Academic literature on the topic 'Transverse tensile test'
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Journal articles on the topic "Transverse tensile test"
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Petersen, DR, RE Link, H. Wang, R. Bouchard, R. Eagleson, P. Martin, and WR Tyson. "Ring Hoop Tension Test (RHTT): A Test for Transverse Tensile Properties of Tubular Materials." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 30, no. 5 (2002): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte12328j.
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Jia, Juan, Shuang Xin Liu, and Dierk Rabbe. "Fracture Behaviors of the Rolled Isotactic Polypropylene." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.237.
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The mechanical properties of the rolled isotactic polypropylene and the morphology of fracture surfaces were measured and observed by tensile tests and the scanning electron microscopy. And then the tensile fracture behaviors along the rolling and transvers directions of the rolled samples were analyzed. After rolling, strong anisotropy mechanical properties occurred along the rolling and transverse directions: high tensile strength with low total elongation along the rolling direction and low tensile strength with high total elongation along the transverse direction. After tensile test, three characteristic structures were found on the fracture surfaces. The tensile fracture behavior of the rolled samples is: stress concentration happens on the edge of tensile sample and then fracture develops to the center part of the tensile sample. When the fracture is big enough, the tensile sample will be failed very quickly.
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Schüller, T., W. Beckert, B. Lauke, and K. Friedrich. "Single-fibre transverse debonding: tensile test of a necked specimen." Composites Science and Technology 60, no. 11 (August 2000): 2077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(00)00100-7.
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Li, Li, and Michel Aubertin. "A crack-induced stress approach to describe the tensile strength of transversely isotropic rocks." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-069.
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Rocks are generally more or less anisotropic, depending on their structure at the scale of interest. In engineering applications, the magnitude of such anisotropy must often be determined for compressive as well as tensile loading conditions. In this paper, the authors present the results of an investigation on tensile failure of transversely isotropic rocks, based on Inglis' analytical solution for the stress at the boundary of an elliptical flaw. The strength of transversely isotropic rocks is assumed to be controlled by the maximum tensile local stress along the crack boundary. Equations are developed and compared with tensile test data taken from the literature. The results show that the proposed formulations represent well the direct and indirect tensile strength of anisotropic rocks as a function of bedding plane orientation. It is also shown that the proposed physical model correlates well with the results obtained from more empirical formulations.Key words: rock mechanics, anisotropy, transverse isotropy, tensile strength, Brazilian test, crack.
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Wroński, Sebastian, Krzysztof Wierzbanowski, Mariusz Jędrychowski, Jacek Tarasiuk, Marcin Wronski, Andrzej Baczmański, Brigitte Bacroix, and Alain Lodini. "Microstructure and Residual Stress in T40 Titanium after Tensile Test." Materials Science Forum 905 (August 2017): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.905.17.
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The goal work of this work is to describe the qualitative and quantitative behaviour of titanium T40 during tensile test. Material characteristics were determined using EBSD and X-ray techniques. Textures, twin boundary fractions, residual stresses and coherent domain size were determined. It was found that deformation mechanisms and microstructure characteristics are different in the samples stretched along rolling and transverse directions. For example the average grain size, as determined from EBSD measurements, is higher in the sample stretched along rolling direction. Also smaller coherent domains form and residual stress is more easily relaxed in this sample. A strong appearance of tensile twins was observed in the samples deformed along transverse direction. In the present paper a complex study of material characteristics and deformation mechanisms is presented. A special emphasis is done on residual stress characteristics determined in the samples stretched in two perpendicular directions.
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Adnan R. Al Assal, Abdalbaset A Fatalla, Mohammed Moudhaffar, and Ghasak H Jani. "The effect of polyamide microparticles addition on some mechanical prop-erties of light-cured acrylic resin." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 1464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.719.
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The general upgrading of polymer denture base material and research continuously looking for ideal restorative dental material with better properties, adequate esthetic properties, less expensive and easier to handle material to develop photo polymerization dental materials. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of addition polyamide on mechanical microparticle properties light cure denture base material. One hindered sixty specimens from light-cured acrylic resin (Aurora). The divided mainly into four groups according to test used (Transverse strength test, impact strength test, hardness test and tensile strength test) with 40 specimens for each group. The results show an increase in Transverse strength, impact strength, hardness and tensile strength in all experimental group when compared to control group the highest mean values for all tests included in the study appeared in group B 1% polyamide. The addition of polyamide microparticle improves transverse, tensile, impact strength and hardness properties of denture base material.
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Gurova, T., J. R. Teodòsio, J. M. A. Rebello, and V. Monin. "Variation of the residual stress state in a welded joint during plastic deformation in a 5.0%Cr and 0.5%Mo steel." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 32, no. 6 (August 1, 1997): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324971513553.
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The aim of the present work is to verify the variation of the initial residual compressive stress induced by shot-peening, during plastic deformation under uniaxial tension, in a steel with 5.0%Mo and 0.5%Cr, employing test pieces taken from a welded joint where, due to the welding process, there are regions with different mechanical properties (yield strength and tensile strength). The regions of the joint, the base metal, the heat-affected zone and the weld bead exhibited different behaviour. In the heat-affected zone the residual compressive stresses in the longitudinal direction changed to tensile stresses with 0.5-1 per cent plastic deformation. At 3 per cent the stresses attain a maximum tensile value, decreasing in an oscillating manner up to 6 per cent plastic deformation. Beyond this point the test pieces reached a constant tensile value until the fracture. The transverse residual stress values were also modified during the tensile test but no full stress relaxation was observed. Indeed, the initial compressive stress values changed under small applied plastic deformation and after 4 per cent plastic deformation they changed weakly until the test piece fracture. The weld bead was weakly deformed and no effective stress relaxation was observed. In both the longitudinal and the transverse directions, the residual compressive stresses are brought sharply from an initial value of — 470MPa to a minimum of — 250MPa for only 0.5 per cent plastic deformation. No further changes were observed until the fracture of the test piece.
