity for all participants, with no differences between groups after the intervention (p = 0.20), the EVA being at the end of 1.4 + 1.2 for ESV group and 2.4 + 2.3 for the FNP group. There was a higher tropism of the transversus abdominis to the ESV group (0.9 + 0.1 cm) after the intervention compared to the FNP (0.8 + 0.3 cm), p = 0.02; and a thickness greater multifidus for FNP group (4.7 ± 0.4 cm²) compared to ESV (3.3 + 0.3 cm) p = 0.007. Thus, the study showed that the two protocols are effective for improving pain and the increase in the size of the lumbar stabilizer muscles, but the ESV was more effective for the transversus abdominis recruitment and PNF for the multifidus. However, this result must be further investigated with regard to long-term persistence.
6
Rios, Clauson Sales do Nascimento. "ImplementaÃÃo de portas lÃgicas atravÃs da modulaÃÃo de pulsos por posiÃÃo (PPM) em filtros acÃstico-Ãpticos sintonizÃveis." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2097.
Full textAbstract:
FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ<br>Nesta dissertaÃÃo foi estudada a aplicaÃÃo do filtro AcÃstico-Ãptico SintonizÃvel (AOTF), com a ModulaÃÃo de Pulsos por PosiÃÃo (PPM), objetivando implementar, utilizando o mÃtodo de Runge-Kutta de 4a ordem, portas lÃgicas (OR-OU e AND-E) Ãpticas operando com pulsos de luz ultracurtos (2ps). Neste trabalho à investigado o desempenho das portas considerando vÃrios comprimentos do filtro ( L) que integra a sua estrutura interna, com o intuito de obter o comprimento de filtro mais adequado para uma operaÃÃo satisfatÃria, em regime dispersivo, nÃo linear, sem perdas e com modulaÃÃo de fase cruzada (XPM). Esta investigaÃÃo à realizada em duas situaÃÃes: primeiramente, sÃo considerados filtros com automodulaÃÃo de fase (SPM) e GVD (dispersÃo da velocidade de grupo). Em um segundo momento, as mesmas portas sÃo obtidas com efeitos SPM, XPM e GVD agindo juntos no AOTF. Foi observado que para pulsos do tipo sÃliton, os efeitos da dispersÃo, da nÃo linearidade e da modulaÃÃo de fase cruzada exercem juntos uma forte influÃncia na propagaÃÃo do mesmo, provocando a quebra do pulso na saÃda do dispositivo quando utilizamos um comprimento maior para os filtros. Para dispositivos mais curtos, o pulso chaveado apresentou compressÃes e alargamentos temporais e espectrais, bem comodeslocamentos temporais nos dois modo de propagaÃÃo (TE e TM). ApÃs a escolha de um comprimento de filtro adequado, foi selecionado um deslocamento temporal Ãtimo a ser aplicado nos pulsos de entrada para conseguirmos, na saÃda da porta lÃgica, deslocamentos temporais satisfatÃrios (acertos) na aplicaÃÃo da modulaÃÃo PPM. Em seguida, introduzimos fases em um dos pulsos de entrada (TM), provocando um defasamento entre os pulsos TE e TM, reduzindo ainda mais a margem de erro PPM de operaÃÃo das portas. Finalmente, ao analisarmos as fases aplicadas no pulso TM (0 a 2), definirmos o melhor Ãngulo de fase para que as portas operem na regiÃo de acerto da modulaÃÃo PPM.<br>In this dissertation it was studied the application of the Acoustic Optical Tunable Filter
(AOTF), with Pulse Position Modulation (PPM), aiming at to implement, using the method of Runge-Kutta of 4a order, logical gates (OR and AND) optical operating with pulses of light ultra shorts (2ps). In this work the acting of the gates is investigated, considering several lengths of the filter (  L) that integrates your internal structure, with the intention of obtaining the length of more appropriate filter for a satisfactory operation, in dispersion regime, nonlinear, without losses and with Cross Phase Modulation (XPM). This investigation is accomplished in two situations: firstly, filters are considered with Self Phase Modulation (SPM) and GVD (group-velocity dispersion). In a second moment, the same gates are obtained with effects SPM, XPM and GVD, acting together in AOTF. It was observed that for pulses of the type soliton, the effects of the dispersion, of the nonlinearity and of the cross phase modulation exercise together a strong influences in the propagation of the same, provoking the break of the pulse in the exit of the device when we used a larger length for the filters. For shorter devices, the switched pulse presented temporary and spectral compression and spread, as well as, displacement in the time in the two propagation modes (TE and TM). After the choice of a length of appropriate filter, a great temporary displacement was selected to be applied in the input pulses for us to get, in the exit of the logical gate, satisfactory temporary displacements (successes) in the application of the PPM modulation. Soon after, we introduced phases in one of the entrance pulses (TM), provoking a phase displacement among TE and TM pulses, still reducing more the margin of error PPM of operation of the gates. Finally, to the we analyze the applied phases in the pulse TM (0 to 2), we defined the best phase angle for the gates to operate in the success area of the PPM modulation.
