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Journal articles on the topic 'Trapdoor spider'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 22 June 2025

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1

Steves, Irene, Pedro Berliner, and Berry Pinshow. "Air Temperature and Humidity at the Bottom of Desert Wolf Spider Burrows Are Not Affected by Surface Conditions." Insects 12, no. 10 (2021): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100943.

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Burrows are animal-built structures that can buffer their occupants against the vagaries of the weather and provide protection from predators. We investigated whether the trapdoors of wolf spider (Lycosa sp.; temporary working name "L. hyraculus") burrows in the Negev Desert serve to maintain favorable environmental conditions within the burrow by removing trapdoors and monitoring the ensuing temperature and relative humidity regime within them. We also monitored the behavioral responses of “L. hyraculus” to trapdoor removal at different times of the day and in different seasons. “L. hyraculus” often spun silk mesh in their burrow entrances in response to trapdoor removal during the day, possibly to deter diurnal predators. The frequency of web-spinning peaked on summer mornings, but spiders began spinning webs sooner after trapdoor removal later in the day. In addition, we monitored temperature and relative humidity in artificial burrows in the summer during the morning and at midday. At noon, air temperature (Ta) at the bottom of open burrows increased by <1 °C more than in covered burrows, but water vapor pressure in burrows did not change. The relatively small increase in Ta in uncovered burrows at midday can probably be ascribed to the penetration of direct solar radiation. Thus, air temperature and humidity at the bottom of the burrow are apparently decoupled from airflow at the surface.

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2

Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, and Maria Luisa Jiménez. "On the Mexican trapdoor spiders: description of a new species of the spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae) from the western coast of Mexico." Zootaxa 5453, no. 4 (2024): 538–48. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5453.4.4.

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Valdez-Mondragón, Alejandro, Jiménez, Maria Luisa (2024): On the Mexican trapdoor spiders: description of a new species of the spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae) from the western coast of Mexico. Zootaxa 5453 (4): 538-548, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5453.4.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8

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3

HENDRIXSON, BRENT E., and JASON E. BOND. "A new species of Stasimopus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), with notes on its natural history." Zootaxa 619, no. 1 (2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.619.1.1.

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A new species of ctenizid trapdoor spider is described, Stasimopus mandelai sp. nov., from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. This species occurs syntopically with S. schoenlandi Pocock and a number of other mygalomorph spiders at the Great Fish River Nature Reserve. Illustrations, photographs, and additional notes on burrow architecture and general natural history are provided.

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4

Kurczewski, Frank E., and Rick C. West. "Host selection and nesting behavior of Nearctic trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae, Pompilinae)." Insecta Mundi 2022, no. 959 (2022): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7399488.

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Kurczewski, Frank E., West, Rick C. (2022): Host selection and nesting behavior of Nearctic trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Pepsinae, Pompilinae). Insecta Mundi 2022 (959): 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7399488

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5

Raven, Robert J. "Euoplos Family Idiopidae, Golden Trapdoor Spider." Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club Newsletter 43 (December 2006): 14–15. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.419637.

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Kurczewski, Frank E., Alice J. Abela, and Rick C. West. "Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)." Insecta Mundi 2021, no. 902 (2021): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5865163.

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Kurczewski, Frank E., Abela, Alice J., West, Rick C. (2021): Nesting behavior, ecology, and functional morphology of the trapdoor spider-hunting spider wasp Aporus (Plectraporus) hirsutus (Banks) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Insecta Mundi 2021 (902): 1-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5865163

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7

Yu, Kun, and Zhi-Sheng Zhang. "On three species of the trapdoor spider Genus Cyclocosmia from China (Araneae, Halonoproctidae)." Zootaxa 4532, no. 2 (2018): 248–56. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.2.4.

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8

Yang, Zizhong, and Xin Xu. "Two new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae) from China." Zootaxa 4442, no. 1 (2018): 171–80. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.1.10.

