Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos'
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Turón, Viñas Eulàlia. "Complicaciones neurológicas en niños sometidos a trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670948.
Full textINTRODUCTION Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for many diseases, most of which do not have other curative options. It requires a conditioning treatment, both chemotherapy and irradiation, that confers frequent adverse reactions. It also can cause some complications, being the neurological complications of most importance, because of the high morbimortality rates associated to them. The aim of this study is to analyse neurological complications and associated risk factors, and also to propose a diagnostic-therapeutic algorythm to manage these complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analysed the evolution of 178 allogeneic HSCT performed in the Paediatrics Service of the Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital, between 2003 and 2018. We studied risk factors and outcomes. Univariate and multivariate analysis have been performed to explore risk factors, associated not only to neurological complications in general, but also to all types of neurological complications. RESULTS Sixty-six events have been found among 50 patients, 30 of which were considered life-threatening. Forty-seven of these events affected the Central Nervous System and nineteen, the Peripheral Nervous System. Risk factors related to neurological complications in general were: age, cranial irradiation, CD45RA+ cell depletion, implant syndrome, the use of mophetil mycophenolate, chronic graft-versus-host disease, chronic immunosupressive treatment and both CMV and VEB reactivations. Mortality was higher among patients who suffered from neurological complications. Cumulative survival was 0,323 + 0,075 in patients who suffered neurological complications and 0,380 + 0,158 in patients who did not at the end of our follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Neurologic complications are found in the 32,2% of patients undergoing HSCT in our series. Risk factors related to them are age, cranial irradiation, CD45RA+ cell depletion, implant syndrome, the use of mophetil mycophenolate, chronic graft-versus-host disease, chronic immunosupressive treatment and both CMV and VEB reactivations. Neurological complications caused higher mortality in our patients. A diagnostic and therapeutic approach is proposed.
Barba, Suñol Pere. "Evaluación de la función hepática en el trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos con acondicionamiento de toxicidad reducida." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284346.
Full textHepatic impairment is a major concern in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Hepatic impairment prior to the procedure might have an impact on the selection of the conditioning regimen and even in the transplant indication. Moreover, several complications involving liver function occur during follow-up after the procedure. Regarding reduced-toxicity conditioning allo-HCT, the role of hepatic function is of utmost importance since patients receiving this transplant modality are older and have more severe comorbidities. The doctoral thesis presented herein includes three published studies analyzing the role of hepatic impairment in a large population of patients receiving allo-HCT with reduced-toxicity conditioning. These studies showed that hepatic impairment is common in patients receiving this modality of allo-HCT. Moreover, pretransplant predictive models including hepatic liver dysfunction are useful to identify patients at high risk of non-relapse mortality, being the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index, the model with the highest predictive value (c-statistics 0.672). High bilirubin and gammaglutamyl-transpeptidase levels were the two liver tests more highly associated with a worse outcome after the procedure. After HCT, the development of high bilirubin levels (> 68.4 µM) are common (20%) and have an independent impact on its results. Furthermore, the sinusoidal obstructive syndrome was only the cause of 4% of the cases of severe hyperbilirubinemia in this modality of HCT. In conclusion, the hepatic impairment before and after reduced-toxicity allo-HCT plays a key role on the outcome of patients undergoing this procedure.
García, Cadenas Irene. "Complicaciones del trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos: enfermedad de injerto contra el receptor y predisposición a infecciones. estrategias de mejora." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405324.
Full textAllogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is the only curative therapy for many patients with hematologic malignancies. However, this treatment is limited by a high morbidity and mortality that ranges from 15% to 50% depending on patient and transplant characteristics. This doctoral thesis focuses on the two main causes of transplant related mortality (TRM), acute Graft-Versus-Host-Disease (aGVHD) and opportunistic infections, which are closely associated and cause significant morbidity and mortality in the early post-trasplant period. Firstly, this work identifies several issues that remain common obstacles in allo-SCT daily clinical practice. Secondly, evidence-based interventions are proposed to overcome these difficulties. In terms of GVHD, the interest areas are, firstly, the impact of an adequate pharmacological prophylaxis on the occurrence of acute GVHD, especially the importance of avoiding infraterapeutic levels of Ciclosporin A in the blood the first four weeks after SCT to improve long-term outcomes and secondly, once this complication has been developed, and especially in the case of steroid refractoriness, a second report stresses the importance of the appropriate design and long term follow-up of affected patients to evaluate the effectiveness of the different salvage strategies. In the field of opportunistic infections, epidemiological data on the incidence, time of onset, responsible pathogens and impact of infections on morbidity and mortality in patients with refractory acute GVHD (a well known high risk scenario in which data are lacking) are shown. This information seems helpful to optimize monitoring, prophylactic and pre-emptive strategies that have been implemented in other high-risk groups. All manuscripts included in this doctoral thesis provide detailed and original information on specific aspects of post-SCT complications and their conjunction allow a final view of the current situation and possible strategies for improvement of NRM in the SCT field that undoubtedly exceed the sum of the parts.
Elorza, Álvarez Izaskun. "Enfermedad mínima residual medida mediante citometría de flujo multiparamétrica en niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda sometidos a trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/310609.
