Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trastornos en el'
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Jiménez-Murcia, Susana. "Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y trastornos de la alimentación: estudio comparativo de casos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5453.
Full textObjective: This study attempted to determine whether Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (OCDs) and Eating Disorders (EDs) share a series of clinical and psychopathological traits. Methods: The sample consisted of 90 female patients (30 OCD; 30 AN and 30 BN), who had been consecutively admitted to our unit. All subjects met DSM-IV criteria for those pathologies. For the assessment, commonly applied questionnaires in the field of EDs and OCDs were utilised [Maudsley Obsessional- Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Questionnaire of obsessive traits and personality from Vallejo (CRPO), Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)].Results: ANOVA and ANCOVA (with the variables age and BMI taking part in the model as covariates) revealed a number of significant differences between OCD and ED: obsessive-compulsive symptoms (MOCI, p<.001), eating symptoms (EAT, p<.0001) and eating psychopathology (EDI, p<.0001). There were two personality traits that appears not to be ED specific (perfectionism and interpersonal distrust). In the OCD group, 16,7% presented a comorbid ED, whereas 15% of ED had also OCD. In ED patients, the level of obsessionality was positively associated (r=0.64, p<.001) with the severity of the eating symptomatology. Conclusion: Although some OCD and ED are sharing common traits, the main finding in this study indicates that both disorders seem to be from a clinical as well as from a psychopathological point of view different.
Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, Eating Disorders, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa.
Martín, Romera Virginia. "Comorbilidad del trastorno negativista desafiante y los trastornos de ansiedad en preescolares." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/394068.
Full textOppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a clinical condition of early onset during early childhood, which tends to persist throughout childhood and adolescence. ODD diagnosis is based on clinical identification of a recurring pattern of confrontation, hostility and opposition behavior to the contextual rules. It is common during the ODD course the presence of other comorbidities, especially disruptive disorders and/or conduct disorder, and also, though less frequently, anxiety disorders (AD). However, there are few empirical studies to estimate the frequency of ODD and AD (ODD+AD) comorbidity during the preschool stage, the potential risk factors for this comorbidity at an early age and the role of executive functions. This thesis dissertation includes three manuscripts with three empirical works, which main objectives are: 1) To estimate the frequency of the concurrent comorbidity ODD+AD in preschoolers of the Spanish general population, cross-sectional and longitudinally at ages 3 and 5 years old, and to assess how this clinical condition affects everyday life. 2) To explore the main risk factors to develop ODD+AD comorbidity during preschool age in the general Spanish population. 3) To analyze the impairment in executive functioning in preschool children diagnosed of comorbidity ODD+AD. As a secondary objective, this thesis addresses the potential moderator role of children’s sex into the analyzed relationships. So the works 1 to 3 include interaction terms-parameters to assess this possible effect. The studies include a large sample of children (n=622) who were longitudinally assessed during the preschool age through questionnaire and diagnostic interview. Reports obtained from primary caretakers, teachers and the own subjects were analyzed. The results obtained in the three empirical works presented in this thesis provide empirical evidence about the relevance of the association between ODD+AD during the preschool stage, its main predictor variables (risk factors) and the extent to which this comorbidity affects life children and their families. This information is of considerable help to improve early detection of this comorbid condition, to develop screening and diagnostic instruments and to develop specific and valid preventive and therapeutic intervention programs.
Cornejo, Alegría Alejandro. "Musicoterapia en trastornos conductuales de la infancia. Aplicación en Trastorno Negativista Desafiante." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101369.
Full textGallego, Moreno Xavier. "Genes candidatos para la comorbilidad entre trastornos de ansiedad y trastornos adictivos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/899.
Full text1) HIPÓTESIS:
La comorbilidad entre trastornos de ansiedad y de abuso de sustancias es un hecho bien establecido y que tiene importantes implicaciones clínicas, terapéuticas y pronósticas. Si bien los mecanismos patogenéticos de cada uno de estos trastornos por separado se conocen relativamente bien, el mecanismo que subyace a la comorbilidad no está bien delimitado. Se ha propuesto la existencia de factores genéticos, neurobiológicos y/o ambientales comunes a ambos trastornos, pero todavía no está claro qué genes podrían estar implicados o ser predisponenentes a esta comorbilidad. Nosotros proponemos que los factores genéticos de susceptibilidad para la patología dual deberían modular componentes de desarrollo, y componentes funcionales, que están implicados en la coexistencia entre ambos trastornos. Por esta razón el trabajo, se centra en genes de dos familias: el receptor de la neurotrofina-3 (NTRK3) y un cluster que contiene los genes de las subunidades, α3, α5, β4 de receptores nicotínicos (CHRNA3/A5/B4). Así, NTRK3 podría participar en el desarrollo y los mecanismos adaptativos a través de su implicación en proliferación, diferenciación y plasticidad neuronal, mientras que el cluster CHRNA3/A5/B4 podría estar implicado en la activación de circuitos neuronales específicos que podrían ser comunes a ambos trastornos.
2) OBJETIVOS:
El objetivo general de esta tesis ha consistido en el estudio de la posible implicación funcional de los genes objeto de estudio en elementos de la comorbilidad entre trastornos de ansiedad y abuso de sustancias mediante el uso de ratones transgénicos como modelo de aproximación experimental. Para ello hemos caracterizado el impacto de la sobreexpresión in vivo de los genes NTRK3 y CHRNA3/A5/B4 sobre el fenotipo conductual, neuromorfológico y neurofisiológico.
Dado que intentamos comprender los mecanismos implicados en la comorbilidad entre el abuso de drogas y los trastornos de ansiedad, pero también delimitar las regiones cerebrales responsables de la co-ocurrencia de estos dos trastornos se han realizado estudios conductuales, farmacológicos con drogas de abuso como morfina o nicotina, y experimentos de caracterización histológica y molecular.
3) CONCLUSIONES:
Como conclusión general, los resultados obtenidos demuestran que alteraciones en los niveles de expresión de genes tan diferentes como los factores neurotróficos o los receptores nicotínicos, pueden modificar la actividad de regiones cerebrales implicadas en la aparición simultánea de diferentes trastornos psiquiátricos. De nuestros experimentos se desprende que el sistema mesocorticolímbico, junto con regiones troncoencefálicas como el LC, jugaría un papel clave en la comorbilidad de trastornos como la ansiedad, la adicción o la epilepsia. Un mecanismo de convergencia podría depender de los cambios en receptores glutamatérgicos, que son elementos clave en la plasticidad neuronal. Nuestros resultados apoyan la naturaleza poligénica de la patología dual y sugieren que los cambios de dosis de determinados genes podrían ejercer un papel esencial en la morbilidad de la misma.
This Doctoral Thesis has been focused on understanding the mechanisms and the cerebral regions implicated in the commorbidity between drug abuse and anxiety disorders. To this aim we have focused on two families of genes that may act as genetic interface to the commorbidity between these neuropsychiatric disorders: 1/ neurotrophins, that may interfere in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity, and 2/ elements of specific neurotransmitter systems such as nicotinic receptors, that have been implicated in addiction and anxiety, previously demonstrated by pharmacological studies. Our hypothesis proposes the existence of a development component and a functional component in the generation of an addictive and anxious brain. To this study we used two mouse models: 1/ A transgenic mouse model overexpressing the neurotrophin-3 receptor, TrkC (TgNTRK3), since it has been implicated in plasticity, proliferation and cellular differentiation with a possible pathogenetic intervention in the dual pathology, such as the noradrenergic system, and 2/ A transgenic mouse model overexpressing the α3, α5, β4 nicotinic receptor subunits (TgCHRNA3/A5/B4), candidates to the development of psychiatric disorders and addiction. To determine the gene overexpression effects on the appearance of this dual pathology we have performed pharmacological studies using drug abuse, such as nicotine and morphine. The results obtained suggest that alterations in the expression levels of these genes could be modifying the activity of different cerebral regions responsible for the commorbidity between both disorders in transgenic mouse models. Thus, our experiments suggest that the mesocorticolimbic system, as well brainstem regions, such as the Locus coeruleus, would play a key role in the commorbidity between anxiety and addiction. That could be due to alterations on glutamatergic receptors, key elements in neuronal plasticity.
Perez, Luna Rafajlovski Parashkeva. "Alexitimia en trastornos alimenticios." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/5548.
Full textThe present study attempted to compare Alexithymia and its characteristics between a clinical group made up of patients with Eating Disorders (ED) and a control group with no diagnosed mental conditions. 38 participants presenting Eating Disorders, who were found in two hospital institutions and were in the 20-22 age group, were evaluated. Non-parametrical tests were used for the treatment of data. The hypothesis set forth is that patients with ED who participated in this investigation could present Alexithymia due to the difficulty in fully recognizing or identifying what occurs within them. The results showed that patients with ED achieved scores higher in the Alexithymia scale, in comparison with the control group. Similarities were found between the characteristics of EDs and Alexithymia, such as the three factors determined in the TAS, the impulsiveness manifested in the taking of rash decisions, and the tendency to establish stereotypical interpersonal relationships. The conclusion, then, is that there is a great similarity between EDs and Alexithymia, and just as was initially considered, there is an increase in Alexithymia levels between patients with EDs.
Tesis
Siles, Joana, Belén Subia, and Ingrid Reynaga. "Trastornos visuales en enfermería." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería, 2014. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/9520.
