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Journal articles on the topic 'Trapezoidal open channels'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hager, Willi H. "Trapezoidal side-channel spillways." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 4 (1985): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-091.

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Steady flows in trapezoidal, prismatic side-channel spillways are analysed using a hydraulic approach. Distinction between channels of small and moderate bottom slopes is made. All results are presented in typical nondimensional quantities, by which an immediate application is made possible. Key words: open channel flow, spillway, gradually varied flow, discharge supply, hydraulics.
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2

González, C. P., P. E. Vera, G. Carrillo, and S. García. "Design of open rectangular and trapezoidal channels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1002 (April 2018): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1002/1/012006.

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3

Atanov, Genadii A., Elena G. Evseeva, and Ehab A. Meselhe. "Estimation of Roughness Profile in Trapezoidal Open Channels." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125, no. 3 (1999): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1999)125:3(309).

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4

Shahari, Nor Azni, Nor Arif Husaini Norwaza, Iskandar Shah Mohd Zawawi, Nurisha Adrina Mohd Kamarul, and Aimi Said. "Numerical investigation on the behavior of combining open-channel flow." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 2 (2021): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i2.pp1110-1119.

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Open-channel flow is known as fluid flow with an open atmospheric surface. It has become an important issue especially when measuring the flow rate and depth of water as part of environmental management schemes. Many efforts have been made by the previous researchers to investigate the behavior of water flow. However, most studies on water flow have only been carried out in a straight prismatic main channel, either in a trapezoidal and rectangular type of channel section with lateral branch of angle of 90<sup>o</sup>. In this study, the general equations of combining open-channel flow for trapezoidal and V-shaped channels are modified in the form of nonlinear polynomial equations. The proposed equations are solved using Newton-Raphson procedure to determine the upstream flow depth. All the computations and analysis of the behavior of water flow depth influenced by Froude number and flow rate ratio are performed using graphical user interface, which is designed in MATLAB software. Comparative analysis shows that the modified equations agree well with the experimental data as reported in the literature. The trapezoidal channel demonstrates the highest value of flow depth as the Froude number and flow rate ratio increase; thus, it has potential to avoid water overflow.
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5

TOMINAGA, Akihiro, Masashi NAGAO, and Yasuhito Ohnuma. "SECONDARY FLOW STRUCTURES IN BENDS OF TRAPEZOIDAL OPEN CHANNELS." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 42 (1998): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.42.895.

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6

Nedelcu, Dragoş Iulian, Iulian Florescu, and Petru Gabriel Puiu. "The Simulative Analysis of the Fluid Parameters in Zone of Apparition of the Hydraulic Jump in the Penstock Placed on the Open Channels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.968.

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The paper proposes to realize a simulative analysis following the theoretical notions regarding the hydraulic jump, at flow of fluids through open channels, when open a plane penstock, which is located in a trapezoidal channel. A penstock is formed from a plan panel with upright movement in supports, with the possibility of adjustment a fluid flow by means of a handling device.
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7

Saghebian, Seyed Mahdi, Daniel Dragomir-Stanciu, and Roghayeh Ghasempour. "Assessing the Capability of KELM Meta-Model Approach in Predicting the Energy Dissipation in Different Shapes Channels." Proceedings 63, no. 1 (2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020063045.

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For transition of a supercritical flow into a subcritical flow in an open channel, a hydraulic jump phenomenon is used. Different shaped channels are used as useful tools in the extra energy dissipation of the hydraulic jump. Accurate prediction of relative energy dissipation is important in designing hydraulic structures. The aim of this paper is to assess the capability of a Kernel extreme Learning Machine (KELM) meta-model approach in predicting the energy dissipation in different shaped channels (i.e., rectangular and trapezoidal channels). Different experimental data series were used to develop the models. The obtained results approved the capability of the KELM model in predicting the energy dissipation. Results showed that the rectangular channel led to better outcomes. Based on the results obtained for the rectangular and trapezoidal channels, the combination of Fr1, (y2-y1)/y1, and W/Z parameters performed more successfully. Also, comparison between KELM and the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) approach showed that KELM is more successful in the predicting process.
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8

Aksoy, Hafzullah, Mir Jafar Sadegh Safari, Necati Erdem Unal, and Mirali Mohammadi. "Velocity-based analysis of sediment incipient deposition in rigid boundary open channels." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 9 (2017): 2535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.429.

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Abstract Drainage systems must be designed in a way to minimize undesired problems such as decrease in hydraulic capacity of the channel, blockage and transport of pollutants due to deposition of sediment. Channel design considering self-cleansing criteria are used to solve the sedimentation problem. Incipient deposition is one of the non-deposition self-cleansing design criteria that can be used as a conservative method for channel design. Experimental studies have been carried out in five different cross-section channels, namely trapezoidal, rectangular, circular, U-shape and V-bottom. Experiments were performed in a tilting flume using four different sizes of sands as sediment in nine different channel bed slopes. Two well-known methods, namely the Novak & Nalluri and Yang methods are considered for the analysis of sediment motion. Equations developed using experimental data are found to be in agreement with the literature. It is concluded that the design velocity depends on the shape of the channel cross-section. Rectangular and V-bottom channels need lower and higher incipient deposition velocities, respectively, in comparison with other channels.
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9

Jing, Hefang, Chunguang Li, Yakun Guo, and Weilin Xu. "Numerical simulation of turbulent flows in trapezoidal meandering compound open channels." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 65, no. 9 (2011): 1071–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.2229.

