Academic literature on the topic 'Transverse magnetic (TM) polarization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Transverse magnetic (TM) polarization"
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Salih, Salwa, and Shelan Tawfeeq. "Performance Study of Polarization Beam Splitters Based on Horizontal Slot Waveguide Operating at 700nm Wavelength." Iraqi Journal of Laser 22, no. 1 (2023): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31900/ijl.v22i1.391.
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Abstract: Polarization beam splitter (PBS) integrated waveguides are the key components in the receiver of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. Their function is to analyze the polarization of polarized light and separate the transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarizations into different waveguides. In this paper, a performance study of polarization beam splitters based on horizontal slot waveguide has been investigated for a wavelength of . PBS based on horizontal slot waveguide structure shows a polarization extinction ratio for quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes larger than with insertion loss below and a bandwidth of . Also, the fabrication tolerance of the structure is analyzed.
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Lee, Chee-Wei. "A Review of Polarization Dependence Applications for Asymmetric Waveguides Vertical Couplers in Compound Semiconductor Indium Phosphide." International Journal of Optics 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/164023.
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This paper reviews and presents a coherent approach to the design of compact vertical coupler (VC) in InP-based compound semiconductor with variable polarization dependence. As a polarization-independent (PI) coupler, the VC is shown to transfer light with more than 90% efficiency for both transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarizations. As a polarization-mode splitter (PMS), the VC is shown to preferentially couple TE or TM modes with a contrast ratio of up to 20 dB. We further demonstrate the single-mesa VC, which simplifies the fabrication process and potentially could improve the process yield, and its integration with a multimode interferometer (MMI). The versatility makes the VC a compact and useful input-stage device that not only maximizes input/output coupling efficiency to small active devices but also provides a degree of polarization control before the actual device.
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Bordag, M., and I. G. Pirozhenko. "Surface plasmon on graphene at finite T." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 19 (2016): 1650120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979216501204.
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Using the recently developed polarization tensor in [Formula: see text] dimensions for the electronic excitations of graphene, we investigate the influence of temperature on the surface plasmons on graphene. We consider nonzero mass gap, but zero chemical potential. Plasmons may exist for both polarizations, transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM), of the electromagnetic field. For TE, the momentum region, where the dispersion function is real, appears bounded from below, whereas for TM it is bounded from above. We discuss the similarities of these features with those found previously in the case with nonzero chemical potential, but zero temperature.
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Lin, Zefan, Bo Wang, and Chen Fu. "Stack-based grating for wideband polarization splitter in terahertz." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (2021): 125540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac4549.
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Abstract A novel wideband terahertz polarization beam splitter with special diffraction orders working at terahertz band is described in this paper. The polarizer can achieve high diffraction efficiency and uniformity in the 2.50–2.56 THz band. Based on rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and simulated annealing algorithm, we proposed an efficient algorithm to optimize the polarizer. After calculations, 98.45% single-port high-efficiency reflection for transverse electric (TE) polarization and 42.33%/42.57% highly uniform dual-port beam splitting for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization were finally obtained. In addition, through RCWA and simplified modal method, the electromagnetic field distributions of TE and TM polarizations are shown visually and described quantitatively. Moreover, the results displayed in section 3 prove that the grating possesses the characteristics of relatively large bandwidth and insensitivity to the incident angle. Therefore, the novel scheme in this paper has great reference value for the research of terahertz modulation devices and the integration of terahertz communication systems.
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Ataei, Elahe, Mehdi Sharifian, and Najmeh Zare Bidoki. "Magnetized plasma photonic crystals band gap." Journal of Plasma Physics 80, no. 4 (2014): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377814000105.