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Hivet, Gilles, Emmanuelle Vidal-Sallé, and Philippe Boisse. "Analysis of the Stress Components during the Forming of a Textile Composite Reinforcement." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.492.
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When a continuum approach is considered for textile reinforcements, the internal loads are described by a stress tensor. The mechanical behaviour of the textile material is very much dependent on the fiber directions, and the frames defined from warp and weft directions are preferred to write the stress components. The exterior loads in these frames permit to define tensile and pure shear states. Nevertheless these frames are generally not orthogonal. The relationships between the exterior loads and the different stress components are analyzed in the present paper, and, in particular, the relationship between direct stress components and longitudinal loads on one hand, and shear stress components and transversal loads on the other hand. When dealing with textile materials, the exterior loads in the direction of the fibres and transverse to the fibres define the pure tensile and pure shear state. It will be shown that the covariant stress component matrix is diagonal in a pure tensile loading and that the first mixed direct stress components are equal to zero in a pure shear loading. In these cases, the direct relationship between the stresses and the loadings are given. This will be applied to the cases of the picture frame test, the biaxial tensile test or of a combined tension-shear test.
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Hivet, Gilles, Emmanuelle Vidal-Sallé, and Philippe Boisse. "Analysis of the stress components in a textile composite reinforcement." Journal of Composite Materials 47, no. 3 (March 13, 2012): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998312439222.
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When a continuum approach is considered for textile reinforcements, the internal loads are described by a stress tensor. The mechanical behaviour of the textile material is very much dependent on the fiber directions, and the frames defined from warp and weft directions are preferred to write the stress components. The exterior loads in these frames permit to define tensile and pure shear states. Nevertheless, these frames are generally not orthogonal. The relationships between the exterior loads and the different stress components are analyzed in the present paper, and, in particular, the relationship between direct stress components and longitudinal loads on one hand, and shear stress components and transversal loads on the other hand. When dealing with textile materials, the exterior loads in the direction of the fibres and transverse to the fibres define the pure tensile and pure shear state. It is shown that the covariant stress component matrix is diagonal in a pure tensile loading and that the first mixed direct stress components are equal to zero in a pure shear loading. In these cases, the direct relationship between the stresses and the loadings are given. This is applied to the cases of the picture frame test, the biaxial tensile test or of a combined tension-shear test.
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Wang, S. R., H. G. Xiao, Z. S. Zou, C. Cao, Y. H. Wang, and Z. L. Wang. "Mechanical Performances of Transverse Rib Bar During Pull-Out Test." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 11, no. 05 (June 2019): 1950048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825119500480.
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To evaluate mechanical performances of the transverse rib bar and reveal anchoring mechanism between the grout and steel bar, a series of pull-out tests were carried out, the numerical simulations and theoretical analysis of grout failure modes were also analyzed. Results show that the grout in front of the transverse rib display wedge-shape damage and the simulation results verify this damage forms. The formula of the effective transverse rib angle, the grout strength and anchorage force were derived based on elastic thick-wall cylinder theory. During the pull-out tests, the radial stress of the grout lagged the tangential stress reaching the ultimate tensile strength with the inner pressure increasing. The anchoring force of the transverse rib bar increases with the increase of the grout strength, and with the increase of the effective transverse rib angle. These conclusions provide the theoretical basis and technical support for the engineering practice.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transverse tensile test"
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Berry, Carolyn. "DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TWO TEST FIXTURES TO TEST THE LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SMALL DIAMETER TUBULAR POLYMERS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/494.
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Hundreds of thousands of vascular bypass grafts are implanted in the United States every year, but there has yet to be an ideal graft material to substitute for one’s own autologous vessel. Many synthetic materials have been shown to be successful vessel replacements; however, none have been proven to exhibit the same mechanical properties as native vessels, one of the most important criteria in selecting a vascular graft material. Part of this issue is due to the fact that, currently, there is no “gold standard” for testing the longitudinal and transverse tensile properties of small diameter tubular materials. While there are ASTM and ISO standards that suggest ways to test tubes in their original form, many researchers have published tensile strength data based on cutting the tube and testing it as a flat sample. Thus, it was the aim of this thesis to understand, establish, and implement accurate tensile testing methods of small diameter polymers in their original, tubular state on Cal Poly’s campus.
Two test fixtures were created based on specified design criteria in order to test materials in their tubular form in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Both fixtures were successful in testing PLGA and ePTFE samples, and statistical data was gathered for the transverse test fixture. The new transverse test fixture was tested against the current method of testing, and a significant (α = 0.05) difference between methods was established for ultimate tensile strength. This analysis, however, cannot determine which test method is more accurate, thus more extensive testing is required to verify the design of both fixtures. By developing a method for testing small diameter polymers in tubular form on Cal Poly’s campus, it allows for more testing of various small diameter tubes and more comparative data to validate each design. It also demonstrates a need for a more detailed and widespread standardization of testing for small diameter tubes, especially in vascular substitute applications where the ideal vessel replacement has yet to be found.
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Šoulák, Petr. "Aplikace CMT Advanced v průmyslové praxi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401050.
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In presented diploma thesis is studied problematics of welding of high strength steels. This work also describes arc welding in protective atmosphere CMT Advanced. In experimental part of this work is CMT Advanced method compared with conventional arc welding in protective atmosphere in shortcut mode used for welding of Hardox 450 and Weldox 700 E. Comparing of mechanical properties of weld material are realized via transverse tensile testing and measuring of microhardness. Macrostructure and microstructure of weld was evaluated too. In the last part of this thesis is a brief economical assessment of both studied methods.
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Ritter, Laura. "Der Einfluss von Querzug auf den Verbund zwischen Beton und Betonstahl." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-132733.