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10

Zeng, Yu-hong, Yue-hua Wang, and Wen-xin Huai. "Hydraulic calculation of steady uniform flows in trapezoidal compound open channels." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 31, no. 8 (2010): 947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-010-1329-z.

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11

Liao, Huasheng, and Donald W. Knight. "Analytic stage–discharge formulae for flow in straight trapezoidal open channels." Advances in Water Resources 30, no. 11 (2007): 2283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.05.002.

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12

Unal, Necati. "Shear Stress-Based Analysis of Sediment Incipient Deposition in Rigid Boundary Open Channels." Water 10, no. 10 (2018): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101399.

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Urban drainage and sewer systems, and channels in general, are treated by the deposition of sediment that comes from water collecting systems, such as roads, parking lots, land, cultivation areas, and so forth, which are all under gradual or sudden change. The carrying capacity of urban area channels is reduced heavily by sediment transport that might even totally block the channel. In order to solve the sedimentation problem, it is therefore important that the channel is designed by considering self-cleansing criteria. Incipient deposition is proposed as a conservative method for channel design and is the subject of this study. With this aim, an experimental study carried out in trapezoidal, rectangular, circular, U-shape, and V-bottom channels is presented. Four different sizes of sand were used as sediment in the experiments performed in a tilting flume under nine different longitudinal channel bed slopes. A shear stress approach is considered, with the Shields and Yalin methods used in the analysis. Using the experimental data, functionals are developed for both methods. It is seen that the bed shear stress changes with the shape of the channel cross-section. Incipient deposition in rectangular and V-bottom channels starts under the lowest and the highest shear stress, respectively, due mainly to the shape of the channel cross-section that affects the distribution of shear stress on the channel bed.
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13

Horváth, Klaudia, Bart P. M. van Esch, Jorn Baayen, and Ivo Pothof. "Categorization of trapezoidal open channels based on flow conditions for the choice of simple models." La Houille Blanche, no. 4 (August 2018): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2018042.

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Many applications in water management rely on keeping the water levels of an open water channel within given bounds, e.g. irrigation canals, drainage systems, and hydropower systems. These are all open water channels where the water level is influenced by several known and unknown factors like precipitation, operation of structures, etc. Water levels can be efficiently controlled by model predictive control (MPC). In MPC the optimization algorithms give advice at every time step based on the current state of the system as well as on the expected future state. These algorithms need a model to predict the response of the system to the control inputs. In most cases, the need to guarantee convexity of the optimization problem leads to the requirement that these models should be linear. To date, several such linear models are available in literature, which are suited for control purposes. However, the choice between these models is not straightforward. In this work, we extend a categorization of open channels, based on which the choice of a simple model can be advised.
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14

Retsinis, Eugene, Erna Daskalaki, and Panos Papanicolaou. "Hydraulic and Hydrologic Analysis of Unsteady Flow in Prismatic Open Channel." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (2018): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110571.

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Comparison between hydraulic and hydrologic computational methods is conducted in this study, regarding prismatic open channels under unsteady subcritical flow conditions. One-dimensional unsteady flow continuity and momentum equations are solved using explicit and implicit finite difference schemes for a symmetrical trapezoidal cross section, where the flow discharge and depth are the dependent variables. The results have been compared to those derived from Muskingum-Cunge hydraulic/hydrologic method as well as the commercial software HEC-RAS. The results from explicit and implicit code compare well to those from commercial software and hydraulic/hydrologic methods for long prismatic channels, thus directing the hydraulic engineer to quick preliminary design of prismatic open channels for unsteady flow with satisfactory accuracy.
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15

Han, Yu, Tongshu Li, Shiyu Wang, and Jian Chen. "A Flow-Measuring Algorithm of Arc-Bottomed Open Channels through Multiple Characteristic Sensing Points of the Flow-Velocity Sensor in Agricultural Irrigation Areas." Sensors 20, no. 16 (2020): 4504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164504.

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Precise flow measurement in the open channel is a key prerequisite to implementation of modern agricultural efficient water use. The channel with an arc-bottomed shape is the most common channel type in irrigation area at present. The paper has verified the log-law is along the normal line rather than along the vertical line in arc-bottom channel. By conducting the velocity distribution log-law, this paper derives the expression of the multiple characteristic sensing points location of the flow-velocity sensor in the channel section, which is along the normal line. Based on this, a new algorithm to estimate the discharge of the arc-bottomed channel flow is proposed. We have also developed the experiment of the arc-bottomed channels (including semicircular channels, arc-bottom trapezoidal channels and U-shaped channels) and utilize the data to verify the method. The results indicate that the sensing locations expression of the flow velocity measuring sensor such as acoustic doppler velocimetry and propeller is suitable for improving discharge estimation’s accuracy of the arc-bottomed channels. This method could be extensively used in estimating discharge of irrigation and drainage channels in agricultural water conservancy projects. It will enhance the efficiency and accuracy of water resources management departments in irrigation areas, which also meet the strategic requirements of agricultural sustainable development.
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16

Vatankhah, Ali R. "Explicit solutions for critical and normal depths in trapezoidal and parabolic open channels." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 4, no. 1 (2013): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2012.05.002.