Full textOutcomes with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HST) are better than with chemotherapy in children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The main drawback to successful transplant is relapse. The major prognostic factor for long-term relapse-free survival (RFS) is complete morphological remission prior to transplant. Minimal residual disease (MRD) in bone marrow pre-transplant, measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, has proved to be an independent factor of relapse post-transplant and consequently shorter survival in children with ALL. Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) is widely used to detect anomalous immunophenotypes in the diagnostic work-up of ALL and its monitoring throughout treatment. Several studies concluded that PCR and MFC are complementary. This thesis aimed to ascertain whether a relationship exists between MRD prior to allo-HST in children with ALL measured by MFC and outcome, assessed as RFS and overall survival (OS). Furthermore, other pre- and post-transplant factors associated with survival were studied. MRD was quantified by MFC prior to allo-HST in 80 children with ALL (age range: 6 months-19 years). According to the MRD level detected, patients were divided into two groups: MRD- positive (n=25) with blast cells ≥ 0.01% compared with total cell population, and MRD-negative (n=55) with blast cell < 0.01%. RFS at 3 years post-transplant was 72%, with OS 51%. RFS in the MRD-positive group was 50% versus 80% in the MRD-negative group (Log Rank 9.5; p=0.002). OS in the MRD-positive group was 30% versus 59% in the MRD-negative group (Log Rank 6.5; p=0.01). The presence of MRD pre-transplant measured by MFC identified a group of patients with a 5.5- fold greater risk of relapse and 3.4-fold of death, which confirmed the importance of its presence prior to transplant and the validity of the test for its identification. Bivariate analysis showed the use of radiotherapy during conditioning and the presence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) post-transplant to be protective factors against relapse and, in the case of aGvHD, also mortality. EFS at 3 years post-transplant was 36% in patients without aGvHD, 79% in those with grades I to II and 81% in those with III to IV. OS at 3 years post-transplant was 23% in patients without aGvHD, 56 % in those with grades I to II and 57 % in those with III to IV. When patients were stratified by MRD, aGvHD favored more those with positive MRD pre-transplant. Regarding post-transplant follow-up studies, patients with positive MRD measured by MFC relapsed less than those who remained negative: 87% versus 17%. This work did not show that chimerism studies post-transplant offered relapse-related data of clinical value. Further studies are required to define new protocols for the subgroup of patients with MRD positive prior allo-HST. Furthermore, MRD and chimerism post-transplant should be assessed as prognostic factors of relapse and their interpretation used as a basis for follow-up.
Suárez-Lledó, Grande María. "Infección por Citomegalovirus en el Trasplante Alogénico de Progenitores Hematopoyéticos en la era del tratamiento anticipado: consideraciones actuales sobre la definición de grupos de riesgo y el diagnóstico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669231.
Full textCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpes virus with the ability to reactivate from a latent phase during immunosuppression. The cellular immune response mediated by cytotoxic CD8 T-lymphocytes is predominantly responsible for the control of CMV infection. Patients who receive an allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) experience severe and prolonged immunosuppression. Immune reconstitution after transplant is a stepwise process and T cell recovery begins after the third month after SCT. Complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and its treatment contribute to increased immunosuppression. Therefore, infectious complications are frequent, especially CMV infection that affects 60% of patients A positive serology (IgG) in the recipient is the main risk factor for CMV infection, especially when the donor is seronegative (high risk). Other risk factors are the presence of lymphopenia, GVHD and its treatment, and T cell depletion. Our studies show that treatment with high-dose steroids increases the incidence of CMV infection and recurrent infection, especially for intermediate-risk serological patients (IgG-positive donor and recipient). In high-risk patients, steroid treatment prolonged the duration of antiviral treatment. In addition, steroid treatment delays global immune reconstitution and impairs CMV-specific immunity. The administration of post-SCT cyclophosphamide, used for GVHD prophylaxis, changes the CMV infection’s epidemiology. Deep lymphopenia occurring in the first month would explain the earlier median time to CMV infection and the delay in the CD4 T lymphocyte’s recovery (after 6 months post-SCT), explains the higher incidence of CMV disease and refractory CMV infection. We focused on the usefulness of RT-PCR as a diagnostic technique for the CMV gastrointestinal disease. The symptoms derived from CMV gastrointestinal disease are indistinguishable from those caused by GVHD. An endoscopic biopsy with histological study and inmunohistochemistry staining (gold standard) is needed for diagnosis. It has been shown that RT-PCR has the same sensitivity, specificity and predictive values than immunohistochemistry, so PCR is useful and reliable for CMV gastrointestinal disease. Furthermore, PCR-RT (quantification of viral DNA), allows an early diagnosis based on a defined cut-off so would initiate antiviral treatment more promptly. PCR-RT could also be useful for monitoring the response and define the duration of the treatment.
Piñana, Sánchez José Luis. "Complicaciones orgánicas en el transplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos con acondicionamientos de intensidad reducida." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/368192.
Full textMartínez, Millán Silvia. "Estado de salud bucodental y presencia de lesiones orales de enfermedad injerto contra hospedador (EICH) en pacientes sometidos a trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos en la Región de Murcia." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/369828.
