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1
Schiltz, Anne. "Les institutions de voisinage en Transylvanie: transmission d'une pratique du don." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210275.
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La Nachbarschaft ou « institution de voisinage » est une forme d’entraide instituée pratiquée en Transylvanie/Roumanie depuis des siècles. Elle se réfère à une forme spécifique et organisée de relations de voisinage au sein des différents groupes ethniques roumain, tsigane, saxon ou hongrois.L’évolution de la cohabitation interethnique, la définition et les revendications des uns et des autres sont intimement liées à l’articulation des relations économiques, sociales, de pouvoir et d’autonomie à travers le temps. Les relations qualifiées aujourd’hui d’« interethniques » s’inscrivent dans un lent processus de cohabitation, à différentes échelles, dont les catégories ont perduré mais ont changé de signification au cours des siècles.
Quelle est la place de cette institution vieille de plusieurs siècles dans la Roumanie actuelle, dite « en transition » depuis la chute du régime communiste? Les institutions de voisinage continuent-elles à combler un certain vide laissé par l’Etat ?Alors que la construction de la « société civile », terme clé de la littérature scientifique sur la transition des pays de l’Est, est un des processus jugés vitaux dans les années suivant la chute du mur, l’institution de voisinage n’a pas arrêté d’investir cet échelon de vie collective. Comment investit-elle cet espace d’échange entre unités domestiques, sur quoi est fondé cet échange ?Enfin, quelles sont les dynamiques qui l’animent et qui conditionnent sa transmission ?
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Crai, Eugen. "The vampires of Transylvania : ethnic accommodation and legal pluralism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64267.pdf.
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Burcea, Horatiu L. "Policies of cultural assimilation in Transylvania : Magyarization and Romanianization." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2009. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1538078.
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This paper examines the issue of cultural assimilation in terms of Romanianization and
Magyarization from the angle of a historical ethnography conducted in the Transylvanian village of Ghimeş-Făget, Bacău. These two concepts are readings of social change based on the assumption that the deep social transformations that Transylvania experienced during the changes of rule in the region
between Hungary and Romania were parallel to the implementation of deliberate strategies of
assimilation. More than simple reforms, these social changes are considered to have created shifts in the population's language, religion, sense of historical heritage and national identity. According to this
perspective, Transylvania thus became Magyarized during Hungarian rule, and Romanianized after
1920. Focusing on the evolution of the educational system as a key factor in the execution of these policies, this paper attempts to demonstrate how these two processes can be related to each other and become, in a sense, complementary; it also develops an interpretation of the phenomenon of reassimilation
through the concept of “national therapy.”Introduction : Transylvania's multiculturalism -- Literature and theory -- Research methods -- Historical ethnography of Ghimeş-Făget -- Conclusions.
Department of Anthropology
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Artenie, Cristina. "Transylvania and romania in scholarly editions of Bram Stoker's Dracula." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26404.
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À partir des années 1970, le roman Dracula de Bram Stoker (1897) a connu une série inattendue d’éditions critiques, qui ont contribué en même temps à la canonisation d’une œuvre de fiction considérée auparavant comme dédaignable et à la perpétuation des points de vue du roman sur la Transylvanie et la Roumanie. En général, les éditeurs suivent le principe selon lequel les annotations doivent permettre au public d’aujourd’hui d’avoir une expérience de lecture similaire à celle des premiers lecteurs et aussi proche de l’intention de l’auteur que possible. Dans le cas de Dracula, cela présuppose que beaucoup des choix idéologiques de Stoker restent inexpliqués et indisputés, tandis que ses représentations des peuples et des lieux “lointains” sont soutenues par l’usage que font les éditeurs des notes de travail du romancier. Stoker a pris note, en les modifiant, des centaines de citations de différentes sources qu’il a ensuite incorporées dans le texte du roman. Les éditeurs de Dracula se fient à ces notes, sans prendre en compte les changements opérés par le romancier, les passages qu’il a utilisés mais qui n’apparaissent pas dans les notes, ou le fait que les sources sont souvent biaisées ou simplement érronées. Ainsi, les éditions critiques du roman de Stoker préservent et même contribuent au processus d’altérisation commencé par l’auteur de Dracula. L’analyse du discours d’altérisation est directement liée à la discussion du contexte historique du roman, c’est-à-dire le statut néo-colonial de la Roumanie, abordé dans la deuxième partie de cette étude. Les faits qui y sont mis en valeur montrent que ce que Stoker savait et ceux qu’il connaissait ont influencé ses choix d’endroits, de personnages et d’intrigue. L’implication de la Grande Bretagne dans l’économie et la politique de la region, avant et après la Guerre de Crimée, attestée par la présence des aventuriers coloniaux britaniques et par celle de la marine militaire anglaise sur le Danube, n’a guère était étudiée par les historiens. Le même peut être dit de l’implication de Londres au sein de la Commission Européenne du Danube. La présente étude pourrait aussi être utile aux spécialistes du postcolonialisme, de la mondialisation ou à ceux qui s’intéressent aux transformations apportées par le capitalisme dans le Bas Danube et à l’intégration des principautés roumains dans le marché économique mondial. Stoker a trouvé ses sources parmi les écrits des voyageurs en Transylvanie et Roumanie qui se préoccupaient des avantages économiques offerts par ces pays. Leurs écrits ont d’abord stimulé et ensuite soutenu l’implication de la Grande Bretagne dans l’économie de la région. La présente thèse va au-delà d’une autre frontière, en passant des études littéraires à l’anthropologie. Les anthropologues culturels peuvent trouver utile la discussion du temps et de la différence dans le roman de Stoker et dans les annotations des éditeurs. Dans les deux cas, il s’agit de la collection et de la manipulation des données concernant une région européenne « lointaine ». La (non)existence des croyances aux vampires est une situation qui peut fournir un aperçu des pratiques traditionnelles mais aussi, ce qui est plus important, des conséquences profondes du travail anthropologique du dix-neuvième siècle. Bien qu’elle soit un examen des éditions les plus richement annotées du roman de Bram Stoker, la présente étude est interdisciplinaire. Elle utilise des théories et des conceptes de plusieurs domaines, tout en attirant l’attention sur les liens complexes entre la culture, l’histoire, la politique et l’économie. Ce que cette étude montre surtout, c’est le lien étroit entre l’objet littéraire et le contexte dans lequel il a été produit.Since the 1970s, Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897) has gone through an unexpectedly long series of scholarly editions, which has contributed both to the canonisation of a work of fiction previously considered undeserving and to the perpetuation of the novel’s views on Transylvania and Romania. As a rule, editors follow the principle according to which their annotations should allow today’s audience a reading experience similar to that of the original reader and as close to the author’s intention as possible. In Dracula’s case, this means that much of Stoker’s ideological choices remain unexplained and unchallenged, while his representations of “remote” people and places are supported by the editors’ use of the writer’s working notes. Stoker took down, in altered form, hundreds of quotes from several sources that he incorporated into the text of the novel. The editors of Dracula rely heavily on these notes, without taking into account the changes brought by the novelist, the passages that he used but do not appear in the notes, and the fact that the sources were often biased or simply wrong. Thus, the many scholarly editions of Stoker’s novel preserve and even enhance its original process of othering. The analysis of the othering discourse is closely linked to the discussion of the historical context of the novel, that is, to the neo-colonial status of Romania, examined in the second part of this study. The information unearthed here shows that who and what Stoker knew influenced his choice of place, plot and character, which can provide a new line of inquiry for both literary critics and historians. The involvement of Great Britain in the economy and politics of the region, before and after the Crimean War, attested by the presence of British colonial adventurers and by that of the British navy on the river Danube, has only been marginally studied by historians, and the same is true about the study of the British involvement in the European Commission of the Danube. The present study can be equally useful to scholars engaged with postcolonialism, globalisation, and the transformations brought about by capitalism in the Lower Danube region and by the integration of the Romanian principalities into the world market economy. Stoker’s sources were travellers to Transylvania and Romania who were preoccupied with the economic advantages those countries had to offer. Their writings both stimulated and, later, supported the British involvement in the economy of the region. This dissertation crosses yet another boundary, from literary studies into anthropology. Cultural anthropologists can find useful the discussion of time and difference in Stoker’s novel and in the annotations of the editors, both of which involve the collection and manipulation of data from a “remote” European region. In the case of Dracula, the (non)existence of vampire beliefs is an interesting case study which provides insight into the practice but, more importantly, into the far-reaching consequences of nineteenth-century anthropological work. Although an examination of the most heavily annotated scholarly editions of Bram Stoker’s vampire novel, the present study is interdisciplinary. It employs theories and concepts from several fields, thus bringing to the fore the intricate links between culture, history, politics and economy. What this study shows, more importantly, is the close link between the literary object and the context in which it was produced.