7
Lin, Yi-Chin, and 林逸智. "Study on the transverse displacement measurement by uses of the critical angle method and a CCD." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88u9xv.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立虎尾科技大學<br>光電與材料科技研究所<br>98<br>Study on the transverse displacement measurement by uses of the critical angle method and a CCD, the technique based on the critical angle method and the use of the image system of CCD is presented. We used an objective with the NA value of 0.7 and the magnification of 100 to enhance the displacement resolution and utilized the critical angle characteristic of a parallelogram prism to improve its image sensitivity. Then, the image from the CCD is resolved and analyzed using a personal computer and the Matlab program to calculated the transverse displacement. It has some advantage, such as, non-contact, non-destructive, non-interfering, and real-time measurement , low cost and sub-micron resolution.
8
Adepoju, Olaoluwa Opeoluwa. "Scale-up of dispersion for simulation of miscible displacements." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21477.
Full textAbstract:
Dispersion has been shown to degrade miscibility in miscible displacements by lowering the concentration of the injected solute at the displacement fronts. Dispersion can also improve oil recovery by increasing sweep efficiency. Either way, dispersion is an important factor in understanding miscible displacement performance. Conventionally, dispersion is measured in the laboratory by fitting the solution of one-dimensional convection-dispersion equation (CDE) to the effluent concentration from a core flood. However dispersion is anisotropic and mixing occurs in both longitudinal and transverse directions. This dissertation uses the analytical solution of the two-dimensional CDE to simultaneously determine longitudinal and transverse dispersion. The two-dimensional analytical solution for an instantaneous finite volume source is used to investigate anisotropic mixing in miscible displacements. We conclude that transverse mixing becomes significant with large a concentration gradient in the transverse direction and significant local variation in flow directions owing to heterogeneity. We also utilized simulation models similar to Blackwell's (1962) experiments to determine transverse dispersion. This model coupled with the analytical solution for two-dimensional CDE for continuous injection source is used to determine longitudinal and transverse dispersivity for the flow medium. The validated model is used to investigate the effect of heterogeneity and other first contact miscible (FCM) scaling groups on dispersion. We derive the dimensionless scaling groups that affect FCM displacements and determine their impact on dispersion. Experimental design is used to determine the impact and interactions of significant scaling groups and generate a response surface function for dispersion based on the scaling groups. The level of heterogeneity is found to most significantly impact longitudinal dispersion, while transverse dispersion is most significantly impacted by the dispersion number. Finally, a mathematical procedure is developed to use the estimated dispersivities to determine a-priori the maximum grid-block size to maintain an equivalent level of dispersion between fine-scale and upscaled coarse models. Non-uniform coarsening schemes is recommended and validated for reservoir models with sets of different permeability distributions. Comparable sweep and recovery are observed when the procedure was extended to multi-contact miscible (MCM) displacements.<br>text
9
Jacquelin, Louis-Marie. "Interaction of phase behavior, nonuniform flow and transverse mixing in gas-oil displacements /." 2009. http://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/pereports/record_detail.php?filename=jacquelin09.pdf.