Full textOBJECTIVES 1. Evaluate the oral health status of the patients under allogeneic-HPT. 2. Study the frequency of occurrence of oral GVHD. 3. Study the relationship between the appearance of oral GVHD and variables such as presence of bacterial plaque, periodontal status and rates of caries, absences and fillings. 4. Make a review of the literature on the treatment protocol of oral GVHD. 5. Confirm the need for guidelines of oral hygiene and regular visits to the dentist, pre and post transplant. MATERIAL There were reviewed the medical records and performed oral examinations to 73 patients who had received an allo-HPT for different pathologies. Patients were referred to the unit of special patients of the University Clinic of Dentistry, from the service of oncohematology at “Morales Meseguer" Hospital from October 2000 until June 2008, to assess the oral health status and the presence or absence of lesions from oral GVHD. Inclusion criteria: - Having received an allo-HPT in the Region of Murcia. -Presence of teeth to assess their oral health status. METHODS The data were obtained from clinical and radiological examinations. We also collected data from the medical files of the service of Hematology of "Morales Meseguer" Hospital (Murcia). Collection and registration of data were performed by a single operator. RESULTS In our study, 82.5% of the patients presented dental caries, with an average of 4.47 caries. 74% of the patients had at least one missing piece. The average of dental absences was 4.52. We found that 29 patients (39.7%) did not have any type of restaurative treatment. The mean of fillings was 2.89. The largest number of fillings was obtained in the 35-44 age group. This may be due to better health education, improved access to treatment centers and greater purchasing power of this population range. The mean of the P.I. was 76.28%. 23 patients (37.1%) had a P.I. of 100%, indicating a very poor hygiene, what would lead to increased caries, gingivitis, periodontal problems, dental problems, increased risk of infections,... 43 patients (52.4%) did not present any type of injury compatible with systemic GVHD, while 30 (36.6%) were diagnosed of this injury. 34 (41.5%) were free from oral GVHD and 39 patients (47.6%) showed those lesions. The presence of caries in patients with GVHD had statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05), which would strengthen the hypothesis that cavities progress faster and more aggressive in these patients than in the normal population. Group with oral and/or systemic GVHD have a higher average of tooth fillings, maybe due to the greater care, and more serious systemic symptoms that make these patients be more aware of possible complications after the TPH. CONCLUSIONS 1. Both the periodontal and dental health in our study sample are worse than the Spanish population in the oral health survey of 2010. 2. Patients undergoing TPH have a high number of carious teeth, higher than the general population, and a lower rate of restoration. 3. Periodontal health is very poor and the patient is little awareness for the maintenance of their oral status. 4. The HPT and salivary flow have little influence or interdependence among themselves. 5. It should make a protocol for the first visit, monitoring and dental treatment of patients that will undergo a HPT from Oncohematology Unit to reduce the subsequent oral complications. 6. Specific training and a specialized unit in the treatment of these patients is needed, for the early detection of oral symptoms of GVHD.
Holgado, Pérez Susana. "Variaciones de la masa ósea en el trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/317964.
Full textPrevious: Osteoporosis is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving multiple factors, namely the immunosuppressive drugs that are used in the induction period and consolidation and particularly the changes in the stromal cells of the bone marrow as a consequence of the transplant. .This entails an uncoupling of bone remodeling with an increase of bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Hypothesis: Patients who receive stem cell transplantation have a decreased bone mass . There are differences in bone mineral density between patients receiving allogeneic and autologous transplantation. This reduction leads to an increase in the number of fractures. Objectives: To determine the changes in bone mineral density of patients who receive a transplant of hematopoietic progenitors. To study the differences in bone loss between autologous and allogeneic transplant. To establish the changes in bone remodeling as well as the concentration of osteoprotegerin serum and growth factor type I insulin in these patients and to correlate it with the bone mineral density and the rate of vertebral fractures. Design: Prospective study. We performed serial measurements of bone mineral density, bone turnover markers (aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen and telopeptide aminoterminal of type I collagen), hormones (thyrotropin, thyroxine unbound protein, cortisol, parathyroid, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, testosterone binding protein), growth factor type I insulin, 25 and 1,25 hydroxyvitamin D and osteoprotegerin and thoracolumbar radiographs profile. Setting and subjects of study: Adult patients of age ≥ 18 years who have received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol. Instrumentation: Bone mineral density was investigated with densitometer LUNAR prodigy in all patients .Futhermore markers of bone formation and resorption, and osteoprotegerin by hormonal measurements enzimo techniques and radioimmunoassay were determined in all the patients. Results: 100 patients were recruited ; 46 (46%) were women; 53 (53%) received autologous and 47 (47%) allogeneic transplantation. Prior to the transplant 37 patients (38%) had a low (26 osteopenia and 11 osteoporosis) bone mass. The mean (SD) BMD were 1.139 (0.179) g/cm2 in lumbar spine and 0.971 (0.131) g / cm2 in femoral neck. A decrease in bone mineral density at 6 months in both lumbar spine (1.132 vs. 1.086 g / cm2, p <0.001) and femoral neck (0.964 vs. 0.914 g / cm2 p <0.001) was observed. At 12 months the bone mineral density was : at the lumbar spine (1,124 vs. 1,096 g / cm2, p <0.001) and femoral neck (0.962 vs. 0.898 g / cm2, p <0.001). When comparing bone mineral density by the type of the transplant, the change after 12 months at the lumbar spine, in the autologous was -1.96% compared to -3.18% in allogeneic and thew change at femoral neck was -8.76 -5.20% a respectively. Osteoprotegerin values increased after both autologous transplant group (4.33 vs. 5.35 pmol / l, p = 0.016) and allogeneic (5.08 vs. 5.78 pmol / l, p = 0.015 ). However, these values were not correlated with bone mineral density. A significant increase in the values of aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen at 3 months (80.94 versus 79.08 ng / mL, p = 0.001) in the group of autologous transplantation was observed whereas the aminoterminal propeptide allogeneic type I procollagen was decreased at 3 months (81.23 vs. 112.47 ng / mL, p = 0.034) , 6 months (127.95 86.893 versus ng / mL, p = 0.021) and 12 months (90.98 vs. 123.07 ng / mL, p = 0.048). A nonsignificant increase in values of aminoterminal telopeptide of type I collagen in both types of transplantation was observed. Patients who developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) Chronic showed a greater decrease in bone mineral density in L2-L4 segment than those who had not this complication. There was a negative correlation (close to be statistical significance) between the cumulative dose of glucocorticoids and the loss of mineral density in the lumbar spine. The fracture rate was 5.2%. Conclusions: Patients candidates for hematopoietic stem cell transplant have low levels of bone mineral density ( one third of cases) prior to the transplant. Both autologous and allogeneic trasnplant groups showed a loss of bone mass, which was more marked in the femoral neck. Patients in the allogeneic transplant group have changes in markers of bone turnover ( a decrease in bone formation markers and a increase in resorption markers), this reflects the pathophysiological mechanism of bone loss. Serum osteoprotegerin is increased but it is not correlated with bone mineral density. Graft versus host disease is related to chronic loss of bone mass after allogeneic hematopoietic progenitors. The cumulative dose of glucocorticoids is negatively correlated with bone loss in that group, approaching a statistical significance.