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Sunday, Julie Rethmann Petra. "Expanding borders: creating latitude for Hungarian-minority autonomy within Transylvania, Romania, and a new Europe /." *McMaster only, 2005.
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Szocs, Brigitta E. "The implications identity construction and self-identification can have in a borderland region of Transylvania, Romania." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2009. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1540711.
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Ghimes-Faget, Transylvania, Romania is a complex region where ethnic identity is not clear. The area has been going through a continuing process of change. In the past century, history has been an important aspect in the daily lives of the residing individuals. With the constant changes in history, this has impacted ethnic identity in the region. This region is posed to be “the Csango” region in Transylvania and continues to increase in tourism. However, when examined in detail of how people in Ghimes-Faget ethnically identify themselves, a number of factors influence their decision. This thesis will examine the factors and the elements that I have found to be essential when discussing ethnic identity in the Ghimes region. I will provide examples from field research that was conducted in Ghimes-Faget in the summer of 2008.Theoretical discussion -- Historical perspective -- Fieldwork in Ghimes-Faget -- Ethnic identity in Ghimes-Faget -- Factors affecting Csango ethnicity.
Department of Anthropology
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Broscatan, Monica Simona. "19th century furniture of Southern Transylvania : a survey and analysis of the vernacular tradition." Thesis, Bucks New University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251262.
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Roşu, Felicia. "Contractual majesty electoral politics in Transylvania and Poland-Lithuania, 1571-1586 /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/454250042/viewonline.
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Davis, Sacha Edward History & Philosophy Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Minority responses to the nation-state: Transylvanian Saxon ethno-corporatism, 1919-1933." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. History & Philosophy, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40698.
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The Transylvanian Saxons provide a case study of how small minorities respond to their lack of statehood and the imposition of an "alien" nation-state upon them. In this thesis, I will argue that, as with many other minorities unwilling or unable to form a nation-state in their own right, the Saxons sought collective rights on the basis of self-determination. This included access to resources, self-administration, an independent education system, the ability to exclude outgroups and powers by which to ensure social norms within the community. Their aims did not include territorial autonomy or independence, and for this reason it is necessary to consider their strivings as distinct from nationalism. I term this attempt to secure collective self-determination by non-territorial means "ethnocorporatism". The goals of Saxon ethno-corporatism were influenced by the broader discussion of minority rights in interwar Europe before and after the First World War. In this sense, the Saxons were typical of many small communities in interwar Europe. The Saxons approached the challenges of ethno-corporatism by numerous means. These included the pursuit of collective legal rights by negotiation with the Romanian state, positing a broader multi-ethnic Transylvanian polity that would guarantee collective ethnic rights, pursuing ethno-corporatism under the banner of religious freedoms and seeking to strengthen ties with other German communities. While a number of these strategies met with partial success, none fully compensated for the lack of a state, and all fell short of Saxon expectations. I argue that disappointment with other attempts to achieve ethnocorporate status led to growing radicaIisation of Saxon ethnic identity, and to the eventual adoption of fascism. In this sense, while influenced by currents from Germany, Saxon "National Socialism" can paradoxically be seen as stemming from the pursuit of minority right.
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Fall, Andras. "Fluid evolution in the nepheline syenites of the Ditrău Alkaline Massif, Transylvania, Romania." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31681.
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The Ditrău Alkaline Massif (Romania) is located in the Eastern Carpathians, as an intrusion in the Bukovina nappe system of the Mesozoic crystalline zone. Nepheline syenites are the most abundant rocks occurring in the central and eastern part of the Massif, and represent the youngest intrusion of the complex. Petrographic observations and fluid inclusion studies were performed on nepheline syenites in order to examine the evolution and the effect of the magmatic fluids on the alteration of nepheline to secondary minerals as sodalite, cancrinite and analcime. Fluid inclusion studies in nepheline, aegirine, albite and cancrinite provide evidence for the role of highly saline fluids in incongruent transformation reactions by which sodalite, cancrinite and analcime crystallize mostly on the expense of nepheline. The fluids, in most cases, can be modeled by the H2O-NaCl system with various NaCl contents; however inclusions with more complex fluid (containing also K, Ca, CO3, etc. besides H2O and NaCl) composition are abundant. Raman spectroscopic studies of daughter minerals in inclusions demonstrate the presence of alkali-carbonatic fluids in some of the earliest inclusions of nepheline, aegirine and albite. The alteration process is supported by the presence of H2O-NaCl fluid inclusions in cancrinite, showing lower salinity compared to those in nepheline. During the crystallization period of the nepheline syenites the rock was in equilibrium with a high salinity, carbonate rich solution that evolved to decreased salinity with time. The following observations support this:
- paragenesis of mineral phases and their fluid inclusions: the early phases have high salinity inclusions and the late phases have low-salinity inclusions
- the partitioning of chlorine depends on the pressure of the system: at about 2.0 kbars, the fluids coexisting with the melt have a high initial salinity and the salinity decreases with time; inclusions in nepheline show the lowest trapping pressure at ~2.5 kbars, hence the system has a high initial salinity and decreases with time
- aH2O increases with time, resulting in the formation of H2O-bearing phases in a late stage of the crystallization of nepheline syenites.Master of Science
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Williamson, Hugh Francis. "Transylvanian Baroque : liberalism and its others in rural Romania." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289028.