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In this paper, the effect of the magnetic field on one-dimensional plasma photonic crystal band gaps is studied. The one-dimensional fourfold plasma photonic crystal is applied that contains four periodic layers of different materials, namely plasma1–MgF2–plasma2–glass in one unit cell. Based on the principle of Kronig–Penney's model, dispersion relation for such a structure is obtained. The equations for effective dielectric functions of these two modes are theoretically deduced, and dispersion relations for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves are calculated. At first, the main band gap width increases by applying the exterior magnetic field. Subsequently, the frequency region of this main band gap transfers completely toward higher frequencies. There is a particular upper limit for the magnitude of the magnetic field above which increasing the exterior magnetic field strength doesn't have any significant influence on the dispersion function behavior. (With an increase in incident angle up to θ1= 66°, the width of photonic band gap (PBG) changes for both TM/TE polarization.) With an increase in incident angle up to θ1= 66°, the width of PBG decreases for TM polarization and the width of PBG increases for TE polarization, but it increases with further increasing of the incident angle from θ1= 66° to 89° for both TE- and TM-polarizations. Also, it has been observed that the width of the photonic band gaps changes rapidly by relative difference of the two-plasma frequency. Results show the existence of several photonic band gaps that their frequency and dispersion magnitude can be controlled by the exterior magnetic field, incident angle, and two plasma frequencies. The result of this research would provide theoretical instructions for designing filters, microcavities, fibers, etc.
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Zhang, Jingjing, Zhaojian Zhang, Chao Ma, et al. "Ultra-Compact and Ultra-Broadband Polarization-Insensitive Mach–Zehnder Interferometer in Silicon-on-Insulator Platform for Quantum Internet Application." Photonics 8, no. 10 (2021): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100455.
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Polarization dependence in integrated silicon photonics has a detrimental effect on the manipulation of quantum state with different polarizations in the quantum technology. Those limits have profound implications for further technological developments, especially in quantum photonic internet. Here, we propose a polarization-independent Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure based on a 340 nm-thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The MZI facilitates low loss, broad operating bandwidth, and large tolerance of the fabrication imperfection. We achieve an excess loss of <10% and an extinction radio of >18 in the 100 nm bandwidth (1500∼1600 nm) for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. We numerically demonstrate an interference visibility of 99% and a polarization-independent loss (PDL) of 0.03 for both polarizations at 1550 nm. Furthermore, by using the principle of phase compensation and self-image, we shorten the length of the waveguide taper by almost an order of magnitude with the transmission of >95% for both TE and TM polarizations. Up to now, the proposed structure could significantly improve the integration and promote the development of monolithic integrated quantum internet.
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Sandoval, Karleyda, and A. T. Rosenberger. "Asymmetrical Cross-Polarization Coupling in a Whispering-Gallery Microresonator." Photonics 11, no. 2 (2024): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11020170.
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Cross-polarization coupling between transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) whispering-gallery modes in an optical microresonator produces effects such as coupled-mode induced transparency (CMIT). The detailed analytical theory of this coupling indicates that the TE-to-TM and TM-to-TE couplings may have different strengths. Using an experimental setup centered around a hollow bottle resonator and polarization-sensitive throughput detection, that had been used in previous CMIT experiments, this asymmetry was confirmed and studied. By fitting the throughput spectra of both polarizations to the numerical output of a basic model, the asymmetry parameter defined as the ratio of the coupling amplitudes was determined from the output power in the polarization orthogonal to that of the input. The results of many experiments give a range for this ratio, roughly from 0.2 to 4, that agrees with the range predicted by the detailed theory. An analytical approximation of this ratio shows that the main reason for the asymmetry is a difference in the axial orders of the coupled modes. In some experimental cases, the orthogonal output is not well fitted by the model that assumes a single mode of each polarization, and we demonstrate that this fitting discrepancy can be the result of additional mode interactions.
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Zhao, Ke, Xiao Min Lei, Guo Feng Xie, and Wen Hua Xiong. "Research of High Performance Polarization-Independent Grating Beam Splitter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.481.
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Based on a silicon-on-insulator (Silicon-on-insulator, SOI) material system design and optimization of a high performance, the polarization independent of 1 × 3 subwavelength grating stars beam splitter. By a rigorous coupled-wave analysis method showed that, in the 1550nm wavelength range, at vertical incidence, the device on the transverse electric field (transverse electric, TE) ,the 0 and ± 1 order transmittance is 31%, 32%, 32%,respectively; cross the magnetic field (transverse magnetic, TM), the 0 and ± 1 transmittance is 33%, 32%, 32%, respectively.
