Academic literature on the topic 'Trapping Capacities'
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Journal articles on the topic "Trapping Capacities"
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Xia, Zhigang, Qinsheng Guo, Wenxiang Ye, Jun Chen, Shengli Feng, and Cailing Ding. "Comparative study of fiber trapping by filaments in conventional and diagonal sirofil systems." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 14 (April 7, 2017): 1581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517703606.
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In this study, geometrical and theoretical analyses were conducted comparatively for fiber trappings by filaments in the left diagonal, conventional and right diagonal sirofil with right strand and left filament arrangement (denoted as LDS-RS-LF, CS-RS-LF and RDS-RS-LF, respectively)and left diagonal, conventional and right diagonal sirofil with right filament and left strand arrangement (LDS-RF-LS, CS-RF-LS and RDS-RF-LS, respectively). White filaments and blue rovings were used to produce conventional and diagonal sirofil yarns to validate the analysis. Online and offline fiber trapping capacity comparisons indicated that CS-RS-LF and CS-RF-LS had higher capacities of trapping fibers than LDS-RS-LF and RDS-RF-LS, respectively, and lower capacities than RDS-RS-LF and LDS-RF-LS, respectively. Yarn appearance and tensile properties results revealed that diagonal sirofils with improved fiber trappings increased yarn hairiness and tensile properties, while the ones with deteriorated fiber trappings decreased yarn hairiness and tensile properties. Sirofil yarn unevenness CVm decreased as the fiber trapping enhanced by RDS-RS-LF and LDS-RF-LS and increased as the fiber trapping weakened by LDS-RS -LF and RDS-RF-LS. This corresponded well to our theoretical hypotheses on fiber trappings by filaments in conventional and diagonal sirofil systems.
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Takaya, Chibi A., Kiran R. Parmar, Louise A. Fletcher, and Andrew B. Ross. "Biomass-Derived Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Trapping Ammonia." Agriculture 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9010016.
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The preparation of low-cost carbonaceous adsorbents for nitrogen recovery is of interest from agricultural and waste management perspectives. In this study, the gaseous ammonia (NH3) and aqueous ammonium (NH4+) sorption capacities have been measured for different types of carbonaceous chars produced under different conditions. The study includes a comparison of an oak-based hydrochar produced from hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) at 250 °C with two biochars produced from slow pyrolysis at 450 °C and 650 °C, respectively. The chars were also chemically modified with H2SO4, H3PO4, H2O2, and KOH to investigate the potential for sorption enhancement. The highest sorption capacities for NH3 were observed for the hydrochars with typical uptake capacities ranging from 18–28 mg g−1 NH3. Sorption capacity for oak biochars is significantly lower and ranges from 4–8 mg g−1 for biochars produced at 450 °C and 650 °C, respectively. Hydrochar showed a substantially higher sorption capacity for NH3 despite its lower surface area. The CaCl2 extractable NH4+ following ammonia adsorption is incomplete. Typically, only 30–40% of the N is released upon washing with CaCl2 in form of NH4+. Post chemical modification of the chars resulted in only limited enhancement of char NH3 and NH4+ sorption. H3PO4 treatment showed the greatest potential for increasing NH3/NH4+ sorption in biochars, while KOH and H2O2 treatment increased NH3 sorption in the hydrochar. As only marginal increases to char surface area were observed following char treatment, these findings suggest that char surface functionality is more influential than surface area in terms of char NH3/NH4+ sorption.
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Khudaida, Kamal Jawher, and Diganta Bhusan Das. "A Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Supercritical CO2 Injection on CO2 Storage Capacities of Geological Formations." Clean Technologies 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 333–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2030021.
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One of the most promising means of reducing carbon content in the atmosphere, which is aimed at tackling the threats of global warming, is injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into deep saline aquifers (DSAs). Keeping this in mind, this research aims to investigate the effects of various injection schemes/scenarios and aquifer characteristics with a particular view to enhance the current understanding of the key permanent sequestration mechanisms, namely, residual and solubility trapping of CO2. The paper also aims to study the influence of different injection scenarios and flow conditions on the CO2 storage capacity and efficiency of DSAs. Furthermore, a specific term of the permanent capacity and efficiency factor of CO2 immobilization in sedimentary formations is introduced to help facilitate the above analysis. Analyses for the effects of various injection schemes/scenarios and aquifer characteristics on enhancing the key permanent sequestration mechanisms is examined through a series of numerical simulations employed on 3D homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifers based on the geological settings for Sleipner Vest Field, which is located in the Norwegian part of the North Sea. The simulation results highlight the effects of heterogeneity, permeability isotropy, injection orientation and methodology, and domain-grid refinement on the capillary pressure–saturation relationships and the amounts of integrated CO2 throughout the timeline of the simulation via different trapping mechanisms (solubility, residual and structural) and accordingly affect the efficiency of CO2 sequestration. The results have shown that heterogeneity increases the residual trapping of CO2, while homogeneous formations promote more CO2 dissolution because fluid flows faster in homogeneous porous media, inducing more contact with fresh brine, leading to higher dissolution rates of CO2 compared to those in heterogeneous porous medium, which limits fluid seepage. Cyclic injection has been shown to have more influence on heterogenous domains as it increases the capillary pressure, which forces more CO2 into smaller-sized pores to be trapped and exposed to dissolution in the brine at later stages of storage. Storage efficiency increases proportionally with the vertical-to-horizontal permeability ratio of geological formations because higher ratios facilitate the further extent of the gas plume and increases the solubility trapping of the integrated gas. The developed methodology and the presented results are expected to play key roles in providing further insights for assessing the feasibility of various geological formations for CO2 storage.