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This thesis is an exploration of liberalism in Romania and in anthropology. Liberalism is frequently represented in contemporary anthropology as a hegemonic technocratic practice, rationalist ideology and hypocritically exclusionary politics. I challenge this representation through an ethnography of a British-Romanian rural revitalisation and conservation programme in the Saxon villages region of southern Transylvania, Romania, and the vernacular liberalism of the cosmopolitan youth who have taken this project up. Douglas Holmes has asserted that in the European Union (EU) in the twenty-first century, communities and people are experimenting with new identity projects that fuse the liberal and illiberal in innovative ways. I trace how the rural revitalisation programme brought together romantic, "integralist" visions of the Saxon villages with the EU's liberal technologies of governance to create a set of projects the value of which could be translated between diverse sets of actors, from British tourists through European bureaucrats and Transylvanian farmers. This provided local youth with the possibility of making a life in their home region in a context of significant economic decline and massive emigration. The seemingly disparate liberal and romantic elements, initially brought together in a transnational context, were "domesticated" by Transylvanian liberals as complementary resources that could be mobilised to combat entrenched problems of Romanian society and modernity, as liberals saw it, notably the failure of the state to provide key services and the stagnation of the public sphere. The state's failures had led liberals to abandon it is a source of hope, turning instead to voluntary action, which made the dilemmas of how to mobilise engaged publics all the more crucial. Village liberals' attempts to foster such publics frequently ended up reproducing their own marginality, however. Against conventional representations of liberalism, I argue that its technocratic pretensions can be an object of hope in a milieu where expertise is perceived to be absent as much as an institutional hegemony. I further conclude that the multiple ways in which the liberal and the romantic are combined challenges dominant images of liberal ideology and practice as purely abstract and formal.
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Horváth, Levente László. "The concept of mission in the Hungarian Reformed Church in Transylvania, 1895-1950." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683250.
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Fărcaş, Teodora Viorica. "The development of accounting thought and accounting higher education in Eastern Europe : the case of Transylvania, Romania." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT4025.
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Cette thèse porte sur l’histoire de la comptabilité en Roumanie et s’intéresse principalement à l’introduction de la comptabilité dans les disciplines de l'enseignement supérieur et à l’évolution de la pensée comptable en Transylvanie, l’une des principales provinces de la Roumanie. Située au nord-ouest du pays et ayant été à divers moments sous domination hongroise, austro-hongroise ou encore ottomane, ce n’est qu’en 1918 qu’elle est devenue partie intégrante de la Roumanie, avant d’être de nouveau occupée, pour une courte période, par la Hongrie en 1940. La parution, en 1837, du premier ouvrage de comptabilité en langue roumaine, écrit et publié en Transylvanie, marque le point de départ de la période étudiée. Celle-ci s’achève en 1950, avec la dissolution de l’Académie des Hautes Études Commerciales et Industrielles de Cluj, créée en 1920, une institution qui a joué un rôle primordial dans l’évolution de la pensée comptable durant la première moitié du XXe siècle. L’objectif de la thèse est de mettre en évidence l’importance de « l’école de comptabilité de Transylvanie » dans le développement de la pensée comptable en Roumanie, ainsi que dans celui de son enseignement et dans l’essor de la profession comptable. Ce travail repose sur une étude approfondie des écrits des auteurs comptables de la région, ainsi que sur des investigations archivistiques qui ont permis de reconstituer leurs biographies et de mettre en évidence leurs rôles respectifs dans les évolutions des différentes institutions étudiées : établissements d’enseignement supérieur et organisations professionnelles de comptables. Il s’appuie sur le concept d’école de pensée comptable élaboré par Previts (1972) tout en rattachant systématiquement les faits étudiés au contexte social, économique et politique dans lequel ils se sont déroulés. Il démontre en particulier l’importance de l’influence exercée sur l’évolution de la pensée comptable roumaine par l’école allemande de comptabilité ; l’une des plus fécondes du XXe siècle par sa participation à l’élaboration de certains des concepts qui se situent aujourd’hui aux fondements des normes comptables internationales.
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Mikulčak, Friederike [Verfasser], and Jörn [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer. "Governing rural development and biodiversity conservation. The case of Southern Transylvania (Romania) / Friederike Mikulčak. Betreuer: Jörn Fischer." Lüneburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079067000/34.
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Sutcliffe, Laura [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Leuschner, and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Marggraf. "Conservation, biodiversity and governance of semi-natural grasslands in Southern Transylvania (Romania) / Laura Sutcliffe. Gutachter: Christoph Leuschner ; Rainer Marggraf. Betreuer: Christoph Leuschner." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1057996688/34.
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Blomqvist, Anders E. B. "Economic Nationalizing in the Ethnic Borderlands of Hungary and Romania : Inclusion, Exclusion and Annihilation in Szatmár/Satu-Mare 1867–1944." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108032.
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The history of the ethnic borderlands of Hungary and Romania in the years 1867–1944 were marked by changing national borders, ethnic conflicts and economic problems. Using a local case study of the city and county of Szatmár/Satu-Mare, this thesis investigates the practice and social mechanisms of economic nationalizing. It explores the interplay between ethno-national and economic factors, and furthermore analyses what social mechanisms lead to and explain inclusion, exclusion and annihilation. The underlying principle of economic nationalizing in both countries was the separation of citizens into ethnic categories and the establishment of a dominant core nation entitled to political and economic privileges from the state. National leaders implemented a policy of economic nationalizing that exploited and redistributed resources taken from the minorities. To pursue this end, leaders instrumentalized ethnicity, which institutionalized inequality and ethnic exclusion. This process of ethnic, and finally racial, exclusion marked the whole period and reached its culmination in the annihilation of the Jews throughout most of Hungary in 1944. For nearly a century, ethnic exclusion undermined the various nationalizing projects in the two countries: the Magyarization of the minorities in dualist Hungary (1867–1918); the Romanianization of the economy of the ethnic borderland in interwar Romania (1918–1940); and finally the re-Hungarianization of the economy in Second World War Hungary (1940–1944). The extreme case of exclusion, namely the Holocaust, revealed that the path of exclusion brought nothing but destruction for everyone. This reinforces the thesis that economic nationalizing through the exclusion of minorities induces a vicious circle of ethnic bifurcation, political instability and unfavorable conditions for achieving economic prosperity. Exclusion served the short-term elite’s interest but undermined the long-term nation’s ability to prosper.
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Munteanu, Rares. "Untersuchung der Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten alternativer Wirtschaftstätigkeiten infolge der Bergbaurestrukturierung im Schiltal." Doctoral thesis, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 1998. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22716.
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Die Arbeit fängt mit einer Beschreibung des Zustands der Kohlenbergbauindustrie weltweit und des zukünftigen Bedarfes für Kohle an. Danach folgt eine allgemeine Beschreibung des Restrukturierungsprozesses des Kohlenbergbaus in Rumänien und eine vertiefende Untersuchung der Situation im Schiltal infolge des Umstrukturierungsprozesses.
Die schwierige sozioökonomische Lage im Schiltal braucht konkrete Lösungen; das Potenzial der Region bietet die Möglichkeit für zukünftige Entwicklungen. Eine vollständige, umfangreiche Analyse und ein Entwicklungskonzept wurden durchgeführt bzw. entwickelt. Es werden sowohl die Entwicklung von alternativen Wirtschaftstätigkeiten, als auch die Modernisierung und Rentabilisierung des traditionellen Bergbaus begründet.
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Munteanu, Rares. "Untersuchung der Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten alternativer Wirtschaftstätigkeiten infolge der Bergbaurestrukturierung im Schiltal." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-27685.
