Academic literature on the topic 'Trap avoidance'
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Journal articles on the topic "Trap avoidance"
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Berry, Nicholas, Will O'connor, Marc W. Holderied, and Gareth Jones. "Detection and Avoidance of Harp Traps by Echolocating Bats." Acta Chiropterologica 6, no. 2 (2004): 335–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520437.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Researchers often use harp traps and mist nets to capture bats, and need to be aware of factors that affect trap capture efficiency. Ultrasound reflects from small targets in a frequency-dependent manner, so we predicted that higher frequency sound pulses would return stronger echoes from the fine wires and net of bat traps than would lower frequency signals. We also predicted that mist nets would return stronger echoes than harp traps because mist nets are made of a higher density (and often diameter) of material. Ensonification experiments with pulses of 20–110 kHz showed that both harp traps and mist nets reflected higher frequency pulses more strongly. Pocketed areas of mist nets returned stronger echoes than harp traps although at some frequencies differences between trap types were small. Our results provide one verified reason why harp traps are more effective than mist nets at capturing bats, and also predict that bats using high frequency echolocation calls may be more difficult to trap than species emitting low frequency signals. Interspecies differences in how traps are detected are therefore likely sources of bias in field surveys. Observations of bats encountering harp traps in the field showed less than 4% of encounters resulted in capture, and only 8.8% of encounters could be interpreted as a failure to detect the trap. A comparison between two species that differ in echolocation call and flight characteristics (Rhinolophus hipposideros and Myotis nattereri) showed no difference in trap detection or avoidance. However, differences in behaviour during trap encounters were apparent.
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Berry, Nicholas, Will O'connor, Marc W. Holderied, and Gareth Jones. "Detection and Avoidance of Harp Traps by Echolocating Bats." Acta Chiropterologica 6, no. 2 (2004): 335–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520437.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Researchers often use harp traps and mist nets to capture bats, and need to be aware of factors that affect trap capture efficiency. Ultrasound reflects from small targets in a frequency-dependent manner, so we predicted that higher frequency sound pulses would return stronger echoes from the fine wires and net of bat traps than would lower frequency signals. We also predicted that mist nets would return stronger echoes than harp traps because mist nets are made of a higher density (and often diameter) of material. Ensonification experiments with pulses of 20–110 kHz showed that both harp traps and mist nets reflected higher frequency pulses more strongly. Pocketed areas of mist nets returned stronger echoes than harp traps although at some frequencies differences between trap types were small. Our results provide one verified reason why harp traps are more effective than mist nets at capturing bats, and also predict that bats using high frequency echolocation calls may be more difficult to trap than species emitting low frequency signals. Interspecies differences in how traps are detected are therefore likely sources of bias in field surveys. Observations of bats encountering harp traps in the field showed less than 4% of encounters resulted in capture, and only 8.8% of encounters could be interpreted as a failure to detect the trap. A comparison between two species that differ in echolocation call and flight characteristics (Rhinolophus hipposideros and Myotis nattereri) showed no difference in trap detection or avoidance. However, differences in behaviour during trap encounters were apparent.
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Berry, Nicholas, Will O'connor, Marc W. Holderied, and Gareth Jones. "Detection and Avoidance of Harp Traps by Echolocating Bats." Acta Chiropterologica 6, no. 2 (2004): 335–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520437.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Researchers often use harp traps and mist nets to capture bats, and need to be aware of factors that affect trap capture efficiency. Ultrasound reflects from small targets in a frequency-dependent manner, so we predicted that higher frequency sound pulses would return stronger echoes from the fine wires and net of bat traps than would lower frequency signals. We also predicted that mist nets would return stronger echoes than harp traps because mist nets are made of a higher density (and often diameter) of material. Ensonification experiments with pulses of 20–110 kHz showed that both harp traps and mist nets reflected higher frequency pulses more strongly. Pocketed areas of mist nets returned stronger echoes than harp traps although at some frequencies differences between trap types were small. Our results provide one verified reason why harp traps are more effective than mist nets at capturing bats, and also predict that bats using high frequency echolocation calls may be more difficult to trap than species emitting low frequency signals. Interspecies differences in how traps are detected are therefore likely sources of bias in field surveys. Observations of bats encountering harp traps in the field showed less than 4% of encounters resulted in capture, and only 8.8% of encounters could be interpreted as a failure to detect the trap. A comparison between two species that differ in echolocation call and flight characteristics (Rhinolophus hipposideros and Myotis nattereri) showed no difference in trap detection or avoidance. However, differences in behaviour during trap encounters were apparent.