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Lei, Danqi, Dae-Hyun Kim, Nasser Babazadeh, David T. D. Childs, and Richard A. Hogg. "Polarization-pinning in substrate emission multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using deep trenches." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 21 (2022): 211102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087166.
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We investigated the stable polarization-pinning properties of substrate emission InGaAs-based 980 nm multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). For the multi-mode 40 um diameter aperture VCSELs, we introduced 30 μm wide, 9 μm depth deep trenches that are 15 μm away from the cavity aperture. The VCSELs with trench structure produced higher transverse-electric (TE) polarized light output power, as compared with transverse-magnetic (TM) polarized light output power, namely, the effective TM polarization suppression was realized. These trench-etched VCSELs exhibited a 7.5 dB orthogonal polarization suppression ratio with 16.8 mW of light output power at 60 mA of current injection. The dominant TE polarization distribution was observed in polarization-resolved near-field images of spontaneous and stimulated emission due to the induced strain by the etched trenches.
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Kaewrawang, Arkom, and Naruemon Wannawong. "Design of Multilayer Polarization Beam Splitters Using Multiobjective Evolutionary and Genetic Algorithms." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.973.
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Multilayer polarization beam splitters (MPBSs) are important optical components in optical communication systems and optical devices. The components of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) light plane wave in MPBSs are separated in different ways. In this paper, the Pareto optimization (multiobjective evolutionary and genetic algorithms) is used to design MPBSs on C-band frequency. The reflectances of TM light plane wave for Pareto optimization are the lowest and zero at the wavelength of 1.535 μm. The degree of polarization for Pareto optimization is the highest at wavelength from 1.528 - 1.54 μm and reaches 100% at wavelength of 1.535 μm.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transverse magnetic (TM) polarization"
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Rios, Clauson Sales do Nascimento. "ImplementaÃÃo de portas lÃgicas atravÃs da modulaÃÃo de pulsos por posiÃÃo (PPM) em filtros acÃstico-Ãpticos sintonizÃveis." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2097.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ<br>Nesta dissertaÃÃo foi estudada a aplicaÃÃo do filtro AcÃstico-Ãptico SintonizÃvel (AOTF), com a ModulaÃÃo de Pulsos por PosiÃÃo (PPM), objetivando implementar, utilizando o mÃtodo de Runge-Kutta de 4a ordem, portas lÃgicas (OR-OU e AND-E) Ãpticas operando com pulsos de luz ultracurtos (2ps). Neste trabalho à investigado o desempenho das portas considerando vÃrios comprimentos do filtro ( L) que integra a sua estrutura interna, com o intuito de obter o comprimento de filtro mais adequado para uma operaÃÃo satisfatÃria, em regime dispersivo, nÃo linear, sem perdas e com modulaÃÃo de fase cruzada (XPM). Esta investigaÃÃo à realizada em duas situaÃÃes: primeiramente, sÃo considerados filtros com automodulaÃÃo de fase (SPM) e GVD (dispersÃo da velocidade de grupo). Em um segundo momento, as mesmas portas sÃo obtidas com efeitos SPM, XPM e GVD agindo juntos no AOTF. Foi observado que para pulsos do tipo sÃliton, os efeitos da dispersÃo, da nÃo linearidade e da modulaÃÃo de fase cruzada exercem juntos uma forte influÃncia na propagaÃÃo do mesmo, provocando a quebra do pulso na saÃda do dispositivo quando utilizamos um comprimento maior para os filtros. Para dispositivos mais curtos, o pulso chaveado apresentou compressÃes e alargamentos temporais e espectrais, bem comodeslocamentos temporais nos dois modo de propagaÃÃo (TE e TM). ApÃs a escolha de um comprimento de filtro adequado, foi selecionado um deslocamento temporal Ãtimo a ser aplicado nos pulsos de entrada para conseguirmos, na saÃda da porta lÃgica, deslocamentos temporais satisfatÃrios (acertos) na aplicaÃÃo da modulaÃÃo PPM. Em seguida, introduzimos fases em um dos pulsos de entrada (TM), provocando um defasamento entre os pulsos TE e TM, reduzindo ainda mais a margem de erro PPM de operaÃÃo das portas. Finalmente, ao analisarmos as fases aplicadas no pulso TM (0 a 2), definirmos o melhor Ãngulo de fase para que as portas operem na regiÃo de acerto da modulaÃÃo PPM.<br>In this dissertation it was studied the application of the Acoustic Optical Tunable Filter