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Der Verbundwerkstoff Stahlbeton zeichnet sich durch das effektive Zusammenwirken seiner beiden Einzelkomponenten Stahl und Beton aus. Dieses wiederum kann nur durch ausreichend gute Verbundbedingungen zwischen beiden Baustoffen gewährleistet werden. Die Verbundeigenschaften werden von zahlreichen Faktoren beeinflusst, zu denen u.a. die Oberflächenprofilierung des Stahls, die Betonfestigkeit und die Umschnürungswirkung durch den umgebenden Beton oder eine Querbewehrung zählen. Auch eine quer zum Stab angreifende Belastung kann einen erheblichen Einfluss auf den Verbundmechanismus und die Verbundversagensart haben. Bei Stahlbetonbauteilen unter einer zweiaxialen Zugbelastung, wie sie z.B. in Behälterwänden oder zweiachsig gespannten Platten auftritt, unterliegt die Bewehrung sowohl einer Längszug- als auch einer Querzugbeanspruchung. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss einer Querzugbelastung auf das Verbundverhalten zwischen Rippenstählen und Normalbeton mit Hilfe von würfelförmigen Ausziehkörpern mit einer kurzen Verbundlänge untersucht. Dabei lag das Querzugniveau stets unterhalb der Risslast des Betons, so dass keine Risse entlang des einbetonierten Stabes auftraten. Neben der Höhe der Querzugbelastung wurden im Versuchsprogramm die Betonfestigkeit, der Stabdurchmesser und die Betondeckung variiert. Anhand der Versuchsergebnisse konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich auch unter einer Querzugbelastung der Verlauf der Verbundspannungs-Schlupf-Beziehung nicht ändert. Die Art des Verbundversagens wird jedoch maßgeblich durch den Querzug beeinflusst, welcher ein Spaltbruchversagen in jedem Fall begünstigt. Mit steigendem Querzug tritt auch bei großen Betondeckungen statt eines Ausziehversagens ein Spaltbruchversagen ein. Mittels des vorgeschlagenen Berechnungsmodells können in Abhängigkeit des Querzugniveaus und der Größe der Betondeckung Grenzlinien für den Wechsel im Verbundversagensmodus bestimmt werden. Hierbei wurde ebenfalls der Einfluss der Probekörpergeometrie auf die Versuchsergebnisse in die Berechnung einbezogen, so dass die angegebenen Grenzlinien auch für reale Einbettungslängen der Bewehrung gelten. Weiterhin wurde anhand der Versuchsdaten sowie eines Datensatzes aus der Literatur ein Verbundmodell für kurze Verbundlängen entwickelt, das den Einfluss der bezogenen Rippenfläche der Bewehrung und der Betonfestigkeit sowohl auf die Verbundspannungen als auch auf die zugehörigen Schlupfwerte berücksichtigt. Über einen zusätzlichen Datensatz zum Einfluss der Verbundlänge im Ausziehversuch konnte ebenfalls die Abhängigkeit zwischen den mittleren Verbundspannungen, den zugehörigen Schlupfwerten und der Verbundlänge spezifiziert werden. Somit ist eine Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse von Ausziehversuchen mit kurzen Verbundlängen auf eine reale Einbettungslänge im Bauteil möglich. Für die Bemessung von Stahlbetonkonstruktionen in den Grenzzuständen der Tragfähigkeit und der Gebrauchstauglichkeit erfolgt die Ableitung geeigneter Verformungskriterien für die Relativverschiebung zwischen Betonstahl und Beton und deren Verifizierung an Versuchsdaten aus der Literatur. Die aufgestellten Verformungskriterien in Abhängigkeit der Stahlspannung erlauben eine direkte Ermittlung bemessungsrelevanter Verbundspannungen anhand experimenteller Ausziehversuche. Die Berücksichtigung einer Querzugbelastung ist dabei in allen vorgestellten Berechnungsansätzen ebenfalls möglichReinforced concrete as composite material is characterised by an effective interaction of its individual components reinforcing steel and concrete. This only can be assured by adequate bond conditions between these two materials. The bond quality is influenced by a wide range of parameters, amongst others including the rib geometry of the bar, the concrete strength and the confining action by the surrounding concrete or transverse reinforcement. Moreover loads, which act transverse to the reinforcing bar, can influence the bond mechanism and the bond failure mode significantly. Reinforced concrete structures, such as containment walls or two-way slabs, are often exposed to multiaxial loading conditions. In case of biaxial tensile stresses, reinforcement and surrounding concrete are loaded in tension in longitudinal as well as in transverse direction. An extensive experimental program was carried out in order to investigate the bond behaviour between reinforcing steel and normal strength concrete due to transverse tension. Cubic-shaped pullout specimens with a short bond length were used. The transverse tension level remained always below the cracking stress of concrete, meaning that no crack occurred along the pullout bar. The test program contained the variation of the transverse tension level, the concrete strength, the bar diameter and the concrete cover. From the test results no systematic influence of the transverse tension level on the shape of the bond stress-slip-relationship can be detected. The bond failure mode is significantly influenced by transverse tension, which promotes splitting failure. The higher the transverse tension level, even for high concrete covers, splitting failure occurs instead of pulling out the bar. From the test results, a failure criterion depending on the concrete cover and the transverse tension level could be determined, which indicates the failure mode and corresponding bond stress. For this purpose, the influence of the specimen geometry on the test results was considered, which results in a failure criterion that is also valid for real embedment lengths of the reinforcement. Furthermore, a bond model for short bond lengths has been developed, based on the test results and a dataset from literature. The model considers the influence of the related rib area of the reinforcing bar and the concrete strength on the bond stresses as well as on the corresponding slip values. By an additional dataset concerning the influence of bond length in pullout tests, the bond stresses and corresponding slip values could be specified as a function of the bond length. Therefore, the test results of pullout test with short bond lengths are transferable to real embedment lengths in structural elements. For the structural design of reinforced concrete elements in the ultimate and serviceability limit states, appli\\-cable deformation criterions concerning the relative displacement between reinforcing steel and concrete has been derived and verified by test data from literature. By means of the developed deformations criterions dependent on the steel stress, design bond stresses can be determined directly from experimental pullout tests. The consideration of transverse tensile loads is also possible for all presented design formulas
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Lindorf, Alexander. "Ermüdung des Verbundes von Stahlbeton unter Querzug." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-83503.