4
Berry, Nicholas, Will O'connor, Marc W. Holderied, and Gareth Jones. "Detection and Avoidance of Harp Traps by Echolocating Bats." Acta Chiropterologica 6, no. 2 (2004): 335–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13520437.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Researchers often use harp traps and mist nets to capture bats, and need to be aware of factors that affect trap capture efficiency. Ultrasound reflects from small targets in a frequency-dependent manner, so we predicted that higher frequency sound pulses would return stronger echoes from the fine wires and net of bat traps than would lower frequency signals. We also predicted that mist nets would return stronger echoes than harp traps because mist nets are made of a higher density (and often diameter) of material. Ensonification experiments with pulses of 20–110 kHz showed that both harp traps and mist nets reflected higher frequency pulses more strongly. Pocketed areas of mist nets returned stronger echoes than harp traps although at some frequencies differences between trap types were small. Our results provide one verified reason why harp traps are more effective than mist nets at capturing bats, and also predict that bats using high frequency echolocation calls may be more difficult to trap than species emitting low frequency signals. Interspecies differences in how traps are detected are therefore likely sources of bias in field surveys. Observations of bats encountering harp traps in the field showed less than 4% of encounters resulted in capture, and only 8.8% of encounters could be interpreted as a failure to detect the trap. A comparison between two species that differ in echolocation call and flight characteristics (Rhinolophus hipposideros and Myotis nattereri) showed no difference in trap detection or avoidance. However, differences in behaviour during trap encounters were apparent.
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Oliver, Stanley. "Trap avoidance techniques." Manufacturing Engineer 69, no. 1 (1990): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/me:19900024.
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Young, Julie, Jeffrey Schultz, Buck Jolley, Nekol Basili, and John Draper. "Social Learning of Avoidance Behaviors: Trap Aversion in Captive Coyotes." Animal Behavior and Cognition 9, no. 3 (2022): 336–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26451/abc.09.03.06.2022.
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Social learning can help animals gain knowledge rapidly and may enhance survival. In species that are subjected to capture in foothold traps and then lethally removed, such as the coyote (Canis latrans), learning to avoid traps is critical to survival. Here, we tested social learning of trap avoidance behavior in three experimental scenarios with captive coyotes. In the first experiment, coyotes observed an unfamiliar coyote get captured in a foothold trap (i.e., demonstrator) or did not observe a demonstrator and were therefore naïve to traps. The coyotes that observed a demonstrator showed similar latencies to approach the trap and be captured as coyotes without a demonstrator. In the second experiment, coyotes observed their trap-naïve mate get captured in a foothold trap while housed together. These coyotes had longer latencies to approach the trap and be captured than their mates. In the third experiment, demonstrator coyotes were housed separately in an enclosure adjacent to two other enclosures – one housing their mate and one housing an unfamiliar coyote. Here, unfamiliar coyotes had longer latencies to approach the trap and get captured than the mates of the demonstrator coyotes. These results suggest that coyotes have limited ability to socially learn avoidance behavior, with familiarity and proximity of the demonstrator influencing the ability of coyotes to use social learning. Thus, the different results emerging from this study may reflect behaviors related to territoriality and pair-bonds.
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Laurance, WF. "Abundance estimates of small mammals in Australian tropical rainforest: a comparison of four trapping methods." Wildlife Research 19, no. 6 (1992): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9920651.
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I compared the efficacy of terrestrial, arboreal, carnivore, and pitfall trapping methods for censusing small (200 animals per 1000 trap-nights), whereas carnivore (83.7 animals per 1000 trap-nights) and pitfall (9.1 animals per 1000 trap-nights) traps were less effective. However, each method was particularly effective for 1-4 species, with factors such as diet, vertical microhabitat use, body size and trap avoidance strongly influencing trappability of different species. Strategies for censusing small mammals in tropical rainforest are discussed.
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Rödel, Mark-Oliver, Sebastian Demtröder, Claire Fuchs, et al. "Does intraspecific and intersexual attraction or avoidance influence newt abundance estimates based on fish funnel trap records?" Amphibia-Reptilia 35, no. 1 (2014): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002932.
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We experimentally investigated whether intraspecific and intersexual attraction (or avoidance) by chemical signals may bias newt trapping success. We installed commercially available fish funnel traps which are often used in newt monitoring studies. We tested if capture rates differed between traps with or without newts. One experimental trap set comprised five traps, one trap being empty and four traps containing one male or female Lissotriton vulgaris or Ichthyosaura alpestris, respectively. Capture rates of newts of neither species nor sex was significantly affected by the presence of a particular newt species or sex in the traps, compared to control traps without newts. Trapping success thus seems not to be biased beyond random effects.