Full textFil: Siles, Joana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
Fil: Subia, Belén. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
Fil: Reynaga, Ingrid. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Enfermería..
Águila, Zúñiga Alejandro Ricardo. "El fenómeno obsesivo en esquizofrenia pseudobsesiva. Aproximaciones hacia la comprensión del fenómeno obsesivo compulsivo en la psicosis esquizofrénica desde una perspectiva psicoanalítica." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145808.
Full textLas manifestaciones obsesivas compulsivas en casos de psicosis esquizofrénica, lo cual no es poco frecuente, complican la acostumbrada comprensión y al mismo tiempo división entre psicosis y neurosis, tanto desde el paradigma médico psiquiátrico, como desde el psicoanalítico. El problema de lo obsesivo en lo esquizofrénico se trata, en esta tesis, a través de una revisión bibliográfica; tomando de base las nociones teóricas psiquiátricas clásicas y actuales en torno al problema del fenómeno esquizobsesivo. Luego mediante la revisión de las perspectivas psicoanalíticas freudiana y lacaniana estructuralista, se logra una aproximación hacia la comprensión del fenómeno obsesivo compulsivo en la psicosis esquizofrénica. La tesis planteada, es que el retorno del significante del carácter arbitrario de la ley es lo central en el fenómeno obsesivo en esquizofrenia. La obsesión en esquizofrenia no representa una metáfora sustitutiva, sino es la traducción del goce determinado desde el inconsciente
Daigre, Blanco Constanza. "Relación entre los trastornos por uso de sustancias y el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad en adultos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283526.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral thesis, presented as an aggregation of articles, is to analyze the relationship between substance use disorders (SUD) and adult attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). Indeed are an update of the scientific literature, the study of the ASRS questionnaire psychometric properties and the psychiatric comorbidity analysis of patients with cocaine dependence and ADHD. The first articles focus on the literature reviewed; the first one discusses the characteristics of the comorbidity between ADHD and different SUD. The other one focuses specifically on the relationship between Central Nervous System Depressants dependence and ADHD. It has been reported that ADHD is more frequent in people with substance use disorders than in general population. This comorbidity is characterized by difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. The third article, where the validity of ASRS (Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale) in addicted patients is analyzed, it was observed that the percentage of sensitivity is adequate (87.5 %) and only moderate specificity (68.8 %). It is concluded that the ASRS which has correct properties, is a simple screening tool and on acceptable validity for the identification of ADHD among addicted patients. However, as in the fourth article is described, the complementary use of WURS and ASRS, as a strategy for the evaluation of ADHD symptoms in childhood and adulthood, is very useful in the clinical practice, because the psychometric properties are substantially improved using both scales. The aim of last article of this thesis is to analyze the psychiatric comorbidity and clinical features of cocaine-dependent patients with adult ADHD. We found that a history of behavioral disorder in childhood, a lifetime history of cannabis dependence, and age of first treatment were independently associated with ADHD. Finally, it is concluded that in cocaine-dependent adults, the comorbidity with ADHD is associated with increased psychiatric comorbidity and a greater severity of addiction. Overall, addicted patients with ADHD tend to present higher psychiatric comorbidity and the addiction usually is expressed with greater severity.
Iraola, Guzmán Susana. "AnáIisis de la herencia epigenética en trastornos neurológicos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101096.
Full textNeurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), represent a major issue of public health in developing countries where the aging of the population is leading to a progressive increase of its prevalence rates. Currently, several therapeutic strategies help to palliate clinical symptoms, but the neurodegeneration is progressive and irreversible. Identification of underlying mechanisms leading to these disorders is essential to improve patient's life expectancy and quality. In this context, many efforts have been focused on identifying genetics and environment causes of these disorders with little success, highlighting the need to evaluate new mechanisms and factors involved. The present thesis project has explored the implication of new mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and somatic mosaicism in AD and PD. The analysis of DNA methylation was performed with a new methylation array technology: 'HumanMethylation' (27K and 450K, IlIumina), whose probes strategically distributed along the human genome, enables to quantify the methylation state of around 27,000 and 450,000 CpG sites, respectively. The pattern of methylation of 60 subjects (28 AD, 3 PD and 29 unaffected) with four to seven brain regions (cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, pons, substantia nigra and cerebellum) has been assessed. The study has shown three ma in clusters depending on gender (female/male), brain area (cerebellum vs others) and disease stage (AD3 vs AD4). In addition, a' differential analysis performed in individual CpG sites proved the presence of significant differences associated to AD patient's cerebellum (1112 CpG sites, p<0.01). Somatic mosaicism analysis has been carried out with a 'SurePrint G3 human CGH array 400K' (Agilent) to detect intra-individual genomic gains and losses compared to cerebellum. A total of two cortex samples showed a genomic gain in the WWOX gene, whereas only one sample showed a gain on ADAM5P3A. WWOX has been considered as a potential candidate gene in previous AD studies, and was further analyzed in a larger cohort of human brain samples. Genotyping assays did not confirm the presence of new somatic mosaicism cases, but it was possible to determine the genotype distribution and compared data between samples. A significant hypomethylation of the WWOX promoter region was observed in AD patients compared to controls subjects (T-test, p<0.05) in 14 probes, suggesting a potential regulation of expression by methylation. Overall, these results highlight the implication of epigenetic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders, as AD. In particular, it is remarkable the specific pattern of methylation in the cerebellum in intermediate stages of AD, suggesting an overlap with early modifications, which could contribute to unraveling new mechanisms implicated in AD.
Ventura, Bances Magaly Paola. "Eficacia de un programa de intervención grupal cognitivo-conductual para disminuir el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en pacientes del Puesto de Salud Las Dunas-Surco." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/618.
Full textThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a Group Cognitive Intervention Program - to reduce the Behavioral generalized anxiety disorder. The group treatment lasted one month (two weekly sessions). Participants 30 women aged between 20 to 60 years, with generalized anxiety, which were designated the experimental group at 15 and 15 to the control group. Was used as the scale of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), which ran the respective psychometric analysis. The methodological design quasi experimental measurements pretest and post test. The results showed significant differences in favor of the experimental group, concluding that the intervention program Grupal Cognitive - Behavioral successfully reduce generalized anxiety disorder.
Tesis
Ciudad, Valls Iván. "La jardineria urbana y los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en España." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/311799.
Full textEl presente trabajo corresponde a un estudio de carácter exploratorio acerca de las razones o cogniciones que diferentes grupos de interés cercanos a los jardineros tienen como explicación a los trastornos musculoesqueléticos que sufren estos. Sus objetivos buscan responder a la interrogante de qué tipo de razones ofrecen estos grupos frente a dicha problemática, qué hacen que evitar los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en jardineros, cuáles consideran que son las principales causas y qué medidas preventivas proponen. Se desarrolla bajo una metodología cualitativa de investigación, con muestras seleccionadas de manera participativo intencíonal, utilizando el cuestionario y la entrevista grupal como técnicas de recolección de datos y el programa ATLAS.TI para el análisis e interpretación de los mismos. Los resultados de este estudio pueden constituir un aporte al conocimiento de la jardinería para el desarrollo de ulteriores programas de prevención de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en jardineros, que comprometan a los diferentes grupos de interés a fin de permitir una mejora en las condiciones de trabajo de estos.
El present treball correspon a un estudi de caràcter exploratori sobre les raons o cognicions que diferents grups d'interès propers als jardiners tenen com a explicació als trastorns musculoesquelètics que sofreixen aquests. Els seus objectius busquen respondre a la interrogant de quin tipus de raons ofereixen aquests grups enfront d'aquesta problemàtica, què fan que evitar els trastorns musculoesquelèticos en jardiners, quins consideren que són les principals causes i quines mesures preventives proposen. Es desenvolupa sota una metodologia qualitativa de recerca, amb mostres seleccionades de manera participativa-intencional, utilitzant el qüestionari i l’entrevista grupal com a tècniques de recol·lecció de dades i el programa ATLAS.TI per a l'anàlisi i interpretació dels mateixos. Els resultats d'aquest estudi poden constituir una aportació al coneixement de la jardineria per al desenvolupament d'ulteriors programes de prevenció de trastorns musculoesquelèticos en jardiners, que comprometin als diferents grups d'interès a fi de permetre una millora en les condicions de treball d'aquests
Caballero, de García Elba Noemí. "Papel del gas ingerido en los trastornos funcionales digestivo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671056.