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17

Mnassri, Souad, and Ali Triki. "On the unidirectional free-surface flow behavior in trapezoidal cross-sectional open-channels." Ocean Engineering 223 (March 2021): 108656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.108656.

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18

Samarinas, N., and C. Evangelides. "Discharge estimation for trapezoidal open channels applying fuzzy transformation method to a flow equation." Water Supply 21, no. 6 (2021): 2893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.155.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to implement fuzzy logic theory in order to estimate the discharge for open channels, which is a well-known physical problem affected by many factors. The problem can be solved by the Manning equation but the parameters present uncertainties as to their true-real values. Especially, the Manning n roughness coefficient, which is an empirically derived coefficient, presents quite a high variation for different substrates. With the help of fuzzy logic and utilizing a fuzzy transformation method, it is possible to include the uncertainties of the problem in the calculation process. In this case, it is feasible to estimate the discharge, putting more emphasis on different uncertainty rates of the Manning roughness coefficient, while the rest of the parameters remain with constant or zero uncertainty level. By taking different α-cut levels, it is shown that the methodology gives realistic and reliable results, presenting with great accuracy the variations of the water discharge for trapezoidal open channels. In this way, a possible underestimation or overestimation of the actual physical condition is avoided, by helping engineers and researchers to obtain a more comprehensive view of the real physical conditions, and thus make better management plans.
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19

Aksoy, Bülent, and A. Burcu Altan-Sakarya. "Optimal lined channel design." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 5 (2006): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-008.

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The optimum values of the section variables (side slope, bottom width, flow depth, and radius) for triangular, rectangular, trapezoidal, and circular channels are computed by minimizing the cost of the channel section. Manning's uniform flow formula is treated as the constraint of the optimization model. The cost function is arranged to include the cost of lining, the cost of earthwork, and the increment in the cost of earthwork with depth below the ground surface. The optimum values of section variables are expressed as explicit functions of unit cost terms. Unique values of optimum section variables are obtained for the case of minimum area or minimum wetted perimeter problems. Key words: open channel design, optimization, minimum cost, best hydraulic section.
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20

Ladino Moreno, Édgar Orlando, César Augusto García-Ubaque, and María Camila García Vaca. "Critical flow in open channels: Numerical solution using the Newton-Raphson method for Android 4.0 applica-tion." Tecnura 24, no. 63 (2020): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/22487638.16196.

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Context: In this article we present an algorithm under JavaScript source code for critical flow equation solution.
 Method: An object-oriented programming language was implemented for Android 4.0 or higher systems based on iterative and incremental processes (Agile development). The numerical method of Newton-Raphson was used to determine the critical depth of seven hydraulic sections (rectangular, trapezoidal, asymmetric trapezoidal, triangular, asymmetric triangular, parabolic and circular). A potential function was obtained to establish the seed value in iterative process, in order to accelerate and guarantee the convergence level for each section. This value is directly associated with hydraulic problem pre-established conditions.
 Results: The application calculates: critical depth, critical speed, hydraulic area, specific energy, wet perimeter and mirror. The results calculated by the application were validated against Excel analysis tool (Goal Seek) results and Hcanales® software developed by Máximo Villón Béjar Engineer. Finally, the application is available for free in Google Play Store, with the name "Critical Flow in Channels. Newton Raphson Solution".
 Conclusions: It is possible to develop easily accessible applications that meet the technical conditions required for the resolution of engineering-related situations.
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21

Shayya, W. H., R. H. Mohtar, and M. S. Baasiri. "A Computer Model for the Hydraulic Analysis of Open Channel Cross Sections." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 1 (January 1, 1996): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol1iss0pp57-64.

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Irrigation and hydraulic engineers are often faced with the difficulty of tedious trial solutions of the Manning equation to determine the various geometric elements of open channels. This paper addresses the development of a computer model for the design of the most commonly used channel-sections. The developed model is intended as an educational tool. It may be applied to the hydraulic design of trapezoidal , rectangular, triangular, parabolic, round-concered rectangular, and circular cross sections. Two procedures were utilized for the solution of the encountered implicit equations; the Newton-Raphson and the Regula-Falsi methods. In order to initiate the solution process , these methods require one and two initial guesses, respectively. Tge result revealed that the Regula-Flasi method required more iterations to coverage to the solution compared to the Newton-Raphson method, irrespective of the nearness of the initial guess to the actual solution. The average number of iterations for the Regula-Falsi method was approximately three times that of the Newton-Raphson method.
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22

Varandili, Seyyed Alireza, Hadi Arvanaghi, Mohammad Ali Ghorbani, and Zaher Mundher Yaseen. "A novel and exact analytical model for determination of critical depth in trapezoidal open channels." Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 68 (August 2019): 101575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2019.101575.