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HUANG, Lin, Xu CHEN, Lian-Zhong LUO, Qing LIN, and He-Qing HUANG. "Trapping Capacities, Stability and Interaction Intensity of Subunits from Bacterial Ferritin of Azotobacter Vinelandii." Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry 36, no. 8 (August 2008): 1045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60057-2.
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Eckard, Phyllis R., and Larry T. Taylor. "Trapping capacities of three solid phases for supercritical fluid extraction with pure carbon dioxide." Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 19, no. 2 (February 1996): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240190211.
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Sang, Shengmin, and Yingdong Zhu. "The Microbial Biotransformation of Soy Genistein Significantly Enhances Its Trapping Capacities of Reactive Carbonyl Metabolites." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_100.
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Abstract Objectives Carbonyl stress is the abnormal accumulation of carbonyl metabolites, such as methylglyoxal (MGO) and acrolein (ACR) that leads to increased modification of protein, lipids and DNA, and contributes to cell and tissue dysfunction resulting in aging and diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Carbonyl stress is caused by an imbalance in the formation and metabolism of carbonyl metabolites and also by increased exposure to exogenous carbonyl species. In vitro studies have shown that dietary flavonoids have the capacities to detoxify reactive carbonyl metabolites. However, whether flavonoids can trap carbonyl metabolites in vivo and whether biotransformation especially microbial metabolism limits the trapping capacities of flavonoids remain virtually unknown. The objective of this study is to use soy genistein as an example to test the impacts of bioavailability and biotransformation on the in vivo trapping capacities of RCS by genistein. Methods Chemically, we synthesized the MGO and ACR conjugates of genistein as authentic standards. In mice, we oral gavaged 200 mg/kg genistein or vehicle to mice. Urine and feces were collected in metabolic cages for 24 h. The urine samples from genistein treated mice were also used to prepare the RCS conjugates of genistein metabolites. Using LC tandem mass and the high-resolution accurate mass, we searched and identified the formation of genistein metabolites and their corresponding RCS conjugates. The RCS conjugates of genistein and its metabolites were also quantified using the synthetic standards. Results We found that 1) absorbed genistein trapped endogenous MGO and ACR by forming mono-RCS adducts and eventually be excreted into mouse urine; 2) absorbed genistein could produce active phase I metabolite, orobol, to scavenge endogenous MGO and ACR; and 3) considerable amounts of microbial metabolites of genistein displayed enhanced anti-RCS capacity both in the body and in the gut, compared to genistein. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that in vivo anti-RCS ability of dietary polyphenols cannot be reflected solely based on their in vitro ability. The bioavailability and biotransformation of individual polyphenols especially gut microbiome contribute to in vivo anti-RCS ability of dietary polyphenols. Funding Sources N/A.
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Abdullahi, G., R. Muhamad, O. Dzolkhifli, and U. R. Sinniah. "Efficiency of cardboard solar heater boxes for disinfestations of stored grains against arthropod pest." Agricultural Science and Technology 11, no. 3 (September 2019): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2019.03.043.
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Abstract. The solar heater box is a modest technology that enables easy collection and retention of solar radiation as heat at levels lethal to stored product arthropod pest inside the box. This study was designed to construct solar heater boxes of appreciable capacities to hold large quantities of grains, assess their heat-trapping efficiency and the influence of beans quantity and exposure time on same. Solar heater boxes of five different sizes were constructed for this study. Their heat-trapping capacity was evaluated by exposure to the sunlight for 5h. The influence of bean quantity and exposure on heat capture capabilities of the best performing solar heater box was evaluated using five different quantities of cocoa beans (9, 12, 15, 18 and 21kg) for 2h of exposure period. The result for heat trapping capacity shows that the largest solar heater box trapped the highest mean between and within bean temperatures (69.38±4.97 and 69.45±3.97C, respectively) in 5h of exposure time. The result of the experiment on the effect of bean quantity and exposure time on heat-trapping efficiency show the highest temperature was obtained at 120min exposure time using 9kg of cocoa beans for both between and within bean temperature (70.00±0.73 and 71.23±0.85oC, respectively). The implications of these findings in applying this technology for stored product arthropods pest management on durable commodities were discussed.
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Huang, Wei Ya, Jun Yang, and Yuan Ming Zhang. "One-Pot Synthesis of Mesoporous MCM-41 with Different Functionalization Levels and their Adsorption Abilities to Phosphate." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1969–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1969.
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Ethylenediamine (EDA) functionalized mesoporous MCM-41 particles displaying various functionalization levels have been prepared by one-pot method. The prepared samples were treated with Fe(III) to form cationic complexes inside MCM-41 pores (MCM-41-NN-Fe-x%, x=10, 20 and 30) for trapping phosphate from water. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by XRD, BET, TGA and elemental analysis, and their phosphate adsorption performances were studied. The results showed that the phosphate removal rate of all the prepared adsorbents were higher than 95% at the initial phosphate concentration of 2 ppm. Additionally, the Langmuir model was used to simulate the sorption equilibrium, and the results indicated that the experiment data agreed well with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir model increased with the increase of diamino loadings in adsorbents, and the maximum adsorption capacities of MCM-41-NN-Fe-30% was 52.5 mg/g.
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Blümel, Reinhold. "Loading a Paul Trap: Densities, Capacities, and Scaling in the Saturation Regime." Atoms 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9010011.