Full textLos trastornos funcionales digestivos (TFD) afectan al 30 % de la población general, son la causa más frecuente de consulta en gastroenterología, y suponen una gran carga económica tanto por gastos sanitarios directos como indirectos. Los síntomas relacionados con gas son los más frecuentemente referidos por estos pacientes. Éstos incluyen tanto síntomas relacionados con una evacuación excesiva de gases, principalmente eructos excesivos, y/o flatos, y síntomas relacionados con la retención de gases, como hinchazón o distensión abdominal. Actualmente a pesar de que cada día se ingieren grandes cantidades de gas, y de que el nitrógeno (principal gas ingerido) es el gas mayoritario en el tubo digestivo, desconocemos el papel del gas atmosférico en el desarrollo de síntomas en pacientes con trastornos funcionales digestivos. El objetivo de esta tesis fue determinar el papel que juega el gas proveniente de la ingesta en el desarrollo de síntomas abdominales en los pacientes con trastornos funcionales digestivos. Para ello, desarrollamos de forma consecutiva 3 protocolos independientes: Inicialmente se realizó un estudio prospectivo con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de degluciones gaseosas en condiciones de vida normales. Para ello, se realizó una pH-impendaciometria de 24 hs a un grupo de pacientes con eructos excesivos comparados con una cohorte de sujetos control sin síntomas digestivos, cuantificando el número y contenido de las degluciones, así como el número y tipo de los eructos. Observamos que en condiciones normales se producen un gran número de degluciones durante la ingesta (72±8), y que estas contienen mayoritariamente gas. Además, los pacientes con eructos excesivos presentan un patrón deglutorio diferente durante la ingesta, con una mayor frecuencia de degluciones gaseosas. En base a los resultados obtenidos en el primer estudio, diseñamos un estudio dosis-respuesta con el objetivo de conocer las respuestas adaptativas normales y la tolerancia al gas gástrico en sujetos sanos, sin síntomas digestivos. Para ello, desarrollamos una metodología con infusión directa de gas en el estómago y medición de la eliminación rectal del gas, cuantificación de los eructos producidos, y medición de los síntomas epigástricos y abdominales en respuesta a la infusión de 1500 mL de gas en el estómago. Observamos que a velocidades de infusión similares a una ingesta normal (25-100 ml/min), el gas gástrico se expulsa mayoritariamente por vía rectal con una mínima producción de eructos y síntomas abdominales leves. Solamente cuando el gas es infundido a gran velocidad(400 mL/min) el reflejo del eructo se activa a volúmenes de gas inferiores para prevenir el desarrollo de síntomas abdominales. Finalmente, una vez conocidas las respuestas adaptativas normales a incrementos del volumen de gas gástrico en individuos sanos, en un tercer estudio estudiamos las respuestas al gas gástrico en grupos de pacientes con trastornos funcionales digestivos utilizando la misma metodología desarrollada anteriormente. Los pacientes con diferentes trastornos funcionales gastrointestinales mostraron respuestas diferenciales a la infusión de gas gástrico: los pacientes con dispepsia funcional muestran hipersenbilidad al gas con evacuación final de gas y eructos similares a sujetos sanos; los pacientes con eructos excesivos responden a gran incremento en el número de eructos y una leve reducción final del gas rectal evacuado que previenen la percepción de síntomas epigástricos, y los pacientes con distensión abdominal funcional presentan un tránsito de gas lento con una evacuación rectal de gas disminuida que se asocia a síntomas abdominales sostenidos, sin eructos. Conclusión final de la tesis es que el gas ingerido puede jugar un papel fisiopatológico importante en el desarrollo de los síntomas abdominal especifico.
Functional gut disorders affect about 30 % of the general population. They are the most common cause of consultation in gastroenterology, and produce a huge economic burden, both by direct as well as indirect costs. Gas-related symptoms are the predominant symptoms referred by patients. These include symptoms related to excessive gas evacuation, mainly excessive belching, and / or flatus, and symptoms related to gas retention, such as bloating or abdominal distention. Today, but despite the fact that large amounts of gas are swallows every day, and that nitrogen (the main gas ingested) is gas majority in the digestive tract, we do not know the role of atmospheric gas in the development of symptoms in patients with functional digestive disorders but the role of atmospheric gas, the major component of intestinal gas, is virtually unknown. Therefore, our aim of was to determine the role that gastric gas plays in the development of abdominal symptoms in patients with functional digestive disorders. For this, we consecutively developed 3 independent protocols: Initially, a prospective study was carried out with the objective of determining the frequency of gas swallows under normal living conditions. To do this, a 24-hour pH-impedance test was performed in a group of patients with excessive belching compared with a cohort of control subjects without digestive symptoms, quantifying the number and content of swallows, as well as the number and type of belching. We observe that under normal conditions a large number of swallows occur during ingestion (72 ± 8), and that these contain mostly gas. In addition, patients with excessive belching present a different swallowing pattern during ingestion, with a higher frequency of gas swallows, that correlate with a higher number of belching of gastric origin. Based on the results obtained in the first study, we designed a doseresponse study with the aim of knowing the normal adaptive responses and tolerance to gastric gas in healthy subjects, without digestive symptoms. To do this, we developing a methodology with direct gas infusion into the stomach to study the management of gastric gas in healthy people and measurement of rectal gas evacuation, numbers of belching and measurement of epigastric and abdominal symptoms in response to the infusion of 1500 mL of gas into the stomach. We observed that at similar infusion rates to a normal intake (25-100 ml / min), gastric gas is mainly expelled rectally with minimal belching (4 ± 1) and mild abdominal symptoms. Only when gas is infused at high speed (400 mL / min) does the belching reflex activate at lower gas volumes to prevent the development of abdominal symptoms. Finally, once known the normal adaptive responses to increases in gastric gas volume in healthy subjects, in a third study we studied the responses to gastric gas in groups of patients with functional gut disorders using the same methodology developed in the second study. Unlike healthy subjects, patients with different functional gastrointestinal disorders showed differential responses to gastric gas infusion: patients with functional dyspepsia show hypersensitivity to gas, with final rectal gas evacuation and belching similar to healthy subjects; patients with excessive belching respond with a large increase in the number of belches and a mild final reduction in evacuated rectal gas that prevent perception of epigastric symptoms, and patients with functional abdominal distention present an alteration in gas transit that produces gas retention with decreased rectal gas evacuation, that is not compensated by an increase in the number of belches and it is associated with sustained abdominal symptoms. The final conclusion of the thesis is that swallows gas can play an important pathophysiological role in the development of specific abdominal symptoms in patients with different functional gut disorders.
Peña, Vásquez Peri Madesha Consuelo. "Centro de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación para trastornos motores." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273378.
Full textHerrera, Kalincausky Isaac. "Propiedades psicométricas de la escala trastorno antisocial del MCMI-III en reclusos adultos." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7206.
Full textTwo of the major problems within the Peruvian reality are violence and crime. The evidence is the increasing number of felonies and the rising of the prison population. In this context, it is necessary to have reliable tools to measure the personality pathology related to antisocial behavior. This instrumental study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of Internal Validity and Reliability of the Scale of Antisocial Personality Disorder in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III). The final sample was taken from 66 young adult male inmates (M=25.44; DE=3.51) from a prison in the city of Lima. Reliability analysis through the joint covariance method yielded a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of .729 for Antisocial Disorder Scale, showing an appropriate level of reliability. In turn, analysis of internal validity through correlations item-tests (Pearson) showed correlation coefficients ranging between .096 and .499 for the scale of 17 items. In addition, a removing items process is conducted to promote the reliability of the scale. The Resulting scale consisted of 10 items, whose item-test correlations ranged between .352 and .527, raising the reliability coefficient of .775. Further more, the prevalence of antisocial symptoms in the population, appearing in 27.3% of cases was estimated. These results let on to discuss the scope and limitations of the Scale of Antisocial Personality Disorder of the MCMI-III with regard to the measurement of the antisocial construct.
Tesis
Peña, Salazar Carlos. "El Infradiagnóstico de los trastornos psiquiátricos en la población con discapacidad intelectual. La relación entre la enfermedad mental y los trastornos de conducta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458124.
Full textIntroducción: Se presenta una investigación pionera en la que se analiza la enfermedad mental, los trastornos de comportamiento y la calidad de vida en 142 usuarios con diferentes grados de DI. Metodología: Para el estudio de la enfermedad mental se utilizaron las escalas PAS-ADD y DASH-II, para las alteraciones de comportamiento el inventario ICAP y para la calidad de vida la GENCAT y QUALID . Resultados: El 29,57% de los usuarios presentaron un trastorno psiquiátrico no conocido. El trastorno depresivo fue el más prevalente en DI leve/moderada y el trastorno de ansiedad en DI grave/profunda. Las personas con DI y graves alteraciones de comportamiento presentaron más trastornos psiquiátricos y una peor calidad de vida. Conclusión: Los trastornos psiquiátricos son más frecuentes en la población con DI que en población general, aumentando su prevalencia en la DI severa/profunda. La calidad de vida se ve afectada por las alteraciones de conducta, no por la enfermedad mental.
Introduction: Introduces pioneering research that analyses mental illnesses, behavioural disorders and quality of life of 142 users with different levels of ID. Methodology: The PAS-ADD and DASH-II scales were used to study mental illnesses, the ICAP Inventory for behavioural disorders, and GENCAT and QUALID for quality of life. Results: 29.57% of the users had an unknown psychiatric disorder. Depressive disorder was the most prevalent among those with mild/moderate ID and anxiety was the most prevalent among those with serious/profound ID. Those with ID and serious behavioural disorders presented the most psychiatric disorders and had the lowest quality of life. Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders are more frequent in the ID population than in the general population, with the highest frequency in those with severe/profound ID. Quality of life is affected by behavioural alterations but not by mental illness.
Bardales, Cáceres Ana Leonor. "Principales características a nivel de la expresión oral y de la comprensión auditiva en niños diagnosticados con disfasia o TEL." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/984.
Full textTesis
Kahn, Santoro Valentina, and Espinosa Valentina Richter. "Edad de desarrollo psicomotor y probabilidad de disfunción del procesamiento sensorial en niños de 4 años de edad de jardines infantiles de la junji en la comuna de la Pintana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117053.