Blanco, Morgado Yolanda. "Trasplante autólogo de progenitores hematopoyéticos como opción terapéutica en la esclerosis múltiple." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2193.
Full textHIPÓTESIS Y OBJETIVOS: La tolerancia inmune tras el TAPH debería conllevar un descenso en la actividad inflamatoria inmunomediada con una mejoría en el curso clínico y radiológico de los pacientes asociado a un descenso de marcadores biológicos de actividad inflamatoria implicados en la patogenia de la EM. Para ello, analizamos la evolución de los niveles de MMP-9, de BDNF, la reconstitución inmune, y el perfil de secreción de citocinas. Asimismo, estudiamos la influencia del polimorfismo funcional BDNF-Val66Met en la capacidad de secreción de BDNF por las células inmunes, así como en la susceptibilidad a padecer EM o en la severidad de la misma.
RESULTADOS: 14 pacientes con EM agresiva resistente a la terapia convencional fueron sometidos a un TAPH. La mortalidad del procedimiento fue del 0% y no se produjo ningún evento tóxico grave. Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 3 años se produjo un gran descenso en la tasa de brotes y la probabilidad de permanecer libre de progresión de la enfermedad fue del 85,7%. Se observó la desaparición de las lesiones captantes de contraste en RM y un notable descenso de la carga lesional asociado a una atrofia del cuerpo calloso secundaria a la resolución del edema de las lesiones cerebrales. El TAPH reduce los niveles séricos y de expresión de la MMP-9 con un descenso en el cociente MMP-9/TIMP-1 de actividad proteolítica. El TAPH produce una lenta recuperación de los linfocitos CD4+ con una inversión del cociente de CD4+/CD8+ asociado a un desplazamiento de respuesta inflamatoria hacia un perfil Th2. El TAPH desciende los niveles de BDNF sin evidencia de correlación con las medidas de atrofia cerebral. La distribución de frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas fue similar entre EM y controles, ni se asoció con ningún parámetro de severidad de la EM. La presencia del alelo met no se asocia a un descenso en los niveles de BDNF.
CONCLUSIONES: El TAPH en la EM tiene una toxicidad aceptable, reduce la actividad inflamatoria de la enfermedad y parece retrasar la progresión de la discapacidad. Reduce la carga proteolítica asociada a MMP-9/TIMP-1 pudiendo contribuir a la reducción de la actividad de la enfermedad. El TAPH tiene un efecto inmunodepresor e inmunomodulador prolongado como muestra la inversión del cociente CD4+/CD8+ y el desplazamiento de la respuesta inflamatoria hacia un perfil Th2. El descenso en los niveles de BDNF parece influir en la atrofia cerebral de la EM. El polimorfismo BDNF-Val66Met no incrementa la susceptibilidad ni la severidad de la enfermedad, ni disminuye la capacidad de las células inmunes de secretar BDNF.
Sisinni, Luisa. "Desarrollo de neoplasias secundarias después del trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos realizado en edad pediátrica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399832.
Full textINTRODUCTION Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a medical procedure that allows the cure of many paediatric diseases. It has been described an increased risk of new malignancies in this population and it represents an important cause of late mortality. The purpose of this study is to analyse the incidence of secondary malignancies and the associated risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the late evolution of 371 patients submitted at pediatric age to hematopoietic transplantation (HSCT) (allogeneic or autologous) in Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital between 1984 and 2013. It has been calculated the cumulative incidence of secondary malignancies at 30 years of follow-up. It has been done univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors through Chi-squared test and binary logistic regression method (Odds Ratio). It has been studied the risk excess for new malignancies through comparison of observed cases in our cohort with the expected cases in the general population by using Chi-squared test. RESULTS We observed 19 cases of secondary malignancies with a cumulative incidence of 6% at 15 years, 12% at 20 years and 36% at 30 years of follow-up. The risk was higher of expected in general population for each tumor type and in the different range of age. Chronic graft versus host disease, total body irradiation of conditioning and previous radiotherapy were the factors related with an increased risk. Mortality was 42% between patients with a new malignancy and it was the cause of death for all the cases. CONCLUSION We observed an incidence of secondary malignancies after HSCT of 5.1% that is significantly higher compared to the expected in the general population (p=0,000). The factors that have been related to an increased risk were chronic GvHD (graft versus host disease), TBI and radiotherapy administered previously.
Cava, Almohalla Catalina. "Comparación de dos soluciones de lavado para el trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos sin dimetil sulfóxido." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/336381.