Full text
10
Tsai, Yu-Hui, and 蔡玉惠. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Spray Films on Transverse Displacements and Interfacial Stresses subjected to Mechanical Loadings." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52641166491705104911.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>材料與製造工程所<br>97<br>The thermal spray technology gives the advantage of providing fast forming and high quality protective coating on products. This technology can be used to improve the physical or mechanical property of the product surface that extends the product life. The materials which be used with the thermal spray technology include pottery, metal, cermets, macromolecule and composite, etc. In order to optimize the product, the manufacturing parameters need to be adjusted and the new coating technology needs to be developed. Besides, it is more important to understand the mechanical property of the spray product in order to prevent producing defective products during manufacture production and to determine the cause of defects.
The primary study of this thesis is an experiment, which is conducted by combining Dial indicator and four-point bending test to investigate the transverse displacements and interface shearing stress of the spray films coated on a beam sample. Four-point bending test is an approach for measuring transverse deformation of a beam which is under pure bending external loading. Finite element method is used to analyze the transverse deformations and Hsu''s theory is also applied for the theoretical solution. Therefore, a comparison analysis will be conducted on the acquired data to determine the significant relationship between the results from those methods. The theoretical solution method can also be conducted to obtain the interface shearing stress. The results of these analyses can be used during the product''s pre-construction stage to confirm if the spray parameter is in accordance with the quality demand.
The experimental results show that under the different loads, the linear distribution of deformation is similar between the combination of Dial indicator and four-point bending test and the numerical analysis. Through the theoretical solution method of spray films in different loads of the interface shear stress analysis, it can be found that both ends of the coating area are the zones which carry the maximum shearing stress.
Books on the topic "Transverse displacement"
1
Gherlone, Marco. Dynamic shape reconstruction of three-dimensional frame structures using the inverse finite element method. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2011.
Find full text
2
Kudinov, Igor', Anton Eremin, Konstantin Trubicyn, Vitaliy Zhukov, and Vasiliy Tkachev. Vibrations of solids, liquids and gases taking into account local disequilibrium. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1859642.
Full textAbstract:
The monograph presents the results of the development and research of new mathematical models of the processes of vibrations of solids, liquids and gases, taking into account local disequilibrium. To derive differential equations, the Navier—Stokes equations, Newton's second law and modified formulas of the classical empirical laws of Fourier, Hooke, Newton are used, which take into account the velocities and accelerations of the driving forces (gradients of the corresponding quantities) and their consequences (heat flow, normal and tangential stresses). The conditions for the occurrence of shock waves of stresses and displacements in dynamic thermoelasticity problems formulated taking into account relaxation phenomena in thermal and thermoelastic problems are investigated, new results are obtained in the study of longitudinal and transverse vibrations of rods, strings, liquids and gases, and the conditions for the excitation of gas self-oscillations arising from a time-constant heat source are determined.
 It is intended for scientific and technical workers specializing in mathematics, thermophysics, thermoelasticity, as well as teachers and students of technical universities.
Book chapters on the topic "Transverse displacement"
1
Weik, Martin H. "transverse-displacement loss." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20083.
Full text
2
Xue, Song-tao, Y. Sugimura, and M. Izumi. "Wave propagation in elastic pile while considering transverse displacement." In Application of Stress-Wave Theory to Piles. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315137544-26.
Full text
3
Hai, Dapeng, Liangwen Wei, Guoqi Su, et al. "The Close Proximity Impact of a Newly Constructed Large Cross-Section Twin-Arch Tunnel Crossing an Existing Tunnel." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2417-8_15.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWith the Xinsen Avenue Tunnel Project in Chongqing Gaoxin District as the research context, this study investigates the degree of impact on an existing tunnel resulting from the construction of a new twin-arch tunnel that crosses over it. Utilizing finite element analysis methods, the study explores the displacement and stress variation patterns in the existing tunnel following the construction of the new tunnel, considering different clearances, crossing angles, and rock mass grade factors. Additionally, based on a composite discernment criterion involving additional stress and additional displacement, this study establishes longitudinal and transverse impact zones for intersecting tunnels. The research findings reveal that in terms of longitudinal impact, the clearance factor exerts a more substantial influence compared to rock mass grade and crossing angle factors. Regarding transverse impact, the area affected by parallel undercrossing is greater than that of parallel overcrossing, and the impact area is minimized when the new and existing tunnels are in a horizontally side-by-side configuration. The study's conclusions provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the control of construction in similar large cross-section tunnel intersections.