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Foot, G., S. P. Rice, and J. Millett. "Red trap colour of the carnivorous plant Drosera rotundifolia does not serve a prey attraction or camouflage function." Biology Letters 10, no. 4 (2014): 20131024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.1024.
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The traps of many carnivorous plants are red in colour. This has been widely hypothesized to serve a prey attraction function; colour has also been hypothesized to function as camouflage, preventing prey avoidance. We tested these two hypotheses in situ for the carnivorous plant Drosera rotundifolia . We conducted three separate studies: (i) prey attraction to artificial traps to isolate the influence of colour; (ii) prey attraction to artificial traps on artificial backgrounds to control the degree of contrast and (iii) observation of prey capture by D. rotundifolia to determine the effects of colour on prey capture. Prey were not attracted to green traps and were deterred from red traps. There was no evidence that camouflaged traps caught more prey. For D. rotundifolia , there was a relationship between trap colour and prey capture. However, trap colour may be confounded with other leaf traits. Thus, we conclude that for D. rotundifolia , red trap colour does not serve a prey attraction or camouflage function.
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Gracia, Luis, Antonio Sala, and Fabricio Garelli. "A path conditioning method with trap avoidance." Robotics and Autonomous Systems 60, no. 6 (2012): 862–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2012.01.009.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Trap avoidance"
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Godeme, Jean-Jacques. "Ρhase retrieval with nοn-Euclidean Bregman based geοmetry". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC214.
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Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons au problème de reconstruction de phase de signaux à valeurs réelles en dimension finie, un défi rencontré dans de nombreuses disciplines scientifiques et d’ingénierie. Nous explorons deux approches complémentaires : la reconstruction avec et sans régularisation. Dans les deux cas, notre travail se concentre sur la relaxation de l’hypothèse de Lipschitz-continuité généralement requise par les algorithmes de descente du premier ordre, et qui n’est pas valide pour la reconstruction de phase lorsqu’il formulée comme un problème de minimisation. L’idée clé ici est de remplacer la géométrie euclidienne par une divergence de Bregman non euclidienne associée à un noyau générateur approprié. Nous utilisons un algorithme de descente miroir ou de descente à la Bregman avec cette divergence pour résoudre le problème de reconstruction de phase sans régularisation. Nous démontrons des résultats de reconstruction exacte (à un signe global près) à la fois dans un cadre déterministe et avec une forte probabilité pour un nombre suffisant de mesures aléatoires (mesures Gaussiennes et pour des mesures structurées comme la diffraction codée). De plus, nous établissons la stabilité de cette approche vis-à-vis d’un bruit additif faible. En passant à la reconstruction de phase régularisée, nous développons et analysons d’abord un algorithme proximal inertiel à la Bregman pour minimiser la somme de deux fonctions, l’une étant convexe et potentiellement non lisse et la seconde étant relativement lisse dans la géométrie de Bregman. Nous fournissons des garanties de convergence à la fois globale et locale pour cet algorithme. Enfin, nous étudions la reconstruction sans bruit et la stabilité du problème régularisé par un a priori de faible complexité. Pour celà, nous formulons le problème comme la minimisation d’une objective impliquant un terme d’attache aux données non convexe et un terme de régularisation convexe favorisant les solutions conformes à une certaine notion de faible complexité. Nous établissons des conditions pour une reconstruction exacte et stable et fournissons des bornes sur le nombre de mesures aléatoires suffisants pour de garantir que ces conditionssoient remplies. Ces bornes d’échantillonnage dépendent de la faible complexité des signaux à reconstruire. Ces résultats nouveaux permettent d’aller bien au-delà du cas de la reconstruction de phase parcimonieuse<br>In this work, we investigate the phase retrieval problem of real-valued signals in finite dimension, a challenge encountered across various scientific and engineering disciplines. It explores two complementary approaches: retrieval with and without regularization. In both settings, our work is focused on relaxing the Lipschitz-smoothness assumption generally required by first-order splitting algorithms, and which is not valid for phase retrieval cast as a minimization problem. The key idea here is to replace the Euclidean geometry by a non-Euclidean Bregman divergence associated to an appropriate kernel. We use a Bregman gradient/mirror descent algorithm with this divergence to solve thephase retrieval problem without regularization, and we show exact (up to a global sign) recovery both in a deterministic setting and with high probability for a sufficient number of random measurements (Gaussian and Coded Diffraction Patterns). Furthermore, we establish the robustness of this approachagainst small additive noise. Shifting to regularized phase retrieval, we first develop and analyze an Inertial Bregman Proximal Gradient algorithm for minimizing the sum of two functions in finite dimension, one of which is convex and possibly nonsmooth and the second is relatively smooth in the Bregman geometry. We provide both global and local convergence guarantees for this algorithm. Finally, we study noiseless and stable recovery of low complexity regularized phase retrieval. For this, weformulate the problem as the minimization of an objective functional involving a nonconvex smooth data fidelity term and a convex regularizer promoting solutions conforming to some notion of low-complexity related to their nonsmoothness points. We establish conditions for exact and stable recovery and provide sample complexity bounds for random measurements to ensure that these conditions hold. These sample bounds depend on the low complexity of the signals to be recovered. Our new results allow to go far beyond the case of sparse phase retrieval
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Barakat, Anas. "Contributions to non-convex stochastic optimization and reinforcement learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAT030.