Full textThe following study had as objective establish the psychomotor development age and describe the high probability of sensory processing dysfunction in four years old children, on kindergartens named “Lobito Bueno”, “Luz del mañana” and “Pupeñi”, located on “La Pintana” belonging to “Junta Nacional de Jardines Infantiles”. The research design was nonexperimental, cross-sectional and descriptive. The study sample was 54 children, of which 24 were females and 30 males, which were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria described in the study. It was applied the “Ozeretzki-Guilmain Test” and “Evaluation of Sensory Processing Disorder” to kids and parents respectively. The result’s analysis was calculated by the percentage of children whit psychomotor developmental age higher or lower than chronological age, and also by the percentage distribution by high probability and not high probability of sensory processing dysfunction. The results showed a 44.4% of the sample with a psychomotor development age lower than chronological age, while 33.3% with high probability of sensory processing dysfunction. Furthermore there were differences between the three kindergartens in study, where “Lobito Bueno” showed the highest child´s percentage with psychomotor development age lower than chronological age, and “Luz del Mañana” the highest child´s percentage with high probability of sensory processing dysfunction, these being 50% and 40% respectively. In conclusion, both percentages, the children with psychomotor developmental age lower than chronological age, as the high probability of sensory processing dysfunction were high and greater than those shown in previous studies internationally.
Zevallos, Delzo Carolina Mercedes, and Villasante Manuel M. Catacora. "Influencia de los factores socioculturales en el Trastorno de Conducta Alimentaria." Sociedad de Neurología, Psiquiatría y Neurocirugía, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/561283.
Full textBorra, Vegas Cristina. "El atracón y sus trastornos: características psicopatológicas e implicaciones diagnósticas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10165.
Full textDespite that binge eating is recognized as a clinically relevant phenomenon, thefact that it appears associated with various types of disorders has not helped to clearlyconceptualize it. To this end, the overall objective of this work is the comparativeanalysis of the characteristics of patients with ED who suffer from binge eating and thestudy of similarities and differences with other patients who do not.Four groups were formed with a total sample of 78 women; 35 were diagnosedwith Eating Disorders subdivided into two groups according to whether they"objectively" suffered from binge eating or not: 25 with Binge Eating (19 BN + 6EDNOS) and 10 with Restrictive Eating (3 AN + 7 EDNOS). 11 Suffered from obesity,and 32 were from the general population. Secondary psychopathological, alimentarypsychopathological and body image evaluation measures were utilized.We carried out a Multivariate Variance Analysis for each of the questionnairesadministered in order to evaluate what binge eating adds to the psychopathology of aperson that is suffering from it. The results indicate that the presence of binge eatingaggravates secondary psychopathology, alimentary psychopathology and implies apoor body image. In conclusion, it is important to take the results into account due tothe fact that they represent a contribution of serious importance, and future researchmust be developed in order to make good diagnostic and clinical criteria available tohelp people suffering from binge eating.
Franco, López Marilú. "Estrés y sintomatología de trastornos alimenticios en adolescentes de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/5100.
Full textThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between stress and symptoms of eating disorders (TA) in adolescent, boys and girls, who are between 14 and 18 years old. For this purpose, the sample was composed by 208 students in fourth and fifth grade of high school. The Eating Disorder Inventory EDI-2 (Garner, Olmsted y Polivy, 1991) was used, as well as the Problems Questionnaire PQ (Seiffge-Krenke, 1995). We found that body dissatisfaction, bulimic behavior and obsession with thinness correlate to greater stress related to future problems and peer problems in girls, whilst in boys, body dissatisfaction, bulimic behavior and obsession with thinness increases with problems related to oneself. In addition, gender and body mass index generated differences in stress and eating disorder symptoms. Women present greater ED symptoms and stress levels. Additionally, adolescents who are overweight, are more dissatisfied with their bodies, and those with normal-weight perceive more stress related to interpersonal problems.
Tesis
Ahumada, Donoso Vanessa. "T.C.A : centro de tratamiento de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115751.
Full textAdrados, Arenal Violeta. "Emoción expresada familiar en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/136433.
Full textEn el interior de los sistemas familiares, se desarrollan diversas dinámicas, que constituyen diferentes formas de funcionamiento, que pueden generar o mantener determinados trastornos psicológicos. La Emoción Expresada es un modelo que progresivamente ha ido adquiriendo mayor importancia dentro de estas dinámicas, ya que se interesa por cómo el estudio de ciertas actitudes y comportamientos dentro del entorno familiar, pueden gestar determinadas patologías o influir negativamente en la recuperación de estos trastornos, aumentando las recaídas. Con este trabajo, lo que se persigue es, establecer posibles relaciones entre la Emoción Expresada y tres Modelos Sistémicos: el Modelo Estructural de Salvador Minuchin, el Modelo Relacional de Mara Selvini y el Modelo Multigeneracional de Murray Bowen; dentro del contexto clínico de los Trastornos de Conducta Alimentaria, considerados estos últimos de interés creciente, dado el aumento de dichos síndromes en esta última década en todo tipo sociedades y rangos sociales. Se pretende, por ello, a través de la sistematización y análisis de dichos modelos, fomentar el conocimiento de la Emoción Expresada dentro del ámbito sistémico, ya que se considera un gran aporte para la comprensión de determinadas dinámicas familiares
Becerra, Durán Paulette Amor. "Caracterización farmacoterapéutica y eventos adversos de pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111221.
Full textIntroducción: Chile es un país en desarrollo cuya población está envejeciendo, por lo que ha habido un aumento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como los trastornos psiquiátricos. Diversos estudios han analizado la utilización de psicofármacos, sin embargo no es fácil definir lo que es una prescripción adecuada o un uso racional de éstos, ya que cada paciente tiene características particulares que implican indicarle un tratamiento personalizado. Objetivos: Caracterizar a los pacientes que egresan de una hospitalización en una clínica psiquiátrica y su tratamiento farmacológico. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de tipo prospectivo descriptivo con los pacientes que egresaron de la Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria (CPU) del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, entre el 30 de agosto de 2011 y el 10 de enero de 2012. Se recolectaron y analizaron datos sociodemográficos, antecedentes mórbidos y farmacoterapéuticos obtenidos a partir de la ficha clínica de los pacientes. Además, previamente al alta se entrevistó a los pacientes para identificar eventos adversos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 48 pacientes de los cuales casi un 64,6% eran mujeres, con una edad promedio de 34,8 ± 13,5 años. El tiempo de estada fue en promedio 28,7 ± 17,6 días. Un 95,8% presentaba algún trastorno psiquiátrico definido y en un 32,2% de los casos existía comorbilidad psiquiátrica. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron los trastornos del estado del ánimo (50,7%), siguiendo los trastornos relacionados con sustancias (como alcohol y drogas de abuso) (13,7%) y luego la esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos (8,2%). Los pacientes recibieron un total de 143 psicofármacos (68,1% de todos los medicamentos), el promedio indicado fue de 3,0 ± 0,9 psicofármacos (rango entre 1 y 5), siendo prescritos al menos 2 para un 95,8% de la muestra. Para todos los trastornos mentales, los medicamentos más indicados fueron antipsicóticos atípicos y estabilizadores del ánimo, excepto en los trastornos disociativos. Un 72,9% de los pacientes dijo presentar algún evento adverso, principalmente constipación (29,2%) y somnolencia (27,1%). Conclusiones: Se estudiaron 48 pacientes entre los cuales un 95,8% tenía algún trastorno psiquiátrico, presentando comorbilidad psiquiátrica en un 31,2% de los casos. La mayoría de los pacientes eran mujeres (64,6%) y el promedio de edad fue de 34,8 ± 13,5 años. El 41,7% de ellos era casado y tenían en promedio 1,3 ± 1,7 hijos. Los principales diagnósticos de egreso fueron trastornos del estado del ánimo. Los trastornos bipolares fueron más frecuentes que los depresivos, en ambos sexos. La mayor proporción de medicamentos indicados fueron psicofármacos, con un promedio de 3,0 ± 0,9 psicofármacos por paciente. El 95,8% de la muestra tenía polifarmacia de psicofármacos (2 o más), siendo lo más frecuentes los antipsicóticos atípicos. Los principales síntomas mencionados por los pacientes fueron constipación y somnolencia, siendo en ambos casos más frecuentes en mujeres que en hombres. Considerando que los pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos presentan una alta frecuencia de polifarmacia y de eventos adversos, es necesario tomar medidas de farmacovigilancia para detectar problemas relacionados con medicamentos y evitar reacciones adversas serias.