4
Chao, Yi, and Dong Jun. "Research on the Influence of Transverse Limit of Support on Construction Monitoring of Special-Shaped Bridge." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1260-3_13.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn order to understand whether the alignment, internal force and cable force of the special-shaped cable-stayed bridge can still meet the design and code requirements due to the influence of the transverse displacement of the support during the construction process, the transverse displacement of the girder arch system is restricted before the removal of the support. The difference between the measured value and the designed value at each stage of the boom is within ±5%, which meets the design and specification requirements. In this paper, the pedestrian bridge in Anyi County, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province is taken as an example. MADIS/Civil software is used for finite element simulation analysis in the construction stage, and the linear shape, internal force and cable force of the superstructure are monitored. The results show that the measured deformation values of arch ribs and beams meet the design and specification requirements during the whole construction process. The difference between the measured value and the designed value at each stage of the boom is within ±5%, which meets the design and specification requirements.
5
Zhang, Qiang, Bing-Nan Wang, Xiao-Chen Zhang, et al. "Experimental Study of the Load-Deformation Characteristics of Bolted Joints Under Transverse Alternating Loads." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7887-4_100.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract It is of great significance to study the energy dissipation characteristics of bolted joints under transverse alternating loads especially for analyzing the dynamic response of transmission tower structures and enhancing its safety and reliability. In this paper, a combination of finite element simulation and experiments is used. Firstly, the finite element model of bolted joint of transmission tower is established, and the load–displacement curve is obtained by applying transverse alternating load on the end face of angle steel. Afterwards, a fatigue test machine is used to apply cyclic load to six different joints. In this way, the simulation results are verified and the influence of factors such as bolt looseness, number of nuts, presence or absence of washers, loading frequency, and number of bolts on joint energy consumption is given. The results show that the finite element model established in this paper can effectively simulate the loosening and failure of bolts. The energy dissipation characteristics are mainly related to the structural methods of the joints. In the construction of bolted joints effective bolt anti-loosening measures should be taken to improve the energy consumption characteristics of joints.
6
Li, Yongqi, Xia Liu, Yujun Cheng, and Derong Duan. "Vortex-Induced Vibration Analysis of a Two-Degree-of-Freedom Circular Cylinder Under Pulsating Flow." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7887-4_87.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder under pulsating flow was simulated numerically using Ansys software. The beat phenomena were caught and effects of pulsating frequency and pulsating amplitude on vortex-induced vibration were discussed. Results indicated that as the pulsation frequency increases from 0.2 Hz to 0.4 Hz, the multi-frequency phenomenon of cross-flow displacement was obvious, and the trajectory of the cylinder gradually became axisymmetric. As the pulsation amplitude increased from 0.2 to 0.4, the transverse flow amplitude increases significantly from 0.035 to 0.04. and its motion trajectory became more complex. In addition, the lift coefficient and drag coefficient increase by a maximum of 75.14% and 58.70%, respectively. It also provided a basis for vortex-induced vibration of offshore engineering equipment.
7
Imamović, Denis, and Matjaž Skrinar. "Enhanced 1D Analytical Approach for Modeling the Effect of Transverse Cracking on Slender Structural Elements Displacement." In Advanced Structured Materials. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-84346-4_33.
Full text
8
Garrett, Steven L. "String Theory." In Understanding Acoustics. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8_3.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The vibrating string has been employed by nearly every human culture to create musical instruments. Although the musical application has attracted the attention of mathematical and scientific analysts since the time of Pythagoras (570 BC–495 BC), we will study the string primarily because its vibrations are easy to visualize and string vibrations introduce concepts and techniques that will recur throughout our study of the vibration and the acoustics of continua. In this chapter, we will develop continuous mathematical functions of position and time that describe the shape of the entire string. The amplitude of such functions will describe the transverse displacement from equilibrium, y(x, t), at all positions along the string. The importance of boundary conditions at the ends of strings will be emphasized, and techniques to accommodate both ideal and “imperfect” boundary conditions will be introduced. Solutions that result in all parts of the string oscillating at the same frequency which satisfy the boundary conditions are called normal modes, and the calculation of those normal mode frequencies will be a focus of this chapter.