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Cette thèse est centrée autour de l'analyse de convergence de certains algorithmes d'approximation stochastiques utilisés en machine learning appliqués à l'optimisation et à l'apprentissage par renforcement. La première partie de la thèse est dédiée à un célèbre algorithme en apprentissage profond appelé ADAM, utilisé pour entraîner des réseaux de neurones. Cette célèbre variante de la descente de gradient stochastique est plus généralement utilisée pour la recherche d'un minimiseur local d'une fonction. En supposant que la fonction objective est différentiable et non convexe, nous établissons la convergence des itérées au temps long vers l'ensemble des points critiques sous une hypothèse de stabilité dans le régime des pas constants. Ensuite, nous introduisons une nouvelle variante de l'algorithme ADAM à pas décroissants. Nous montrons alors sous certaines hypothèses réalistes que les itérées sont presque sûrement bornées et convergent presque sûrement vers des points critiques de la fonction objective. Enfin, nous analysons les fluctuations de l'algorithme par le truchement d'un théorème central limite conditionnel. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, dans le régime des pas décroissants, nous généralisons nos résultats de convergence et de fluctuations à une procédure d'optimisation stochastique unifiant plusieurs variantes de descente de gradient stochastique comme la méthode de la boule pesante, l'algorithme stochastique de Nesterov accéléré ou encore le célèbre algorithme ADAM, parmi d'autres. Nous concluons cette partie par un résultat d'évitement de pièges qui établit la non convergence de l'algorithme général vers des points critiques indésirables comme les maxima locaux ou les points-selles. Ici, le principal ingrédient est un nouveau résultat indépendant d'évitement de pièges pour un contexte non-autonome. Enfin, la dernière partie de cette thèse qui est indépendante des deux premières parties est dédiée à l'analyse d'un algorithme d'approximation stochastique pour l'apprentissage par renforcement. Dans cette dernière partie, dans le cadre des processus décisionnels de Markov avec critère de récompense gamma-pondéré, nous proposons une analyse d'un algorithme acteur-critique en ligne intégrant un réseau cible et avec approximation de fonction linéraire. Notre algorithme utilise trois échelles de temps distinctes: une échelle pour l'acteur et deux autres pour la critique. Au lieu d'utiliser l'algorithme de différence temporelle (TD) standard à une échelle de temps, nous utilisons une version de l'algorithme TD à deux échelles de temps intégrant un réseau cible inspiré des algorithmes acteur-critique utilisés en pratique. Tout d'abord, nous établissons des résultats de convergence pour la critique et l'acteur sous échantillonnage Markovien. Ensuite, nous menons une analyse à temps fini montrant l'impact de l'utilisation d'un réseau cible sur les méthodes acteur-critique<br>This thesis is focused on the convergence analysis of some popular stochastic approximation methods in use in the machine learning community with applications to optimization and reinforcement learning.The first part of the thesis is devoted to a popular algorithm in deep learning called ADAM used for training neural networks. This variant of stochastic gradient descent is more generally useful for finding a local minimizer of a function. Assuming that the objective function is differentiable and non-convex, we establish the convergence of the iterates in the long run to the set of critical points under a stability condition in the constant stepsize regime. Then, we introduce a novel decreasing stepsize version of ADAM. Under mild assumptions, it is shown that the iterates are almost surely bounded and converge almost surely to critical points of the objective function. Finally, we analyze the fluctuations of the algorithm by means of a conditional central limit theorem.In the second part of the thesis, in the vanishing stepsizes regime, we generalize our convergence and fluctuations results to a stochastic optimization procedure unifying several variants of the stochastic gradient descent such as, among others, the stochastic heavy ball method, the Stochastic Nesterov Accelerated Gradient algorithm, and the widely used ADAM algorithm. We conclude this second part by an avoidance of traps result establishing the non-convergence of the general algorithm to undesired critical points, such as local maxima or saddle points. Here, the main ingredient is a new avoidance of traps result for non-autonomous settings, which is of independent interest.Finally, the last part of this thesis which is independent from the two previous parts, is concerned with the analysis of a stochastic approximation algorithm for reinforcement learning. In this last part, we propose an analysis of an online target-based actor-critic algorithm with linear function approximation in the discounted reward setting. Our algorithm uses three different timescales: one for the actor and two for the critic. Instead of using the standard single timescale temporal difference (TD) learning algorithm as a critic, we use a two timescales target-based version of TD learning closely inspired from practical actor-critic algorithms implementing target networks. First, we establish asymptotic convergence results for both the critic and the actor under Markovian sampling. Then, we provide a finite-time analysis showing the impact of incorporating a target network into actor-critic methods
Books on the topic "Trap avoidance"
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Preston, Thomas. Pandora's trap: Presidential decision making and blame avoidance in Vietnam and Iraq. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2014.