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Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit steht die gezielte Analyse des Verbundverhaltens zwischen Bewehrungsstahl und Beton unter kombinierter Beanspruchung aus Ermüdung und Querzug. Den Hintergrund bilden Stahlbetonbauteile, wie z. B. Fahrbahnplatten von Verbundbrücken, welche einen zweiaxialen Lastabtrag unter nicht vorwiegend ruhenden Belastungen aufweisen. Die Untersuchungen für normal- und hochfesten Beton erfolgten an Ausziehkörpern mit einem durch Querzugspannungen hervorgerufenen Längsriss entlang des Bewehrungsstabes. Das Versuchsprogramm beinhaltete hochzyklische Schwellversuche mit unterschiedlichen Schwingspielen und variierenden Längsrissbreiten bis zu einer Million Lastwechseln. Anhand der Entwicklung des Schlupfes zwischen Bewehrungsstab und Beton konnte eine deutliche Abhängigkeit des Verbundwiderstandes vom Querzug beobachtet werden. Aufbauend auf der Schlupfentwicklung erfolgt die Ableitung von normierten Wöhlerlinien der Verbundermüdung. Diese Wöhlerlinien können direkt in Beziehung zu den Wöhlerlinien der Betonstahlermüdung gesetzt werden und vereinfachen die Erstellung von Dauerfestigkeitsdiagrammen für Bemessungszwecke. Es wird deutlich, dass die Ermüdungsfestigkeit des Verbundes durch das Vorhandensein eines Längsrisses gegenüber der Betonstahlermüdung verstärkt an Bedeutung gewinntThe main focus of the present work is the specific analysis of the bond behaviour between reinforcement and concrete under combined loading due to fatigue and transverse tension. The background is formed by reinforced concrete elements such as bridge decks of steel-concrete composite bridges, which show a biaxial load bearing behaviour under not predominantly monotonic loading. The investigations for both normal strength and high performance concrete were conducted on pull-out specimens with a longitudinal crack along the reinforcing bar caused by transverse tensile stresses. The experimental program included high cyclic tests with different stress ranges and varying longitudinal crack widths up to one million load cycles. By means of the slip development, a definite dependency of the bond strength on the transverse tension could be observed. Based on the slip development, normalised S-N curves for bond fatigue have been deduced. These S-N curves can be set in direct relation to the S-N curves for steel fatigue and simplify creating constant life diagrams for design purposes. It becomes clear that the bond fatigue strength, due to an existing longitudinal crack, gains in importance in comparison to the fatigue strength of the reinforcing steel
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Ritter, Laura. "Der Einfluss von Querzug auf den Verbund zwischen Beton und Betonstahl." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27464.
Full textAbstract:
Der Verbundwerkstoff Stahlbeton zeichnet sich durch das effektive Zusammenwirken seiner beiden Einzelkomponenten Stahl und Beton aus. Dieses wiederum kann nur durch ausreichend gute Verbundbedingungen zwischen beiden Baustoffen gewährleistet werden. Die Verbundeigenschaften werden von zahlreichen Faktoren beeinflusst, zu denen u.a. die Oberflächenprofilierung des Stahls, die Betonfestigkeit und die Umschnürungswirkung durch den umgebenden Beton oder eine Querbewehrung zählen. Auch eine quer zum Stab angreifende Belastung kann einen erheblichen Einfluss auf den Verbundmechanismus und die Verbundversagensart haben. Bei Stahlbetonbauteilen unter einer zweiaxialen Zugbelastung, wie sie z.B. in Behälterwänden oder zweiachsig gespannten Platten auftritt, unterliegt die Bewehrung sowohl einer Längszug- als auch einer Querzugbeanspruchung.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss einer Querzugbelastung auf das Verbundverhalten zwischen Rippenstählen und Normalbeton mit Hilfe von würfelförmigen Ausziehkörpern mit einer kurzen Verbundlänge untersucht. Dabei lag das Querzugniveau stets unterhalb der Risslast des Betons, so dass keine Risse entlang des einbetonierten Stabes auftraten. Neben der Höhe der Querzugbelastung wurden im Versuchsprogramm die Betonfestigkeit, der Stabdurchmesser und die Betondeckung variiert.
Anhand der Versuchsergebnisse konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich auch unter einer Querzugbelastung der Verlauf der Verbundspannungs-Schlupf-Beziehung nicht ändert. Die Art des Verbundversagens wird jedoch maßgeblich durch den Querzug beeinflusst, welcher ein Spaltbruchversagen in jedem Fall begünstigt. Mit steigendem Querzug tritt auch bei großen Betondeckungen statt eines Ausziehversagens ein Spaltbruchversagen ein. Mittels des vorgeschlagenen Berechnungsmodells können in Abhängigkeit des Querzugniveaus und der Größe der Betondeckung Grenzlinien für den Wechsel im Verbundversagensmodus bestimmt werden. Hierbei wurde ebenfalls der Einfluss der Probekörpergeometrie auf die Versuchsergebnisse in die Berechnung einbezogen, so dass die angegebenen Grenzlinien auch für reale Einbettungslängen der Bewehrung gelten.