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Providing ideal conditions for the study of ion-neutral collisions, we investigate here the properties of the saturated, steady state of a three-dimensional Paul trap, loaded from a magneto-optic trap. In particular, we study three assumptions that are sometimes made under saturated, steady-state conditions: (i) The pseudopotential provides a good approximation for the number, Ns, of ions in the saturation regime, (ii) the maximum of Ns occurs at a loading rate of approximately 1 ion per rf cycle, and (iii) the ion density is approximately constant. We find that none of these assumptions are generally valid. However, based on detailed classical molecular dynamics simulations, and as a function of loading rate and trap control parameter, we show where to find convenient dynamical regimes for ion-neutral collision experiments, or how to rescale to the pseudo-potential predictions. We also investigate the fate of the electrons generated during the loading process and present a new heating mechanism, insertion heating, that in some regimes of trapping and loading may rival and even exceed the rf-heating power of the trap.
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Mu, Jianglong, Hui Miao, Enzhou Liu, Juan Feng, Feng Teng, Dekai Zhang, Yumeng Kou, Yanping Jin, Jun Fan, and Xiaoyun Hu. "Enhanced light trapping and high charge transmission capacities of novel structures for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting." Nanoscale 10, no. 25 (2018): 11881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr03040e.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Trapping Capacities"
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Chebbi, Mouheb. "Piégeage d’espèces iodées volatiles sur des adsorbants poreux de type zéolithique dans le contexte d’un accident nucléaire grave." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0340/document.
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L’accident de Fukushima a montré que sous certaines conditions, un accident de fusion du cœur (jugé hautement improbable) peut survenir et engendrer des conséquences dramatiques en termes de rejets de produits radioactifs dans l’environnement. La mise en place d’adsorbants poreux type zéolithe dans les filtres d’éventage constitue une solution prometteuse afin de limiter la dissémination de produits radioactifs notamment les espèces iodées volatiles, vers l’environnement. Dans cette étude, nous avons cherché à évaluer dans quelle mesure les propriétés structurales et chimiques d’adsorbants poreux essentiellement des zéolithes à l’argent, pouvaient affecter leurs performances vis-à-vis de la rétention d’I2 et de CH3I. Dans ce but, nous avons mis en relation les données issues de la caractérisation des différentes formulations zéolithiques (DRX, ATR/IR, DRIFTS du CO adsorbé, MEB, MET, et DR-UV-Vis) avec les données recueillies lors des tests dynamiques d’adsorption en phase gazeuse (capacités d’adsorption, facteurs de décontamination, stabilité thermique du piégeage). Ensuite, le comportement des zéolithes dans des conditions plus représentatives d’un accident grave (hautes températures, présence d’inhibiteurs, irradiation…) a été étudié pour les adsorbants les plus intéressants. Nous avons également cherché à mieux élucider les mécanismes de piégeage en utilisant à la fois une approche expérimentale (spectroscopie in situ) et théorique (DFT). D’une manière générale, nous avons trouvé que les capacités d’adsorption pour CH3I dépendent surtout de la quantité des sites argent présents à l’état dispersé dans la charpente sous forme de cations Ag+ et de petits clusters, mais également de paramètres structuraux tels que la taille des pores. D’autre part, une méthodologie particulière a été développée afin de quantifier les différentes formes piégées et ainsi de mieux comprendre l’effet des paramètres structuraux sur la stabilité thermique du piégeage, notamment sous forme de précipités AgI. Il a été montré que la stabilité du piégeage est fortement influencée par le taux d’échange et par la nature de la structure zéolithique. La combinaison des techniques spectroscopiques in situ infrarouges et UV-Vis a été également utilisée dans le but d’élucider le mécanisme de piégeage de CH3I par les zéolithes à l’argent. D’une part, la réactivité des espèces d’argent ainsi que leur transformation en AgI a été suivie par DR-UV-Vis. D’autre part, les schémas réactionnels mettant en jeu la partie carbonée ont été établis en utilisant la spectroscopie IR à la fois en phase adsorbée (DRIFTS) et en phase gazeuse (FTIR). La formation des précipités AgI est initiée à 100°C par la dissociation de CH3I (partielle à cette température) sur les sites acides de Brönsted de la zéolithe et les sites argent. Ensuite, des espèces moléculaires AgI puis des clusters (AgI)n sont formés dans les supercages de la structure faujasite. En présence d’humidité ou à des températures plus élevées, certains précipités AgI peuvent former des entités plus larges sur la surface externe (phase AgI détectée en DRX après test). D’autre part, la décomposition thermique et catalytique des espèces méthoxy donne lieu à la formation de nombreux sous-produits (MeOH, MeOMe, alcanes, alcènes…). Parmi tous les adsorbants testés, les zéolithes échangées Ag/Y ont affiché les meilleures performances de rétention. Des résultats encourageants en présence d’inhibiteurs, sous irradiation et aux faibles concentrations ont été également obtenus pour les zéolithes faujasites argentées (type Y). L’ensemble des résultats obtenus permet d’envisager l’utilisation de certaines formulations dans une application nucléaire type accident grave, mais également de développer de nouvelles connaissances notamment en ce qui concerne d’autres nouveaux adsorbants (Metal Organic Framework MOF et silices mésoporeuses argentées ou fonctionnalisées)A severe nuclear accident (as Fukushima) may induce dramatic consequences in terms of radiological releases into the environment. The combination of current filtration devices (such as aqueous scrubbers and sand bed filters) with an additional filtration stage made of inorganic porous adsorbent (zeolite) constitute a promising solution in order to avoid the release of radioactive iodine species. The present study aims to establish some correlations between chemical and structural parameters of porous adsorbents mainly silver-zeolites, on the one hand, and adsorption properties towards I2 and CH3I on the other hand. The role played by various zeolitic parameters was assessed by combining adsorption data in gaseous phase (adsorption capacity, decontamination factors, trapping stability) together with physico-chemical data obtained from characterization studies (XRD, ATR/IR, DRIFTS of adsorbed CO, SEM, TEM and DR-UV-Vis). Then, the effect of adsorption