9
Skrinar, Matjaž. "Transverse Displacements of Transversely Cracked Beams with a Linear Variation of Width Due to Axial Tensile Forces." In Advanced Structured Materials. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39062-4_17.
Full text
10
Aksenov, Alexander V. "Symmetries and Fundamental Solutions of Displacement Equations for a Transversely Isotropic Elastic Medium." In Understanding Complex Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96755-4_8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Transverse displacement"
1
Tahamipour-Z., S. Mohammad, S. Yaqubi, and Jouni Mattila. "Computationally Efficient IMU-based Endpoint Position Estimation of a Flexible Manipulator with Transverse and Torsional Displacement Effects." In 2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case59546.2024.10711438.
Full text
2
Chang, Shuo-Hung, and Jann-Fang Lin. "Computer Aided Design of Piezoelectric/Elastic Trimorph Ring Actuator." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dac-8630.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Kirchoff-Love plate theory and electroelasticity theory are combined to formulate the computer aided design model for the trimorph ring actuators. An isotropic elastic ring is laminated between two identical piezoelectric rings to form the trimorph actuator. The inner surface of the actuator is fixed, and the outer surface is free or transversely load. The analytical solutions for the transverse displacement and the force distribution are derived. Numerical simulations for the transverse displacement under free and loaded boundary conditions are conducted. The maximum transverse displacements as functions of the geometry variables such as the thickness ratio and radius ratio are calculated and presented.
3
He, Wenhua, Christian M. Pluchar, Itay Ozer, Allison Rubenok, Dalziel J. Wilson, and Saikat Guha. "Transverse Displacement Sensing with Optimal Structured Illumination." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2023.fth3d.5.
Full textAbstract:
We evaluate the optimal spatial mode for transverse beam displacement sensing with a camera receiver, using Fisher information as a metric. We find that the Long- Baseline Telescope mode significantly outperforms the HG00 mode, for Gaussian-apodized apertures.
4
Taylor, R. J., M. Chung, and F. E. Talke. "Simulation of In-Plane Transverse Displacement of Tape." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63824.
Full textAbstract:
The equations of motion for a thin strip of flexible material are used to describe the in-plane transverse motion of an axially moving magnetic tape in a tape transport. The relative contribution of the tension term compared to the bending stiffness term is analyzed for typical tension values and the frequency range of interest. The bending stiffness term is found to be 10–20 times larger than the tension term in the frequency range of interest in typical tape drives. The full equation of motion for the displacement of a single span of tape between two reels is solved numerically subject to boundary and initial conditions and the result is compared to experimental measurements. The agreement between measurement and numerical simulation is very good.
5
Chonacky, Norman J. "Optical system for remotely monitoring transverse displacements." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.tuf4.
Full textAbstract:
This summary describes a system for remotely monitoring the position, transverse to the line of sight, of an object with retroreflector attached. This sensor system was designed to monitor the azimuthal twist of a 50-m high tower due to the wind. It consists of a corner-cube retroreflector aloft, and a laser transmitter and beam position sensor on the ground. A corner cube, unfilled by an incident collimated beam, produces a collimated reflected beam, collinear with but displaced from that incident beam. The displacement corresponds to the transverse location of the cornercube apex relative to the incident beam. This effect enables the relative displacement of the returned beam to reveal the transverse displacement of the corner cube. The returning collimated beam is partially focused on a quad-cell detector to transduce its transverse location into a pair of electrical signals. Details of this system are described and some of its practical capabilities and limitations are discussed. The tip/tilt effect of the atmosphere is the limiting noise of the system. Measurement results evaluating the sensor performance in the presence of this noise are presented.
6
Kerokoski, Olli. "Determination of Longitudinal and Transverse Railway Track Resistance." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36087.