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Harding, Roger D. Abundance and length, trap avoidance, and short-term spatial movement of cutthroat trout at McKinney Lake, southeast Alaska, 1996. Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Sport Fish, 1999.
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Pandora's trap: Presidential decision making and blame avoidance in Vietnam and Iraq. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2011.
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Preston, Thomas. Pandora's Trap: Presidential Decision Making and Blame Avoidance in Vietnam and Iraq. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2011.
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Auty, Richard M., and Haydn I. Furlonge. The Rent Curse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828860.001.0001.
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This book analyses the political economy of economic development using two stylized facts models of rent-driven growth. The models show that: (i) the resource curse is a variant of a wider rent curse that can be driven by geopolitical rent (foreign aid), labour rent (worker remittances), or regulatory rent (government manipulation of relative prices); (ii) the rent curse is caused by policy failure and is avoidable; (iii) the global incidence of the rent curse varies over time, which reflects development policy fashions; and (iv) the intensity of the rent curse also varies with rent linkages. Rent cycling theory posits that low rent incentivizes the elite to grow the economy to become wealthy, whereas high rent encourages siphoning rent for immediate enrichment at the expense of sustainable and diversified economic growth. The contrasting incentives trigger divergent policies and structural change. Low rent motivates the efficient allocation of inputs in line with the economy’s comparative advantage in labour-intensive exports, which drives: structural change; rapid egalitarian economic growth; and incremental democratization. High rent, however, elicits contests to capture rent for immediate enrichment so the economy absorbs rent too quickly. The economy experiences Dutch disease effects that expand a subsidized urban sector whose rent demands outstrip supply, resulting in a staple trap and a protracted growth collapse. The economy fails to diversify competitively and depends for growth on expanding rent rather than on competitive diversification that boosts productivity. The book uses the models to explain why many developing countries in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Gulf followed a staple trap trajectory and draws on East Asia and South Asia for reform.
Book chapters on the topic "Trap avoidance"
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Miles, Chris, Sushil J. Louis, and Rich Drewes. "Trap Avoidance in Strategic Computer Game Playing with Case Injected Genetic Algorithms." In Genetic and Evolutionary Computation – GECCO 2004. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24854-5_130.
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Kumar, Anup, Sandeep Rai, and Rajesh Boghey. "A Novel Approach for SQL Injection Avoidance Using Two-Level Restricted Application Prevention (TRAP) Technique." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5113-0_17.
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Preston, Thomas. "Chapter 05. Opening Pandora’s Box: Blame Avoidance during the Iraq War." In Pandora's Trap. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9781442212152-149.
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Preston, Thomas. "Chapter 03. The Politics of Blame Avoidance: Presidential Strategies for Surviving the Washington “Blame Game”." In Pandora's Trap. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9781442212152-69.
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Preston, Thomas. "Chapter 04. Opening Pandora’s Box: Blame Avoidance, 9/11, and the Push for War with Iraq." In Pandora's Trap. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9781442212152-105.
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Carter, Bryan D., William G. Kronenberger, and Eric L. Scott. "Session 7: Assertiveness and Relationships." In Children's Health and Illness Recovery Program (CHIRP). Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190070472.003.0008.