temperatures, potential inhibitors and irradiation was also discussed for the most interesting adsorbents in order to extrapolate to severe accidental conditions. The trapping mechanism was also investigated using in-situ spectroscopic accessories as well as theoretical calculations by DFT. It was shown that CH3I adsorption capacities are mainly dependent on the amount of silver that could be deposited in dispersed form (as Ag+, and small clusters) within the internal framework, as well as structural parameters such as pore size. On the other hand, a specific methodology was applied in order to quantify the different forms of stored iodine and therefore to better assess the influence of structural parameters on the trapping thermal stability. It was found that the trapping stability is mainly dependent on silver exchange level and on the nature of zeolitic structure. For the first time, the combination of several spectroscopic techniques was also implemented. On the one hand, in situ Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis Spectroscopy (DRS-UV-Vis) was employed in order to monitor the evolution of silver species during exposure to gaseous methyl iodide. On the other hand, the time- and temperature-evolution of organic species was investigated using in situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transformed Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) combined with gas-phase reactor measurements. The first step is the dissociation of some CH3I molecules, which is catalyzed by the acidic and silver sites of the zeolite. The dissociated I is then captured by silver to form molecular and clustered AgI entities within the zeolite supercages, which can coalesce and sinter on the external surface upon prolonged exposure to humidity to form silver iodide precipitates (detected by XRD). On the other hand, the carbonaceous part of the CH3I molecules undergo successive catalytic transformations at medium temperatures with zeolite active sites, to yield different by-products (MeOH, DME, higher alkanes, alkenes…). Among all the investigated sorbents for iodine species retention, Ag/Y zeolites have displayed the best retention performances. Promising results were also found in the presence of inhibitors, under irradiation and for low concentrations. The obtained results allow to consider using some of the tested formulations for a nuclear severe accident application, but also to give insights about the behavior of other new adsorbents (Metal Organic Framework MOF and silver-impregnated or functionalized mesoporous silica)
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Ali, Mujahid. "Influence of organic matter on CO2 and H2 wettability of petroleum reservoirs." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2023. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2617.
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Carbon geo sequestration (CGS) is considered one of the promising approaches to reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions into the environment. Furthermore, Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) has been also identified as a viable solution to effectively stored hydrogen in geological formations. The underground storage of hydrogen (UHS) project has the potential to overcome the supply and demand imbalance by a subsequent withdrawal during periods of renewable energy shortage. Depleted petroleum reservoirs and deep saline aquifers are considered favorable candidates for long-term H2 and CO2 storage. H2 and CO2 become trapped in the reservoir by various physical and chemical mechanisms, and these mechanisms mainly include residual trapping and structural trapping, dissolution, and mineralization trapping. The wettability of rock minerals for storage gas in the presence of brine is a significant physicochemical factor that largely affects the trapping mechanism.
The reservoir formations naturally contain small concentrations of water-soluble organic components in particular humic acid (HA). These organic components in formations also assist the growth of various natural organotrophic microorganisms. While the earlier investigations suggest the impact of organic matter and microorganisms on wetting behaviour for enhanced oil recovery applications, we here argue that these organic matter and microorganisms have a significant effect on the CO2 and H2 wettability of the subsurface formations as well. Therefore, we prepared organic acid and bacteria-treated surfaces, and the effects of these treated surfaces on the H2 and CO2 wettability of subsurface reservoirs were evaluated via advancing and receding contact angle measurements, streaming zeta potential, and NMR techniques, at various organic acid concentrations, high pressures (up to 25 MPa), elevated temperatures (up to 333 K) and brine salinity (up to 0.3 M NaCl), that simulate the subsurface reservoir conditions. The surface characterizations were examined by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopy imaging while other characterization tools (e.g. TOC, EDX, and FTIR) were also implemented to gain a broader insight into the observed wetting behaviour.
Our results demonstrate that water-soluble organic acid concentration significantly changes rock wettability from water-wet (0-50o) towards CO2-wet (90-110o). Furthermore, a strong correlation exists between surface adsorption of organic acid and streaming potential coefficient, where the amount of residual water saturation decreases in organic acid aged cores – suggesting the presence of organic acid changes wettability towards CO2 wet in pores. The low organic content WA basalt was initially water-wet but with increasing pressure, it was also converted into a completely CO2-wet at pressures exceeding 15 MPa and 323 K. The results of bacteria-treated quartz surfaces suggest that (1) bacterial growth is prominent on the quartz surfaces with organic matter and, (2) the originally hydrophilic surfaces tend to become less hydrophilic while the hydrophobic surfaces turn less hydrophobic in the presence of microorganisms. The results of this investigation provide a fundamental understanding of H2 and CO2 wettability alteration in the subsurface microbial environment along with organic acid, thus, having implications for de-risk the large-scale carbon geo-sequestration (CGS) and underground hydrogen storage (UHS) projects.
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Essen, M. C. "Capacitive MEMS-based sensors thermo-mechanical stability and charge trapping /." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2009. http://doc.utwente.nl/60461.
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Belkadi, Nesrine. "Nouveaux MEMS C-BAR : résonateurs capacitifs à ondes élastiques de volume piégées sur substrat Silicium." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2088.