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23

Gama, Italon Rilson Vicente, André Luiz Andrade Simões, Harry Edmar Schulz, and Rodrigo De Melo Porto. "CÓDIGO LIVRE PARA SOLUÇÃO NUMÉRICA DAS EQUAÇÕES DE SAINT-VENANT EM CANAIS TRAPEZOIDAIS ASSIMÉTRICOS." Revista Eletrônica de Gestão e Tecnologias Ambientais 8, no. 2 (2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/gesta.v8i2.38913.

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<p>Ondas de cheia em canais e ondas produzidas por manobras em comportas são alguns fenômenos simulados com as equações de Saint-Venant em aplicações de engenharia. Um novo código foi desenvolvido para a solução dessas equações aplicadas a um canal trapezoidal assimétrico, empregando o método de volumes finitos de Lax e Friedrichs. Foi adotada uma linguagem de programação reconhecida por um <em>software</em> livre. Três testes numéricos foram realizados. O primeiro, correspondente à passagem de uma onda de cheia em um canal retangular, apresentou aderência aos resultados obtidos com a solução calculada através do método implícito de Preissmann, com desvio relativo máximo de 1,4% para a velocidade e de 0,81% para a altura de escoamento. O segundo teste resolveu o escoamento em um canal de fundo variado que induz à formação de um ressalto hidráulico. As comparações dos presentes resultados com aqueles de simulações publicadas recentemente resultaram em um desvio máximo de 2,3% para as alturas de escoamento, a montante e a jusante do ressalto hidráulico. Para as posições médias do ressalto hidráulico, o desvio foi de 2,4%. Na terceira comparação, simulou-se um ressalto hidráulico em um canal trapezoidal assimétrico de forte declividade, tendo sido encontrada uma solução com desvios relativos menores que 1% para os escoamentos a montante e a jusante do ressalto, quando comparados aos resultados calculados com o método de MacCormack. A posição média do ressalto nesta terceira comparação apresentou um desvio de 5,5% em relação aos resultados anteriores. Os desvios calculados indicam que o código desenvolvido é capaz de resolver escoamentos variáveis em canais com e sem a formação de ressaltos hidráulicos. Este é um resultado de cunho prático, pois mostra que códigos livres podem ser usados na prática da hidráulica em geometrias não-convencionais.</p><p> </p><p align="center">OPEN SOURCE FOR NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF SAINT-VENAN EQUATIONS IN ASYMMETRIC TRAPEZOIDAL OPEN-CHANNELS</p><p>Flood waves in channels, positive waves produced when operating floodgates, and the hydraulic jump are some phenomena simulated with the Saint-Venant equations in practical engineering applications. A new code was developed to solve these equations applied to an asymmetric trapezoidal channel using the Lax-Friedrichs finite volumes method. A programming language recognized by a free software was used. Three numerical tests were performed. The first, corresponding to the passage of a flood wave in a rectangular channel, showed adherence to results of the solution calculated using the Preissmann implicit method, presenting a maximum relative deviation of 1.4% for the speed and 0.81% for the flow height. The second test solved the flow in a channel with a variable bed that induces the formation of a hydraulic jump. Comparisons of the present results with those of recently published simulations produced a maximum deviation of 2.3% for the flow heights, upstream and downstream of the hydraulic jump. For the mean positions of the hydraulic jump the deviation was 2.4%. In the third comparison a hydraulic jump was simulated in an asymmetric trapezoidal channel with a strong slope, obtaining a solution with relative deviations less than 1% for flows upstream downstream of the jump, when compared to the results calculated with the MacCormack method. The average position of the jump in this third comparison showed a deviation of 5.5% in relation to the former results. The calculated deviations indicate that the developed code is capable of solving variable flows in channels with and without the formation of hydraulic jumps. This is a practical result, because it shows that open codes can be used in the practice of hydraulics in nonconventional geometries.</p>
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24

Martinez-Vazquez, Pedro, and Soroosh Sharifi. "Modelling boundary shear stress distribution in open channels using a face recognition technique." Journal of Hydroinformatics 19, no. 2 (2016): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2016.068.

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This paper describes a novel application of a pattern recognition technique for predicting boundary shear stress distribution in open channels. In this approach, a synthetic database of images representing normalized shear stress distributions is formed from a training data set using recurrence plot (RP) analysis. The face recognition algorithm is then employed to synthesize the RPs and transform the original database into short-dimension vectors containing similarity weights proportional to the principal components of the distribution of images. These vectors capture the intrinsic properties of the boundary shear stress distribution of the cases in the training set, and are sensitive to variations of the corresponding hydraulic parameters. The process of transforming one-dimensional data series into vectors of weights is invertible, and therefore, shear stress distributions for unseen cases can be predicted. The developed method is applied to predict boundary shear stress distributions in smooth trapezoidal and circular channels and the results show a cross correlation coefficient above 92%, mean square errors within 0.04% and 4.48%, respectively, and average shear stress fluctuations within 2% and 5%, respectively, thus indicating that the proposed method is capable of providing accurate estimations of the boundary shear stress distribution in open channels.
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25

Hussein, Bshkoj, and Shaker Jalil. "Hydraulic Performance for Combined Weir-Gate Structure." No.1 27, no. 1 (2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.27.1.06.