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Yang, Zizhong, Xu, Xin (2018): Two new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae) from China. Zootaxa 4442 (1): 171-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4442.1.10

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9

Stockman, Amy K., and And Jason E. Bond. "A taxonomic review of the trapdoor spider genus Promyrmekiaphila Schenkel (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae, Euctenizinae)." Zootaxa 1823 (December 31, 2008): 25–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.183051.

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Stockman, Amy K., Bond, And Jason E. (2008): A taxonomic review of the trapdoor spider genus Promyrmekiaphila Schenkel (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae, Euctenizinae). Zootaxa 1823: 25-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.183051

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10

Tso, I.-Min, Joachim Haupt, and Ming-Sheng Zhu. "The Trapdoor Spider Family Ctenizidae (Arachnida: Araneae) From Taiwan." Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51, no. 1 (2003): 25–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4619307.

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11

Peter, J. Schwendinger. "A revision of the trapdoor spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) in peninsular Malaysia; part 1." Revue suisse de Zoologie 124, no. 2 (2017): 391–445. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.893555.

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Peter J. Schwendinger (2017): A revision of the trapdoor spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) in peninsular Malaysia; part 1. Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (2): 391-445, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.893555

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12

Schwendinger, Peter J. "Two New Species Of The Arboreal Trapdoor Spider Genus Sason (Araneae: Barychelidae) From Southeast Asia." Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51, no. 2 (2003): 197–207. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4619377.

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Schwendinger, Peter J. (2003): Two New Species Of The Arboreal Trapdoor Spider Genus Sason (Araneae: Barychelidae) From Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51 (2): 197-207, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4619377

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13

SILIWAL, MANJU, and SANJAY MOLUR. "A new species of the genus Sason (Araneae: Barychelidae) from Rameshwaram Island, Tamil Nadu, India." Zootaxa 2283, no. 1 (2009): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2283.1.6.

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A new species of the genus Sason, S. rameshwaram sp. nov., of the Brush-footed trapdoor spider family Barychelidae is described from Rameshwaram Island, Tamil Nadu, India. Nest structure and habitat are documented.

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14

Gomes, João Pedro Costa, Naila Amanda Sousa dos Santos, Marlus Queiroz Almeida, Nikolas Gioia Cipola, and José Wellington de Morais. "Idiopidae Simon, 1889 in the Brazilian Amazon: two new species and a new geographic record." EntomoBrasilis 17 (June 4, 2024): e1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v17.e1076.

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Idiopidae Simon, 1889 is mostly composed of spiders known as trapdoor spiders, which create structures for shelter, hunting and protection against possible predators (Mason et al., 2013). It is divided into three subfamilies: Arbanitinae Simon, 1903, with spiders restricted to Oceania, Genysinae Simon, 1903, occurring in India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and South America, and Idiopinae Simon, 1889, from South America, Africa, East Middle and South to Southeast Asia (Raven 1985; World Spider Catalog 2023). Idiopidae is widely distributed throughout the world, however, only two genera are present in Brazil: Idiops Perty, 1833 and Neocteniza Pocock, 1895. In this work, we describe a new species for both genera present in Brazil and a new record of Idiops.

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15

Decae, Arthur E., Peter J. Schwendinger, and Komsan Hongpadharakiree. "Descriptions of four new trapdoor spider species in the subfamily Ummidiinae from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)." Zootaxa 4984, no. 1 (2021): 300–323. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.22.

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Decae, Arthur E., Schwendinger, Peter J., Hongpadharakiree, Komsan (2021): Descriptions of four new trapdoor spider species in the subfamily Ummidiinae from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae). Zootaxa 4984 (1): 300-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.22

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16

Ríos-Tamayo, Duniesky, and Pablo A. Goloboff. "A new trapdoor spider of the genus Actinopus (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) from Argentina." Zootaxa 5563, no. 1 (2025): 255–63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.17.