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Ces travaux de thèse décrivent l’étude et la réalisation de résonateurs MEMS (Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems) acoustiques à couplage capacitif dits C-BAR (Capacitive Bulk Acoustic Resonator). Les C-BAR exploitent les modes d’extension-compression d’épaisseur en mode fondamental à 9, 45MHz. L’élément vibrant est constitué de Si-monocristallin purement résistif et d’orientation (100). Notre but consiste à transposer au monde des MEMS a` excitation capacitive les caractéristiques de stabilité des résonateurs piézoélectriques BAW utilisés dans les sources de fréquences embarquées. Notre stratégie de développement s’est fondée sur l’exploitation de deux concepts originaux dans les domaines respectifs électrique et acoustique : l’intérêt immédiat des résonateurs MEMS-Si capacitifs tient à la disponibilité du matériau, au faible coût unitaire, à la produire à grande échelle, ainsi qu’à la robustesse. A plus longue échéance, cet intérêt tient au potentiel d’intégration avec l’électronique de commande ; Cette recherche est motivée par la nécessité d’éliminer les pertes structurelles dans les résonateurs MEMS. Grâce à l’étude de la dispersion acoustique des ondes élastiques guidées dans une plaque de Si, nous avons pu contrôler les bandes d’arrêt par modification locale des caractéristiques de la propagation afin de confiner l’énergie acoustique au centre du résonateur. Une première partie de ces travaux est consacrée à la modélisation du C-BAR. Grâce à des simulations FEM appuyées sur des calculs analytiques, nous avons défini les limites imposées aux paramètres constructifs pour l’obtention de performances satisfaisantes pour les applications visées. Nous avons notamment quantifié le nécessaire compromis entre les quantités antagonistes constituées par le k2, limité par la rigidité statique de la plaque, et le Q, limité par les constantes de dispersion des modes exploités et le facteur d’aspect de la plaque. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la micro-fabrication du C-BAR exploitant les micro techniques disponibles au sein de la Centrale MIMENTOThis PhD work describes the study and realization of capacitive Bulk Acoustic Waves MEMS resonators (C-BAR) exploiting the thicknessextensional vibration modes at 9, 45MHz of a mono-crystalline silicon plate (100). The aim of this research consists in translated to the domain of capacitive MEMS the good performances of BAW resonators for embedded frequency sources. The proposed work proposes new resonant structures bearing some originality from electric and acoustic viewpoints : capacitive full Si-MEMS have some immediate interest in the field of material availability, low cost per item, volume production and robustness, notwithstanding their know ability for electronic integration ; This research was motivated by the need to eliminate structural losses to reach the limits imposed by the material itself. With help of a study of dispersion curves, we managed a control of acoustic confinement by means of a local patterning of the surface of the vibrating element. By a proper mastering of the stop band of guided elastic waves in the structure, we can overcome the intrinsic limitations of structural MEMS. The first lock of this work is dedicated to the modeling of the C-BARs. It uses a combination of analytic and FEA calculations to frame the actual design of the resonators. This permits us to determine the limits imposed to the performances of such structures. This part especially points out the contradictory requirements of the C-BARs in terms of electromechanical coupling factor and of surtension coefficient. The second lock describes the issues of the micro-fabrication of the C-BARs at MIMENTO clean room facility
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Murray, Franck. "Developpement des methodes de spectroscopie capacitive et applications a la caracterisation de defauts d'interface et de volume dans les semiconducteurs." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN2013.
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Conditions d'utilisation de spectrometrie transitoire de niveau profond classique et optique. Cas des etats d'interface isolant-semiconducteur, effet de la densite. Etude des structures mis et mos. Dans le cas de defauts d'irradiaiton par les ions lourds de forte energie dans le silicium, trois pieges a porteurs majoritaires et six pieges a porteurs minoritaires ont ete identifies par spectrometrie transitoire de niveau profond normale et optique
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Bensouda, Maria. "Propriétés physicochimiques et électriques du nitrure de silicium hydrogéné préparé par décomoposition plasma." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10038.
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Preparation de couches amorphes, de compositions differentes, par depot chimique en phase vapeur a 185c, assistee par un plasma a 50 khz. Caracterisation par spectrometrie en ir, visible et proche uv, photodeflexion thermique, rpe, mesures de capacite et de conductance en fonction de la tension, et mesures de conductivite en courant continu en champ faible. Informations sur la physicochimie, la structure electronique et des defauts structuraux responsables des effets de piegeage
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Lovadi, Irwan. "Nitrogen economies and trapping capacities of Australian tropical Drosera." Thesis, 2020. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/75672/1/JCU_75672_Lovadi_2020_thesis.pdf.
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Irwan Lovadi studied four species of Australian tropical Drosera. His study found that Drosera with a higher ability to catch prey by means of sticky traps exhibited a significant biomass of captured prey and a higher nitrogen (N) uptake. The findings expand knowledge on variations in N uptake among Drosera.