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Die Arbeit fängt mit einer Beschreibung des Zustands der Kohlenbergbauindustrie weltweit und des zukünftigen Bedarfes für Kohle an. Danach folgt eine allgemeine Beschreibung des Restrukturierungsprozesses des Kohlenbergbaus in Rumänien und eine vertiefende Untersuchung der Situation im Schiltal infolge des Umstrukturierungsprozesses.
Die schwierige sozioökonomische Lage im Schiltal braucht konkrete Lösungen; das Potenzial der Region bietet die Möglichkeit für zukünftige Entwicklungen. Eine vollständige, umfangreiche Analyse und ein Entwicklungskonzept wurden durchgeführt bzw. entwickelt. Es werden sowohl die Entwicklung von alternativen Wirtschaftstätigkeiten, als auch die Modernisierung und Rentabilisierung des traditionellen Bergbaus begründet.
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Sfirlea, Titus Gabriel. "THE TRANSYLVANIAN SCHOOL: ENLIGHTENED INSTRUMENT OF ROMANIAN NATIONALISM." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07182005-174056/.
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The end of the eighteen and the beginning of the nineteen centuries represented a period of national renaissance for the Romanian population within the Great Principality of Transylvania. The nation, within a span of under fifty years, documented its Latin origins, rewrote its history, language, and grammar, and attempted to educate and gain political rights for its members within the Habsburg Empire?s family of nations. Four Romanian intellectuals led this enormous endeavor and left their philosophical imprint on the politics and social structure of the newly forged nation: Samuil Micu, Gheorghe ªincai, Petru Maior, and Ion-Budai Deleanu. Together they formed a school of thought called the Transylvanian School. Micu, Maior, and ªincai (at least early in his career), under the inspiration of the ideas of enlightened absolutism reflected in the reign of Joseph II, advocated and worked tirelessly to introduce reforms from above as a means for national education and emancipation. Deleanu, fully influenced by a combination of ideas emanating from French Enlightenment and French revolutionary sources, argued that the Romanian population of Transylvania could achieve social and political rights only if they were willing to fight for them.
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Nixon, Paul John. "Transylvanian nexus : human interdependencies and music-making in the Gurghiu Valley." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296795.
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Ivan, Oana. "The European Union, sheep and Transylvanians." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1313910491&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Berkes, Antal. "L'affaire des optants : les enjeux nationaux et internationaux d'un différend roumano-hongrois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA030035.
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Le différend roumano-hongrois des optants, qui se déroula de 1922 à 1930, est un conflit international qui accompagna la politique des affaires étrangères de la Hongrie et de la Roumanie tout au long de l’époque d’entre-deux-guerres, et qui s’inséra dans un contexte historique plus global. À la suite de l’occupation et l’annexion de la Transylvanie par la Roumanie, quelques 360-370 familles hongroises d’origine de la Transylvanie utilisèrent leur droit d’option et choisirent la nationalité hongroise. Or, contrairement aux dispositions du Traité de paix de Trianon, ils perdirent leurs domaines fonciers dans la réforme agraire transylvaine sans aucune compensation. Ils initièrent, ainsi que le gouvernement hongrois dans leur nom, un litige international contre la Roumanie pour revendiquer la restituttion ou la compensation des domaines fonciers expropriés. La thèse démontre qu’aussi bien la Roumanie que la Hongrie furent intéressées non pas au règlement prompt de la dispute à tout prix, mais à sa publicité sur la scène internationale afin de renforcer leurs narrations favorable (position roumaine) ou hostile (position hongroise révisionniste) au statu quo créé par le traité de paix de Trianon. Quant aux optants, peu d’entre eux réussirent à sauvegarder leur position économique et sociale d’élite, mais la plupart d’entre eux subirent un déracinement et un appauvrissement, malgré leur réussite finale à obtenir justice et une compensation pour les terres perduesThe Romanian-Hungarian optants dispute, which took place from 1922 to 1930, is an international conflict which accompanied Hungary’s and Romania’s policy of foreign affairs throughout the interwar period, and which fits into a global historical context. Following the occupation and annexation of Transylvania by Romania, some 360-370 Hungarian families of Transylvanian origin used their right of option and chose Hungarian nationality. However, contrary to the provisions of the treaty of peace of Trianon, they lost their land estates in the Transylvanian agrarian reform without any compensation. They initiated, as well as the Hungarian government in their name, an international dispute against Romania to claim the restitution or compensation of the expropriated land estates. The thesis demonstrates that both Romania and Hungary were interested not in the prompt settlement of the dispute at all costs, but in its publicity on the international scene in order to strengthen their narratives favorable (Romanian position) or hostile (Hungarian revisionist position) to the status quo created by the Trianon peace treaty. As for the optants, few of them managed to safeguard their elite economic and social position but most of them suffered uprooting and impoverishment, despite their ultimate success in securing justice and compensation for the lost lands
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Paul, Lucia. "Transylvanian Saxons' migration from Romania to Germany : the formation of a 'return' diaspora?" Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11541.
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Processes and patterns of migration on a global scale have changed in profound ways during the last two decades (Smith and King, 2012). In the European context, this is exemplified by transformations to the traditional mobility patterns from East to West Europe (Koser and Lutz, 1998), with migrants more likely to be involved in temporary circular and transnational mobility (Favell, 2008). Since the end of the Second World War, historical and political events in Europe have facilitated the mobility of ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe to Germany. Subsequently, the fall of the Iron Curtain has permitted unrestrained East-West movements, which resulted in mass migrations towards the West and diaspora fragments in the East. However, after settlement in the West, ethnic Germans have also been absorbed within wider temporary and transnational movements (Koser, 2007). Within this context, this thesis examines the post-migratory lives of three generations of Transylvanian Saxons in Germany by exploring the cultural, social, economic and political dimensions of this community. This thesis aims to contribute to on-going academic debates about diasporas by explicitly responding to Hoerder s (2002) call for more studies on ethnic German diasporas. It shows that Transylvanian Saxons, who relocated to the ancestral homeland, do not disrupt identities and lives forged in diaspora, but rather, they negotiate complex identities and belongings in relation to both home and homeland . It reveals a double diaspora and the necessity to perceive identity and diaspora as dynamic processes and constantly evolving in relation to time, space and place. This double diasporic allegiance in the case of the Transylvanian Saxons suggests interrogating the formation of a return diaspora and its importance for processes of international migration.
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Georgescu, Tudor Vlad. "The Eugenic Fortress: The Transylvanian Saxon Experiment with 'National Renewal' in Interwar Romania." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493413.
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The oldest of the various German minorities to begin the interwar period as new citizens of a substantially enlarged 'Greater Romania', the Transylvanian Saxons had a firmly entrenched national identity. But the sweeping revisions to Eastern Europe's borders in the First World War's wake marked a crucial turning point in the relationship between ethnic minorities and their host nations. It ushered in a new era characterised by increasingly radical nation-building projects. Historians' interest in the numerous eugenic movements the interwar period produced has tended to focus on empowered nation states, while the study advanced here asks why an ethnic minority would turn to eugenics. It seeks to analyse how racial-hygiene was seen to offer the Transylvanian Saxons a novel framework through which to regenerate and re-homogenise a biologically re-defined nation behind the walls of a 'eugenic fortress'.
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Pralong, Sandra. "Does Culture matter ? : regional differences in the development of Romania's civil society (1990-2005)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0047.