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Ríos-Tamayo, Duniesky, Goloboff, Pablo A. (2025): A new trapdoor spider of the genus Actinopus (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Actinopodidae) from Argentina. Zootaxa 5563 (1): 255-263, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.17, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.17

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17

Framenau, Volker W. "Portacosa, a new genus for the south-east Australian Grey Wolf Spider (Araneae, Lycosidae, Lycosinae)." Evolutionary Systematics 1 (December 22, 2017): 77–86. https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.1.14847.

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A new monotypic genus of Australian wolf spiders is proposed to accommodate the common south-east Australian Grey Wolf Spider, Portacosa cinerea gen. n. and sp. n. The genus includes large (total length 9.5–25.0 mm), uniformly grey-coloured wolf spiders with unique genital morphology, i.e. the ventral ridge of the tegular apophysis in the male pedipalp is comparatively sharp and situated towards its retrolateral edge, and the distinct anterior hood of the female epigyne is continuous with the inverted T-shaped median septum. Unlike most other members of the Lycosinae in Australia, the Grey Wolf Spider closes its burrow with a plug-like trapdoor. The species can be found in south-eastern mainland Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, South Australia) and Tasmania. It prefers compacted, open and often sun-exposed habitats such as road verges and river banks, but can also be found in open woodlands and grasslands.

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18

Hedin, Marshal, and Dave Carlson. "A new trapdoor spider species from the southern Coast Ranges of California (Mygalomorphae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus coylei, sp. nov,), including consideration of mitochondrial phylogeographic structuring." Zootaxa 2963 (December 31, 2011): 55–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.201647.

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Hedin, Marshal, Carlson, Dave (2011): A new trapdoor spider species from the southern Coast Ranges of California (Mygalomorphae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus coylei, sp. nov,), including consideration of mitochondrial phylogeographic structuring. Zootaxa 2963: 55-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201647

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19

Xu, Xin, Li Yu, Fengxiang Liu, and Daiqin Li. "Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae)." Zootaxa 5091, no. 1 (2022): 131–54. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5.

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Xu, Xin, Yu, Li, Liu, Fengxiang, Li, Daiqin (2022): Delimitation of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Luthela gen. nov., with comments on the genus Sinothela from northern China (Araneae, Mesothelae, Liphistiidae). Zootaxa 5091 (1): 131-154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.1.5

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20

Mirza, Zeeshan A. "Notes on the trapdoor spider genus Tigidia Simon 1892 (Araneae: Barychelidae: Barychelinae) with the description of three new species from India." Journal of Natural History 57 (February 24, 2023): 159–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2172470.

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Mirza, Zeeshan A. (2023): Notes on the trapdoor spider genus Tigidia Simon 1892 (Araneae: Barychelidae: Barychelinae) with the description of three new species from India. Journal of Natural History 57: 159-174, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2172470, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2172470

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21

K, Sunil Jose. "A new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Araneae: Halonoproctidae) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India." Zoological Systematics 46, no. 3 (2021): 258–63. https://doi.org/10.11865/zs.2021307.

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K, Sunil Jose (2021): A new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Araneae: Halonoproctidae) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Zoological Systematics 46 (3): 258-263, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021307, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/7bac2e74-c71e-31b6-b320-6d8dddd25b4a/

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22

McCurry, Matthew R., Michael Frese, and Robert Raven. "A large brush-footed trapdoor spider (Mygalomorphae: Barychelidae) from the Miocene of Australia." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200, no. 4 (2023): 1026–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad100.

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McCurry, Matthew R., Frese, Michael, Raven, Robert (2024): A large brush-footed trapdoor spider (Mygalomorphae: Barychelidae) from the Miocene of Australia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (4): 1026-1033, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad100, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad100

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23

Rix, Michael, and Mike S. Harve. "A new species of the spiny trapdoor spider genus Eucyrtops (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) from south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Taxonomy 4 (July 29, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54102/ajt.unvpo.

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The third species of the Western Australian endemic trapdoor spider genus Eucyrtops, E. ksenijae sp. nov., is described from south-western Australia. It is presently known from a single location situated near the border of the Avon Wheatbelt and Jarrah Forest bioregions.