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Chen, Guan-Syun, and 陳冠勳. "Memory Characteristics of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structured Nonvolatile Memory Capacitors with Terbium Oxides as Charge Trapping Layers." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z7b669.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
光電與材料科技研究所
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Memory characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structured nonvolatile memory capacitors with terbium oxides (Tb4O7) as charge trapping layers were demonstrated in this work. First, the memory characteristic of MOS structured nonvolatile memory capacitors with various tunneling oxide were demonstrated. Then, the SiO2/Tb4O7/SiO2 stacked films in MOS structured nonvolatile memory capacitors with various gas ambient treated Tb4O7 as charge trapping layers were proposed. Various gas ambient treatments include oxygen and nitrogen. Furthermore, the MOS structured nonvolatile memory capacitors with Tb4O7 charge trapping layers and various blocking oxide thicknesses were also investigated. Finally, the effects of various Pt-doped Tb4O7 as charge trapping layers of MOS structured nonvolatile memory capacitors were presented. The results suggest that the memory effect is mainly due to the holes trapping. Compared with oxygen treatment, larger memory window can be achieved by incorporated more nitrogen into Tb4O7 dielectric. Furthermore, the better properties, including programming time, erasing time, and endurance, were presented by more nitrogen treated Tb4O7 dielectric as charge trapping layers. The programming time of 10-6 s for the sample with 20 nm of blocking oxide can be achieved. On the contrary, it should be 10 and 1 s for the other samples. The endurance of 1000 times for sample with the 20 nm of blocking oxide sample is better than that of the other samples. By tuning Pt-doped Tb4O7, the excellent memory characteristics, including the hysteresis, and the programming/erasing time, were be demonstrated. Compared with the sample without Pt-doped Tb4O7 dielectronics, there is a larger shift of 6.6 V for the sample with the sputtering time of 50 s. Moreover, the retension of 4000 s and the redurance of 1000 s were also be demonstrated for the sample with the sputtering time of 50 s.
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Cheng, Chia-Hsiang, and 鄭嘉祥. "Memory Characteristics of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structured Nonvolatile Memory Capacitors with Dysprosium Oxides as Charge Trapping Layers." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68qkpk.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
光電與材料科技研究所
101
Characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structured nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices with various dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) dielectrics as charge trapping nodes have been presented in this study. The memory characteristics include hysteresis, programming/erasing time, endurance, and retention. First, various tunneling oxides were formed by tuning various rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperatures. Then, the effects of post-deposition annealing (PDA) on Dy2O3 charge trapping layer of MOS structured NVM were investigated. Furthermore, characteristics of MOS structured NVM devices with various stacked SiO2/Dy2O3 dielectrics as blocking oxide/charge trapping nodes have been also presented. Finally, the effects of Pt-doped Dy2O3 dielectrics as charge trapping layers on characteristics of MOS structured NVM devices were demonstrated. The results suggest that the better programming time can be demonstrated for the capacitor with the SiO2 tunneling oxide annealing at 900 ℃ and the Dy2O3 trapping layer treated at 750 ℃. Then, capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements estimate that the memory window of 3.24 V was achieved during the C-V hysteresis sweep at ?19 V. The hysteresis characteristics measurements illustrate that the memory is mainly due to holes trapping. The larger memory window and the better erasing characteristic as well as the better programming characteristic, attributable to the thicker trapping layer (Dy2O3 dielectrics) and the thinner blocking oxide layer (SiO2). Thus, the stacked SiO2/Dy2O3 dielectric of 20/15 nm was demonstrated for MOS nonvolatile memory device applications. Moreover, a larger hysteresis shift of 11.48 V sweep at ±19 V, a faster programming time, and a lower operated voltage can be achieved by the Pt-doped Dy2O3 ¬trapping layer under the sputtering time of 30 s.
Book chapters on the topic "Trapping Capacities"
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Kopanski, J. J., and R. E. Avila. "Charge Trapping in Cubic Silicon Carbide MIS Capacitors." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 119–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84402-7_18.
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Haroutounian, Joanne. "The Spark: Underpinnings of Musical Talent." In Kindling the Spark. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195129489.003.0017.
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The musical spark that I have discussed in theoretical terms, sought through research, and personally reflected on now requires simple definition. What are the basic underpinnings of musical talent that we can recognize, “kindle,” and develop? If we take away the technical intricacies of musical training, a set of talent criteria emerge that describe how one musically “knows” and the behaviors that develop this musical “knowing.” These musical underpinnings are the ability to be keenly aware of sounds, to inwardly sense and manipulate these sounds, and to communicate them to others through personal interpretation. These are the simple basics, from kindergarten to the Van Cliburn Competition. Take away the technical trappings, and there you have it. This chapter puts ideas gathered from earlier chapters into a simplified musical talent framework that can be used as a cohesive reference for musical talent identification. Each criterion is explained, with talent indicators and procedures to trigger this recognition. The criteria that describe the basic underpinning of musical talent consist of: • Musical awareness and discrimination perceptual awareness of sound rhythmic sense sense of pitch • Creative Interpretation metaperception • Dynamic of performance • Motivation and commitment To support active use of this chapter as a way to recognize musical talent, Sparkler Activities that highlight each talent criterion are offered throughout the chapter. Asterisks (*) indicate key talent behaviors, and there are follow-up activities to expand opportunities for identification. Musical “knowing” begins with the ability to listen. Musical awareness describes the perceptive sensitivity to sounds. Musical discrimination is the sensing of differences in sounds. These inherent sensory capacities are described as music aptitude by music psychologists and music intelligence by cognitive developmental psychologists. The capacity to sense musical components of rhythm, loudness, pitch, and the tonal quality of sounds may be psychometrically measured through the administration of a music aptitude test. These capacities can also be assessed through activities that focus on aural perception, rhythmic movement, and tonal memory of melodies or songs. Musical awareness and discrimination consists of three basic sensory components—the perceptual awareness of sound, a rhythmic sense, and a sense of pitch.
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Haroutounian, Joanne. "Talent as Performance." In Kindling the Spark. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195129489.003.0010.