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Cette thèse établit l’existence de larges variations régionales dans le développement de la vie associative roumaine, et cherche a démontrer que les variations sont dues aux différences culturelles entre les régions. Je montre que l’enclave hongroise de la région des Sicules a jusqu’a quatre fois plus d’associations que le reste du pays et que, de manière générale, la Transylvanie a une densité associative plus grande et une société civile plus foisonnante que le reste du pays (et ceci en dépit du fait que les contraintes légales et institutionnelles étaient les mêmes lorsque la vie associative a repris après 1989). Pour analyser la relevance des facteurs culturels, j’ai utilise la méthodologie de Geert Hofstede. J’ai découvert que parmi ses 5 dimensions culturelles (Distance par rapport au pouvoir, Individualisme/Collectivisme; Masculinité/Féminité; Suppression de l’Incertitude et Orientation dans le temps pour le Court ou le Long Terme), seules la Distance par rapport au pouvoir et la Suppression de l’Incertitude semblent appropries en termes de développement de la société civileThis thesis establishes the existence of large regional variations in Romania’s associative life and seeks to probe whether the origin of such discrepancies is cultural. I reveal that in the Hungarian-speaking enclave of Secui there are up to four-times more associations than in the rest of the country. Also, I show that Transylvania as a whole has a higher associational density and a more vibrant civil society than the rest of the country, in spite of the fact that that the legal and institutional constraints were similar throughout the country when civil society re-emerged in 1989. To assess the relevance of cultural factors as explanatory variables I use Geert Hofstede’s methodology, and find that of all 5 cultural dimensions (Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism; Masculinity/Femininity; Uncertainty Avoidance and Short/Long Term Orientation), Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance seem the most relevant in terms of civil society development
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Tischler, Matthias. "A combined structural and sedimentological study of the Inner Carpathians at the northern rim of the Transylvanian basin (N. Romania) /." [Basel] : [s.n.], 2005. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_7638.
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Morgan, David. "Examining Transylvanian Saxon fortified churches from the 13th to the 16th centuries : the history and archaeology of the Saxon rural church in Romania : roles and identities." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9938.
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This PhD thesis provides a multi-layered analysis of Saxon rural fortified churches from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries in Transylvania. By examining the histories and archaeologies of these poorly studied but prominent medieval survivals, the thesis explores the processes by which the Church transformed Saxon social structures and considers how far structure and form reflect that society and its evolving identities. The timeframe spans the primary Saxon colonization of Transylvania until the occupation of the region by the Turks after 1526. Critically, almost all of the Saxon villages and churches originated and were subsequently fortified during this period and many have remained relativity unaltered since. Three major research strategies are employed: (l) a quantitative analysis of data for the representative regions of Brasov and Sibiu Counties; (2) detailed analysis of the form and function of the built units; and (3) detailed assessment of two major case studies. Data were collected from published and archival reports and sources, plus interviews, newspapers and site surveys. Core to the whole is the creation of a Gazetteer of Saxon sites in Braşov and Sibiu Counties. The thesis considers Saxon fortified complexes in their site and landscape setting, but first reviews medieval to modem Saxon Transylvania, evaluating the impact of events on the Saxon peoples, and then details the nature of Saxon rights, privileges, and administration in their lands and settlements. The roles and development of the Saxon fortified churches are next explored, assessing topographic, defensive, material and economic considerations and evolutions. The final part of the thesis analyses the morphology, domestic, cultural and social life of the Saxon fortified church and village, through which we may assess other angles of evolving Saxon identity. In addition, the thesis has considered the heritage of complexes - how viewed, how maintained, issues of access, of decay - and their recognition by UNESCO and European Union departments. The thesis reveals a specific Saxon colonial form which adapted to a near constancy of threat and uncertainty. The survival of so many components of this distinctive past requires far more attention from scholars to appreciate fully the Saxon contribution.
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Plissart, Gaëlle. "La chaîne varisque dans les Carpates Méridionales et les Balkans Occidentaux: études pétrostructurales des massifs d'Almaj (Roumanie), de Deli Jovan (Serbie) et de la Stara Planina Occidentale (Bulgarie)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209611.
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Ce travail retrace l’évolution varisque des Massifs d’Almǎj (Roumanie), de Deli Jovan (Serbie) et de la Stara Planina Occidentale (Bulgarie), à travers une étude pétrostructurale effectuée sur les différentes unités lithologiques de la Nappe alpine du Danubien supérieur. Cette nappe possède la particularité de contenir un marqueur de convergence de toute première importance sous la forme de 4 massifs ophiolitiques démembrés lors de l’orogenèse alpine :Tisoviţa Iuţi (TI, Roumanie), Deli Jovan (DJ, Serbie), Zaglavak (Z, Serbie) et Tcherni Vrah (TV, Bulgarie). Les études pétrologiques de terrain effectuées dans ces trois pays ont permis de confirmer la continuité entre ces 4 massifs, qui, séparément, comprennent chacun une portion de croûte océanique différente (TI :section mantélique et cumulats inférieurs, DJ :cumulats inférieurs et supérieurs, Z :cumulats supérieurs, TV :cumulats supérieurs et section effusive), mais considérés ensemble, forment une pile ophiolitique classique complète. De nouvelles datations par la méthode 147Sm-143Nd confirment un âge d’accrétion pour cette croûte océanique au Dévonien inférieur (~ 400 Ma). Cependant, l’essentiel de ce mémoire concerne les Monts Almǎj, notamment les roches encaissantes du massif de Tisoviţa Iuţi. La partie sud de ce massif ophiolitique représente la section inférieure d’une croûte océanique classique, alors que sa partie orientale est caractérisée par des roches de la croûte océanique supérieure, fortement déformées et transformées (métagabbros à zoïsite et fuchsite). Ces roches font partie de la Zone Mylonitique de Corbu (CMZ), qui comporte également des métasédiments à Gt ± St ± And et des serpentinites. Les conditions PT de formation de ces métagabbros, datés à 380-360 Ma par la méthode 40Ar-39Ar, ont été estimées à des températures comprises entre 450°C et 300°C. Leur contexte de formation peut être assimilé à une semelle ophiolitique ‘froide’, développée lors d’une obduction intra-océanique initiée probablement le long d’une faille transformante. Si le pic de métamorphisme des roches de Corbu a été estimé à 585°C/ 5.5 kbar, leur exhumation pourrait s’effectuer au sein d’un anticlinal en régime transpressif sénestre, en relation avec la formation de la CMZ, interprétée comme une ancienne zone plissée qui évolue en zone de cisaillement sénestre. Au Carbonifère, le granite syntectonique de Cherbelezu se met en place le long de la CMZ et enregistre les dernières phases de cette déformation lors de son refroidissement. Les études préliminaires sur les roches encaissantes des massifs ophiolitiques en Serbie et Bulgarie permettent de préciser une vergence d’obduction du lambeau ophiolitique vers le paléo-NW et d’établir un modèle de reconstitution paléogéodynamique au Varisque pour l’ensemble de la région étudiée./ This study provides new information on the Variscan evolution of the Almǎj Mountains (Romania), Deli Jovan Massif (Serbia) and Western Stara Planina (Bulgaria), throughout a petrostructural investigation conducted on the various lithological units of the Upper Danubian Alpine Nappe. This nappe displays an important convergence tectonic marker in the form of four ophiolitic massifs dismembered during the Alpine