Full textThe cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells is an essential component of the clinical protocol of most hematopoietic stem cell transplants. The toxic effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on cells is well known, but it also generates other usually dose-dependent adverse effects during the infusion of the thawed cells to the patient. Complications can be mild like dizziness, or very severe like acute renal failure and cardiac arrest. But the most common are nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and chills. Our group has already demonstrated in two separate works the efficacy and safety of washing the DMSO and the cell lysis derived products from the thawed hematopoietic progenitors, both with saline supplemented with albumin (SSA) and with hydroxyethyl starch (Voluven®). We now pretend to study whether there is any difference in safety or efficacy between both solutions, our working hypothesis being that both solutions offer similar results. We studied a total of 158 patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between September 2008 and July 2014, divided into two subgroups according to the washing solution used (96 patients with SSA and 62 patients with Voluven). A total of 411 washes were performed (229 SSA and 182 Voluven), corresponding to 211 apheresis processes (130 SSA and 81 Voluven). In both groups an automated and closed system was used for the washing, consisting in a cell processor with a centrifugal chamber used to separate the blood components according to density and size (Sepax®). To analyze the cell product variables (TNC, CD34 + cells, colonies cultures, viability and microbiological cultures) we obtained samples from the apheresis collection fresh product, from the defrosted product and from the washed product. We studied the safety of the procedure analyzing the engraftment kinetics and the rate of microbiological isolates from the bags. On the other hand, we studied the patient safety analyzing the incidence of adverse reactions, days of fever, days of hospitalization, the risk of renal impairment and microbiological isolates. We did not find any significant difference between both washing solutions in the number of CD34 + cells, viability, or clonogenic colonies. However, there was a significant loss of TNC after washing with both solutions, but it was higher in the subgroup washed with SSA. The engraftment potential was never affected. In the comparative study of the bacterial contamination rate before and after washing, no significant differences were found when analyzing the total sample. However, in the analysis by type of washing solution, the rate of microbiological isolates decreased significantly after washing with Voluven®. Both solutions prevented the adverse reactions related to the infusion of dimethyl sulfoxide cryopreserved peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells. Therefore, both solutions are equally effective for washing PHSP cryopreserved, ensuring good recovery of CD34 + cells, and preserving the cells viability and engraftment potential. Voluven represents an excellent alternative washing solution easy to use, with less risk of contamination and free of human derived products.
Valcarcel, Ferreiras David. "Trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos con acondicionamiento de intensidad reducida: aplicabilidad en leucemia mieloide aguda y síndromes mielodisplásicos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/133346.
Full textAllogeneic stem cell transplantation (Alo-SCT) is the only curative option for most patients diagnosed of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and in some other neoplastic and non-neoplastic hematological disorders. Nevertheless its applicability is reduced because of the high toxicity associated with the use of high dose chemo-radiotherapy used in the conditioning. The development of conditioning regimens with lower toxicity, known as reduced intensity conditionings allow to offer the transplant procedure to those patients previously considered non-candidates because of high risk of toxicity with conventional transplant based on the use of high dose conditioning. This doctoral thesis shows the result of three consecutive studies performed to analyze the feasibility and efficacy of a reduced intensity conditioning regimen in patients with AML and MDS. The first study demonstrates that the reduced intensity conditioning regimen is associated with lower than expected non-relapse mortality. The second study presents the long term results and analyzes the factors associated with better results, showing that the development of chronic graft versus host disease is associated with improved survival. The last study is a comparison between reduced intensity conditioning and other strategy aimed to reduce transplant related mortality as the transplant of CD34 positive cells selection graft that shows that reduced intensity conditioning show similar results, and possibly better in older patients. As conclusions, the present doctoral thesis demonstrates: 1) The reduced intensity conditioning scheme used was able to achieve stable long term engraftment, 2) it is associated with lower transplant related mortality compared with conventional conditioning 3)obtaining the highest benefit in term of survival in patients developing chronic graft versus host disease and 4) with a global results similar to those obtained in younger patients using conventional conditioning regimens and CD 34 positive selected grafts. It ultimately confirms that reduced intensity conditioning regimen offers a curative option to those patients with risk of mortality with conventional approach and identifies the graft versus tumor effect as the main mechanism of action of this approach.
López, Granados Lucía. "Trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos en enfermedades genéticas con régimen de acondicionamiento de intensidad reducida en pacientes pediátricos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/310606.