(AOTF), with Pulse Position Modulation (PPM), aiming at to implement, using the method of Runge-Kutta of 4a order, logical gates (OR and AND) optical operating with pulses of light ultra shorts (2ps). In this work the acting of the gates is investigated, considering several lengths of the filter (  L) that integrates your internal structure, with the intention of obtaining the length of more appropriate filter for a satisfactory operation, in dispersion regime, nonlinear, without losses and with Cross Phase Modulation (XPM). This investigation is accomplished in two situations: firstly, filters are considered with Self Phase Modulation (SPM) and GVD (group-velocity dispersion). In a second moment, the same gates are obtained with effects SPM, XPM and GVD, acting together in AOTF. It was observed that for pulses of the type soliton, the effects of the dispersion, of the nonlinearity and of the cross phase modulation exercise together a strong influences in the propagation of the same, provoking the break of the pulse in the exit of the device when we used a larger length for the filters. For shorter devices, the switched pulse presented temporary and spectral compression and spread, as well as, displacement in the time in the two propagation modes (TE and TM). After the choice of a length of appropriate filter, a great temporary displacement was selected to be applied in the input pulses for us to get, in the exit of the logical gate, satisfactory temporary displacements (successes) in the application of the PPM modulation. Soon after, we introduced phases in one of the entrance pulses (TM), provoking a phase displacement among TE and TM pulses, still reducing more the margin of error PPM of operation of the gates. Finally, to the we analyze the applied phases in the pulse TM (0 to 2), we defined the best phase angle for the gates to operate in the success area of the PPM modulation.
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Lenoir-Capello, Rachel. "Specific labeling strategies for new developments in liquid state protein NMR." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses-intra.upmc.fr/modules/resources/download/theses/2020SORUS056.pdf.
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La résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) fournit des informations structurelles et dynamiques précieuses à l'échelle atomique, cependant, la faible sensibilité et résolution des signaux empêchent l’étude d'objets moléculaires plus importants. Nous présentons 3 stratégies de marquage isotopique pour différentes expériences RMN des protéines en solution et démontrons leur potentiel pour l'étude structurale des biomolécules. Parmi les stratégies envisagées, 2 utilisent l'expression in vitro pour obtenir des protéines marquées sélectivement sur un groupe chimique et/ou acide aminé dans un environnement perdeutéré. Avec l’utilisation de séquences d'impulsions TROSY, ces échantillons ont permis des gains spectraux importants lorsque ils étaient spécifiquement marqués sur des groupes amide ou sur le méthylène des glycines tout en maintenant un taux de deutération élevé sur les autres fonctions chimiques des protéines. La troisième stratégie de marquage protéique utilise des protocoles in vivo pour des applications RMN innovantes: l'hyperpolarisation de noyaux en solution qui augmente leur sensibilité de plusieurs ordres de grandeur. La durée de vie de cette hyperpolarisation est régie par le temps de relaxation longitudinale des noyaux, qui est réduit pour les protéines à température ambiante. En isolant les noyaux d'intérêt dans un environnement perdeutéré, les interactions dipolaires créées par les protons voisins sont éliminées et les noyaux hyperpolarisés relaxent beaucoup plus lentement. L'hyperpolarisation d'un petit domaine protéique a été entreprise avec succès mais les conditions de dissolution doivent encore être améliorées pour conserver une phase aqueuse homogène<br>Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) provides valuable structural and dynamic information at the atomic scale, however, the low sensitivity and resolution of signals rapidly preclude investigations of larger molecular objects. We present three isotopic labeling strategies for different protein-solution NMR experiments and demonstrate their potential for the structural study of biomolecules in solution. Among the strategies considered, two are based on the use of in vitro protein expression to obtain selectively labeled proteins of a certain chemical group and/or amino acid in a perdeuterated environment. Perdeuteration is essential for the optimal use of Transverse Relaxation Optimized Spectroscopy pulse