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The lovely student pianist was bowing graciously to an appreciative audience of music teachers from across the country. She was the junior high winner of a national competition, and her exquisite playing and careful training was apparent. Her performance was no surprise. It was polished and well prepared. As we rustled our programs, searching for the next performer’s name, the junior high cellist awkwardly stepped on stage, tried to adjust the chair and struggled with an endpin that seemed to enjoy sliding rather than sticking to the floor. After a few uncomfortable moments, she nodded to her accompanist and began to play. This performance was a captivating surprise. From the first notes, the audience was caught up in the enthusiasm, excitement, and connection she made with her cello and the music. As she finished, with a flourished release of the bow, the audience spontaneously rose to its feet, shouting “Bravo.” This young teenager, with the simple cotton dress and awkward entrance, stood transfixed. She looked around at her fellow competition winners to see them on their feet as well. She turned, bowed slightly, and gave a shy smile of appreciation. A musician communicates through performance. The recognition of musical talent through performance makes common sense to anyone who is a musician or teacher of musicians. Music aptitude may measure musical potential, but musical talent is realized through performance. We hear it. Musical talent blends the inborn perceptive capacities of the individual with the physical ability to perform with personal interpretation. Quite simply, a musician or music teacher believes that you can determine talent if you just listen to the student play. In fact, the assessment of musical talent by listening to a performance isn’t quite that simple. It poses a number of problems because of its inherently subjective nature. Performance is a process as well as a product. It is phenomenological. The opening performance of the young cellist was captivating. Why? It could have been the audience’s surprise at hearing a brilliant performance from a student who outwardly didn’t have the trappings of a seasoned competition winner.
Conference papers on the topic "Trapping Capacities"
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Mishra, Achyut, and Ralf Haese. "Improved Estimates of Mineral Trapping Capacities at Reservoir Scale." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1812.
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Al-Khdheeawi, Emad A., Cut Aja Fauziah, Doaa Saleh Mahdi, and Ahmed Barifcani. "A New Approach To Improve The Assessments of CO2 Geo-Sequestration Capacity of Clay Minerals." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21278-ms.
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Abstract CO2 geological storage (CCS)isconsidered as the most promising technique to reduce atmospheric CO2emissions. However, due to the density variation between the injected supercritical CO2 and the formation water,CO2 tends to move vertically toward the air. This vertical CO2 leakage can be prevented by four trapping mechanisms (i.e. structural trapping,capillary trapping, solubility trapping, and mineral trapping). The capacities of structural and residual trapping are highly affected by rock wettability. Clay wettability is one of the crucial parametersin evaluation of CO2 geo-sequestration. However, the literature data show that there are many uncertainties associated with experimental measurements. One of these uncertainties is the influenceof the effect of gas density on the clay mineral wettability. Thus, here, we compared the wettability of a clay mineral (i.e. illite) of three different gas densities scenarios (i.e. low (Helium), moderate (Nitrogen), and high (CO2) gas densities). To do so, we measured the advancing and receding contact angle (i.e. wettability) of illite for CO2/water, nitrogen/water, and Helium/water systems at a constant (333 K) and four different pressures (5, 10, 15, and 20 MPa). The brine composition used was 4 wt% NaCl, 4 wt% CaCl2, 1 wt% MgCl2 and 1 wt% KCl, for all gas density scenarios. The results indicate that gas density has a significant effect on the clay mineral wettability and that both advancing and receding contact angles increase with an increase in gas density. The results show that a higher density gas scenario has a higher contact angle of illite, measured at the same temperature and pressure. For instance, the advancing contact angle of illite at 333 K and 20 MPa was 65° for the CO2/water system, 53° for the nitrogen/water system, and 50° for Helium/water Helium/water system. Thus, we conclude that the gas density affects the Clay wettability measurement and that the higher gas density leads to a higher contact angle measurements (i.e. a more CO2-wet system) of the clay and thus reduces the estimated CO2 geo-sequestration capacity and containment security.
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Alanazi, Amer, Muhammad Ali, Mahmoud Mowafi, and Hussein Hoteit. "Effect of Organics and Nanofluids on Capillary-Sealing Efficiency of Caprock for Hydrogen and Carbon-Dioxide Geological Storage." In International Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/igs-2022-009.
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Abstract Gas (hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)) geo-storage is a prominent solution for a low-carbon global economy. Geo-storage formations are very complex in nature and their wetting characteristics are dependent on various parameters. The literature lacks analysis of caprock’s structural trapping capacities, sealing efficiency, and proposed solutions for enhanced trapping potential. This work investigates H2 and CO2 wettability (pressure up to 25 MPa and temperature up to 343K) of pure and organic-aged (lignoceric acid C24, stearic acid C18, lauric acid C12, and hexanoic acid C6) mica samples as a proxy of caprock. Alumina nanofluid priming was used on organic-aged mica samples as a solution for reversing the wettability to hydrophilic conditions. Furthermore, capillary entry pressure and gas column heights were calculated. The results depict that H2 and CO2 wettability turned from Intermediate to strong CO2-wet mainly due to the increase in organic surface concentration and pressure. The higher the alkyl chain length of organic acids, the higher the hydrophobic conditions for mica substrates. Alumina nanofluid has shown great potential to reverse the wettability, where 0.25 wt.% was the optimum concentration. In a nutshell, the present work provides a detailed theoretical workflow to assess the capacity of caprock for safe and secure geo-storage projects. Introduction Hydrogen emerges as a promising clean fuel to support the decarbonization process by converting energy from fossil fuels into a more environmental-friendly form and effectively storing clean energy from renewables to overcome their intermittent supply issue (Alanazi et al., 2022). Wide-scale implementation of H2-based economy requires a medium with a large storage capacity, which can be theoretically offered by geological formations such as deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, and salt caverns (Zivar et al., 2021).
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Ren, Bo, Jerry Jensen, Ian Duncan, and Larry Lake. "Buoyant Flow of H2 Versus CO2 in Storage Aquifers." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210327-ms.