Introduction: Chile is a developing country which population is aging and so there has been an increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as the psychiatric disorders. Several studies have analyzed the utilization of psychotropic drugs, nevertheless since every patient has particular characteristics that involve prescribing a personalized treatment, it is not easy to define what is an appropriate prescription or a rational use of these. Aims: To characterize inpatients who are discharged from a psychiatric clinic and their pharmacological treatment. Methodology: A prospective descriptive study was performed with inpatients discharged from the University Psychiatric Clinic (CPU) of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, between August 30th and January 10th. Demographic, morbid and pharmacotherapeutic data were collected and analyzed. The information was obtained mainly from the clinical records of patients, although patients were also interviewed previously to discharge to identify adverse events. Results: Forty eight patients were included, 64,6% were women, with an average age of 34.8 ± 13.5 years. The time of stay was on averaged 28.7 ± 17.6 days. Nearly 96% had a definite psychiatric disorder and 32.2% of cases had psychiatric comorbidity. The most common diagnoses were mood disorders (50.7%), followed substance-related disorders (13.7%) and then schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (8.2%). Of a total of 143 psychoactive drugs indicated (68.1% of total drug) the average was 3.0 ± 0.9 per patient (range between 1 and 5), being prescribed at least 2 to 95.8% of the sample. For all disorders, the most indicated drugs were atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, except in dissociative disorders. A 72.9% reported any adverse event, mainly constipation (29.2%) and somnolence (27.1%). Conclusions: We studied 48 patients among which 95.8% had some psychiatric disorder presenting psychiatric comorbidity in 31.2% of cases. Most patients were women (64.6%) and average age was 34.8 ± 13.5 years. 41.7% of them were married and had an average of 1.3 ± 1.7 children. The main discharge diagnoses were mood disorders. Bipolar disorders were more common than depression in both sexes. The largest proportion of medications given were psychotropics, with an average of 3.0 ± 0.9 psychotropics per patient. 95.8% of the sample had polypharmacy of psychotropic drugs (2 or more) being the most frequently used atypical antipsychotics. The main symptoms reported by patients were constipation and drowsiness, both being more frequent in women than in men. Considering that patients with psychiatric disorders have a high frequency of polypharmacy and adverse events, pharmacovigilance is needed to detect drug-related problems and avoid serious adverse reactions.
Boero, López Edgardo. "Rehabilitación protética de un paciente con trastornos de conducta alimentaria." Trabajo final de especialización, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontología, 2008. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/9217.
Full textFil: Boero López, Edgardo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Odontología.
Bautista, Carrasco Aida Melina. "Asociación entre disfunción cráneocervical y trastornos temporomandibulares en adultos jóvenes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6381.
Full textTesis
Vásquez, Aguirre Jeniffer Muriel. "Trastornos temporomandibulares y calidad de sueño en estudiantes de odontología." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/10172.
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Navarro, Haro Maria Vicenta. "Eficacia de la Terapia Dialéctica Comportamental en el tratamiento de pacientes con comorbilidad entre el trastorno límite de la personalidad y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/52898.
Full textLa tesis doctoral que nos ocupa se enmarca dentro de la Psicología Clínica. Esta tesis tiene como objetivo principal realizar un estudio controlado con el fin de probar la eficacia de un programa de tratamiento (Terapia Dialéctica Comportamental, DBT) para la comorbilidad entre el trastorno límite de la personalidad y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (anorexia y bulimia nerviosas). Estas patologías, cuando se presentan de forma comórbida constituyen una problemática de muy difícil manejo. Por ello, son necesarios estudios para mejorar las intervenciones para estos problemas.
La tesis se estructura en un marco teórico y un marco experimental. El marco teórico revisa y expone con claridad los estudios sobre el tema de la tesis doctoral. La estructura del marco experimental sigue el proceso del método científico: formulación de los objetivos e hipótesis, diseño del estudio experimental, recogida y análisis de los datos, interpretación y discusión de los resultados y obtención de las conclusiones.
Las conclusiones de esta tesis doctoral constituyen una contribución al tratamiento de la comorbilidad entre el trastorno límite de la personalidad y trastornos alimentarios. Los datos señalan que el protocolo de tratamiento DBT fue más eficaz que el tratamiento estándar, indicando por tanto que la DBT es una intervención eficaz para pacientes con esta patología.
Jofré, Atala Claudia, Escalona Boris Luchsinger, Cáceres Tamara Vásquez, and Ñancuan Catalina Yalul. "Calidad de vida de pacientes con disfagia como consecuencia de trastornos del movimiento de origen neurológico." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/138239.
Full textMovement Disorders (MD) are diseases characterized by alterations in the execution of movements that are caused by damage to the Central Nervous System (CNS). It is worth mentioning that Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) correspond to MD, and in all of them dysphagia is present. The aim of this study is to categorize the quality of life of patients with MD dysphagia according to the degree of severity of this alteration in them. For this purpose, a protocole “Evaluación Clínica de la Deglución” was carried out, and all the patients were asked to reply to a SWAL-QoL questionnaire. 12 users were evaluated, all of them belonging to “Centro de Transtornos del Movimiento (CETRAM)”, 5 of them were excluded because they din’t reach the minimum score required by the Minimental Parkinson Test (MMPK). A data descriptive analysis was made. The results show there is no relation between dysphagia severity and Quality of Life for the evaluated users. This makes necessary further investigation to describe the Quality of Life for users with MD suffering dysphagia.
Zafra, Aparici Eva. "Aprender a comer: Procesos de socialización y “Trastornos del Comportamiento Alimentario”." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/53633.
Full text“Learning to eat: socialization processes and Eating Disorders” The objective of this study is to know the sociocultural factors that, in the socialization process, influence in eating behaviors of children from 6 to 16 years in Catalonia, as well as to analyze the relation between these learning processes and specific eating problems presented in our society as they are the denominated Eating Disorders (ED). The study obtains interesting results. For exemple, it visualizes the intrinsic link between nutrition and sociocultural dimension of feeding. Ways to eat not only respond to health reasons, but they have to do with all issues that make eating or not eating make sense in our present context: the pleasure, aesthetics, economy, self image, affectivity, autonomy, identity, etc. Therefore the study advocates to feeding education that focuses health and prevention from a holistic perspective that allows to define and to act on the current and complex links between body, feeding and health; that relates the inherent biological and sociocultural aspects of “feeding fact”; and that considers the differences and similarities of different eating options that exist in each concrete socioalimentary context. The study also shows that the starting point of ED is “the body”, understood from a phenomenological perspective. On one hand it demonstrates the relationship between food as a way of expression and social control, on the other hand, the body as an unequal way of social and personal evaluation, and it finally shows that food can be used as a replay, claim and a way of liberation. Finally, the study compares feeding socialization processes between people diagnosed with eating disorders and people not diagnosed with eating disorder. This raises the Eating Disorders as “ESTARes alimentarios” because this kind of eating behaviors make sense in the continuum related to sociocultural logic that explains the ways of “ESTAR” (being) and eat in our current context and involve a two-way dialogue between the suffering (“malESTAR”) and pleasure (“bienESTAR”) corporal that is expressed through food.
Herrera, Yribas Christian. "Los trastornos por conductas perturbadoras en relación con ciertas psicopatologías adultas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5567.
Full textAhuir, Pérez Maribel. "Sesgos cognitivos en los trastornos psicóticos: Implicaciones clínicas y abordaje terapéutico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671031.
Full textEl modelo cognitivo de la psicosis plantea que las personas con esquizofrenia tienden a presentar diferentes sesgos cognitivos que juegan un papel central en los procesos de evaluación, razonamiento y metacognición que dan lugar a la formación y mantenimiento de los delirios. Esta tesis pretende caracterizar la relevancia de los sesgos cognitivos en la psicosis. Para ello se evalúa su presencia e intensidad, así como su relación con síntomas psicóticos positivos y negativos, síntomas depresivos y funcionalidad, en tres muestras de participantes: un grupo de pacientes con psicosis de inicio reciente (N=43), un grupo de pacientes crónicos con esquizofrenia (N=63) y un grupo no clínico formado por adolescentes sanos (N=45). Para evaluar los sesgos cognitivos se utilizó la escala CBQ (Cognitive Biases Questionnaire) en las tres muestras. En la muestra clínica se utilizó la escala PANSS y la escala Calgary para medir los síntomas psicóticos y depresivos respectivamente. En la muestra de sujetos sanos se utilizó la escala de experiencias psíquicas CAPE-42 para medir experiencias de tipo psicótico positivas, negativas y síntomas depresivos. La asociación entre sesgos cognitivos y psicopatología se analizó mediantes análisis de regresión múltiple. Como conclusión general se obtuvo que los sesgos cognitivos contribuyen a la expresión de los síntomas positivos y depresivos en personas con psicosis y sujetos sanos. Por otro lado también se estudia la modificación de los sesgos cognitivos mediante el programa de entrenamiento metacognitivo (EMC) grupal de Moritz en comparación a un grupo psiceducativo, en un grupo de pacientes con psicosis de inicio reciente. Así mismo se plantea si el orden de administración de los tratamientos es relevante en los resultados. La muestra de estudio estuvo formada por 49 pacientes estables con psicosis de inicio reciente que fueron aleatorizados en dos secuencias diferentes de intervenciones: EMC + psicoeducación vs psicoeducación + EMC. Se evaluaron sesgos cognitivos, síntomas psicopatológicos, insight cognitivo y funcionamiento. Como resultados, los sesgos cognitivos y los síntomas depresivos mejoraron con ambas intervenciones grupales, sin efectos diferenciales entre ambas secuencias. Se concluye que el EMC y la psicoeducación son útiles para mejorar los sesgos cognitivos y los síntomas depresivos en la psicosis de inicio reciente.