orogeny: Tisoviţa Iuţi (TI, Romania), Deli Jovan (DJ, Serbia), Zaglavak (Z, Serbia) and Tcherni Vrah (TV, Bulgaria). Our petrological studies in these three countries have confirmed the continuity between these four massifs, each of which showing, separately, a different portion of the oceanic crust (TI: mantle section and lower cumulates, DJ: lower and upper cumulates, Z: upper cumulates, TV: upper cumulates and effusive section), but taken together, forming a complete classical ophiolitic pile. New dating using the 147Sm-143Nd method has confirmed an accretion age for this oceanic crust at around 400 Ma (Early Devonian). However, the main part of this study has been focused in the Almǎj Mountains, particularly the Tisoviţa Iuţi ophiolitic massif and its enclosing rocks. The Southern part of this ophiolitic massif represents the lower section of a classical oceanic crust whereas its eastern part is characterized by upper crustal oceanic rocks that are highly deformed and transformed (zoïsite and fuchsite-bearing metagabbros). These rocks belong to the Corbu Mylonitic zone (CMZ), which also comprises Gt ± St ± And metasediments and serpentinites. Temperature estimates for the formation of the metagabbros are bracketed between 450°C and 300°C and these rocks have been dated at 380-360 Ma using the 40Ar-39Ar method on fuchiste. The geodynamic context for their formation can be viewed as a ‘cold’ ophiolitic sole, developed during an intra-oceanic obduction probably initiated along transform fault. If the metamorphic peak for the Corbu rocks has been estimated at 585°C/5.5kbar, their rapid exhumation could be realized via an anticline under a transpressive sinistral regime, connected with the formation of the CMZ that is interpreted as an ancient fold zone evolving in a sinistral shear zone. Finally, the Carboniferous syntectonic Cherbelezu granite intrudes along the CMZ and records the final stages of this deformation during its cooling. Preliminary investigations on the enclosing rocks of the ophiolitic massifs in Serbia and Bulgaria allow us to define a top to the NW obduction vergence for the ophiolite and to propose a paleogeodynamic reconstitution model for the Carpathian/Balkans terrains in the Variscan times.Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Plissart, Gaëlle. "La chaîne varisque dans les Carpates méridionales et les Balkans occidentaux : études pétrostructurales des massifs d’Almaj (Roumanie), de Deli Jovan (Serbie) et de la Stara Planina occidentale (Bulgarie)." Doctoral thesis, Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2052.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail retrace l’évolution varisque des Massifs d’Almǎj (Roumanie), de Deli Jovan (Serbie) et de la Stara Planina Occidentale (Bulgarie), à travers une étude pétrostructurale effectuée sur les différentes unités lithologiques de la Nappe alpine du Danubien supérieur. Cependant, l’essentiel de ce mémoire concerne les Monts Almǎj, notamment le massif ophiolitique de Tisovita Iuti et de ses roches encaissantes. La partie sud de ce massif ophiolitique représente la section inférieure d’une croute océanique classique, datée à ~ 400 Ma, alors que sa partie orientale est caractérisée par des roches de la croûte océanique supérieure, fortement déformées et transformées (métagabbros). Ces roches font partie de la Zone Mylonitique de Corbu (CMZ), qui comporte également des métasédiments à Gt ± St ± And et des serpentinites. Les conditions PT de formation de ces métagabbros, datés à 380-360 Ma, ont été estimées à des températures comprises entre 450°C et 300°C. Leur contexte de formation peut être assimilé à une semelle ophiolitique ‘froide’, développée lors d’une obduction intra-océanique initiée probablement le long d’une faille transformante. Si le pic de métamorphisme des roches de Corbu a été estimé à 585°C/ 5. 5 kbar, leur exhumation pourrait s’effectuer au sein d’un anticlinal en régime transpressif sénestre, avec la mise en place le long de la CMZ, au Carbonifère, du granite syntectonique de Cherbelezu qui enregistre les dernières phases de cette déformation lors de son refroidissement. Les études préliminaires des massifs ophiolitiques en Serbie et Bulgarie permettent d’établir un modèle de reconstitution paléogéodynamique au Varisque pour l’ensemble de la région étudiéeThis study provides new information on the Variscan evolution of the Almǎj Mountains (Romania), Deli Jovan Massif (Serbia) and Western Stara Planina (Bulgaria), throughout a petrostructural investigation conducted on the various lithological units of the Upper Danubian Alpine Nappe. However, the main part of this study has been focused in the Almǎj Mountains, particularly the Tisovita Iuti ophiolitic massif and its enclosing rocks. The Southern part of this ophiolitic massif, which represents the lower section of a classical oceanic crust, has been dated at ~ 400 Ma, whereas its eastern part is characterized by upper crustal oceanic rocks that are highly deformed and transformed (metagabbros). These rocks belong to the Corbu Mylonitic zone (CMZ), which also comprises Gt ± St ± And metasediments and serpentinites. Temperature estimates for the formation of the metagabbros are bracketed between 450°C and 300°C and these rocks have been dated at 380‐360 Ma. The geodynamic context for their formation can be viewed as a ‘cold’ ophiolitic sole, developed during an intra‐oceanic obduction probably initiated along transform fault. If the metamorphic peak for the Corbu rocks has been estimated at 585°C/5. 5kbar, their rapid exhumation could be realized via an anticline under a transpressive sinistral regime. Finally, the Carboniferous syntectonic Cherbelezu granite intrudes along the CMZ and records the final stages of this deformation during its cooling. Preliminary investigations on the ophiolitic massifs of Serbia and Bulgaria allow us to propose a paleogeodynamic reconstitution model for the Carpathian/Balkan terrains in the Variscan times
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Câmpeanu, Claudia Nicoleta 1976. "Material desires : cultural production, post-socialist transformations, and heritage tourism in a Transylvanian town." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3858.
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This dissertation explores the transformation of a small town in South East Transylvania, Sighisoara, historically defined through a strong German presence. Despite the small number of Germans remaining in the region after the massive migrations of the last decades, historical German privilege (made visible through and materialized in the long-lasting architecture) is reformulated and re-configured in the present precisely through processes connected to valuing and producing this built landscape as historical heritage. Claims for stakes in the development of the area become entangled with an interest in heritage preservation publicly performed by a diverse set of (mostly foreign) actors. By analyzing a failed development project, the gentrification of the historical citadel, transformations in public spaces, and NGO and historical preservation funding, I argue that Germanness offers a discursive space in which local desires for a developed West are able to articulate, productively, with Western nostalgias for a developmental do-over, as well as with fears for an endangered European heritage at the 'margins' of Western civilization. This dissertation contributes to the anthropology of post-socialist transformations in Eastern Europe by drawing attention to the relationship between ethnicity and participation in a global capitalism. It shows how a continuous, living engagement with the "outside," the "West," with consumer capitalism has been part of local quotidian subjectivities and understandings of the world, all mediated by desire and access to mobility and possibility. Understandings of people's current relationship with development, consumption, the idea and reality of capitalism cannot be disentangled from these continuities, and I argue for locating analysis precisely in these relationships. This dissertation also brings a critical native voice to the body of English language Eastern European anthropology. At the same time, it attempts to both build on and disrupt historical approaches to the region by forging analytical and substantive continuities with discipline-wide approaches to ethnicity, development, and heritage tourism.text
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Sutcliffe, Laura. "Conservation, biodiversity and governance of semi-natural grasslands in Southern Transylvania (Romania)." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5F64-5.