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24

Decae, Arthur, Paolo Pantini, and Marco Isaia. "A new species-complex within the trapdoor spider genus Nemesia Audouin 1826 distributed in northern and central Italy, with descriptions of three new species (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae)." Zootaxa 4059, no. 3 (2015): 525–40. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4059.3.5.

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Decae, Arthur, Pantini, Paolo, Isaia, Marco (2015): A new species-complex within the trapdoor spider genus Nemesia Audouin 1826 distributed in northern and central Italy, with descriptions of three new species (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae). Zootaxa 4059 (3): 525-540, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.3.5

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25

YANG, ZIZHONG, and XIN XU. "Two new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Mygalomorphae: Halonoproctidae) from China." Zootaxa 4442, no. 1 (2018): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.1.10.

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Here male specimens of the trapdoor spider family Halonoproctidae collected from Yunnan Province, China are diagnosed and described as new to science based on their genital morphology. Specimens are identified as two new species of Conothele Thorell, 1878: C. cangshan sp. nov. and C. deqin sp. nov.

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26

Cassar, Thomas, David Mifsud, and Arthur E. Decae. "The Nemesia trapdoor spider fauna of the Maltese archipelago, with the description of two new species (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae)." European Journal of Taxonomy 806, no. 1 (2022): 90–112. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.806.1705.

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Cassar, Thomas, Mifsud, David, Decae, Arthur E. (2022): The Nemesia trapdoor spider fauna of the Maltese archipelago, with the description of two new species (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 806 (1): 90-112, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.806.1705, URL: http://zoobank.org/4991ba30-038f-4b86-983b-e4e738c56759

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27

Schwendinger, Peter J., Nurul Syuhadah, Christina Lehmann-Graber, et al. "A revision of the trapdoor spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) in Peninsular Malaysia: part 2." Revue suisse de Zoologie 126, no. 2 (2019): 321–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3463473.

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Schwendinger, Peter J., Syuhadah, Nurul, Lehmann-Graber, Christina, Price, Liz,, Huber, Siegfried, Hashim, Rosli, Bhassu, Subha, Monod, Lionel (2019): A revision of the trapdoor spider genus Liphistius (Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) in Peninsular Malaysia: part 2. Revue suisse de Zoologie 126 (2): 321-353, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3463473

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Harvey, Frances S. B., Volker W. Framenau, Janine M. Wojcieszek, Michael G. Rix, and Mark S. Harvey. "Molecular and morphological characterisation of new species in the trapdoor spider genus Aname (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae) from the Pilbara bioregion of Western Australia." Zootaxa 3383 (December 31, 2012): 15–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.215484.

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Harvey, Frances S. B., Framenau, Volker W., Wojcieszek, Janine M., Rix, Michael G., Harvey, Mark S. (2012): Molecular and morphological characterisation of new species in the trapdoor spider genus Aname (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae) from the Pilbara bioregion of Western Australia. Zootaxa 3383: 15-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.215484

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Leenders, Xavier J. R., and Mark S. Harvey. "A new species of open-holed trapdoor spider of the genus Proshermacha (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) from Western Australia." Australian Journal of Taxonomy 20 (May 27, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54102/ajt.vyjry.

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The open-holed trapdoor spider genus Proshermacha Simon, 1908 occurs across southern Australia and currently comprises ten named species although most are poorly diagnosed. We describe a new species, Proshermacha wilga, from southern Western Australia from adult males and adult females, which is supported by a multi-gene molecular analysis.

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Harvey, Mark S., Jeremy D. Wilson, and Michael G. Rix. "Two new species of the open-holed trapdoor spider genus Aname (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) from southern Australia." Australian Journal of Taxonomy 2 (June 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54102/ajt.h7iv8.

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The open-holed trapdoor spider genus Aname L. Koch, 1873 is endemic to Australia, and currently contains 46 named species. We describe two new species from southern Australia: Aname elegans sp. nov. from the Gawler bioregion of South Australia and Aname pulchella sp. nov. from the Mallee and Hampton bioregions of southern Western Australia.