The cognitive model of psychosis states that people with schizophrenia tend to present different cognitive biases that play a central role in the evaluation, reasoning and metacognition processes that give rise to the formation and maintenance of delusions. This thesis aims to characterize the relevance of cognitive biases in psychosis. For this, its presence and intensity, as well as its relationship with positive and negative psychotic symptoms, depressive symptoms and functionality, are evaluated in three samples of participants: a group of patients with recent-onset psychosis (N = 43), a group of chronic patients with schizophrenia (N = 63) and a non-clinical group consisting of healthy adolescents (N = 45). To assess cognitive biases, the CBQ scale (Cognitive Biases Questionnaire) was used in the three samples. In the clinical sample, the PANSS scale and the Calgary scale were used to measure psychotic and depressive symptoms respectively. In the sample of healthy subjects, the CAPE-42 scale of psychic experiences was used to measure positive and negative psychotic-like experiences and depressive symptoms. The association between cognitive biases and psychopathology was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. As a general conclusion, it was obtained that cognitive biases contribute to the expression of positive and depressive symptoms in people with psychosis and healthy subjects. On the other hand, the modification of cognitive biases is also studied using Moritz's group metacognitive training program (MCT) in comparison to a psychoeducation, in a group of patients with recent-onset psychosis. Likewise, it is asked whether the order of administration of the treatments is relevant in the results. The study sample consisted of 49 stable patients with recent-onset psychosis who were randomized into two different sequences of interventions: MCT + psychoeducation vs psychoeducation + MCT. Cognitive biases, psychopathological symptoms, cognitive insight and functioning were assessed. As results, cognitive biases and depressive symptoms improved with both group interventions, with no differential effects between both sequences. It is concluded that MCT and psychoeducation are useful to improve cognitive biases and depressive symptoms in recent-onset psychosis.
Méndez, Andrade Marco. "Caracterización de un Caso de Comorbilidad de Trastorno Delirante de Tipo Somático y Trastorno de Ansiedad Social." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143812.
Full textEl presente trabajo consiste en un estudio de caso único de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 23 años de edad, quien a partir de julio de 2013 ha sido atendido en psicoterapia, desde el enfoque Constructivista Cognitivo, en la Unidad de Psicología de la Dirección de Asuntos Estudiantiles de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile. Este estudio tiene por objetivo generar un análisis comprensivo, desde la Nosología Procesal Sistémica de Vittorio Guidano (1987, 1994), del funcionamiento psíquico de un paciente de sexo masculino diagnosticado con Trastorno Delirante de Tipo Somático y Trastorno de Ansiedad Social, y generar indicaciones para su abordaje psicoterapéutico
Álvarez, Durán Jorge, Bustamante Natalia Córdova, Gatica Nicole Garrido, Beltrán Lissie Pino, and Baier Clara Toledo. "Rendimiento auditivo y lingüístico en escolares con trastorno específico del lenguaje que asisten a colegios con proyectos de integración." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114906.
Full textThe hearing loss can alter the development of language, depending on age, extent and mechanism involved. The specific language impairment (SLI) is not explained by sensory, motor, cognitive, and others. This is treated in schools with school integration projects (SIP), including standardized tests of language and compilation of background information provided by parents and clinical observation for hearing evaluation. The present study aims to establish the hearing performance of a group of children with SLI and to describe morphosyntactic and narrative performance, according to the prior hearing.
Osnayo, Karlovich Mirko. "Trastorno de déficit de atención en pacientes adultos con trastornos psiquiátricos del servicio de consulta externa del Hospital Víctor Larco Herrera mayo 2012 a abril 2013." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/12917.
Full textIntroducción: Durante casi un siglo se reconoció y se trató el desorden de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) en niños, pero la frecuente persistencia de la sintomatología de TDAH en adultos sólo se ha tenido en cuenta en las últimas décadas. La creencia que permaneció entre los profesionales por muchos años era que los niños y los adolescentes llegarían a la adultez sin síntomas de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, la investigación contemporánea ha demostrado que entre el 70% y el 80% de quienes padecen el trastorno en la infancia persistirán con síntomas que interferirán con el desempeño en áreas académicas, vocacionales y sociales del adulto. Métodos: El presente estudio es de tipo observacional descriptivo, conformado por 70 pacientes con los diagnósticos de trastornos de ansiedad, trastornos de personalidad y por uso de sustancias, que ingresan por primera vez a la consulta externa del hospital Víctor Larco herrera entre mayo 2012 y abril 2013, entre 18 y 49 años de edad. Así mismo, a cada paciente se les encuestará mediante el uso de la escala de autodetección para TDAH en adultos ASRS - V1.1 El análisis de datos se realiza mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS 6.1.1 para Windows. Se considera como diferencia significativa cuando p < 0.05. Resultados: Tras la aplicación de la escala de auto detección para TDAH ASRS v1.1, se comprobó la incidencia de síntomas compatibles con TDAH en un 30% de las personas evaluadas (21 pacientes); de manera más específica, la incidencia en pacientes con trastornos de ansiedad con casos positivos para TDAH fue de 11 pacientes (32.4%), en el grupo de trastornos de personalidad fue de 4 (26.7%) y en el grupo por uso de sustancias, fue de 6 (28.6%). Con relación a las variables intervinientes, la mayor incidencia de mujeres con síntomas de TDAH correspondió al grupo de trastornos de ansiedad (26%); mientras que los varones hicieron lo propio en el grupo de trastornos por uso de sustancias con el mismo valor. Por el grupo etáreo, el mayor puntaje correspondió a aquellos que tenían entre 18 y 29 años de edad (30%) y al estado civil, las personas solteras con síntomas compatibles para TDAH obtuvieron un 20%. Se presentó diferencia significativa (p < 0,001) en la relación del grupo de pacientes con trastornos de ansiedad y el nivel de educación secundaria. Conclusiones: La incidencia de síntomas compatibles con trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) está presente en los pacientes adultos de la consulta externa del Hospital Víctor Larco Herrera de mayo 2012 a abril 2013, siendo el grupo de pacientes con trastornos de ansiedad con el mayor puntaje de casos positivos para TDAH.
Trabajo académico
Gil, Castillejos Diana. "Trastornos Psicoemocionales al alta en pacientes que desarrollan Sedación Difícil en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672435.
Full textIntroducción y Objetivo: La sedación difícil(SD) en la unidad de cuidados intensivos(UCI) afecta negativamente a los pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica(VM). Las secuelas psicoemocionales son ansiedad, depresión y trastorno de estrés postraumático(TEPT). Pretendemos conocer la prevalencia de alteraciones emocionales durante los 6 meses de alta de UCI y su asociación con la SD. Método: Análisis descriptivo y prospectivo de analgosedación(AS) y trastornos psicoemocionales en pacientes sometidos a VM y AS>24h en una UCI polivalente. Detectamos las secuelas psicoemocionales mediante entrevista telefónica 1-3-6 meses posteriores al alta de UCI. Comparamos complicaciones, pronóstico y trastornos psicoemocionales de pacientes que desarrollaron SD con los que no la presentaron. Datos expresados en frecuencias, porcentajes, índices de tendencia central y de dispersión según su distribución. Para el análisis multivariado se realizó una regresión logística. Resultados: Incluimos 327 pacientes, el 30% de los cuales desarrollaron SD. Los pacientes con SD eran más jóvenes(p<0.001), menos gravemente enfermos(p=0.004), consumían más alcohol(p=0.001), más antecedentes de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas/psicotrópicas, estancias más prolongadas en UCI(p=0.001), tiempos de VM prolongados(p <0,001) y más traqueotomías(p=0.009) que los pacientes sin SD. El 84,7% de los que desarrollaron SD presentaron ansiedad al mes del alta frente al 43,7% (p<0,001) que no la desarrollaron, a los 3 meses 66,6% vs 26,6% (p<0,001) y a los 6 meses 56,6% vs 20% (p<0,001). Desarrollaron TEPT 26,7% vs 11,2% (p= 0,007) de pacientes del grupo SD. Al mes del alta de la UCI el 76,6% de los pacientes SD presentan depresión, el 58,3% vs 31,1% (p<0,001) a los tres meses y el 48,3% vs 22,9% (p<0,001) a los 6 meses. Conclusiones Los fenómenos psicológicos adversos ocurren a frecuencias superiores entre pacientes que han desarrollado SD. Por eso es importante prevenir y detectar precozmente la SD y tratar las necesidades psicológicas al mismo nivel que las físicas.
Background Critical care survivors often experience symptoms of anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Aims To determine the prevalence of these symptoms during the first six months after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) and to examine the association with difficult sedation (DS) during admission. Design Descriptive and prospective analysis of analgesia/sedation and psychological symptoms in patients in a medical-surgical ICU over a two-year period. Methods Patients who required more than 24 hours (h) of mechanical ventilation (MV) during their ICU admission. We compared complications, clinical outcomes and psychological sequelae according to whether or not patients had been difficult to sedate. Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results. Data were obtained for 195 patients, of whom 30% experienced difficult sedation. Difficult to sedate patients were younger (p=.001), less critically ill (APACHE II score p=.002) and more likely to engage in harmful use of alcohol (p=.001) and to have used psychoactive/psychotropic drugs during the previous three months. They also spent longer in the ICU (p=.001) and a greater percentage of time on mechanical ventilation (p<.001). At 1-month follow up, 87.7% of difficult-to-sedate patients reported anxiety (vs. 45.4%; p=.001), with the corresponding figures at 3 and 6 months being 75.5% (vs. 29%; p=.001) and 70.8% (vs. 23.7%; p=.001). Depression was reported by 82.4% (vs. 43.1%; p=.001), 66% (vs. 33.9%; p=.001) and 60.4% (vs. 27.2%; p=.001) of difficult-to-sedate patients at 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. At I month, 28.1% of these patients (vs. 11.5%; p=.007) reported symptoms of PTSD. Conclusions. Critical care survivors who were difficult to sedate are more likely to present psychological sequelae. Early identification of at-risk patients is necessary so as to implement appropriate preventive strategies.
Palau, i. Baduell Montserrat. "Análisis de las alteraciones magnetoencefalográficas en pacientes con trastornos del espectro autista." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405583.