Full textAbstract:
Several national guidelines set the non-linear horizontal spring values between the railway track and a railway bridge. In Finland that is not the case. Consequently, one of the objectives of the research funded by the Finnish Rail Administration was to determine the spring values both during the elastic phase in the beginning of displacement and during the plastic phase. These values are needed, for example, to calculate the behaviour of an integral bridge-track structure. In autumn 2007 researchers from the Department of Civil Engineering at Tampere University of Technology performed field tests to measure the track resistance at a railway yard in Mellila¨, Finland. The main objectives of the experimental study were 1) to determine the longitudinal track resistance and the load-displacement relation, 2) to compare the measured values to those reported by the International Union of Railways (UIC), and 3) to determine the transverse track resistance and the load-displacement relation. The railway yard had three track test locations, two for longitudinal loading and one for transverse loading. At each location the rails were cut to a length of six to seven metres. During the longitudinal loading the track was loaded with two adjacent hydraulic jacks. Altogether eight longitudinal tests were conducted, three without a vertical load and five with a vertical load. The vertically unloaded track reached the plastic phase due to the axial load. The vertically loaded rails moved axially in their fasteners while the sleepers moved only a little in relation to them. Consequently, the track did not reach the plastic phase. The results of the longitudinal tests were reported as horizontal and vertical displacements and axial rail stresses along the rail at different phases of the axial loading. The results were presented also in tables where initial stage stiffness was presented as an elastic value [kN/m/m] and plastic track resistance in kN/m. The maximum forces per metre affecting the track without a vertical load were 13 to 15 kN/m. The maximum forces per metre affecting the track with a vertical load were 26, 15 and 31 kN/m. During transverse loading the track was loaded horizontally with an excavator bucket. Altogether five loadings with three different arrangements were performed. The loadings clearly caused curvature of the track. The results of the transverse tests were reported as displacements at different locations during different phases of loading.
7
Huo, Furong, Jun Guo, and Wensheng Wang. "Analysis of speckle-pattern interference fringes for transverse or longitudinal displacement." In International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2011. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.900703.
Full text
8
Shimmick, John K., Charles R. Munnerlyn, Terrance N. Clapham, and Marguerite B. McDonald. "Axial and transverse displacement tolerances during excimer laser surgery for myopia." In Optics, Electro-Optics, and Laser Applications in Science and Engineering, edited by Carmen A. Puliafito. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.43973.
Full text
9
Carrera, Erasmo, Pietro Nali, and Salvatore Brischetto. "Hierarchic Plate and Shell Theories with Direct Evaluation of Transverse Electric Displacement." In 50th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2138.
Full text
10
He, Wenhua, and Saikat Guha. "Optimal-classical and quantum-enhanced sensing of a small transverse beam displacement." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jw3a.24.
Full textAbstract:
We evaluate the optimal spatial mode to excite a laser, for estimating a small transverse beam displacement. We also present a quantum-enhanced multi-spatial-mode transmitter, and a path to deriving the optimal multi-mode-entangled squeezed light probe.
Reports on the topic "Transverse displacement"
1
Khan, Asad, Angeli Jayme, Imad Al-Qadi, and Gregary Renshaw. Embedded Energy Harvesting Modules in Flexible Pavements. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/24-008.
Full textAbstract:
Energy from pavements can be harvested in multiple ways to produce clean energy. One of the techniques is electromagnetic energy harvesting, in which mechanical energy from vehicles is captured in the form of input displacement to produce electricity. In this study, a rack-and-pinion electromagnetic energy harvester proposed in the literature as a speed bump is optimized for highway-speed vehicles. A displacement transfer plate is also proposed, with a minimum depth of embedment in the pavement to carry input displacements from passing vehicles and excite the energy harvester. The energy harvester was designed, and kinematic modeling was carried out to establish power–output relations as a function of rack velocity. Sensitivity analysis of various parameters indicated that, for high-speed applications where rack velocities are relatively high, small input excitations could be harnessed to achieve the rated revolutions per minute (RPM) of the generator. A set of laboratory tests was conducted to validate the kinematic model, and a good correlation was observed between measured and predicted voltages. Dynamic modeling of the plate was done for both recovery and compression to obtain the plate and rack velocities. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the plate was designed for a class-9 truck with wide-base tires moving at 128 km/h. Design and layout of the energy harvester with a displacement transfer plate was proposed for field validation. The energy harvester with the displacement plate could be integrated with transverse rumble strips in construction zones and near diversions. Hence, it could be used as a standalone system to power roadside applications such as safety signs, road lights, speed cameras, and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) systems.