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31

Marsh, Jessica R., Sophie E. Harrison, Jeremy D. Wilson, and Michael G. Rix. "A new species of the spiny trapdoor spider genus Blakistonia (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) from Kangaroo Island, South Australia." Australian Journal of Taxonomy 59 (April 17, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.54102/ajt.blmvg.

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The first species of the Australian spiny trapdoor spider genus Blakistonia Hogg, 1902 to be recorded from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, is described from both males and females, bringing the number of described species of Blakistonia to 21. Blakistonia rooinsula sp. nov. has been recorded from coastal habitats and nearby locations, across a number of sites on Kangaroo Island.

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32

BOND, JASON E., and NORMAN I. PLATNICK. "A Taxonomic Review of the Trapdoor Spider Genus Myrmekiaphila (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)." American Museum Novitates 3596, no. 1 (2007): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3596[1:ATROTT]2.0.CO;2.

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BOND, JASON E., PLATNICK, NORMAN I. (2007): A Taxonomic Review of the Trapdoor Spider Genus Myrmekiaphila (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae). American Museum Novitates 3596 (1): 1-32, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0082(2007)3596[1:ATROTT]2.0.CO;2, URL: http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1206%2F0003-0082(2007)3596%5B1%3AATROTT%5D2.0.CO%3B2

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33

McIver, J. D., G. L. Parsons, and A. R. Moldenke. "Litter spider succession after clear-cutting in a western coniferous forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 7 (1992): 984–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-132.

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The litter spiders of a coniferous forest in western Oregon were trapped in pitfalls to study the effects of, and recovery after, clear-cutting. Traps were placed in old-growth sites (150–450 years) and in clearcuts of three different ages (4–7, 16–19, and 22–31 years); each age-class was represented by sites that differed along a gradient of moisture availability. A total of 8905 individuals were collected over the 2-year study period, comprising 93 species, 54 genera, and 15 families. Visual pursuit hunting spiders dominated clearcuts, while "sit and wait" microweb and trapdoor spiders dominated mature forests. Most of the common forest species were reestablished in the wettest sites by 30 years after clear-cutting; species composition in dry 30-year-old clearcuts more closely resembled the fauna of shrubby wet 16-year-old clearcuts. Microenvironmental conditions and the availability and species composition of prey are the most likely factors behind variation in spider species composition among sites. Prey and microenvironment are in turn largely influenced by canopy closure and litter depth. The use of litter spiders as bioindicators of litter habitat quality and forest recovery is discussed.

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34

Decae, A.E. "Two new trapdoor spider species in the genus Nemesia Audouin, 1827 and the first report of this genus from Greece (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae)." Deinsea 2 (November 30, 1995): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1067588.

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The trapdoor spider genus <em>Nemesia </em>Audouin, 1827 is widely spread in southern Europe from Portugal to Roumania, but it has up to date never been reported from Greece. Here two new species <em>N. daedali </em>and <em>N. caranhaci </em>are described from Crete. Information on the burrow structure and natural history is given for both species.

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35

Bond, Jason E., Chris A. Hamilton, Rebecca L. Godwin, Joel M. Ledford, and James Starrett. "Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of the North American Trapdoor Spider Family Euctenizidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) and the Discovery of a New 'Endangered Living Fossil' Along California's Central Coast." Insect Systematics and Diversity 4, no. 2020 (2020): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa010.

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Bond, Jason E., Hamilton, Chris A., Godwin, Rebecca L., Ledford, Joel M., Starrett, James (2020): Phylogeny, Evolution, and Biogeography of the North American Trapdoor Spider Family Euctenizidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) and the Discovery of a New 'Endangered Living Fossil' Along California's Central Coast. Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (2020), No. 2: 1-14, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixaa010, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa010

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36

Millenpeier, Micaela, Nelson Edgardo Ferretti, and Micaela Nicoletta. "Description of the female of Actinopus balcarce Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff, 2018 (Araneae, Actinopodidae), with comments on its natural history." Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 9, no. 4 (2023): 809–17. https://doi.org/10.61186/jibs.9.4.809.