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Abstract Hydrogen will play an important role in the quest to decarbonize the world’s economy by substituting fossil fuels. In addition to the development of hydrogen generation technologies, the energy industry will need to increase hydrogen storage capacity to facilitate the development of a robust hydrogen economy. The required hydrogen storage capacity will be much larger than current hydrogen and natural gas storage capacities. There are a several geological storage options for hydrogen that include depleted hydrocarbon fields and aquifers, where more research is needed until the feasibility to store hydrogen at scale is proven. Here, we investigate the buoyant flow of H2 (as a working gas) versus CO2 (as a cushion gas) separately in a representative storage aquifer. Buoyant flow can affect the maximum storage, capillary trapping, likelihood of leakage, and deliverability of aquifer-stored hydrogen. After building a two-dimensional geological reservoir model initially filled with saline water, we ran numerical simulations to determine how hydrogen placed at the bottom of an aquifer might rise through the water column. The Leverett j-function is used to generate heterogeneous capillary entry pressure fields that correlate with porosity and permeability fields. Hydrogen viscosities were based on the Jossi et al. correlation, and the density was modeled using the Peng-Robinson equation of state. We then simulated several scenarios to assess flow during short- (annually) and long- (several years) term storage. For comparison purposes, we also ran CO2 storage simulations using the same geological model but with CO2-brine-rock properties collected from the literature. For a representative storage aquifer (323 K, 15.7 MPa, and mean permeability of 200 mD), significant fingering occurred as the hydrogen rose through the saline water column. The hydrogen experienced more buoyant flow and created flow paths with increased fingering when compared with CO2. Individual hydrogen fingers are thinner than the CO2 fingers in the simulations and the tip of hydrogen finger fronts propagated upward roughly twice as fast as the CO2 front for a typical set of heterogeneity indicators (Dykstra-Parson’s coefficient Vdp = 0.80, and dimensionless autocorrelation length λdx = 2). The implications of buoyant flow for hydrogen in saline aquifers include an increased threat of leakage, more residual trapping of hydrogen, and, therefore, the need to focus more on the heterogeneity and lateral correlation behavior of the repository. If hydrogen penetrates the caprock of an aquifer, it will leak faster than CO2 and generate more vertical flow pathways. We identify possible depositional environments for clastic aquifers that would offer suitable characteristics for storage.
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Tu, Jiawei, William Ampomah, Nathan Moodie, Dana Ulmer-Scholle, Luke Martin, Elizabeth Wells, and Rajesh Parwar. "Demonstration Numerical Simulation of Field-Scale CO2 Sequestration Project with Complex Faulting System in San Juan Basin, USA." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210082-ms.
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Abstract San Juan Basin (SJB) is a geologic structural basin located in northwest New Mexico. Comprehensive field-scale reservoir simulation work was performed in finely constructed basin-wide geologic models, targeting sequestering over 120 million metric tons of CO2 for a period of 20 years. Petrophysical properties were populated through well logs and measurements on core samples obtained from nearby wells within the study area. Various critical storage trapping mechanisms were considered. The threshold pressure in delineating AoR is formulated based on guidance provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to ensure the safety of underground drinking water sources (USDW). Besides, a complex faulting system identified on the west side of the basin was modeled to preclude risks of CO2 migration. The faulting system at the northwestern SJB was identified through well log stratigraphy. A near-vertical faulting system was mapped that may pose uncertainties to the sealing capacities of the caprock layer. The preliminary structural map shows a relatively flat topography that deepens to the east; and a high area in the west-northwest that is produced by faulting within a Hogback Monocline. The relief on the fault/monocline averages around 4,000 to 4,500 feet. Our simulation results indicate that SJB has the potential to safely contain the proposed amount of CO2 and avoid the impact of faulting systems. Further, pressure build-up in the injection zone is the most influential factor that may endanger the drinking water aquifer through the active injection and post-injection site care phases compared to CO2 plume migration. Controlling the size of AoR will increase the overall storage capacity within the area of interest while cutting down the overhead for corrective action planning and site monitoring. This work employed realistic reservoir characterization data from San Juan Basin CarbonSAFE Phase III project to construct the reservoir simulation model, including 3D seismic, well logs, core analysis, and fluid sampling. As the worldwide commercial CO2 geologic storage projects aiming for soaring storage capacity goals, the processes in this work demonstrated the workflow to manage a large-scale CO2sequestration project in complex geological structured reservoirs.
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Samarao, Ashwin K., and Farrokh Ayazi. "Self-polarized capacitive silicon micromechanical resonators via charge trapping." In 2010 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iedm.2010.5703316.
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Hwang, Seonhee, Tae Young Kang, Heesang Ahn, Dong-Myeong Shin, and Kyujung Kim. "Optical trapping and measurement of a single cell using capacitive sensors." In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fts.2016.jw4a.41.
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Koszewski, Adam, Frederic Souchon, and Thierry Ouisse. "Conduction and Trapping in RF MEMS capacitive switches with a SiN layer." In 2009 Proceedings of the European Solid State Device Research Conference (ESSDERC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/essderc.2009.5331578.
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Young, A., A. Neuber, and M. Kristiansen. "Design considerations for flux-trapping helical flux compression generators energized by capacitive discharge." In 2011 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppc.2011.6191479.
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De, Sourav, Wei-Xuan Bu, Bo-Han Qiu, Chung-Jun Su, Yao-Jen Lee, and Darsen D. Lu. "Alleviation of Charge Trapping and Flicker Noise in HfZrO2-Based Ferroelectric Capacitors by Thermal Engineering." In 2021 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Applications (VLSI-TSA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-tsa51926.2021.9440091.
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