sequences. They allowed significant spectral gains when samples were specifically labeled on amide groups or on the methylene of glycines while maintaining a very high rate of deuteration on the other chemical functions of the proteins. The third protein labeling strategy employed is based on in vivo protocols but used in innovative NMR applications: a technique of hyperpolarization of nuclei in solution which increases their sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. The lifetime of this hyperpolarization is governed by the longitudinal relaxation time of nuclei, which are reduced for proteins at room temperature. By isolating the nuclei of interest in a perdeuterated environment, dipolar interactions created by neighboring protons were eliminated and hyperpolarized nuclei relaxed much more slowly. Hyperpolarization of a small protein domain was successfully undertaken at 1K but the dissolution conditions need to be improved in order to preserve a homogeneous aqueous phase
Book chapters on the topic "Transverse magnetic (TM) polarization"
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Gantala Gopal, Krishnamurthy C.V., Balasubramaniam Krishnan, and Ganesan N. "Shape reconstruction of corroded objects from limited view scattered data in frequency domain." In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-968-4-319.
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The problem of reconstructing the shape of a 2-D Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) cylinder from limited view scattered near-field data is considered in the frequency domain. Firstly a modified T-matrix method is proposed for direct scattering problem, which uses the concept of 2-D analogue of T-matrix method to obtain the surface currents and Fast Fourier transforms to speed up the computations. Substantial enhancement in the computation speed is seen compared to the classical T-matrix method. The inverse scattering problem is formulated as a non-linear optimization problem that seeks to minimize the difference between measured data and the simulated data. The proposed inverse methodology is applied for (a) the determination of whether a cylinder is corroded or not, and (b) the shape reconstruction of corroded cylinder over a range of size parameters using Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) polarization. Synthetic data generated from commercial package (COMSOL) representing pulse-echo mode, of ground penetrating radar (GPR) experiment, is used in lieu of measured data. To exploit the information of scattered TE and TM fields, the inverse problem is formulated using multi-objective optimization. Numerical results over a wide range of size parameter (ka) values show that error in reconstruction are within 0.5% in the range of 1.2&lt;ka&lt;2.8. Further, reconstruction appears to be better with TE than TM polarization.
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Kataka Banaseka, Frank, Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu, Godfred Yaw Koi-Akrofi, and Selasie Aformaley Brown. "Signal Propagation in Soil Medium: A Two Dimensional Finite Element Procedure." In Electromagnetic Compatibility [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99333.
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A two-Dimensional Finite Element Method of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation through the soil is presented in this chapter. The chapter employs a boundary value problem (BVP) to solve the Helmholtz time-harmonic electromagnetic model. An infinitely large dielectric object of an arbitrary cross-section is considered for scattering from a dielectric medium and illuminated by an incident wave. Since the domain extends to infinity, an artificial boundary, a perfectly matched layer (PML) is used to truncate the computational domain. The incident field, the scattered field, and the total field in terms of the z-component are expressed for the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) modes. The radar cross-section (RCS), as a function of several other parameters, such as operating frequency, polarization, illumination angle, observation angle, geometry, and material properties of the medium, is computed to describe how a scatterer reflects an electromagnetic wave in a given direction. Simulation results obtained from MATLAB for the scattered field, the total field, and the radar cross-section are presented for three soil types – sand, loam, and clay.
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Ouchani, Noama. "Design of Optical Devices Based on a 1D Birefringent Dielectric Photonic Crystal." In Optical Fibers - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004727.