Weiterhin wurde anhand der Versuchsdaten sowie eines Datensatzes aus der Literatur ein Verbundmodell für kurze Verbundlängen entwickelt, das den Einfluss der bezogenen Rippenfläche der Bewehrung und der Betonfestigkeit sowohl auf die Verbundspannungen als auch auf die zugehörigen Schlupfwerte berücksichtigt. Über einen zusätzlichen Datensatz zum Einfluss der Verbundlänge im Ausziehversuch konnte ebenfalls die Abhängigkeit zwischen den mittleren Verbundspannungen, den zugehörigen Schlupfwerten und der Verbundlänge spezifiziert werden. Somit ist eine Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse von Ausziehversuchen mit kurzen Verbundlängen auf eine reale Einbettungslänge im Bauteil möglich.
Für die Bemessung von Stahlbetonkonstruktionen in den Grenzzuständen der Tragfähigkeit und der Gebrauchstauglichkeit erfolgt die Ableitung geeigneter Verformungskriterien für die Relativverschiebung zwischen Betonstahl und Beton und deren Verifizierung an Versuchsdaten aus der Literatur. Die aufgestellten Verformungskriterien in Abhängigkeit der Stahlspannung erlauben eine direkte Ermittlung bemessungsrelevanter Verbundspannungen anhand experimenteller Ausziehversuche. Die Berücksichtigung einer Querzugbelastung ist dabei in allen vorgestellten Berechnungsansätzen ebenfalls möglich.Reinforced concrete as composite material is characterised by an effective interaction of its individual components reinforcing steel and concrete. This only can be assured by adequate bond conditions between these two materials. The bond quality is influenced by a wide range of parameters, amongst others including the rib geometry of the bar, the concrete strength and the confining action by the surrounding concrete or transverse reinforcement. Moreover loads, which act transverse to the reinforcing bar, can influence the bond mechanism and the bond failure mode significantly. Reinforced concrete structures, such as containment walls or two-way slabs, are often exposed to multiaxial loading conditions. In case of biaxial tensile stresses, reinforcement and surrounding concrete are loaded in tension in longitudinal as well as in transverse direction. An extensive experimental program was carried out in order to investigate the bond behaviour between reinforcing steel and normal strength concrete due to transverse tension. Cubic-shaped pullout specimens with a short bond length were used. The transverse tension level remained always below the cracking stress of concrete, meaning that no crack occurred along the pullout bar. The test program contained the variation of the transverse tension level, the concrete strength, the bar diameter and the concrete cover. From the test results no systematic influence of the transverse tension level on the shape of the bond stress-slip-relationship can be detected. The bond failure mode is significantly influenced by transverse tension, which promotes splitting failure. The higher the transverse tension level, even for high concrete covers, splitting failure occurs instead of pulling out the bar. From the test results, a failure criterion depending on the concrete cover and the transverse tension level could be determined, which indicates the failure mode and corresponding bond stress. For this purpose, the influence of the specimen geometry on the test results was considered, which results in a failure criterion that is also valid for real embedment lengths of the reinforcement. Furthermore, a bond model for short bond lengths has been developed, based on the test results and a dataset from literature. The model considers the influence of the related rib area of the reinforcing bar and the concrete strength on the bond stresses as well as on the corresponding slip values. By an additional dataset concerning the influence of bond length in pullout tests, the bond stresses and corresponding slip values could be specified as a function of the bond length. Therefore, the test results of pullout test with short bond lengths are transferable to real embedment lengths in structural elements. For the structural design of reinforced concrete elements in the ultimate and serviceability limit states, appli\\-cable deformation criterions concerning the relative displacement between reinforcing steel and concrete has been derived and verified by test data from literature. By means of the developed deformations criterions dependent on the steel stress, design bond stresses can be determined directly from experimental pullout tests. The consideration of transverse tensile loads is also possible for all presented design formulas.
6
Lindorf, Alexander. "Ermüdung des Verbundes von Stahlbeton unter Querzug." Doctoral thesis, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25899.
Full textAbstract:
Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit steht die gezielte Analyse des Verbundverhaltens zwischen Bewehrungsstahl und Beton unter kombinierter Beanspruchung aus Ermüdung und Querzug. Den Hintergrund bilden Stahlbetonbauteile, wie z. B. Fahrbahnplatten von Verbundbrücken, welche einen zweiaxialen Lastabtrag unter nicht vorwiegend ruhenden Belastungen aufweisen.
Die Untersuchungen für normal- und hochfesten Beton erfolgten an Ausziehkörpern mit einem durch Querzugspannungen hervorgerufenen Längsriss entlang des Bewehrungsstabes. Das Versuchsprogramm beinhaltete hochzyklische Schwellversuche mit unterschiedlichen Schwingspielen und variierenden Längsrissbreiten bis zu einer Million Lastwechseln. Anhand der Entwicklung des Schlupfes zwischen Bewehrungsstab und Beton konnte eine deutliche Abhängigkeit des Verbundwiderstandes vom Querzug beobachtet werden.
Aufbauend auf der Schlupfentwicklung erfolgt die Ableitung von normierten Wöhlerlinien der Verbundermüdung. Diese Wöhlerlinien können direkt in Beziehung zu den Wöhlerlinien der Betonstahlermüdung gesetzt werden und vereinfachen die Erstellung von Dauerfestigkeitsdiagrammen für Bemessungszwecke. Es wird deutlich, dass die Ermüdungsfestigkeit des Verbundes durch das Vorhandensein eines Längsrisses gegenüber der Betonstahlermüdung verstärkt an Bedeutung gewinnt.The main focus of the present work is the specific analysis of the bond behaviour between reinforcement and concrete under combined loading due to fatigue and transverse tension. The background is formed by reinforced concrete elements such as bridge decks of steel-concrete composite bridges, which show a biaxial load bearing behaviour under not predominantly monotonic loading. The investigations for both normal strength and high performance concrete were conducted on pull-out specimens with a longitudinal crack along the reinforcing bar caused by transverse tensile stresses. The experimental program included high cyclic tests with different stress ranges and varying longitudinal crack widths up to one million load cycles. By means of the slip development, a definite dependency of the bond strength on the transverse tension could be observed. Based on the slip development, normalised S-N curves for bond fatigue have been deduced. These S-N curves can be set in direct relation to the S-N curves for steel fatigue and simplify creating constant life diagrams for design purposes. It becomes clear that the bond fatigue strength, due to an existing longitudinal crack, gains in importance in comparison to the fatigue strength of the reinforcing steel.