Full textIntroduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) involves implanting cellular elements capable of generating a new and healthy hematopoietic system. The term conditioning regimen refers to treatment that the patient is administered prior to infusion of hematopoietic progenitors. Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) consists predominantly immunosuppressive treatment to facilitate a progressive implant with lower morbidity. This type of conditioning can also cause myeloablation, but potentially reversible over time. Justification: To analyze the evolution of pediatric patients with genetic diseases that between 2005-2013 were subjected to a HSCT with reduced intensity conditioning in different Hospitals of the Spanish State, distinguishing between those patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID), Congenital Hemopathies or Metabolopathies. Objectives: To study the evolution of HSCT with RIC in pediatric patients with genetic diseases. Compare the results of HSCT with RIC between the three main groups of patients: PID, Congenital Blood diseases and Metabolic Disorders. Detailing the results of HSCT with RIC in the groups most representative of genetic diseases, distinguishing between those who submitted favorable results. Patients and Methods: This study is a multicenter, observational, retrospective-prospective, descriptive and analytical. It is 57 patients, of whom 32 have PID, 21 have Congenital Blood disorder and 4 are affected of Inherited Metabolic disorders. The curves of Overall Survival (OS) and Event-Free Survival (EFS) were performed following the method of Kaplan-Meier and compared by the log-rank test. The level of statistical significance was considered when p ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Results: Forty-three of the 57 patients are alive (75.4%). Overall survival at seven years is 0,74. Nineteen patients (33,3%) presented in the course of HSCT an event (EFS: 0,64). OS in patients with Congenital Hemopathies is 0,80; in Primary immunodeficiencies is 0,70 and in Metabolopathies is 0,75. No significant difference was observed between the 3 groups of diseases. The OS in transplanted patients with matched unrelated donor (MUD) is 0,88 and in patients with mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) is 0,70. As for family donors with HLA identical (matched sibling donor) OS is 0,83 and with HLA not identical (mismatched family donor) 0,42. No significant difference was observed in the type of donor. Regarding the source of hematopoietic progenitors, the OS in patients transplanted with cord blood (CB) + bone marrow (BM) is 1; in patients transplanted with peripheral blood is 0,74; with BM is 0,70 and with CB is 0,70. Neither is observed statistically significant difference. The results are analyzed in subgroups of pathology. Conclusions: We evidence good results in HSCT with RIC in genetic diseases, even when hematopoietic progenitors derived from unrelated donor and especially with the combination of cord blood + bone marrow from matched sibling donor. We also noted good results in the three major groups of genetic diseases.
Grau, Cat Javier. "Leucemia mieloblástica aguda tras un trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos en pacientes con leucemia aguda mieloblástica: características citogenéticas y moleculares." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384478.
Full textAcute myeloid leukemias (AML) appearing after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) performed in patients with AML have always been considered as relapse of the original AML. However, these patients have been treated before HSCT with regimens that include anthracyclines and cytarabine and subsequently have been consolidated with HSCT, with conditioning regimens including alkylating agents, antimetabolites and, for some patients, total body irradiation (TBI). As the cumulated dose of alkylating agents is considered the most important risk factor for developing a therapy-related myelodysplasia or AML, some of these AML developing after-HSCT could be in fact therapy-related AML In order to characterize the genetic features of AML after-HSCT we have analyzed the cytogenetic and molecular characteristics at diagnosis in 151 AML patients submitted to HSCT and we have performed a comparison with the cytogenetic and molecular characteristics of 58 patients who developed an AML after-HSCT. In addition, we have analyzed the variables described in the literature that may have a potential impact on the development of AML after-HSCT, as well as the incidence of TP53 deletions (assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization) and their relationship with the presence of complex karyotype, monosomal karyotype and deletion of chromosome 5q. In this study, patients who developed AML after-HSCT were submitted more often to an autologous HSCT and showed more frequently secondary AML, complex karyotypes, unbalanced karyotypic abnormalities and a higher number of cytogenetic abnormalities at diagnosis. On the other hand, AML after-HSCT showed a low frequency of chromosomal alterations related with previous exposure to topoisomerase II inhibitors and alkylating agents. One third of patients with AML developed after HSCT showed the same chromosomal alterations (either associated or not with additional alterations) as those detected at AML diagnosis. In addition, AML developed after allo-HSCT showed a higher number of cytogenetic abnormalities and more complex karyotypes than the AML arising after auto-HSCT. Age, mutational status of NMP1, FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835 at diagnosis, disease state, the number of cycles of chemotherapy given prior to HSCT, the type of conditioning regimens (alkylating agents or cyclophosphamide and TBI), GVHD prophylaxis (immunosuppressive therapy and methotrexate or immunosuppressive therapy only) and the presence of GVHD have not been significantly associated with the development of AML after-HSCT. The results of our study suggest that the pre-transplant treatment (induction, consolidation and conditioning regimen) and the cumulative damage in the DNA of the HSC infused (in cases of auto-HSCT) have less influence in the development of AML after-HSCT than the cytogenetic complexity of AML at the time of diagnosis.
Parody, Porras Rocio. "Impacto de la fuente de progenitores en la mortalidad relacionada con la infección post-trasplante alogénico. Factores de progresión y pronóstico de Aspergilosis Invasiva." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/107937.