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In Session 7 you are introduced to the concept of avoidant coping. We all use avoidance at times in dealing with stressful, unpleasant and uncomfortable situations. However, if we use avoidance as the major way to cope with these challenges, it will have a negative impact on our ability to function physically, emotionally, and in school and social situations. In order to make sure we don’t fall into the trap of over-using avoidance in dealing with the challenges of a chronic medical problem, CHIRP uses activities that teach you strategies that can disrupt this cycle by improving your skills and confidence in dealing with stressful situations you may encounter socially and in your daily life. Key skills you will learn include improving interpersonal communication and assertive behaviors. Increasing your skills and comfort in communicating and asserting your wants and needs with others is a primary goal of this session.
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"Terry Hogan : The Avoidance Trap: Developing a Case Formulation." In Child and Adolescent Psychopathology: A Casebook. SAGE Publications, Inc, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506349336.n1.
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Pezzini, Mario. "Citizens’ Rising Expectations." In Trapped in the Middle? Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852773.003.0006.
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Middle-income countries (MICs) face a number of challenges in responding to the increasing demand for public goods, including an institutional development trap that prevents effective domestic resource mobilization. This chapter starts by outlining these challenges, also providing an overview of existing sources of domestic resources in MICs. It then goes on to explore avenues and mechanisms for MICs to increase domestic revenues. These include building resilience to tax evasion and avoidance, enhancing tax structures and better navigating the political economy of fiscal reform. To achieve more effective domestic resource mobilization in MICs, the chapter ends with two proposals: redefining national development strategies aimed at rebuilding people’s trust. This includes ensuring quality spending, and strengthening an international cooperation system that helps countries build their institutional capacities by fighting tax avoidance and evasion.
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Duong Thach-Thao, Pham Duc Nghia, and Sattar Abdul. "A Study of Local Minimum Avoidance Heuristics for SAT." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-098-7-300.
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Stochastic local search for satisfiability (SAT) has successfully been applied to solve a wide range of problems. However, it still suffers from a major shortcoming, i.e. being trapped in local minima. In this study, we explore different heuristics to avoid local minima. The main idea is to proactively avoid local minima rather than reactively escape from them. This is worthwhile because it is time consuming to successfully escape from a local minimum in a deep and wide valley. In addition, revisiting an encountered local minimum several times makes it worse. Our new trap avoidance heuristics that operate in two phases: (i) learning of pseudo-conflict information at each local minimum, and (ii) using this information to avoid revisiting the same local minimum. We present a detailed empirical study of different strategies to collect pseudo-conflict information (using either static or dynamic heuristics) as well as to forget the outdated information (using naive or time window smoothing). We select a bench-mark suite that includes all random and structured instances used in the 2011 SAT competition and three sets of hardware and software verification problems. Our results show that the new heuristics significantly outperform existing stochastic local search solvers (including Sparrow2011 - the best local search solver for random instances in the 2011 SAT competition) on all tested benchmarks.
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Kouzak, Valeska, and Erika Reimann. "The Psychoanalytic Crisis: The Place of Ego in a Contemporary World." In The Wounds of Our Mother Psychoanalysis - New Models for a Psychoanalysis in Crisis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107249.
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Psychoanalysis rose at the end of the nineteenth century as a possibility of reintegrating the mind and body. This came up as proposing a theory that empirically demonstrates that emotions create symptoms in the body. Psychoanalysis introduces a subject moved by desires, governed by the unconscious. Since then, in a dialectic perspective, search and offer to society a counterpoint view of current thought, offering new insights and reflection, bringing enlightenment of what is obscure in individuals’ internal life. The contemporary psychoanalytic crisis comes from conflict avoidance, not worrying in the integrative view, falling into a trap of “politically correct,” that is, accepting what is advocated, without questioning, not putting on the agenda the obscure side effects in human beings, the Unconscious. Therefore, in a psychoanalytic theoretical perspective, this chapter has the aim to reflect about the psychic suffering inside a body identity, without getting into sociological and anthropological meanings about the shaping of social identity. This study seeks to present the psychic suffering of the unidentified body, which not always will find resolution in an aesthetic procedure that might be belonging to a fantasy and identity recognition.
Conference papers on the topic "Trap avoidance"
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Collin, Jean, Chuck Marks, Jack Dingee, and Jonathan Tatman. "Demonstration of Helium Measurement Capability to Support Repair of Irradiated Components." In AM-EPRI 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2024p0135.