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Trapdoor spiders are known for digging deep burrows into the ground closed with a thick trapdoor. <em>Actinopus balcarce</em> Ríos-Tamayo & Goloboff was described based on two males from Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina. In a recent survey in the type locality, we found females probably belonging to this species. Morphology of the females found allowed us to attribute them to <em>Actinopus balcarce</em>,<em> </em>which are described for the first time. Photographs of the spermathecae are presented along with comments on the natural history of the species. Some morphological insights on the female of this species are also discussed.

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YU, KUN, and ZHI-SHENG ZHANG. "On three species of the trapdoor spider Genus Cyclocosmia from China (Araneae, Halonoproctidae)." Zootaxa 4532, no. 2 (2018): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.2.4.

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Three trapdoor spiders of the genus Cyclocosmia are photographed, illustrated and described in this paper, including two new species, C. subricketti sp. nov. (male and female) and C. sublatusicosta sp. nov. (male only) from China. The male of C. latusicosta Zhu, Zhang & Zhang, 2006 is described for the first time.

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Wilson, Jeremy D., Michael G. Rix, and Mark S. Harvey. "A new spider species of the genus Proshermacha (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) from the Coolgardie and Murchison bioregions of Western Australia, collected on a Bush Blitz expedition." Australian Journal of Taxonomy 19 (May 25, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54102/ajt.olxwd.

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The open-holed trapdoor spider genus Proshermacha Simon, 1908 (Anamidae) currently contains ten species. The genus is known to occur from south-western Western Australia, through southern South Australia and into western Victoria. Here, we describe the first species from semi-arid Western Australia, from Credo Station Reserve and surroundings. Several specimens of this species, including the holotype, were collected on a Bush Blitz expedition to Credo Station Reserve, in 2011.

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DECAE, ARTHUR E., PETER J. SCHWENDINGER, and KOMSAN HONGPADHARAKIREE. "Descriptions of four new trapdoor spider species in the subfamily Ummidiinae from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)." Zootaxa 4984, no. 1 (2021): 300–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.22.

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Males and females of four mygalomorph spider species (family Halonoproctidae, subfamily Ummidiinae) are newly described from Thailand, and the taxonomy of Ummidiinae is discussed. This is the first time that trapdoor spider species in this subfamily are described from Thailand. Two of these new species belong to the genus Conothele, the other two species are placed in the genus Latouchia. Conothele martensi spec. nov. was found in the north of the country (Chiang Mai Province), C. isan spec. nov. and Latouchia incerta spec. nov. were collected in northeastern Thailand (Buri Ram Province, Surin Province and Roi Et Province), and L. maculosa spec. nov. was found in the southern coastal province of Prachuap Khiri Khan.

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Yu, Li, Fengxiang Liu, Zengtao Zhang, Daiqin Li, and Xin Xu. "Three new species of the segmented spider genus Qiongthela (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Hainan Island, China." ZooKeys 1009 (January 11, 2021): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1009.57857.

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We report three new species of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Qiongthela Xu &amp; Kuntner, 2015 collected from Hainan Island, China based on morphological characters: Q. dongfangsp. nov. (♂♀), Q. nankaisp. nov. (♂♀), Q. yalinsp. nov. (♂♀). We also provide the GenBank accession codes of the DNA barcode gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), of the type specimens of all three new species to aid future identification.

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Yu, Li, Fengxiang Liu, Zengtao Zhang, Daiqin Li, and Xin Xu. "Three new species of the segmented spider genus Qiongthela (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Hainan Island, China." ZooKeys 1009 (January 11, 2021): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1009.57857.

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We report three new species of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Qiongthela Xu &amp; Kuntner, 2015 collected from Hainan Island, China based on morphological characters: Q. dongfangsp. nov. (♂♀), Q. nankaisp. nov. (♂♀), Q. yalinsp. nov. (♂♀). We also provide the GenBank accession codes of the DNA barcode gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), of the type specimens of all three new species to aid future identification.