Full textThe present doctoral thesis is compound of 3 manuscripts already published, in the setting of infectious complications after allogeneic transplantation (alloSCT). The first one is focused in a Spanish multicenter study designed with the aim of studying the impact of the type of source of hematopoietic stem cells on transplant and infection-related mortality (TRM and IRM respectively), since the umbilical cord blood is increasingly used in the last decades and the literature about comparison of different sources (UCB versus bone marrow or peripheral blood) is scarce. The main conclusion of the study is that the source had not a significant impact in overall outcomes as: TRM at 100 days and 1 year, cumulative incidence of CMV infection and disease and Overall Survival. Moreover IRM is the first cause of TRM in both groups (around 60% of total causes of TRM). These findings suggest that the risk of IRM in the setting of alloSCT from UCB is similar to others sources if selection of UCB unit follows strict criteria. Next to this study, doctorand research has focused mainly in one of the most common infections in hematological patients: fungal infections by Aspergillus (IA). A multicenter study was designed in the setting of European Bone Marrow Transplantation group to report a representative sample of patients with a prior diagnosis of IA who underwent an alloSCT, to analyze risk factors for progression of IA after transplant. Variables that resulted statistically significant in multivariate analysis for a higher risk (Cumulative Incidence, Cum.Inc) of progression of IA at 2 years were (1) prolonged neutropenia, (2) advanced status of basal disease, (3) antifungal therapy for less than 6 weeks prior alloSCT, (4) CMV disease, (5) Bone marrow or UCB as source and (6) acute II-IV GHVD. In addition, myeloablative conditioning increased progression risk the first 30 days after alloSCT. With these results we present a risk model with 3 subgroups based on the presence or 0-6 risk factors (P < 0.001): low (0-1 risk factors; Cum. Inc of IA 6%), intermedial (2-3 risk factors; Cum.Inc 27%) and high risk(> 3 risk factors, Cum.Inc 72%). This model might orientate the choice of conditioning intensity as well as secondary antifungal prophylaxis. The third study, attached as anexum, is focused on another scarcely explored field, the prognosis of IA: we analyzed in a monocenter study from Sant Pau’s Hospital 130 cases of possible, probable or proven IA, to establish a prognosis model useful as a tool for deciding an individualized strategy in the clinical practice. Five variables diminished Aspergillosis-free survival (AFS) at 4 months from diagnosis, in both groups analyzed, alloSCT and hematological patients non-transplanted (non-alloSCT): (1) one organ dysfunction at diagnosis of IA, (2) more than one organ dysfunction (2 points), (3) disseminated IA, (4) time of neutropenia longer than 10 days (non- alloSCT) or monocytopenia (<0.1 x 109/l) (alloSCT), and (5) steroids treatment (non- alloSCT) or alternative donor (alloSCT). According with the number of adverse prognosis factors at diagnosis of IA, we identified 3 prognosis subgroups: favorable (AFS 97% and 78%), intermedial (AFS 73% y 32%) and poor (AFS 20% and 11%) in non-alloSCT and alloSCT respectively.
Moreno, Larrea Mariela del Carmen. "Leucemia linfática aguda en mayores de 18 años: sobrevida y costo efectividad entre quimioterapia y quimioterapia más trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos (2008-2012) en el Hospital Rebagliati: único centro trasplantador en el Perú." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6680.
Full textCompara la supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad en pacientes mayores de 18 años con leucemia linfática aguda con y sin trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Marttins en Lima, Perú. Realiza un estudio transversal donde se revisaron 100 historias clínicas. Se obtuvieron 50 historias clínicas de pacientes sometidos a trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos entre los años 2008 - 2012 y 50 historias clínicas de pacientes sometidos solo a quimioterapia según protocolo vigente de leucemia linfática aguda en el mismo período, todos mayores de 18 años con datos completos en las historias clínicas y que hayan continuado seguimiento. Se compararon los grupos con prueba chi cuadrado, y se estableció la sobrevida global y libre de enfermedad según método de Kaplan-Meier. Encuentra que un total de 100 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de selección, la sobrevida libre de enfermedad a 5 años fue de 42% post quimioterapia más trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos. La sobrevida libre de enfermedad a 5 años fue de 11% post quimioterapia. Se observa una sobrevida global a 5 años post quimioterapia más trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos fue 79%, en comparación al 48% de los que solo recibieron Quimioterapia. Además, el costo total de realizar el trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos asciende a $285,857 versus $264,140 con quimioterapia. Concluye que la eficacia clínica del trasplante alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos como tratamiento de pacientes adultos portadores de leucemia linfática aguda, ha demostrado ser mejor en cuanto costo-efectividad comparado con las obtenidas solo con tratamiento quimioterápicos.
Tesis
Blanes, Company Margarita. "Quimioterapia a altas dosis y trasplante autólogo de progenitores hematopoyéticos en pacientes con mieloma múltiple. Evaluación de busulfán intravenoso y melfalán como régimen de acondicionamiento." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399218.
Full textAutologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) has been one of the most important advances in the treatment of young patients with multiple myeloma (MM) but, in spite of the achievements reached with ASCT as first-line of treatment, it is not a curative procedure. With the aim of improving the results of ASCT, and after the available data with the combination of oral busulfan (BU) and melphalan (MEL), we proposed the use of an alternative preparative regimen to standard single agent melphalan (dose 200 mg/m2) (MEL200). This regimen combined melphalan and busulfan administered intravenously (BU(iv)MEL), which may reduce toxicity associated with oral BU. In this thesis the results of a phase II study are analyzed, in which BU(iv) (a single dose 3.2 mg/kg/day from day −5 to −3) and MEL (140 mg/m2 on day −2) was used as conditioning regimen before ASCT in patients with MM. In the first article, 55 patients in first-line or relapsed were included, who received conventional chemotherapy as first-line induction. After demonstrating with this study the feasibility of the regimen, in the second study we compared 51 patients with newly diagnosed MM treated with BU(iv)MEL with 102 controls who received MEL200. The matching of control group was performed according to age, clinical stage at diagnosis and response to induction treatment. In this study all patients also received conventional chemotherapy as induction. After checking that the toxicity profile of BU(iv)MEL was similar to that observed with MEL200 and that its anti-myeloma efficacy was not inferior, the study was extended to a third study in which the impact of BU(iv)MEL in 47 patients with newly diagnosed MM treated with bortezomib-based combinations as induction therapy were evaluated. Hematopoietic reconstitution was observed in every patient. Mucositis and febrile neutropenia were the most frequently toxicities observed with BU(iv)MEL. In the comparison study BU(iv)MEL and MEL200, the incidence of mucositis was higher with BU(iv)MEL. The incidence of hepatic toxicity was also higher with BU(iv)MEL than with MEL200 but it was grade I-II and reversible without the need for specific treatment in all cases. No cases of hepatic sinusoidal occlusive syndrome were observed. Transplant-related mortality was 3.6% and 4% in the first and second study, respectively and with no significant differences regarding MEL200. There were only two treatment-related deaths, the infection was the cause of death in both cases. BU(iv)MEL increased the very good partial response rate or better by between 29% and 38.5% in the different studies. The time to progression rate per year in the first study was 87%. In the case-control study with a median follow-up of 50 and 63 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was of 33 and 24 months, respectively. Finally, in the third study with a median follow-up of 24.5 months the median SLP was not been reached. As anti-myeloma conditioning regimen, BU(iv)MEL is a well-tolerated and with high antitumor activity, this supports the development of randomized trials to confirm that the benefits observed in this thesis are reproduced in the current context of treatment of young patients with MM.