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Abstract As many nuclear power plants are in the license renewal operating period and some are entering subsequent license renewal, there is increased probability that repairs will be needed on components that have been exposed to significant neutron fluence. The neutron-driven transmutation of nickel and tramp boron in austenitic materials commonly used in reactor internals can lead to the generation of trapped helium and the associated risk of helium-induced cracking (HeIC) during weld repairs. In the weld heat affected zone, where temperatures are insufficient to allow the helium to diffuse out of the material, the helium can remain trapped. Upon cooling, the residual stresses, combined with weakened grain boundaries due to helium coalescence, can lead to cracking. The current ASME limit for helium content for Code repairs is 0.1 appm. Prior work has demonstrated a strong inverse correlation between helium content and permissible weld heat input for avoidance of HelC. The helium concentration in the material to be repaired is thus a critical input to the development of weld repair processes to be applied to these materials. The reliable measurement of helium in irradiated materials at concentrations relevant for the evaluation of HeIC risk is a specialized process. It is important to demonstrate that the capability is available and can be practically leveraged to support emergent repairs. This paper presents on the execution and results of a multi-laboratory test program aimed at demonstrating the industry capability of acquiring accurate, repeatable, and timely measurements of relatively low concentrations of helium (&lt; ~20 appm) within austenitic materials commonly used in reactor internals. Participating laboratories were supplied with equivalent specimens extracted from boron-doped coupons that were irradiated to drive the boron-to-helium transmutation reaction. The results and lessons learned from the program are expected to support the development of industry guidance for the acquisition of similar measurements supporting nuclear component repairs.
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Krainak, Michael A., and Frederic M. Davidson. "Two-wave Mixing Gain in BSO with Applied Alternating Electric Fields." In Nonlinear Optical Properties of Materials. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlopm.1988.mf11.
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Image amplification using photorefractive two-wave mixing is attractive since high gain and high signal-to-noise ratios are achievable using relatively low-power lasers. Huignard et. al. have achieved high gains in Bi12SiO20 (BSO) using the DC field and moving grating technique1. The disadvantages of this technique are the uniform illumination and external frequency shift requirements. Another option is the use of alternating electric fields as suggested by Stepanov and Petrov2. This technique has been demonstrated in BTO2 and GaAs3. It maintains the 90o phase shift between the incident fringe pattern and holographic grating required for image amplification, while allowing enhancement of the refractive index change via the external field. Other advantages include increased stability, no requirement for uniform illumination, and the avoidance of the electrode "shadowing" problem. In addition, the trap saturation regime (i. e. the maximum possible grating amplitude for a given material) can be reached at very high fields. The application of this technique to BSO has been suggested previously2,3,4, and preliminary results are presented here.
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Thatte, Nitish, Nandagopal Srinivasan, and Hartmut Geyer. "Real-Time Reactive Trip Avoidance for Powered Transfemoral Prostheses." In Robotics: Science and Systems 2019. Robotics: Science and Systems Foundation, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15607/rss.2019.xv.034.
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Takahashi, Sho, Masahiro Yagi, and Toru Hagiwara. "Data Accumulation System of Obstacle Avoidance Behavior on Bicycle Trip for Transportation Engineering." In 2019 IEEE 8th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcce46687.2019.9014633.
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Yagi, Masahiro, Sho Takahashi, and Toru Hagiwara. "An Evaluation Method of Obstacle Avoidance Behavior on Bicycle Trip Using Rider's Gesture." In 2019 IEEE 8th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcce46687.2019.9015353.
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Miyake, Tamon, Yo Kobayashi, Masakatsu G. Fujie, and Shigeki Sugano. "Timing of intermittent torque control with wire-driven gait training robot lifting toe trajectory for trip avoidance." In 2017 International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icorr.2017.8009267.
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Dollar, R. Austin, and Ardalan Vahidi. "Predictively Coordinated Vehicle Acceleration and Lane Selection Using Mixed Integer Programming." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9177.
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Autonomous vehicle technology provides the means to optimize motion planning beyond human capacity. In particular, the problem of navigating multi-lane traffic optimally for trip time, energy efficiency, and collision avoidance presents challenges beyond those of single-lane roadways. For example, the host vehicle must simultaneously track multiple obstacles, the drivable region is non-convex, and automated vehicles must obey social expectations. Furthermore, reactive decision-making may result in becoming stuck in an undesirable traffic position. This paper presents a fundamental approach to these problems using model predictive control with a mixed integer quadratic program at its core. Lateral and longitudinal movements are coordinated to avoid collisions, track a velocity and lane, and minimize acceleration. Vehicle-to-vehicle connectivity provides a preview of surrounding vehicles’ motion. Simulation results show a 79% reduction in congestion-induced travel time and an 80% decrease in congestion-induced fuel consumption compared to a rule-based approach.
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Smith, Kenneth, and Anthony Fahme. "Back Side-Cooled Combustor Liner for Lean-Premixed Combustion." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-239.