Book chapters on the topic "Transverse tensile test"
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Prieto, Ll Llopart, G. Spenninger, and H. Wagner. "Experimental Determination of Energy Release Rate of Cfrp Structures by Means of Transverse Crack Tension Tests." In ICAF 2009, Bridging the Gap between Theory and Operational Practice, 513–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2746-7_29.
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Samal, M. K., and K. S. Balakrishnan. "Experiments on a Ring Tension Setup and FE Analysis to Evaluate Transverse Mechanical Properties of Tubular Components." In Modeling and Simulation Techniques in Structural Engineering, 91–115. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0588-4.ch004.
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Determination of transverse mechanical properties from ring specimens machined from tubular components is not straightforward due to presence of combined tension and bending stresses. Zircaloy tubes as used in nuclear reactors are manufactured through a complicated process of pilgering and heat-treatment and hence, the properties need to be determined in the as-manufactured condition. In this work, the authors perform ring-tensile tests on specimens of Zircaloy pressure tubes of Indian pressurized heavy water reactor in order to carry out integrity assessment of these tubes. As the loading condition in this test imposes both membrane and bending stresses in the cross-section of the ring, 3-D finite element analysis of the test setup was carried out in order to determine material stress-strain curve using an iterative technique. The effect of the design of the loading mandrel on the experimental stress-strain data has been investigated in detail. To validate the methodology, miniature tensile specimens have been tested and the data has been compared to those of ring specimens.
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Samal, M. K. "FE Analysis and Experimental Investigation of Cracked and Un-Cracked Thin-Walled Tubular Components to Evaluate Mechanical and Fracture Properties." In Modeling and Simulation Techniques in Structural Engineering, 266–93. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0588-4.ch009.
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For investigation of fracture behavior and assessment of remaining life of critical thin-walled tubular components in industry, the transverse mechanical property and the axial fracture properties are essential. However, evaluation of these properties by machining suitable standard specimens from these components directly and subjecting them to standard tests is usually not feasible. In this chapter, the nonlocal version of the Rousselier's damage model has been used to predict the fracture resistance behavior of double-edged-notched-tensile specimens made from Zircaloy-4 material. Initially, the micro-mechanical parameters have been determined from the testing of ring-type specimens. Subsequently, these parameters were used in finite element analysis of the double-edged-notched-tensile specimen in order to predict the crack growth behavior and the crack path under applied displacement-controlled loading conditions. The fracture resistance behavior obtained in terms of J-R curve was also compared with the corresponding J-R curves of axially-cracked pin-loading-tension specimens.
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Sanguigno, Luigi, Marcello Antonio Lepore, and Angelo Rosario Maligno. "Characterization of Titanium Metal Matrix Composites (Ti-MMC) Made Using Different Manufacturing Routes." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210030.
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The mechanical and morphological properties of the unidirectional metal matrix composite (MMC) in titanium alloy reinforced with continuous silicon carbide (SiC) fibres are investigated. The lay-up manufacturing process known as the Foil / Fibre (FF) lay-up was compared with the matrix-coated-fibre (CF) method which promises a better final shape of the reinforcing fibre net. Tensile tests were performed to measure mechanical performance of the manufactured MMCs both longitudinally and transversely respect to the direction of SiC fibres. Elastic behaviour of the investigated MMCs was assumed orthotropic and related to mechanical properties and spatial distribution of the MMC constituents: SiC fibres and Titanium (Ti) matrix. This was achieved using micromechanical modelling based on Finite Element (FE) calculations. FE micromechanical modelling was carried out on the Representative Elementary Volume (REV) of the MMC microstructure resolved by non-destructive analysis such as X-Ray tomography. The analysis carried out highlighted and justified mechanical performance difference between composite laminates containing the same amount of SiC reinforcement fibres for unit of volume but made following different manufacturing routes. To compute overall orthotropic behaviour of the MMC laminate, each constituent was assumed as an elastic isotropic heterogeneity during the averaging. This simplify assumption was validated by comparison with experimental data during the mechanical characterization of the investigated MMC composites.
Conference papers on the topic "Transverse tensile test"
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Kim, Jongmin, and Minchul Kim. "Derivation of Transverse Tensile Properties of Alloy 690 Steam Generator Tubes Using Ring-Tensile Specimen and Finite Element Analysis." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84828.
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Transverse tensile properties of the Alloy 690 steam generator tube used in Korean PWR(pressurized water reactor) nuclear power plant is one of the main properties to analyze creep rupture caused by the hoop stress in the severe accident conditions. Transverse tensile properties of steam generator tubes cannot be obtained directly machined from the tubes and it is also difficult to make miniaturized flat tensile specimens due to their geometry limitations. The ring-tensile specimens are widely used to measure the tensile properties in the circumferential direction, but membrane and bending stresses are mixed in the ring-tensile specimen during the test due to the shape of ring-tensile specimens. Therefore, obtaining the transverse tensile properties need the inverse analysis using finite element analysis and optimization process. In this study, ring-tensile tests were carried out using 3-piece loading mandrel. The stress-strain curve of ring-tensile specimen in transverse direction is derived by comparing the load-displacement curves of the finite element analysis with those of test. The load-displacement curves from tests agree well with the finite element results. Use of finite element analysis and optimization process as used in this work is effective to predict the transverse tensile properties of ring-tensile specimen.
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Ji, Lingkang, Li Meng, Yang Li, Chunyong Huo, and Yaorong Feng. "EBSD Study on Transverse Tensile X80 Grade Pipeline Steel." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31251.