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Halbnatürliche Grünlandflächen sind artenreiche Habitate von großer Bedeutung für viele Tier- und Pflanzenarten und die Bereitstellung zahlreicher Ökosystemdienstleistungen. Jedoch werden diese Flächen zunehmend seltener, weshalb ihr Schutz in Europa ein wichtiges Ziel geworden ist. Der Verlust von halbnatürlichem Grünland ist häufig mit einer Intensivierung der Agrarwirtschaft verbunden und innerhalb Europas geographisch sehr unterschiedlich. Diese Arbeit befasst sich hauptsächlich mit der Region Südtranssilvanien in Rumänien, in der fast alle dauerhaften Grünlandflächen halbnatürlich sind, jedoch von der zunehmenden Intensivierung bedroht werden. Der Schutz dieser Grünlandflächen wird hier auf unterschiedlichen räumlichen Ebenen und aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln betrachtet, um sowohl die ökologischen als auch die gesellschaftlichen Aspekte der Bewirtschaftung zu berücksichtigen.
Schutzmaßnahmen werden derzeit hauptsächlich auf der Feldebene umgesetzt, jedoch interagieren Grünlandarten häufig auch mit Populationen in der umgebenden Landschaft. Daher beschäftigt sich Kapitel 2 dieser Arbeit am Beispiel von Pflanzen und Heuschrecken mit den Auswirkungen von ökologischen Prozessen auf Grünlandarten auf lokaler und auf Landschaftsebene. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Landschaftszusammensetzung im 2 km-Radius einen gleichstarken Effekt auf die Artenvielfalt hat wie die lokalen Faktoren. Hierbei steigt der Pflanzenartenreichtum mit höherer Landschaftsheterogenität, während die Heuschrecken positiv auf den Anteil von Grünlandfläche in der Umgebung reagieren. Schutzmaßnahmen für artenreiches Grünland sollten daher Prozesse auf Landschaftsebene mit berücksichtigen, obwohl kein Landschaftstyp gleichzeitig alle Artengruppen begünstigt. Daher ist die Förderung einer extensiven Landwirtschaft die beste Möglichkeit, eine Vielfalt an Landschaftstypen zu erhalten, die die Artenvielfalt der Grünländer unterstützt.
Neben dem Design von Schutzmaßnahmen ist auch ihre Umsetzbarkeit von großer Bedeutung. In der Untersuchungsregion ist die Kooperation der Nutzer miteinander besonders wichtig für Management-Entscheidungen, da es sich bei dem beweideten Grünland überwiegend um gemeinschaftlich benutzte Flächen (Allmendweiden) handelt. Allerdings zeigt Kapitel 3, dass sich dieses System hin zur Aufteilung der Flächen in kleinere Parzellen, die von Einzelnen gepachtet werden, verändert. Diese „Privatisierung“ der Allmende wird hauptsächlich von den flächenbasierten Zahlungen der gemeinsamen EU-Agrarpolitik gefördert. Sie wirkt sich derzeit sowohl negativ auf den Zugang von Kleinbauern zur Weide, als auch möglicherweise auf deren extensive Bewirtschaftung aus. Kapitel 4 untersucht daher das Potential von Bauernverbänden für die Wahrung der gemeinschaftlichen Bewirtschaftung von Allmendweiden. Bauernverbände können mithilfe von Agrarsubventionen eine extensive Bewirtschaftung der Allmendweide sichern sowie auch Informationen und Dienstleistungen für die Landwirte bereitstellen. Derzeit bedürfen derartige Verbände in der Untersuchungsregion allerdings noch Unterstützung bei der Organisation ihrer Aktivitäten.
Forschung und Politik auf der europäischen Ebene müssen die Vielfalt der sozio-ökologischen Kontexte berücksichtigen, unter denen Naturschutz in Agrarlandlandschaften stattfindet. Kapitel 5 zeigt auf, dass die Unterschiede im Naturschutz in der Agrarlandschaft zwischen Ländern in West- und Osteuropa nicht ausreichend wahrgenommen werden. Forschung und Politik sind vorwiegend auf westeuropäische Länder fokussiert, während sich besonders große Flächen von artenreichen Agrarlandschaften jedoch in Osteuropa befinden. Diese benötigen häufig andere Naturschutzkonzepte, da sich die Hofstruktur und die Einstellung gegenüber dem Naturschutz vielfach von der in Westeuropa unterscheiden. Forschung in weniger untersuchten Gegenden sollte gefördert werden, um regional-spezifische, wissensbasierte Maßnahmen zu erarbeiten. Zudem sollte versucht werden, über Umweltbildung die Effektivität von Maßnahmen zu erhöhen.
Die ausgedehnten Grünlandflächen in Südtranssilvanien bieten eine hervorragende Möglichkeit extensive, artenreiche Agrarlandschaften zu untersuchen und zu schützen. Auch wenn die Bewirtschaftung traditionell wirkt, ist der Fortschritt in vielen Bereichen sichtbar. Diese von Menschen geschaffenen Habitate müssen den zukünftigen Bedürfnissen einer wachsenden Bevölkerung angepasst werden. Diese Arbeit versucht durch das Verständnis der Einflussfaktoren auf Grünland, Wege aufzuzeigen, wie Entwicklungs- und Naturschutzziele miteinander verbunden werden können. Dies kann vor allem durch wissensbasierte und effiziente Naturschutzmaßnahmen und durch die Stärkung der Zusammenarbeit unterschiedlicher Interessengruppen erreicht werden. Dies gilt für viele Teile Osteuropas, in denen extensive Landwirtschaft und gemeinschaftliche Landnutzung Möglichkeiten bieten, artenreiche Agrarlandschaften auch in Zukunft zu erhalten.
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Kocián, Jiří. "Transylvánská regionální identita a její politická reflexe po roce 1989." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409288.
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KOCIÁN, Jiří. Transylvanian regional identity and its political reflection after 1989. The thesis deals with the question of reviving Transylvanian regional identity and its political use in Romania after 1989. It demonstrates that regional identity has gradually grown in political importance, and represents the content, actors and typology of models of its reflection. The Romanian Communist regime under Nicolae Ceaușescu followed longer-term centralizing tendencies that did not favor maintaining regional specificities. But regional identity, like other collective identities, is the result of a continuous process of daily interactions between its bearers and external actors, all of whom are involved in its construction. Because of that, it survived a period of suppression in its vernacular form. Contributing to its survival was the fact that the multi-ethnic region of Transylvania and its specificities, which represent the core of regional identity, have a thousand-year history. The thesis points, by applying a discourse analysis of the content of newspaper articles, to the fact that regional identity took the form of political discourse after 1989. This discourse rivaled the previous discursive hegemony of the country's centralist concept of state and nation in Romanian public sphere. At the same...
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Hanušová, Tereza. "Komparace postavení současné maďarské menšiny ve Vojvodině a v Transylvánii." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-438047.