Full textAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairment of social interaction, language and communication skills, as well as repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and restriction of interests. ASD are associated with an increased prevalence of epilepsy and brain epileptiform activity. Many children with ASD have epileptiform activity without clinical seizures. The clinical significance of epileptiform activity in children with ASD is controversial. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate epileptiform activity by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in children with idiopathic ASD. Sixty-eight children diagnosed with idiopathic ASD were studied by MEG. The patients were classified into two groups according DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 criteria: a group of 41 children with autistic disorder and a combined group of 27 children with Asperger syndrome and children with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Neuroimaging studies using magnetic resonance images (MRI) and MEG-EEG (electroencephalography) simultaneous recording were performed in all children. MEG epileptiform activity sources were localized on MRI using a single dipole model. Quantification of epileptiform activity detected in the brain areas (perisylvian and non perisylvian areas) was by dipoles per minute (d/m). The sensitivity of MEG for detection of epileptiform activity was significantly higher than EEG recording in children with ASD. The amount of epileptiform activity (d/m) in non perisylvian areas was significantly higher in the combined group of children with Asperger syndrome and PDD-NOS. Furthermore, both the amount of relative perisylvian epileptiform activity (% of perisylvian epileptiform activity with respect to total brain epileptiform activity) and amount d/m in frontal perisylvian region were significantly higher in children with autistic disorder. Both the amount of epileptiform activity and its location in perisylvian and non perisylvian areas differed significantly by diagnostic categories of ASD. It is discussed whether differences in epileptiform activity by diagnostic categories of ASD could be explained by heterogeneity in cognitive and behavioral phenotype of ASD children.
Gutiérrez, Zapata María del Carmen. "Función reflexiva y depresión en pacientes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669166.
Full textLa mayoría de los trastornos de alimentación están acompañados de depresión y/o dificultades en la capacidad para expresar y regular afectos, también denominada función reflexiva (FR) o mentalización (Fonagy, Gergely, Jurist, y Target, 2002). Este estudio analiza la función reflexiva y la depresión en pacientes con trastornos de alimentación. Pocos estudios muestran un enfoque multidimensional de la depresión; esta investigación utiliza la clasificación propuesta por Blatt (2004) en sus dos dimensiones de la depresión (dependiente y autocritica). En este estudio mixto con pacientes hospitalizadas diagnosticadas con un trastornos de alimentación ( ANP:15, ANR: 13, BN: 14; TCANE: 9 ) se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: DSM-IV, Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3) y el Cuestionario de Experiencias Deprimentes. Posteriormente fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente 10 pacientes a las cuales les fue aplicada la entrevista de apego adulto AAI (Kaplan y Main, 1996) codificando la escala de función reflexiva (Fonagy, Target, Steele, Steele,1998). Los resultados mostraron baja FR y dificultad para expresar y regular los afectos. Los resultados cuantitativos mostraron diferencias significativas entre los dos tipos de depresión. Las pacientes con ANP obtuvieron puntaciones significativamente más altas en depresión dependiente y las pacientes con TCANE más altas en depresión autocritica. También se encontró que la mayoría de las escalas de depresión autocritica se correlacionan significativamente con las escalas del EDI-3, entre mayor es la escala de depresión autocritica mayor es la puntuación de la escala del EDI 3. Este estudio muestra que los pacientes con TCA tienen dificultad para mentalizar.
Most eating disorders are accompanied by depression and/or difficulties in the ability to express and regulate emotions, also described as Reflective Functioning (RF) or mentalization (Fonagy, Gergely, Jurist, and Target, 2002). This study analyzes reflective functioning and depression in patients with eating disorders. Few research studies have a multidimensional focus on depression. This study uses the classification proposed by Blatt (2004) with its two dimensions of depression (dependency and self-criticism). In this mixed study with 51 inpatients diagnosed with Eating Disorders (ANP:15, ANR: 13, BN: 14; EDNOS: 9 ) subjects were assessed with DSM-IV; Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3); and Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. 10 patients were later randomly selected to complete the Adult Attachment Interview - AAI (Kaplan and Main, 1996) coded for Reflective Functioning (Fonagy, Target, Steele, Steele,1998). Results showed low levels of RF and difficulty to express and regulate emotions; Quantitative results show meaningful differences for both types of depression: Patients with ANP were found to score significantly higher in dependency and patients with EDNOS scored higher in self-criticism. Most self-criticism scales were found to have a significant positive correlation with EDI-3 scales. This study shows that patients with ED have difficulties mentalizing.
Villatoro, Gómez Sergio. "Estudio de variantes estructurales del genoma humano asociadas a trastornos del neurodesarrollo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400662.
Full textAngelman syndrome (AS) and Prader Willi syndrome (PWS) are neurodevelomental disorders in which main molecular etiology is the 15q11.2-q13 deletion. This deletion is leaded by Non Allelic Homologous Recombination (NAHR) mediated by flanking high repetitive sequences named Low Copy Repeats (LCRs). The orientation of these LCRs leads the final product of NAHR. LCRs in direct orientation are solved in deletions or duplications while LCRs in inverted orientation lead inversions. These inversions could facilitate abnormal recombination between flanking LCRs and could mediate interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q11.2-q13 in the offspring. Herein we report a new analysis of the frequency of inversion 15q11.2-q13 in 23 controls from general population, 21 AS parents and 32 PWS parents. Molecular cytogenetic analysis was performed using FISH with BACs probes by examining a total of 9540 informative chromosomes. First, the 15q11.2-q13 inversion was detected on average in 4.61% of chromosomes of Spanish control population. Then we analyzed the frequency of the 15q11.2-q13 inversion in parents of AS and PWS and a significant increase in AS mothers and PWS fathers with offspring affected by deletion was observed in front of control group (p= 8x10-7and p=0,007, respectively). Our results indicate that 15q11.2-q13 inversion is a polymorphism presents in general population. Moreover, the high inversion frequency observed in AS mothers and PWS fathers of offspring affected by deletion suggest that the inversion could be a structure that promotes misalignment between the LCRs and facilitates the occurrence of 15q11.2-q13 deletions. AS has a recognizable molecular cause in about 90% of cases, nevertheless in 10% with well-defined clinical features the molecular etiology is still unknown (AS-like). We have analysed 20 AS-like patients by a-CGH after screening the patients for syndromic and subtelomeric copy number alterations (CNVs). Regions that contained rare CNVs or not reported in the Database of Genomic Variants were selected for validation using custom Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) assays. We assessed the CNV status in the 20 AS-like cases and in their parents, and also expanded the study to larger sets of samples of individuals suffering idiopathic intellectual disability (n=296), autism spectrum disorders (n=164) as well as to a control cohort of normal individuals (n=453). We have identified one de novo deletion (1q44), two maternally inherited duplications (Xp11.23 and Xq28) and 20 inherited altered regions present in AS-like cases that have not been present in control population. In three patients a concomitance of a deletion and SNPs is leading a possible recessive intellectual disability disease suggesting that MYH13 and long non-coding RNAs could be involved in AS-like. Concerning intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders big alterations: del(1)(p36), del(1)(q44), dup(10)(q21.1), dup(X)(q11.23q28) and dup(X)(q28) in three patients, have been associated with the etiology. We also have identified 29 inherited genomic variants that were not present in the general population, 12 out of them shared with AS-like patients. Our results support the point of view that a considerable proportion of genomic regions showing variability in copy number could be responsible for neurodevelopment disorders. The inherited CNVs identified in cases, but not detected in controls, suggesting that even if they are inherited, they could be responsible for some of the clinical features perhaps unmasking, in specific genes, recessive mutations involved in the phenotypes.
Chicchón, Peralta Jorge Luis, and Marín Cesar Salvador Sánchez. "Trastornos mentales en estudiantes de medicina humana de Lambayeque durante el 2012." Thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2014. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/jspui/handle/123456789/191.
Full textAcevedo, Farfán Julieta Inés. "La cólera y el riesgo de presentar trastornos alimenticios en mujeres adolescentes." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2008. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/396.
Full textTesis
Pereda, Ruiz Viviana. "Procesos terapéuticos con personas aquejadas con trastornos mentales severos: recorridos, útiles, prácticas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/138038.
Full textEn el trabajo que presento a continuación, intento elaborar una experiencia, a través de la descripción y discusión de una experiencia clínica relacionada con el tratamiento de pacientes psicóticos en el contexto de un programa ambulatorio de rehabilitación psiquiátrica y psicosocial. Esta experiencia me da la oportunidad de discutir aspectos relacionados con el cuidado de pacientes adultos crónicos, personas que sufren de graves afecciones psíquicas, integrando el trabajo de un equipo interdisciplinario en su vida cotidiana, así como elementos relacionados con las concepciones teóricas psicoanalíticas que me han resultado útiles para ello
Chicchón, Peralta Jorge Luis, Marín Cesar Salvador Sánchez, Peralta Jorge Luis Chicchón, and Marín Cesar Salvador Sánchez. "Trastornos mentales en estudiantes de medicina humana de Lambayeque durante el 2012." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2014. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/302.
Full textTesis
Gamboa, Reyes Jimmy Richard. "Dolor muscular como síntoma principal en pacientes adultos que presentan trastornos temporomandibulares." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1723.
Full textTesis
Verán, Casanova Natalia. "Niveles de alexitimia en figuras parentales de niños con trastornos del espectro autista." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2011. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/855.