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Photonic crystals (PCs) made of anisotropic dielectric materials support electromagnetic waves of coupled polarization. This wave-coupling property can be used in the design of important optical devices. We demonstrate that a one-dimensional structure composed of anisotropic dielectric materials can be used to design a transverse-electric/transverse-magnetic polarization converter. The major benefit of this converter is the combination of an identical and very high polarization conversion efficiency for both reflection and transmission waves. Furthermore, we investigate the fact that for an appropriate choice of material and geometrical properties, the birefringent photonic crystal can exhibit an absolute photonic band gap (PBG) in which light propagation is forbidden for all polarizations and for a given plane of incidence. We also explore the possibility of exploiting a single-defect anisotropic photonic crystal to fabricate an optical switch and a selective electromagnetic filter. In these optical devices, the birefringence of the photonic crystal layers increases the performance of the optical device compared with the isotropic structure.
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Roy Choudhury, Somdotta. "An Electromagnetic Approach to Microstrip Structurers." In Electromagnetic Field - From Atomic Level to Engineering Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1010148.
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Microstrip transmission lines are widely used in RF (radio frequency) and microwave circuits, where the geometry and characteristics of the electric fields play an important role in the performance of the system. The electric field distribution in a microstrip structure depends on several factors, including the dimensions of the strip, the substrate material, and the frequency of operation. The electric fields in a microstrip transmission line are primarily confined between the conductor (the microstrip strip) and the ground plane beneath the dielectric substrate. The distribution of the electric field depends on whether the microstrip is considered as a quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) line or a quasi-TM (transverse magnetic) line, which is more typical for higher frequencies. In this chapter, a new investigation is presented to exhibit EM characteristics of a special type of microstrip structure, which is called defected microstrip structure (DMS). The DMS structures have natural tendencies to provide filtering characteristics. By changing the geometrical shape of DMS structures, different kinds of novel band-reject filters are designed. First, a rectangular complementary split ring-shaped DMS filter is developed to provide a single narrowband bandstop response at the ISM band. Different parametric studies, circuit model representations, and surface current distributions are shown here. Another dual-band bandstop filter is designed to consist of a folded rectangular complementary split ring structure. This compact, tunable filter is suitable for ISM bands, WLAN bands, and WiMax bands applications.
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Guenther, B. D. "Electromagnetic Theory." In Modern Optics Simplified. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842859.003.0002.
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The theory of light is described by Maxwell’s Equationsand they provide information about the fundamental properties of light. The wave equation is contained within Maxwell’s equations and proof is provided but is an example of a topic that can be skipped. The electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave of both the electric and magnetic field which are also mutually perpendicular. We discuss some of the differences between classical and quantum theory of light but restrict the use of classical wave theory in this text. The classical electromagnetic wave has a momentum that has led to the development of optical twezzers of great use in biological motors. Because the amplitude of the electromagnetic wave is a vector quantity we introduce the concept of polarization to describe the vector properties. We will need the capability in our discussion of reflection.
Conference papers on the topic "Transverse magnetic (TM) polarization"
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Labbé, Fabien, Alif Muthali Laila, and Yunhong Ding. "A Polarization-Insensitive a-Si Grating Coupler on the Lithium Niobate-on-Insulator Platform." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2024.jth2a.33.
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We have designed, fabricated and characterized a polarization insensitive a-Si on Lithium Niobate grating coupler for both transverse electric and magnetic light coupling to Lithium Niobate waveguide, results in the coupling efficiency of −5 dB.
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Mishra, Arpita, Krishna Kant Rana, and Talabattula Srinivas. "Polarization-Insensitive Broadband Germanium on Insulator (Ge-OI) Grating Coupler." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2022.jtu5a.62.
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We have designed a novel Polarization Independent, Broadband, trapezoidal bilayer grating structure on GeOI platform which couples nearly 70 % of Transverse Electric (TE) and 60 % of Transverse Magnetic (TM) modes respectively.
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Mishra, Arpita, Krishna Kant Rana, and Talabattula Srinivas. "Polarization Independent Germanium on Insulator(GeOI) Tapered Waveguide Design for Multianalyte Sensor." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2022.jw4a.49.
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We have designed a tapered structure on Ge-OI platform by optimizing various parameters which couples 80% for both Transverse Electric (TE), and Transverse Magnetic (TM) in the spectrum taken (2.5–3.5µm).