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This paper describes the design and initial testing of a second generation, lean-premixed combustor for a 6100 horsepower industrial gas turbine. The full scale, prototype combustor liner employed augmented backside cooling (ABC) as a means of reducing NOx and CO emissions. A thermal barrier coating (TBC) was applied on the liner hot side to reduce thermal flux from the flame zone. The goal of the effort was to demonstrate that the avoidance of film-cooling for the combustor liner would allow emissions reductions in a lean-premixed combustion system. Testing of the combustor was conducted in both low and high pressure environments. The testing demonstrated that the use of trip-strips for backside cooling provides an effective means of reducing CO emissions. The lower CO levels can be exploited by lowering flame temperatures to achieve lower NOx emissions. Reaction quenching associated with film cooling is indicated as the cause of the higher CO emissions in more conventional liners. Cyclic rig testing showed the TBC to have good short-term durability. Long-term field testing is getting underway.
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Montes, Abraham C., Pradeepkumar Ashok, Eric van Oort, Borna Leš, Marina Mullendore, and Saurabh Limaye. "Casing Run Failure Avoidance Through Automated Assessment of Borehole Quality." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.2118/223706-ms.
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Abstract Traditionally, evaluating a borehole's readiness to accept casing has relied on a manual, limited, and often biased analysis of an insufficient amount of data. This approach frequently results in casing run failures, leading to high non-productive time and cost. This paper proposes a digital tool to automate this analysis, providing the drilling team with a comprehensive, timely evaluation of the risk of casing run failure and an interpretation of that risk. The tool developed discretizes the hole section under analysis into small intervals. It then utilizes both time-series data (preferably 1-Hz) and contextual data to derive features associated with casing runnability for each interval. These features include the potential for cuttings accumulation, the presence of borehole undulations or excessive hole curvature, differences in rigidity between the casing and drillstring, and other factors further described in this paper. The tool then uses three models. The first one determines whether, in general, the casing run is likely to succeed. The second one determines whether each interval is likely to cause severe restrictions during the casing run. Finally, the third one explains the predictions of the second model. The tool was constructed with data from 52 hole sections from deepwater wells in the Gulf of Mexico and subsequently tested on 5 additional sections, comparing the actual casing runs with the tool's predictions. This test revealed that the model not only provides an accurate assessment of the risk of casing run failure—capturing actual risky intervals while avoiding spurious predictions—but also offers a meaningful interpretation of this risk. This interpretation includes identifying the location of high-risk intervals along the wellbore and the potential causes of such risks. Implementing this new interpretable tool can help reduce the frequency of casing run failures and the associated costs. Additionally, it can help avoid risks in subsequent hole sections caused by setting the casing above the planned depth, like the risk of getting stuck in the rat hole or drilling the next section with a reduced kick tolerance. Ultimately, the drilling team is enabled to make better-informed decisions before and during the casing run. They can decide whether a conditioning trip is required and/or whether to outfit the casing with reaming/drilling features. Furthermore, they can avoid inefficiencies caused by implementing overly conservative measures, like superfluous hole conditioning trips. The novelty of this tool is twofold. Firstly, it is the first tool that can indicate the location of risk along the wellbore in addition to providing a risk evaluation. Secondly, it integrates data-driven and physics-based models, in a hybrid approach implemented only to a limited extent in past studies. This tool represents a significant advancement over the traditional approach, not only in the volume of data it processes but also in its accuracy and interpretability.
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Reynolds, John. "The Vital Role of the Corrosion/Materials Engineer in the Life Cycle Management of Pressure Equipment." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57012.
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In my 40 years of experience I’ve come to firmly believe that nearly every operating site processing hydrocarbons needs the services, to some extent, of a competent, experienced corrosion/materials (C/M) engineer in order to achieve excellence in pressure equipment integrity and reliability (PEI&R). Without such services there are many PEI traps to fall into caused by lack of knowledge of corrosion and materials degradation issues. This paper outlines those traps that can lead not only to avoidable cost issues, but unanticipated breaches of containment and the ensuing undesirable safety and environmental consequences. The most well rounded C/M engineer should be knowledgeable, not just in metallurgy and materials selection, but also in process chemistry, corrosion and degradation mechanisms, corrosion barriers, materials degradation prevention, repair and replacement decisions and cost-effective mitigation practices. In this paper, I will indicate how a competent C/M engineer could easily save the company the cost of his/her services ten times over while recognizing that not all small sites may need a full time C/M engineer on staff, but should at least have access to one through contractual agreements. I will show how proactive corrosion control activities in the top ten vital C/M engineering aspects are necessary to achieve excellence (and avoid pressure equipment failures) in PEI&R.