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Combined hydraulic structure play an important role in controlling flow in open channels. This study was based on experimental and numerical modeling investigations for combined hydraulic structure. For this purpose three physical models of combined sharp crested trapezoidal weir with bottom opening and one physical model of sharp crested trapezoidal weir separately were used and tested by running eight different flow rates over each model. In which three configurations of bottom opening were tested; the first configuration is a rectangular gate while other two configuration were trapezoidal with two different side slopes of (1V:4H) and (1V:2H). The water surface profiles passing through weir-gate system were measured for all thirty two runs of all models which show uniform flow at 2.11h from the upstream of weir. The commercial computational fluid dynamic software ANSYS CFX was used to simulate flow numerically. The verification of the numerical model was based on water surface profiles and discharge which showed acceptable agreement. Also, the results showed that discharge coefficient Cd varies from (0.52-0.58). Furthermore, it was shown that both models with trapezoidal gate pass a higher discharge of flow than the model with rectangular gate with average percentage increase of discharge (40.78% and 19.40%) for trapezoidal side slopes (1H:2V and 1H:4V) respectively. In addition, the combined system with milder trapezoidal side slopes of bottom opening had a better performance for discharging weir flow which is about 40% as compared with traditional one. Finally, the empirical equations for stage-discharge relationship were estimated for all models and discharge coefficients were estimated for all runs.
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26

Elhakeem, Mohamed. "Explicit Solution for Flow Depth in Open Channels of Trapezoidal Cross-Sectional Area: Classic Problem of Interest." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 143, no. 7 (2017): 04017011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001179.

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27

Sharifi, S., M. Sterling, and D. W. Knight. "A novel application of a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm in open channel flow modelling." Journal of Hydroinformatics 11, no. 1 (2009): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2009.033.

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The Shiono and Knight method (SKM) is a simple depth-averaged flow model, based on the RANS equations which can be used to estimate the lateral distributions of depth-averaged velocity and boundary shear stress for flows in straight prismatic channels with the minimum of computational effort. However, in order to apply the SKM, detailed knowledge relating to the lateral variation of the friction factor (f), dimensionless eddy viscosity (λ) and a sink term representing the effects of secondary flow (Γ) are required. In this paper a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is used to study the lateral variation and value of these parameters for simple trapezoidal channels over a wide range of aspect ratios through the model calibration process. Based on the available experimental data, four objectives are selected and the NSGA-II algorithm is applied to several datasets. The best answer for each set is then selected based on a proposed methodology. Rules relating f, λ and Γ to the wetted parameter ratio (Pb/Pw) for a variety of situations have been developed which provide practical guidance for the engineer on choosing the appropriate parameters in the SKM model.
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28

Retsinis, Eugene, Erna Daskalaki, and Panayiotis Papanicolaou. "Dynamic flood wave routing in prismatic channels with hydraulic and hydrologic methods." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 69, no. 3 (2019): 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2019.091.

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Abstract Time-dependent, unsteady flow has been studied in prismatic open channels with symmetric trapezoidal and triangular cross sections and small bottom slope. The St Venant equations without lateral inflow have been discretized in explicit as well as in implicit form and solved numerically, for unsteady, subcritical flow. The inflow hydrograph used can be applied for different flood events by adjusting its parameters accordingly. The results presented are derived from the explicit schemes Lax-Diffusive, MacCormack, Lambda as well as the implicit Preissmann scheme, and are compared to those from the Muskingum-Cunge method and the widely used commercial software HEC-RAS. The peak flow computed by the Lax-Diffusive scheme was reduced at the downstream end of the channel and the arrival time of the peak increased if compared to the other methods. The Muskingun-Cunge method forecasted the shortest peak flow arrival time at the downstream end cross section. Mass conservation computed from inflow and outflow hydrographs has been confirmed, since the maximum error did not exceed 2.60%. All codes were implemented in house using Matlab®.
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29

Asnaashari, Adel, Ali Akbar Akhtari, Amir Ahmad Dehghani, and Hossein Bonakdari. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the flow field in the gradual transition of rectangular to trapezoidal open channels." Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics 10, no. 1 (2016): 272–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2016.1149102.

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30

Figuérez, Juan Alfonso, Javier González, and Álvaro Galán. "Accurate Open Channel Flowrate Estimation Using 2D RANS Modelization and ADCP Measurements." Water 13, no. 13 (2021): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131772.