Full textThe aim of this study is to explore alexithymia levels in parents of ASD children, and compare global alexithymia and its factors in fathers and mothers according to sociodemographic variables. The sample consisted of 30 pairs of parents who completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Results didn’t show high alexithymia levels. There were no significant differences between mothers’ and fathers’ alexithymia level, but more mothers were in the low alexithymia group while more fathers in the mid alexithymia. Regarding differences between the alexithymia factors, descriptively fathers had more difficulties in describing feelings and a tendency to externally oriented thinking, while mothers had more difficulties in identifying feelings, but not significantly. Results don’t allow considering alexithymia as an expression of the broader autism phenotype, neither as predominant in males.
Tesis
Rodríguez, Urrutia Amanda. "El rol de la incongruencia en la evaluación de pacientes hospitalizados con trastornos gastrointestinales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458640.
Full textIntroduction: Psychopathology is highly associated with different subtypes of patients diagnosed of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGDs). It is known by the gastroenterologist’ the difficulty to detect and manage psychopathology, generating late and sometimes erroneous digestive diagnoses. Gastrointestinal motility disorders (GMDs) have been less studied from this perspective. Taking into account the subjective experience of the patient in relation to their disease, compared to the evaluation of the gastroenterologist and the level of incongruence between the two may be useful in the approach of these patients. Objectives: To study psychopathology, quality of life and personality traits of patients admitted for specialized assessment in an inpatient tertiary Digestive Unit. On the other hand, the incongruence of the functionality evaluated by clinicians and patients and its relation with psychopathology was investigated. Methods: The present research is described as an observational, cross-sectional study. We included all patients hospitalized for evaluation of gastrointestinal motor function in a highly specialized Digestive Unit based at a tertiary referral center during two years. A total of 103 patients were included and evaluated by the psychiatrist within 72 hours of admission to the hospital. A clinical interview was conducted and the following self-administered scales were used: HAD, SCL-90-R, TAS-20, SF-36 and NEO-FFI-R. Digestive diagnostic tests were performed; to evaluate the functionality Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) was used. The incongruence variable was defined as the difference between KPS and the physical performance subscales of the SF-36 (both in the 0-100 range). Results: There were no remarkable differences between the two groups in relation to sociodemographic data, personality traits or psychopathology. However, the correlation of the functionality measured by the clinician with the subjective physical functioning was high and statistically significant only in the case of patients diagnosed with GMDs. Incongruence between the clinicians’ and patients’ evaluation of functionality correlated with all SCL-90-R subscales. When stratified by digestive diagnosis group, all SCL-90-R subscales correlated with incongruence in the FGDs group, whereas only the correlation with somatization was statistically significant among patients with GMDs. Covariance analyses did not show statistically significant differences in the levels of psychopathology among the digestive diagnosis groups when controlling for incongruence. In contraposition, this incongruence data showed statistically significant covariation in all cases, so the incongruence showed a greater predictive capacity for psychopathology than gastrointestinal diagnosis per se. Using general linear models, it was found that incongruence was the variable with stronger relationships with psychopathological variables, even when controlled by diagnosis. Interactions between incongruence and digestive diagnosis were found (GMDs vs. FGDs), demonstrating that patients with FGDs whose subjective performance evaluation is inconsistent with that of the clinician, have higher levels of psychopathology compared to patients with GMDs, in most cases regardless of incongruence in the latter. Conclusions: Psychopathology seems to be related to the different perceptions of the disease that the clinicians and the patients have. Patient and clinician incongruence can be used as a simple screening tool for psychopathology or psychological distress, especially among patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders, facilitating psychiatric liaison consultations.
Bonnín, Roig Caterina del Mar. "Funcionament psicosocial en el trastom bipolar: Factors implicats i seguiment als 4 anys." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51476.
Full textChavesta, Ayasta Lady Diana Vanessa. "Frecuencia de indicadores de trastorno de espectro autista en niños del Centro Especializado en Fisioterapia y Rehabilitación Integral de San Juan de Lurigancho - Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8859.
Full textDetermina las frecuencias de indicadores de Trastorno de Espectro Autista (TEA) en niños de 16 a 30 meses en el Centro Especializado en Fisioterapia y Rehabilitación Integral (CEFIRE) desde el año 2013 al 2016. Corresponde a un estudio, que posee un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo, con diseño no experimental. Con una muestra de 120 niños de 16 a 30 meses, siendo el 63% (75) niños y 37% (45) niñas, en un centro de fisioterapia y rehabilitación integral. Se recolectó información proveniente de las fichas de registro fisioterapéutico y los resultados del cuestionario modificado para la detección del autismo en niños pequeños (M-Chat) desde el 2013 al 2016. Se determinó las frecuencias de indicadores de TEA. Encuentra que el análisis estadístico determinó que en una muestra de 120 niños, la mayor frecuencia de indicadores de TEA fue de 12, presentados en 10 niños (8,3%), de estos indicadores el más frecuente fue el ítem 21 “No entiende lo que la gente dice.” La mayor frecuencia de indicadores de TEA según la edad, fue en la categoría de 26 a 30 meses con 19 indicadores presentados en 7 niños (17.94%). La frecuencia de indicadores de TEA en varones fue 12 de indicadores presentados en 8 niños (10.66%); y en mujeres fue de 7 indicadores presentados en 5 niñas (11.11%). Los niños sin factores de riesgo presentaron la mayor frecuencia de indicadores de TEA, que fue de 10 en 7 niños (7.52%). Concluye que la mayor frecuencia de indicadores de TEA en una población de 120 niños de 16 a 30 meses fue de 12 indicadores, presentados en 10 niños (8,3%); de estos indicadores el más frecuente fue el ítem 21 “No entiende lo que la gente dice.”, obtenido en 101 niños (84.2%).
Tesis
Araya, Estay Paula, Navia Marcela Castro, Rojas Kimberli Cuadra, and Troncoso Rodrigo Guerrero. "Habilidades de procesamiento auditivo en niños con trastorno específico del lenguaje de 7 a 10 años 11 meses pertenecientes a un proyecto de integración de la Región Metropolitana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130742.
Full textThere are several research studies that suggest a connection between Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and Auditory Processing (AP) disorders. However, most of these studies do not consider some cognitive functions such as working memory and attention as variables that may influence on AP test results in children with SLI. That is why, this study aims to determine the existence of a possible association between SLI and an impaired performance for a set of AP tests, considering working memory and attention as covariates. In order to do this, a comparison was made between the performance of 16 children aged between 7 years and 10 years 11 months diagnosed with an SLI, and the performance of 16 children aged between 7 and 10 years 11 month with typical language development. The AP tests included in this study were comprised of dichotic digits, dichotic disyllabic words and adaptive test of temporal resolution (ATTR). Cognitive measures included the WISC III digit span and Conners' continuous performance test II (CPT II). The results indicate that children with SLI differ significantly (worse results) from the control group for working memory ability, total score for the WISC III digit span, backward digit span and disyllabic dichotic test 1. In addition, there were no significant differences between SLI and control group children for the remaining AP tests: disyllabic dichotic test 2, dichotic digits and ATTR. Finally, no significant differences between groups were found for WISC III forward digit and Conners‘ CPT II scores.
López, Sotomayor Carolina. "Trastornos de personalidad en la Clínica Psiquiátrica de la Universidad de Chile: Caracterización de las hospitalizaciones realizadas en la Unidad de Trastornos de Personalidad entre los años 2006 y 2008." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106258.
Full textSihuay, Gutiérrez Rocio Mirella. "Relación entre los diagnósticos físicos de los trastornos temporomandibulares (eje I) y el aspecto psicosocial (eje II) según el criterio de diagnóstico para los trastornos temporomandibulares (DC/TMD) en adultos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4637.
Full text--- The aim of the present study was to establish the relationship between physical diagnosis of TMD (axis I) and psychosocial aspect (axis II) according to the Diagnostics criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) in adult patients who attended the National Hospital Arzobispo Loayza’s stomatology service during 2015. The study design was multistage, analytic, observational, cross-sectional and case-control type. The sample consisted in the first stage by 255 adult patient between 18 and 60 years, 61 men and 144 women who attended the HNAL’s stomatology service, and in the second stage, 65 TMD patients and 65 healthy patients were chosen in a random way. Calibration was performed with an expert in the use of DC/TMD protocol (Kappa 0,78). 255 patients were evaluated during October to December 2015, we use DC/TMD protocol, Axis l to assess the TMD diagnosis, which are divided into 3 groups: Group I: disorder in the temporomandibular joint, Group II: disorder in masticatory muscle and Group III: headache attributed to TMD, and Axis II to assess depression, anxiety, somatization and chronic pain. The chi-square test was used, coefficient of Cremer’s and Odds Ratio test. It was found that TMD has a prevalence of 68,6% and was higher in average adult and women. Group I diagnoses alone were the most frequent (23.5%) followed by the dual and triples diagnoses. The most common psychosocial aspect was somatization symptoms in the 62%. To relate the psychosocial aspects with TTM it concluded that all psychosocial aspects were highly and directly related with TMD. Psychosocial aspect which increases more the risk to develop a TTM was somatization symptoms (OR 21) followed anxiety disorder (OR 15) and finally depression (OR 14) Keywords: temporomandibular disorders - DC/TMD - Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders - psychosocial aspect - depression - anxiety disorder - chronic pain - somatization symptoms.
Tesis