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Boardman, A. D., and Xie Kang. "Nonlinear reflection of TM polarized plane waves and beams by a magneto-optic interface." In Integrated Photonics Research. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ipr.1990.wc6.
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The reflectivity of the TM wave from magneto-optic nonlinear interfaces between magnetized films of media like nickel, iron, or YIG bounded by a nonmagnetic, nonlinear substrate or cladding, or mixed with nonmagnetic, nonlinear films is calculated for the widely used1,2ATR configuration. The results mainly concern prism coupling but with the much less studied third-order nonlinear TM polarization3 being used. Progress toward extending the theory to include gratings is also discussed, however. Traditionally, magnetic-field orientations include transverse, polar, and longitudinal orientations, and these are the principal ones analyzed here. Longitudinal orientations involve some complex and novel nonlinear calculations because in such a case, even in the linear limit, TM and TE polarizations cannot be decoupled so that a linear Kerr rotation of the plane of polarization occurs. Questions concerning the optimum signal-to-noise ratio are addressed in order to try and arrange the highest value to coincide with the resonant angle positions. In this connection detailed comments on the trade-off between nonlinear and magneto-optic effects are given. Nonlinear ATR curves, the power flow along the surface, the first-order magneto-optical parameter, and the magnetic-field-induced rotation of the plane of polarization are all calculated for both plane waves and for finite beams with nonlocal nonlinearity. Again, because the latter is a difficult calculation to perform, the method alone is of great interest. The simpler transverse case can be cited as an example here. The ATR curves, as might be expected, break into branches at critical power levels, but this now feeds through into the relative change of the reflected intensity of light owing to the magnetization of the film. Any sharp decrease in this first-order magneto-optic quantity is now delayed by the nonlinearity, and a critical light intensity causes two or more branches to appear. For this same case we show that the forward field reflectivity actually switches to a second branch a little earlier than for the reverse field direction; hence, the resonance angles are not matched. Finally, comments on the exploitation of nonlinear magneto-optic effects in thin-film guided-wave geometries are included.
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Sakib, Md Nazmus, and Maurizio Manzo. "Investigation of Transverse-Electric (TE) and Transverse-Magnetic (TM) Laser Modes in Hybrid Metal Optical Microlasers." In ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-112834.
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Abstract Dye-doped optical microlasers’ laser emission is achieved by optically exciting a dye-doped optical microscale resonator. When the microlaser is excited by a light source, the fluorescence from the dye acts as the gain material for the optical resonances. The optical resonances (laser modes) are very sensitive to any perturbation of the microlaser’s morphology. When metal nanoparticles are added to the optical cavity, the laser emission can be enhanced, the energy threshold reduced, and the quenching effect limited. In this work, we investigate the effect on the laser modes emission for different gold (Au) nanoparticles distributions in dye-doped polymeric microlasers. When the polarization of the pumping laser is vertical, both TE (transverse electric) and TM modes can be observed in the lasing emission. In previous experiments using Au-doped optical microlasers, it was found that the TE and TM laser modes were observed to compete each other for different values of pumping energy, for a certain metal nanoparticles’ concentration. Au particles were mixed randomly within the microlasers and different concentrations were tested. In this work, spherical microlasers are fabricated using a mixture of UV curable polymer and the laser dye rhodamine 6G. The microlasers are then partially covered with gold nanoparticles by using a dispersed solution of Au particles placed on a glass slide. Since the resonator is spherical, in general, there is not a preferred path for the traveling light used to generate the laser modes. By partially covering the external surface of the microlaser with Au particles, it is possible to force the light to a preferred optical path, which can be used to investigate the metal nanoparticles’ distribution effect on the TE and TM laser modes.
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Yuksel, Anil, Michael Cullinan, and Jayathi Murthy. "Polarization Effect on Out of Plane Configured Nanoparticle Packing." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-3075.