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Boat-mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) are commonly used to measure the streamwise velocity distribution and discharge in rivers and open channels. Generally, the method used to integrate the measurements is the velocity-area method, which consists of a discrete integration of flow velocity over the whole cross-section. The discrete integration is accomplished independently in the vertical and transversal direction without assessing the hydraulic coherence between both dimensions. To address these limitations, a new alternative method for estimating the discharge and its associated uncertainty is here proposed. The new approach uses a validated 2D RANS hydraulic model to numerically compute the streamwise velocity distribution. The hydraulic model is fitted using state estimation (SE) techniques to accurately reproduce the measurement field and hydraulic behaviour of the free-surface stream. The performance of the hydraulic model has been validated with measurements on two different trapezoidal cross-sections in a real channel, even with asymmetric velocity distribution. The proposed method allows extrapolation of measurement information to other points where there are no measurements with a solid and consistent hydraulic basis. The 2D-hydraulic velocity model (2D-HVM) approach discharge values have been proven more accurate than the ones obtained using velocity-area method, thank to the enhanced use of the measurements in addition to the hydraulic behaviour represented by the 2D RANS model.
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31

Sennaoui, Foued, Tamara Benabdesselam, and Abdallah Saihia. "Use of modelling for the renovation of drainage channels – The case of the Bouteldja plain in northeastern Algeria." Journal of Water and Land Development 43, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2019-0057.

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AbstractAgricultural drainage has become a priority in agriculture and the economic development of the state. Algeria has launched several agro-economic projects pertaining to natural resources and human potential for development in agricultural areas. Our aim is to model the morphological evolution of open drainage channels, under the influence of sedimentary transport processes. The application of the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) software is to examine two-phase mathematical models. In our case it is the flow and the sedimentary charge along a trapezoidal earth channel of a wetland north east of Algeria. The results of these models were validated by actual data obtained during the observation period from 2017 to 2018, for various rainy events. The solid transport and sedimentation velocity equations of Engelund and Hansen and Van Rijn respectively used by this model, give Nash performance criteria equal to 0.95 and determination coefficient R2 equal to 0.91. On the other hand, the laying of a coarse gravel layer of median diameter of the grains d50% = 60 mm on the bottom of the channels reduces the rate of sedimentation by about 32% over an 11-year period. This satisfying objective study of the modelling allows to obtain an approach to the renovation and a plan for new design of drainage systems, that participates to the sustainable development in the agricultural field.
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32

Elhakeem, Mohamed. "Closure to “Explicit Solution for Flow Depth in Open Channels of Trapezoidal Cross-Sectional Area: Classic Problem of Interest” by Mohamed Elhakeem." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 144, no. 5 (2018): 07018019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001291.

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33

Vatankhah, Ali R. "Discussion of “Explicit Solution for Flow Depth in Open Channels of Trapezoidal Cross-Sectional Area: Classic Problem of Interest” by Mohamed Elhakeem." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 144, no. 5 (2018): 07018018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001292.

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34

Hoang Nam, Binh. "An approximate formula to calculate the critical depth in circular culvert." Transport and Communications Science Journal 71, no. 7 (2020): 840–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.71.7.9.

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Critical depth is a depth of flow where a specific energy section is at a minimum value with a flow rate. Critical depth is an essential parameter in computing gradually varied flow profiles in open channels and in designing culverts. If cross-sections are rectangular or triangular, the critical depth can be computed by the governing equation. However, for other geometries such as trapezoidal, circular, it is totally difficult to find a solution, because the governing equations are implicit. Therefore, the approximate solution could be determined by trial, numerical or graphical methods. These methods tend to take a long time to find an approximate solution, so a simple formula will be more convenient for consultant hydraulic design engineers. The existing formulas are simple, but the relative error between the approximate solutions and true values can reach 9% or greater. This article presents new explicit regression equations for the critical depth in a partially full circular culvert. The proposed formula is quite simple, and the relative maximum error is 3.03%. It would be very useful as a reference for design in conduit engineering
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35

Hoang Nam, Binh. "An approximate formula to calculate the critical depth in circular culvert." Transport and Communications Science Journal 71, no. 7 (2020): 840–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/tcsj.71.7.9.

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Critical depth is a depth of flow where a specific energy section is at a minimum value with a flow rate. Critical depth is an essential parameter in computing gradually varied flow profiles in open channels and in designing culverts. If cross-sections are rectangular or triangular, the critical depth can be computed by the governing equation. However, for other geometries such as trapezoidal, circular, it is totally difficult to find a solution, because the governing equations are implicit. Therefore, the approximate solution could be determined by trial, numerical or graphical methods. These methods tend to take a long time to find an approximate solution, so a simple formula will be more convenient for consultant hydraulic design engineers. The existing formulas are simple, but the relative error between the approximate solutions and true values can reach 9% or greater. This article presents new explicit regression equations for the critical depth in a partially full circular culvert. The proposed formula is quite simple, and the relative maximum error is 3.03%. It would be very useful as a reference for design in conduit engineering
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36

Nzokou, François, Brian Morse, Jean-Loup Robert, Martin Richard, and Edmond Tossou. "Numerical characteristics of a coupled river ice and hydrodynamic model." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 38, no. 4 (2011): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l11-009.