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42

Yu, Li, Fengxiang Liu, Zengtao Zhang, Daiqin Li, and Xin Xu. "Three new species of the segmented spider genus Qiongthela (Mesothelae, Liphistiidae) from Hainan Island, China." ZooKeys 1009 (January 11, 2021): 123–38. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1009.57857.

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We report three new species of the segmented trapdoor spider genus Qiongthela Xu & Kuntner, 2015 collected from Hainan Island, China based on morphological characters: Q. dongfang sp. nov. (♂♀), Q. nankai sp. nov. (♂♀), Q. yalin sp. nov. (♂♀). We also provide the GenBank accession codes of the DNA barcode gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), of the type specimens of all three new species to aid future identification.

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ROSSI, GIULLIA DE F., VICTOR M. GHIROTTO, ARTHUR GALLETI-LIMA, RAFAEL P. INDICATTI, and JOSÉ P. L. GUADANUCCI. "“Flying” or digging? The trapdoor spider genus Neocteniza Pocock, 1895: Redescription of three species, new records from Brazil, notes on natural history and first record of ballooning for Idiopidae (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)." Zootaxa 5023, no. 4 (2021): 451–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5023.4.1.

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The Neotropical trapdoor spider genus Neocteniza Pocock, 1895 is distributed throughout Central and South America. The genus currently comprises 18 species and little is known about the biology of these spiders. We provide an amended diagnosis for the genus Neocteniza and the species: N. minima Goloboff, 1987, N. australis Goloboff, 1987 and N. toba Goloboff, 1987, and also redescribe them. We include new records of these species from Brazil and notes on natural history of N. toba, providing data on burrow structure, diet, development and the first record of ballooning behavior for Idiopidae. We propose a terminology for the genitalia and consider homology among genital structures and among possibly stridulatory structures. We also discuss relationships of Neocteniza with other Idiopidae, stressing the uniqueness of the genus and its differences from all other Idiopidae including other Genysinae.

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Harvey, Mark S., Jeremy D. Wilson, and Michael G. Rix. "Three new species of the open-holed trapdoor spider genus Kwonkan (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae) from central Australia." Australian Journal of Taxonomy 21 (May 27, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54102/ajt.l6he8.

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The open-holed trapdoor spider genus Kwonkan Main, 1983 is endemic to Australia, and currently contains nine named species, predominately from south-western Australia. We describe three new species from central Australia: Kwonkan dissitus, sp. nov. and Kwonkan procul, sp. nov. from the Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields bioregion of South Australia, and Kwonkan seductus, sp. nov. from the Great Sandy Desert bioregion of the Northern Territory. The gender of the name Kwonkan is discussed, and assumed to be masculine.

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Wehtje, Walter. "TRAPDOOR SPIDER (CYRTAUCHENIIDAE; APTOSTICHUS) DEPREDATES WESTERN SNOWY PLOVER CHICK (CHARADRIUS ALEXANDRINUS)." Southwestern Naturalist 52, no. 3 (2007): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[435:tsadws]2.0.co;2.

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Abraham, Nendick. "On the Habits of the Tree Trapdoor Spider of Graham's Town1." Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 55, no. 1 (2009): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1887.tb02939.x.

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Opatova, Vera, Chris A. Hamilton, Marshal Hedin, Laura Montes De Oca, Jiři Král, and Jason E. Bond. "Phylogenetic Systematics and Evolution of the Spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae Using Genomic Scale Data." Systematic Biology 69, no. 4 (2019): 671–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz064.