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Transverse tension testing was carried out on an X80 grade linepipe to investigate the deformation behavior and the evolution of microstructure by means of SEM-EBSD (Electron Backscattered Diffraction) technique. Test results show that uniform elongation could achieve up to 7% in transverse tension for an X80 linepipe. Microstructural analysis shows that primary equiaxed ferrite grains obviously changed after the tension test to elongate along the length of pipeline body, but the substructure did not increase much revealing that the ferrite in X80 steel could contribute to a certain extent for ductile deformation. Orientation imaging of EBSD analysis displays that the texture components, such as γ-texture, and a little Goss and Copper texture, occurred after deformation. Otherwise, a small amount of primary α-texture still remains. It can be recognized that X80 has good deformational stability.
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El-Bagory, Tarek M. A. A., Maher Y. A. Younan, and Ibrahim M. Alarifi. "Failure Analysis of Ring Hoop Tension Test (RHTT) Specimen Under Different Loading Conditions." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84198.
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The thermo-mechanical history during manufacturing of plastic pipes affects their resulting material mechanical behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate a study of the mechanical behavior of ring tensile test specimens cut from pipe to obtain proper design data during evaluations of the final product from the polymeric pipe material. Ring hoop tension test (RHTT) is one of the most important methods that can be used to measure transverse tensile properties accurately for pressure pipes. Two types of tensile ring specimens are tested; single ring hoop tensile test specimen with one configuration of Dumb-bell-shaped (DBS) specimen in the transverse direction of the pipe ring specimen and double ring hoop tensile test with two configurations of DBS cut in the collinear direction from the pipe ring specimen. RHTT specimens are cut from the pipe in circumferential (transverse) directions with similar dimensions. The material of the investigated pipe is high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which is commonly used in natural gas piping systems. The pipe has internal rated pressure Pi = 1.6 MPa, standard dimension ratio, SDR = 11 and external diameter, Do = 90±0.5mm. All the dimensions RHTT specimens are taken according to ASTM D 2290-12 and ASTM D 638-10 standards. The ring hoop tensile tests are conducted on specimens cut out from the pipe with thickness 9.5±0.2 mm at different crosshead speeds (VC.H = 10–1000 mm/min), and loading angle, θ equal 0° at ambient environmental temperature, Ta = 20 °C to investigate the mechanical properties of RHTT specimens. The results are compared with those obtained for DBS specimens taken along the axial pipe direction [1]. This shows the effect of DBS specimen orientation (longitudinal and circumferential) on the mechanical properties of HDPE pipe material at different crosshead speeds. The tensile testing fixture is designed specially on specified design criteria in order to test the RHTT specimen in the transverse direction. The main purpose of the design of test fixture is that it prevents the bending effect and stress concentration due to rotation of half disks during the tensile test. In order to avoid this rotation, the half disks are fixed, and their sharp ends are smoothed (rounded). The present experimental work reveals that the crosshead speeds, specimen orientation of DBS and configuration of DBS for RHTT specimens have a significant effect on the resulting mechanical behavior of HDPE pipe material.
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Sævik, Svein, and Guomin Ji. "Differential Equation for Evaluating Transverse Buckling Behavior of Tensile Armour Wires." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24158.
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The present paper addresses aspects related to transverse tensile armour buckling in flexible pipes. An analytical model for evaluating the tensile armour buckling capacity is presented based on formulating the linearised differential equation describing the transverse stability of the thin curved wire assuming no friction. This is followed by a numerical study based on FE analysis to evaluate the extra capacity from friction during cyclic bending behaviour and where the yield stress is used as the failure criteria. The results is then compared to test data and a design criteria for transverse tensile armour buckling proposed.
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Sævik, Svein, and Henan Li. "Shear Interaction and Transverse Buckling of Tensile Armours in Flexible Pipes." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10130.
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The present paper addresses aspects of stresses, relative sliding and buckling in tensile armour layers of flexible pipes. Analytical models for torsion and curvature due to both axisymmetric loads and bending are presented. A shear interaction model is further formulated that allows for including the effect of shear deformations in the plastic layers and the model performance is investigated with respect to two full-scale experiments. A simple analytical model for non constrained transverse tensile armour buckling is formulated and compared to laboratory test data. Numerical studies are carried out to investigate the validity range of the torsion and curvature both due to axisymmetric and bending loads. In the former case two different computer codes are applied together with results published by others to validate the model. In the latter case, models including friction interaction between layers and the effect of cyclic bending is used to investigate the performance of the analytical models.
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Hatamleh, Mohammad I., Sepehr Sadeh, Tayyub Farooq, Arif S. Malik, and Dong Qian. "Finite Element Study of Laser Peening on Selective Laser Melted A357 Aluminum Alloy During Tension Test." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6706.
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Laser shock peening (LSP) is an advanced surface treatment technique that can extend fatigue life in metallic components by inducing near-surface compressive residual stresses. In this study, LSP was implemented to induce compressive residual stresses and modify material properties of selective laser melted (SLM) aluminum A357 specimens. An initial hypothesis on the effect of LSP during tension testing was formulated and tested using finite element simulation. The hypothesis was that, due to the LSP-induced tensile residual stress field in the middle of the specimen cross sections, yielding was expected to initiate in this region. True stress-strain curves of two as-built (AB) and two laser shock peened samples were obtained through transverse tensile tests. The single explicit analysis using time dependent damping (SEATD) technique was used to simulate LSP process utilizing Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive parameters. J-C parameters for the cast A357 alloy were used for preliminary study. This was followed by the simulation of the transverse tensile test. J-C parameters for SLM A357 alloy were then empirically estimated, and simulations were repeated accordingly. It was found that the specific LSP pattern induced tensile residual stresses along the edges as well as the middle of the test specimen’s cross-section. Axial residual stress and yield strength profiles along three different paths on specimen’s cross-section were compared and yield regions were investigated. This supported the initial hypothesis, but also provided for a more detailed understanding of actual tensile test failure in the specific SLM A357 specimens for the given LSP treatment. In addition, the same LSP treatment on SLM A357 alloy resulted in lower magnitude of compressive residual stress than for cast A357 aluminum alloy.