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Prediction of dam break surges using numerical tools has been the subject of tremendous research efforts in the past four decades. Powerful numerical tools that can model surge phenomena are readily available on the market. However, for winter conditions, when a river is covered by ice, it becomes difficult or even impossible to predict wave propagation dynamics using these traditional tools. It is therefore important to know what will happen should a dam break or an ice jam release in an ice-covered river. In this study, fully conservative form of the one-dimensional St. Venant equations are derived for water hydrodynamics in variable width trapezoidal channels having a stiff floating ice cover (that is not frozen to the river banks) in addition to the cover’s one-dimensional flexural response (as a beam on an elastic foundation) to incoming waves. A coupled numerical model (HYDROBEAM) using the Galerkin finite element method (FEM) is then developed. The coupling technique in the model uses an iterative computation process to find a simultaneous solution to both flow and ice cover models at each time step. The FEM schemes are evaluated by the simulation of progressive and regressive wave propagations and by the simulation of Stocker’s hypothetical dam break problem. For these simplified cases, analytical solutions exist and are used as references to evaluate the numerical attenuation of the model. The results of the hypothetical dam break simulations are in agreement with the theory. The effects of the spatial and temporal discretization on numerical attenuation of flow dynamics and ice cover peak stresses are evaluated and presented. When used within the recommended guidelines, HYDROBEAM’s performance is more than adequate to simulate (a) open channel flow, (b) rivers with passive (flexible) ice covers or (c) rivers with stiff ice covers that respond as a beam on an elastic foundation.
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37

Zeng, Yu-hong, Wen-xin Huai, and I. Guymer. "Transverse Mixing in a Trapezoidal Compound Open Channel." Journal of Hydrodynamics 20, no. 5 (2008): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058(08)60107-9.

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38

Achour, Bachir. "Computation of Normal Depth in Trapezoidal Open Channel Using the Rough Model Method." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3231.

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The recurring problem of calculating the normal depth in a trapezoidal open channel is easily solved by the rough model method. The Darcy-Weisbach relationship is applied to a referential rough model whose friction factor is arbitrarily chosen. This leads to establish the non-dimensional normal depth relationship in the rough model. Through a non-dimensional correction factor of linear dimension, the aspect ratio and therefore normal depth in the studied channel is deduced. Keywords: Rough model method, Trapezoidal channel, Normal depth, Turbulent flow, Discharge, Energy slope.
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39

Kabiri-Samani, Abdorreza, Fatemeh Farshi, and Mohammad R. Chamani. "Boundary Shear Stress in Smooth Trapezoidal Open Channel Flows." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 139, no. 2 (2013): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000658.

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40

Han, Yan-Cheng, Zheng-He Xu, Said M. Easa, Shuai Wang, and Lin Fu. "Optimal Hydraulic Section of Ice-Covered Open Trapezoidal Channel." Journal of Cold Regions Engineering 31, no. 3 (2017): 06017001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cr.1943-5495.0000128.

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41

Wang, Zhengzhong. "Formula for Calculating Critical Depth of Trapezoidal Open Channel." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 124, no. 1 (1998): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1998)124:1(90).

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42

Swamee, Prabhata K., S. Wu, and C. Katopodis. "Formula for Calculating Critical Depth of Trapezoidal Open Channel." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 125, no. 7 (1999): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1999)125:7(785.2).

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43

IMAMOTO, Hirotake, and Taisuke ISHIGAKI. "Experimental Study on Turbulence Structure in Trapezoidal Open Channel." PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPANESE CONFERENCE ON HYDRAULICS 33 (1989): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe1975.33.517.

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44

Easa, Said M., and Yan-Cheng Han. "New Compound Open Channel Section with Polynomial Sides: Improving Cost and Aesthetics." Water 11, no. 8 (2019): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081545.

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Previous research on compound trapezoidal cross sections has mainly focused on improving the prediction of the discharge (flow rate) because of its inherent challenges. This paper focuses on two other important aspects: Section shape and optimal construction cost. First, the paper proposes a new compound section with third-degree polynomial sides of main channel with horizontal bottom (HB) that allows its top corners to be smooth, called herein compound polynomial section. The special cases of this versatile section include the simple polynomial section, polygonal section, trapezoidal-rectangular section, two-segment linear-side section, and parabolic bottom-trapezoidal section. The simple polynomial section, which is the bank-full part of the compound polynomial section, can further produce parabolic (with or without HB), trapezoidal, rectangular, and triangular sections. Second, an optimization model that minimizes construction cost (excavation and lining) of the compound (or simple) polynomial section is developed. The model includes discharge and physical constraints. Theoretical and empirical methods of discharge prediction were used in the model. The results show that the simple polynomial section was more economical than the popular parabolic section by up to 8.6% when the side slopes were restricted. The new polynomial-based sections not only reduced construction cost, but also improved maintenance and aesthetics. As such, the new sections should be of interest to researchers and practitioners in hydraulic engineering.
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45

Roushangar, Kiyoumars, Mohammad Taghi Alami, Vahid Nourani, and Aida Nouri. "A cost model with several hydraulic constraints for optimizing in practice a trapezoidal cross section." Journal of Hydroinformatics 19, no. 3 (2017): 456–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2017.081.