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Abstract The infraorder Mygalomorphae is one of the three main lineages of spiders comprising over 3000 nominal species. This ancient group has a worldwide distribution that includes among its ranks large and charismatic taxa such as tarantulas, trapdoor spiders, and highly venomous funnel-web spiders. Based on past molecular studies using Sanger-sequencing approaches, numerous mygalomorph families (e.g., Hexathelidae, Ctenizidae, Cyrtaucheniidae, Dipluridae, and Nemesiidae) have been identified as non-monophyletic. However, these data were unable to sufficiently resolve the higher-level (intra- and interfamilial) relationships such that the necessary changes in classification could be made with confidence. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogenomic treatment of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae. We employ 472 loci obtained through anchored hybrid enrichment to reconstruct relationships among all the mygalomorph spider families and estimate the timeframe of their diversification. We sampled nearly all currently recognized families, which has allowed us to assess their status, and as a result, propose a new classification scheme. Our generic-level sampling has also provided an evolutionary framework for revisiting questions regarding silk use in mygalomorph spiders. The first such analysis for the group within a strict phylogenetic framework shows that a sheet web is likely the plesiomorphic condition for mygalomorphs, as well as providing insights to the ancestral foraging behavior for all spiders. Our divergence time estimates, concomitant with detailed biogeographic analysis, suggest that both ancient continental-level vicariance and more recent dispersal events have played an important role in shaping modern day distributional patterns. Based on our results, we relimit the generic composition of the Ctenizidae, Cyrtaucheniidae, Dipluridae, and Nemesiidae. We also elevate five subfamilies to family rank: Anamidae (NEW RANK), Euagridae (NEW RANK), Ischnothelidae (NEW RANK), Pycnothelidae (NEW RANK), and Bemmeridae (NEW RANK). Three families Entypesidae (NEW FAMILY), Microhexuridae (NEW FAMILY), and Stasimopidae (NEW FAMILY), and one subfamily Australothelinae (NEW SUBFAMILY) are newly proposed. Such a major rearrangement in classification, recognizing nine newly established family-level rank taxa, is the largest the group has seen in over three decades. [Biogeography; molecular clocks; phylogenomics; spider web foraging; taxonomy.]

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RÍOS-TAMAYO, DUNIESKY, and PABLO A. GOLOBOFF. "A new trapdoor spider of the genus Actinopus (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Actinopodidae) from Argentina." Zootaxa 5563, no. 1 (2025): 255–63. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.17.

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A small species of the spider genus Actinopus Perty 1833 from Copo National Park in Argentina is described—Actinopus chilikuti sp. nov. The new species belongs to a small group that in Argentina previously comprised three morphologically homogeneous species. Detailed morphological descriptions of both sexes, illustrations and geographic distribution of the new species are presented.

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Liu, Hao, Xin Xu, Zengtao Zhang, Fengxiang Liu, and Daiqin Li. "Four new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Araneae, Halonoproctidae) from China." ZooKeys 833 (April 1, 2019): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.833.32736.

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Herein four species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 collected from China are described as new to science based on the female genital morphology: C.baishasp. n. (Hainan Province), C.baotingsp. n. (Hainan Province), C.linzhisp. n. (Tibet), and C.jinggangshansp. n. (Jiangxi Province). For two Hainan species, C.baishasp. n. and C.baotingsp. n., between which it is difficult to distinguish solely based on female genital morphology, additional diagnoses derived from species-specific nucleotide substitution information and genetic distances using the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I are provided.

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Xu, Xin, Chen Xu, Fengxiang Liu, Zengtao Zhang, and Daiqin Li. "Four new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 from Mainland China and Laos (Araneae, Ctenizidae)." ZooKeys 643 (January 5, 2017): 63–74. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.643.10543.

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Here for the first time the presence of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Araneae: Ctenizidae) is reported from mainland China and Laos. Four Conothele species collected from the regions are described as new to science, based on the female genital morphology: C. baiyunensis Xu, Xu & Liu, sp. n. (Guangdong Province), C. daxinensis Xu, Xu & Li, sp. n. (Guangxi Province), C. sidiechongensis Xu, Xu & Liu, sp. n. (Yunnan Province, China and Vietnam), C. yundingensis Xu, Xu & Li, sp. n. (Yunnan Province).

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