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Gilkey, Lindsay N., John L. Bignell, Remi Dingreville, Scott E. Sanborn, and Chris A. Jones. "Blind Prediction of the Response of an Additively Manufactured Tensile Test Coupon Loaded to Failure." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84246.
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Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) conducted in the summer of 2017 its third fracture challenge (i.e., the Third Sandia Fracture Challenge or SFC3). The challenge, which was open to the public, asked participants to predict, without foreknowledge of the outcome, the fracture response predictions of an additively manufactured tensile test coupon of moderate geometric complexity when loaded to failure. This paper outlines the approach taken by our team, one of the SNL teams that participated in the challenge, to make a prediction. To do so, we employed a traditional finite element approach coupled with a continuum damage mechanics constitutive model. Constitutive model parameters were determined through a calibration process of the model response with the provided longitudinal and transverse tensile test coupon data. Comparison of model predictions with the challenge coupon test results are presented and general observations gleaned from the exercise are provided.
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Collins, L. E., and M. Rashid. "Best Practices for Yield Stress Determination Using the Flattened Strap Tensile Test." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33684.
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The tensile properties of line pipe are usually determined using a flattened strap tensile sample which is obtained by cutting a long transverse sample from the pipe and then flattening it prior to machining the final tensile coupon. Although, several documents have been published to standardize this test, variability in the reported yield stress for the same material tested by different labs continues to be an issue particularly in high strength line pipe (X70 and X80). Pipe properties are influenced by the pipe forming operations which introduce plastic strain into the steel. As well, the flattening of the tensile blank reverses the deformation and leads to Bauchinger effects which further alter the tensile properties of the material. There is no standard available for the flattening process and pipe manufacturers and operators continue to seek a best practice for the process. In addition, other factors such as placement of extensometer on a flattenend tensile specimen during the tensile testing have been considered a source of variation in the results. Several projects were conducted to identify the source of variability and to standardize the flattening and testing process among the Evraz QA Labs. These initiatives included: a round robin tensile testing program in which tensile tests were performed on flat plates and subsequently on flattened strap specimens produced from a sister plate; examination of a 2-step flattening procedure against a 1-step method, and investigation of the extensometer placement (ID, OD or side mounted) on the recorded stress-strain behaviour. The flattening process was found to be the main source of variability of yield stress. No real trend was observed resulting from extensometer position. Other testing practices such as specimen gripping, zeroing the load and positioning at the start of the test, and the dimensional variability within the reduced section of a specimen were also found to contribute to yield stress variability. Best practices for determination of yield stress using flattened strap tensile samples are discussed.
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Kuo, Wen-Shyong, Wennei Y. Chen, Azar Parvizi-Majidi, and Tsu-Wei Chou. "Characterization and Modeling of Tensile Behavior of Ceramic Woven Fabric Composites." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-105.
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This paper examines the tensile behavior of SiC/SiC fabric composites. In the characterization effort, the stress-strain relation and damage evolution are studied with a series of loading and unloading tensile test experiments. The stress-strain relation is linear in response to the initial loading and becomes nonlinear when loading exceeds the proportional limit. Transverse cracking has been observed to be a dominant damage mode governing the nonlinear deformation. The damage is initiated at the inter-tow pores where fiber yarns cross over each other. In the modeling work, the analysis is based upon a fiber bundle model, in which fiber undulation in the warp and fill directions and gaps among fiber yarns have been taken into account. Two limiting cases of fabric stacking arrangements are studied. Closed form solutions are obtained for the composite stiffness and Poisson’s ratio. Transverse cracking in the composite is discussed by applying a constant failure strain criterion.
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Roemer, Timothy J., Brad L. Kinsey, and Yannis P. Korkolis. "Design of a Continuous-Bending-Under-Tension Machine and Initial Experiments on Al-6022-T4." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9440.
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An experimental technique called Continuous-Bending-Under-Tension (CBT) can produce elongations over two times that of a standard tensile test by preventing the necking instability from occurring. This is achieved by superposing plastic bending on tension along the gage length of the material using three rollers. The specimen is kept under tension as the rollers apply the three point bending and cyclically transverse along the gage length. This localizes the plastic deformation by subjecting the specimen to bending-under-tension. Details on the design of the unique CBT machine and some preliminary results for the CBT research being conducted are presented here. These results include CBT tests where the roller depth was varied to demonstrate the increased elongation compared to the traditional tension test, CBT repeatability, and a modified friction test using the CBT machine.
Reports on the topic "Transverse tensile test"
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Roesler, Jeffery, Roberto Montemayor, John DeSantis, and Prakhar Gupta. Evaluation of Premature Cracking in Urban Concrete Pavement. Illinois Center for Transportation, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-001.
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This study investigated the causes for premature, transverse cracking on urban jointed plain concrete pavements in Illinois. A field survey of 67 sections throughout Illinois coupled with ultrasonic evaluation was completed to synthesize the extent of premature cracking on urban JPCP. The visual survey showed some transverse and longitudinal cracks were a result of improper slab geometry (excessive slab length and width). Ultrasonic tests over the contraction joints determined some notched joints had not activated and adjacent transverse cracks were likely formed as a result. Three-dimensional finite-element analyses confirmed that cracking would not develop as a result of normal environmental factors and slab-base frictional restraint. The concrete mixture also did not appear to be a contributing factor to the premature cracks. Finally, the lack of lubrication on dowel bars was determined to potentially be a primary mechanism that could restrain the transverse contraction joints, produce excessive tensile stresses in the slab, and cause premature transverse cracks to develop.