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The diploma thesis deals with the position of the Hungarian minority in Serbian Vojvodina and Romanian Transylvania using the comparative method. Hungarians in Serbia and Romania represent a very large national minority and they became an integral part of the local culture and society. The level of Hungarian minority rights in the host countries is compared in four areas: legislation, political representation and institutionalization of the minority, mother tongue education opportunities and the Hungarian minority media. Apart from a brief outline of the historical context, the work focuses exclusively on the period after the fall of communism in both states to the present. During these years, there has been the biggest shift in the area of minority rights. The concept of ethnic parallelism is applied to all researched areas. Related to this, the so-called ethnolinguistic vitality approach is used, which deals with the conditions for the preservation of minority languages in the majority society. Special attention is paid to the influence of the Hungarian government under Primer Minister Viktor Orbán on the life of Hungarians abroad, which is significantly growing.
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Fetté, Mirka Campbell. "Saving political face : the structures of power in Hans von Aachen’s Allegories on the long Turkish war." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3218.
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Hans von Aachen, court artist to the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II in Prague, created a series of small painting called the Allegories on the Long Turkish War. Von Aachen made the Allegories between 1604 and 1606 and Rudolf II kept them bound in a red book in his Kunstkammer. This series selects events and battles from the Long War against the Ottoman Empire, 1593-1606, to create a flattering propagandistic image of the emperor in order to strengthen his support. Rudolf’s brother, Archduke Matthias of Austria, began plotting against the emperor beginning in 1600. By 1606 he was actively usurping Rudolf’s political power. I examine von Aachen’s visual description of imperial power, the alternate history the Allegories present, and the ways they engage with Neo-Platonic theories to convey validity to viewers.
In my thesis, I outline the events of the Long War in order to compare them to von Aachen’s portrayals and to understand how he restructures chronological history to convey his message about Rudolf’s rulership. I briefly analyze each painting but I focus primarily on the eighth scene, the Conquest of Székesfehérvár. Sultan Mehmed III sits opposite Rudolf II in dignified defeat in this painting. I investigate the visual treatment of the sultan through the historical interactions between the Ottoman and Holy Roman Empires and propose the political function served by depicting him as a noble enemy. I finally discuss the way von Aachen uses symbols and allegory to convey a potent message and convince the viewer of its validity. Ultimately, these works should be seen as political propaganda used to combat Rudolf’s brother Archduke Matthias’ political takeover and not as Rudolf’s fantastical escapism from his losing battle against his brother.text
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Sfirlea, Titus G. "The Transylvanian School enlightened instrument of Romanian nationalism /." 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07182005-174056/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Vincze, Elizabeth. "Romanian Labour Migration in the Context of EU Expansion." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/13366.
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In response to shifting borders and radical changes in political and economic regimes, a great number of Hungarian Romanians left their homeland in the last century. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in a Hungarian village in Romania, in this thesis I argue that the growing uncertainty in villagers’ working lives, a result of the high unemployment accompanying post-socialist transformation, and ethnic and class based disadvantage in Romania, impels them to engage in pluriactivity in their livelihood strategies. This includes circular labour migration in Hungary and other European Union states. Economic inequalities within the expanded EU create an ethnically segmented labour market, in which working class Transylvanian Hungarians become associated with certain types of work, in this case, temporary and often undocumented jobs in the least desirable sectors of the economy.
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Dunlap, Tanya Keller. "A union in disarray: Romanian nation building under Astra in late-nineteenth-century rural Transylvania and Hungary." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/18076.
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Scholarly studies of the nation as a socially constructed community, while accurate, do not explain how individuals in a predominantly agricultural society build and mobilize a national community outside of traditional political arenas and without the resources of a bureaucratic nation-state. This investigation of late-nineteenth-century Romanian nation building under the Transylvanian Association for Romanian Literature and the Culture of the Romanian People, or Astra, examines the educational and cultural activities Astra used to communicate nationalist messages to Romanian villagers and the responses of those villagers who funded and participated in Astra's movement. I argue that thousands of villagers participated in Astra events because Astra created a forum that addressed their needs and interests and raised their social status. Villagers never achieved equality with their social superiors in Astra, but villagers became more equal to them as Romanians than they had been as mere villagers. It was not easy to incorporate villagers into the association. As this dissertation shows, nation building is a contentious undertaking subject to diverse social pressures and full of internal conflicts and contradictions. Astra leaders hoped to build a unified and prosperous national community, but their initial attempts to transform peasants into rational and efficient farmers with academic programs mostly appealed to Romanian intellectuals. In order to retain their educated members and to attract peasants to the association, Astra leaders legitimized two competing images of the Romanian national community, one based on the values of educated Romanian professionals and one based on traditional peasant culture. The dual representations of the nation both created the impression that a unified national community existed and underscored the divisions in the community, making it possible to think of the nation as a homogeneous community while simultaneously contesting its boundaries. Resulting contestation, I argue, enabled rural Romanians to challenge Astra's professionals for more influence over the national movement and forced intellectuals to address rural interests. Although this study examines the specifics of Astra's national movement, it also offers a potentially fruitful approach for understanding nation building among other marginal groups in search of greater power and autonomy over their own lives.
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Drs, Tomáš. "Současná situace kultury sedmihradských Sasů v Rumunsku." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348958.
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Current Cultural Situation of Transylvanian Saxons in Romania PhDr. Tomáš Drs Abstract The thesis deals with the current situation of the Transylvanian Saxons in Romania. Based on multiple field visits, it describes and analyzes the problems related to reconstructing the ethnic identity of the community, noting the minority's transnational situation and exploring the generational relations, the minority's position in the ethnically different environment or its political and revitalization activities. The thesis also attemps to reconstruct the actual historical development, looks into how memory is socially conditioned memory and lays out biographies of individual characters. Methodologically, the thesis draws upon the tradition of ethnographic research, working with theoretical concepts of ethnicity (Eriksen, Anderson), transnationalism (Werbner, Szaló) or memory studies (Halbwachs, Assmann, Nora). The aim of the thesis is to introduce the Transylvanian Saxons and other groups commonly referred to as Romanian Germans in the Czech environment. It lays out the history of Transylvanian Saxons, describes their negotiations with the state and the framing of their minority identity. Also, it seeks to answer whether the end of the numerically smaller ethnic minority of Transylvanian Saxons is inevitable and how...
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"The Critical Reception of Herta Müller in the German and English Printed Media Before and After the Nobel Prize for Literature 2009." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.8966.
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abstract: After being awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2009, Herta Müller attained great prominence around the world. Commentators, especially in English-speaking countries, seemed shocked by the decision. One of the primary concerns was that Müller was relatively unknown. This thesis seeks to address this and other concerns by looking at reviews of her works in German- and English-language publications both before and after the Nobel Prize was awarded. This thesis analyses chronologically the reception of her books beginning with Niederungen in 1982 and ending with the reception of her novel Atemschaukel in 2009. It compares the reception of the original German text to that of the English translation; therefore only works which have been translated and published in English are discussed. The study also shows that while Müller's work did not top the bestseller charts, at least before the Nobel Prize, she was hardly the completely unknown author that some in the English-language media believed. This thesis seeks to present trends in the reception as well as provide a basis for further study of the reception of Herta Müller.Dissertation/Thesis
M.A. German 2011