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Surface plasmon polaritons are associated with the light-nanoparticle interaction and results in high enhancement in the gap between the particles. Indeed, this is affected by particle size, spacing, interlayer distance and light source properties. Polarization effect on three-dimensional (3D) and out of plane nanoparticle packings are presented herein to understand the out of plane configuration effect by using 532 nm plane wave light. This analysis gives insight on the particle interactions between the adjacent layers for multilayer nanoparticle packings. It has been seen that the electric field enhancement is up to 400 folds for TM (Transverse magnetic) or X-polarized light and 26 folds for TE (Transverse electric) or Y-polarized light. Thermo-optical properties change nonlinearly between 0 and 10 nm gap spacing due to the strong and non-local near-field interaction between the particles for the TM polarized light; however, this is linear for TE polarized light. This will give insight on the micro/nano heat transport for the interlayer particles for 100 nm diameter of Cu nanoparticle packings under 532 nm light under different polarization for 3-D interconnect (IC) manufacturing.
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Klehr, A., A. Bärwolff, G. Berger, R. Müller, and M. Voß. "Polarization Mode Switching and Bistability in Semiconductor Lasers." In Nonlinear Dynamics in Optical Systems. Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nldos.1992.tha2.
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Generally, TE-mode emission (the transverse electric field is polarized parallel to the active-layer plane) is favored in unstrained semiconductor lasers in comparison with TM-mode emission (the magnetic field is polarized parallel to the active-layer plane) due to a larger reflectivity for the TE wave at the cleaved facets forming the laser cavity. The optical gain delivered from the active medium is the same for both modes, i. e., gTE = gTM = g given by g = A (N - N0) where A is the gain coefficient, N is the carrier density, and N0 denotes the carrier density required to achieve transparency, g = 0.
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So, Daniel W. C. "Metal island film polarizer." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.cfa6.
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Many integrated optical devices are sensitive to the polarization of light. A thin film polarizer1,2 which transmits the transverse magnetic (TM) mode with a low insertion loss (<1 dB) and which attenuates the transverse electric (TE) mode with a high extinction ratio (>30 dB) is considered. The basic planar device structure consists of a dielectric waveguide which is separated from a parallel metal island film waveguide by a buffer region (Fig. 1). The difference between the TE and the TM modes arises due to the distribution of the metal islands in the film. Because of the excitation of the local surface plasmon in the metal particles, the attenuation of the TE mode is two orders of magitude greater than that of the TM mode. The physical parameters of the metal film waveguide are adjusted such that the TE mode is phase-matched with that of the TE mode of the dielectric waveguide. The TE mode of the optical waveguide is coupled distributively to the metal film waveguide and is attenuated, whereas the TM mode is not coupled due to significant phase mismatch and also is attenuated by two orders of magnitude less than that of the TE mode. Thus, an efficient TM mode pass on-line polarizer can be realized.
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Ray, A. K., and B. Das. "Simultaneous elastic and spontaneous Raman scattering by homogeneous and layered microdroplets." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.ww.4.
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Elastic and Raman scattering data from single homogeneous or layered microdroplets suspended in an electrodynamic balance have been obtained by scanning a tunable ring dye laser, Wavelengths of transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) mode resonances in light scattered elastically by a droplet have been measured independently by using two detectors in the planes parallel and perpendicular to the plane of polarization. Simultaneously, Raman scattered light at a fixed wavenumber shift has been measured. Using an alignment procedure, differences between the observed and theoretical positions of TE and TM mode resonances are minimized to obtain size and wavelength-dependent refractive index of homogeneous and layer droplet. The procedure permits absolute size and refractive index determination with relative errors of 3 x 10-5, and detection of a monolayer on a droplet. The size and refractive index data are used to analyze observed resonances in Raman scattering. Results show that all resonances having theoretical FWHM less than 1.0 x 10-4 cm-1 appear in Raman spectra. Even though theoretical widths of the resonances observed in Raman spectra are extremely narrow, experimental peaks are found to have widths no less than 0.20 cm-1. The observed peak broadening and heights can not be explained by absorption but suggests an oscillation of droplet size by about 5 A.
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Volke-Sepulveda, K., A. Flores-Peréz, J. Hernández-Hernández, S. Hacyan, and R. Jáuregui. "Transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) vector vortices in free-space: analysis and experimental generation." In SPIE Optics + Photonics, edited by Fred M. Dickey and David L. Shealy. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.680844.
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