Fernández, Avilés Francesc. "Estudio secuencial y cuantitativo del quimerismo hemopoyético en pacientes sometidos a un trasplante alogénico de progenitores hemopoyéticos con depleción linfoide T o con acondicionamiento sub-mieloablativo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2170.
Full textPara ello se ha estudiado el quimerismo hemopoyético en dos grupos de pacientes:
1. Pacientes tratados con un trasplante alogénico en el que se eliminan de forma parcial los linfocitos T del inóculo (alo-TSP/ELT) mediante selección positiva de las células CD34+.
2. Pacientes que recibieron un trasplante alogénico con acondicionamiento de intensidad reducida de tipo "no mieloablativo" (alo-TIR "no mieloablativo").
En nuestros estudios hemos aplicado una técnica molecular basada en la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para el análisis automatizado de fragmentos de ADN repetitivos en tandem o microsatélites (PCR/STR multiplex), la cual permite analizar cuál es el componente del donante y del receptor en diferentes líneas celulares, así como un estudio cuantitativo de cada una de ellas. Las muestras analizadas fueron obtenidas de forma secuencial a partir de la sangre periférica. Para el análisis del quimerismo mediante PCR/STR utilizamos un preparado comercial (AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus PCR; Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, CT, USA) que analiza nueve STR: D3S1358, vWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, y un segmento del gen de la amelogenina para distinguir el cromosoma X o Y. La separación y detección de los productos amplificados por PCR se llevó a cabo mediante un secuenciador automático de ADN (ABI Prism 310 automated DNA sequencer; Applied Biosystems). El tamaño de los fragmentos se detecta automáticamente mediante dos métodos informáticos (ABI Prism GeneScan 2.0 y GenoTyper; Applied Biosystems). La tinción con diferentes colores permite identificar alelos de tamaño muy similar. Por último, la cuantificación del quimerismo mixto se efectúa calculando el porcentaje de componente del donante y del receptor utilizando unas fórmulas matemáticas específicas. Se considera quimerismo mixto cuando el porcentaje de linfocitos T o de neutrófilos del receptor es superior al 5%. La sensibilidad de la PCR/STR se sitúa entre el 1-5%.
Las conclusiones de los dos estudios incluidos en esta Tesis Doctoral fueron:
1. La técnica de la PCR/STR permite realizar un análisis secuencial y cuantitativo del quimerismo hemopoyético tras el trasplante alogénico de progenitores hemopoyéticos con un nivel de sensibilidad suficiente.
2. La eliminación de linfocitos T del producto de leucaféresis mediante selección positiva de las células CD34+ se asocia a un aumento significativo de la frecuencia de quimerismo mixto en linfocitos T, el cual puede ser predictivo de fallo de implante. En este mismo contexto, el quimerismo mixto mieloide se asocia a recidiva leucémica en pacientes con hemopatías malignas que afectan a esta línea celular (ej. leucemia mieloide crónica).
3. El régimen de acondicionamiento "no mieloablativo" con fludarabina e irradiación corporal total 2 Gy permite alcanzar un implante hemopoyético completo y mantenido, pero con un retraso significativo del injerto en el compartimiento linfoide T, por lo que puede ser útil en pacientes con enfermedades malignas con índice proliferativo bajo o en remisión, pero ineficaz para el control de enfermedades hematológicas malignas en progresión.
Osma, Córdoba María del Mar. "Estudio de los progenitores hematopoyéticos en el trasplante autogénico en pacientes con carcinoma de mama. Study of the hematopoietic progenitors in patients with breast cancer undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96058.
Full textIn the setting of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT), fifty patients diagnosed with breast cancer were included in a prospective study evaluating the bone marrow (BM) CD34+/CD71- cell content, as a predictive parameter of the CD34 cell mobilization after rhG-CSF. We also analyzed data to compare post APBSCT rhG-CSF administration in terms of the short-term benefit and myeloid marrow regeneration after 1 year. Post-APBSCT rhG-CSF was shown to accelerate neutrophil recovery, but there were no significant differences in platelet recovery, transfusion requirements, days of fever, antibiotic administration or inhospital stay. With regard to BM hematopoietic precursors 1 year after APBSCT, significantly lower concentrations of total CD34+ cells, committed CD34+/CD33+ subsets, and more immature CD34+/CD71- cells, were found in patients treated with rhG-CSF compared with patients not having received the cytokine. Post-APBSCT rhG-CSF administration does not appear to beneficially affect procedure outcome, but might even impair long-term marrow hematopoiesis.
Bonifacio, Mundaca Jenny Katherine. "Utilidad del parámetro hematológico automatizado: “fracción de plaquetas inmaduras (% FPI)”, en la evaluación de la eficacia del trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos en pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas periodo de agosto -diciembre del 2018." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11218.
Full textTesis