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Open channel structures are essential to infrastructure networks and expensive to manufacture. Optimizing the design of channel structures can reduce the total cost of a channel's length, including costs of lining, earthwork, and water lost through seepage and evaporation. The present research aims to present various optimization models towards the design of trapezoidal channel cross section. First, a general resistance equation was applied as a constraint. Next, a genetic algorithm (GA) was used to determine the optimal geometry of a trapezoidal channel section based on several parameters, i.e., depth, bottom width, and side slope. Eight different models were proposed and evaluated with no other constraint besides financial cost as well as with a normal depth, flow velocity, Froude number, top width, and by ignoring the cost of seepage. Numerical outcomes obtained by the GA are compared to previous studies in order to determine the most efficient model. Results from a single application indicate that the restriction of depth, velocity, and Froude number can increase the total cost, while restriction of the top width can decrease the cost of the construction. Also, the solution for various example problems incorporating different discharge values and bed slopes caused increase and decrease in cost, respectively.
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46

Yang, Zhonghua, Fengpeng Bai, and Ke Xiang. "A lattice Boltzmann model for the open channel flows described by the Saint-Venant equations." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 11 (2019): 190439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190439.

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A new lattice Boltzmann method to simulate open channel flows with complex geometry described by a conservative form of Saint-Venant equations is developed. The Saint-Venant equations include an original treatment of the momentum equation source term. Concrete hydrostatic pressure thrust expressions are provided for rectangular, trapezoidal and irregular cross-section shapes. A D1Q3 lattice arrangement is adopted. External forces, such as bed friction and the static term, are discretized with a centred scheme. Bounce back and imposed boundary conditions are considered. To verify the proposed model, four cases are carried out: tidal flow over a regular bed in a rectangular cross-section, steady flow in a channel with horizontal and vertical contractions, steady flow over a bump in a trapezoidal channel and steady flow in a non-prismatic channel with friction. Results indicate that the proposed scheme is simple and can provide accurate predictions for open channel flows.
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47

Choi, Sung-Uk, and Younghoon Joung. "Numerical prediction of morphological change of straight trapezoidal open-channel." Journal of Hydro-environment Research 6, no. 2 (2012): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2012.01.003.

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48

Mo, Tengfei, and Zongke Lou. "Numerical Simulation of Frost Heave of Concrete Lining Trapezoidal Channel Under an Open System." Water 12, no. 2 (2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020335.

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To study the distribution law of frost heave in base soil with a concrete lining structure and compound geomembrane, the coupled heat–moisture–stress, capillary action, and membrane water migration were considered, and multi-field coupling software was used to simulate the frost heaving of the channel. A 67-day frost heaving process of the foundation soil considering the change of groundwater level around a channel was also considered. The displacement fields at different positions on the base soil were obtained. The results showed that the frost heave was the largest at about one-third of the slope from the bottom of the channel, and the maximum is 8.243 cm. A compound geomembrane on the lower side of the lining can reduce the frost heaving of the foundation soil to some extent, and the maximum normal displacements of the lining along the slope and at the top of the channel decreased by 14.3% and 15.5% after adding the compound geomembrane.
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49

Wei, Yang, Zhao Zhenbo, and Shi Yannan. "Silting thickness analysis of regular desilting in rectangular and trapezoidal channel." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124801035.

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Silting in river is a dynamic process, so it needs to regular desilting. At present, underwater siltation monitoring is still in its early days and based on experience. This paper puts forward the criterion of discrimination, in which the flood discharge section is decreased by 20%. It used the method of steady uniform flow in open rectangular and trapezoidal channel for calculation. The results show that reference values of dredging thickness in different section forms were determined. Siltation thicknesses of rectangular channel are linearly related to water depth. And the reduction rate of trapezoidal channel has a quadratic function relation with silting thicknesses. They were proportional to channel width and their rates trended to mitigation when the bottom width and flood depth were constant. In addition, the reference value of dredging thickness should be determined by combining with the bottom width, surface width, water depth and other actual situation.
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50

Irvan, Irvan, Christo Manurung, Netti Herlina, and Joni Mulyadi. "Planning for Distribution of Water and Drainage in The Medan Ressort City Housing Area." Simetrikal: Journal of Engineering and Technology 1, no. 1 (2019): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jet.v1i1.687.

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The expansion of the settlement resulted in the need for clean water is increasing and will also produce much greater wastewater. The wastewater produced by household has no economic value and less well if directly dumped into a body of water such as the drainage and river as it can affect the water quality in the area. The wastewater and drainage were managed properly will create a clean and healthy environment. Medan Resort City will plan the distribution of the waste water in-offsite processing collected at one place in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In the plan, there are drainage channels open to the flow of rain water and domestic wastewater stream with the channel closed in gravity. The value of peak discharge runoff rain drainage 2.1193 m3/s was obtained by using the rational formula. The form used is the channel-shaped trapezoid with depth variations ranging from 0.43-1.15 meters. For domestic wastewater was channeled to the WWTP pipes with a diameter of 100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm and a total discharge the wastewater that flowed to the WWTP of 31.6476 L/s. The pipe used is a special pipe wastewater with SNI no.06-0162-1987
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