2
Hart, James, Nasir Zulfiqar, and Carl Popelar. L52289 Use of Pipeline Geometry Monitoring to Assess Pipeline Condition. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010254.
Full textAbstract:
Describes an algorithm is developed for deducing the longitudinal or axial strain from geometry pig measurements of a laterally displaced pipeline; often caused by geohazards. The development is limited to those lateral displacements of the pipeline that results in a predominantly transverse loading; i.e., the induced transverse component of the loading is much greater than its axial component. The emphasis is upon evaluating inelastic straining that accompanies large lateral displacement of the pipeline. The induced extensional strain is found to vary linearly with the change in curvature of the pipeline. The validity of the approach is established through favorable comparisons of the predictions for the extensional strains with those determined from buried pipeline finite element simulations of various displaced pipe configurations, pipe geometries, and loading amplitudes. Since the algorithm relies only upon measurements of the geometry of the displaced pipeline, it is independent of the pipe's and soil's material properties, pipe-soil interaction, and the loading conditions. Benefit: The efficacy of the algorithm is demonstrated by performing a large matrix of finite element simulations of displaced pipelines of different geometries subjected to block subsidence, landslides intersecting the pipeline at varying angles, fault crossings at different angles and different loading states, and comparing the analytical strains with the strains deduced from digital pig measurements of the curvature of the deformed pipeline. In this regard, the finite element simulations serve the role of surrogate geometry pig measurements. These comparisons are used to establish the resolution of the change in curvature measurement required of a geometry pig to produce a reliable estimate for the longitudinal strain in a displaced pipeline. An error analysis is also performed to establish the relative error as a function of the curvature measurement gage length, a characteristic feature-length, and the abruptness of the displaced shape of the pipeline.
3
Dinovitzer. L52303 Development of Techniques to Assess the Long-Term Integrity of Wrinkled Pipeline. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010332.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the project was to develop a numerical model than may be used to predict the wrinkle formation and post formation behavior of a pipeline considering the effect of soil confinement and define the specifications for the development of a comprehensive wrinkle integrity assessment process. The result of this research is the development of wrinkle assessment techniques that could be used directly or could be used to codify maintenance guidelines. This project focused specifically on the pipe soil interaction modeling wrinkle formation as a result of the relative movement of the pipe and soil. The structural model developed and validated in this program and previous work could be applied to wrinkle bends, however, this issue is not specifically addressed in this report. In addition, the project development efforts focused on the monotonic soil interaction event of idealized (e.g., no secondary degradation like corrosion features) pipe segments. The project completed a critical review of existing structural and soil modelling techniques to identify the most suitable technologies for this application. The soil-pipe interaction under soil movement was found to be best represented using the LS-DYNA Multi-material Eulerian technique which permitted the application of a number of suitable soil constitutive models. This analysis tool permitted the consideration of a range of soil types and large soil displacements. Having defined the most suitable tool set, several pipe soil interaction models were developed. These models were used to illustrate the types of analyses that could be completed and the capabilities of the models to illustrate the sensitivity of the scenario loads, displacements to changes in soil, pipe and other parameters. The modeling results were discussed to demonstrate that their trends and results were in line with intuitive assumptions and engineering judgment. Additional models were developed to simulate large scale pipe-soil interaction laboratory test programs. The results of the simulated test programs were compared with the laboratory results as an initial validation of the modeling techniques and tools. The simulated soil displacement patterns, pipe strains and pipe displacement were shown to agree well with experimental results and as such illustrated the ability of the models to reproduce idealized pipe-soil interaction events. Full-scale soil displacement events were modeled to illustrate the application of the modeling tools to forecast or predict the effects of axial and transverse soil movements on buried pipeline segments. These results were used to illustrate the methods and assumptions inherent in the application of the modeling tools to predict soil loading on pipeline systems.
4
Murray, J. J., T. Fieguth, and S. Kheifets. Dispersive effects of transverse displacements of SLC Arc magnets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5433793.
Full text
5
Fieguth, T., S. Kheifets, and J. J. Murray. Dispersive effects of transverse magnet displacements in rolled arc achromats. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5224984.
Full text
6
Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay, and Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.
Full textAbstract:
Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.