Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trauma of journalists'

Mexico is widely known as one of the most dangerous countries in the world for journalists, according to advocacy groups and human rights organizations. The phenomenon is especially true in northern Mexico, where journalists have to cover violence committed by drug cartels that seek to hold on to turf in which to conduct operations to sell narcotics to the lucrative U.S. market. This study focuses on the types of trauma that journalists working in an environment marked by violence and threats experience, as well as the resilience they must employ to continue working as a professional there. Twenty-six print journalists in eight cities near the U.S. border have been interviewed to discover the types of trauma and the extent of resilience they have achieved, as well as the way they go about doing so. The study utilizes Shoemaker and Reese’s Hierarchy of Influences model to examine trauma and resilience.

Mexico is widely known as one of the most dangerous countries in the world for journalists, according to advocacy groups and human rights organizations. The phenomenon is especially true in northern Mexico, where journalists have to cover violence committed by drug cartels that seek to hold on to turf in which to conduct operations to sell narcotics to the lucrative U.S. market. This study focuses on the types of trauma that journalists working in an environment marked by violence and threats experience, as well as the resilience they must employ to continue working as a professional there. Twenty-six print journalists in eight cities near the U.S. border have been interviewed to discover the types of trauma and the extent of resilience they have achieved, as well as the way they go about doing so. The study utilizes Shoemaker and Reese’s Hierarchy of Influences model to examine trauma and resilience.

On February 22, 2011, Christchurch-based journalists were jolted out of their normal work routine by a large 6.3 magnitude earthquake that killed 185 people, wrecked the city and forced reporters to reappraise their journalism. This study considers how the earthquake affected journalists’ relationship to the community, their use of sources and news selection. A theory of collective trauma is used to explain the changes that journalists made to their reporting practice. Specifically, Christchurch journalists had a greater identification and attachment to their audience post-earthquake. Journalists viewed themselves as part of the earthquake story, which prompted them to view sources differently, use those sources differently and see advocacy as a keystone of their news work after the disaster. This study adds to a growing scholarship about journalists and trauma, but focuses on what the event meant for local reporters’ choice of sources and news selection rather than measuring rates of psychological distress.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The main object of this research is the journalistic production of Clarice Lispector over the years of 1950-1970, a time when she actively collaborated with major carioca newspapers. This is an important part of the writer s work, which we know better now, thanks to the work of the researcher Aparecida Maria Nunes. Assuming, hypothetically, that the journalist reveals the writer, we seek to establish relations between the Clarice Lispector journalistic and literary writing. The corpus is made up of 83 interviews conducted by the writer for the magazine Manchete in the section Possible Dialogues with Clarice Lispector, where we have 59 interviews between May 1968 and outubro1969, and the magazine Fatos e Fotos/Gente, where we have 24 interviews conducted between December 1976 and October 1977. We analyze the warp of the dialogue during the interviews under the concept of Freudian unheimlich (uncanny) and "dialogism"of Bakhtin. We have also studied the "newjournalism" and "nonfiction novel" genres, whose main representative was Truman Capote, author of In Cold Blood, who argued that non-fiction could be as artistic and compelling as fiction. Methodologically the research is bibliographic and documentary: on one hand, we make the state of the art of critical reception of Clarice, on the other, we study the material relating to journalistic collaborations
O principal objeto desta pesquisa é a produção jornalística de Clarice Lispector ao longo dos anos de 1950-1970, época em que colaborou ativamente com periódicos cariocas de grande circulação. Trata-se de uma parte relevante da obra da escritora, como se descobre melhor agora, graças ao trabalho da pesquisadora Aparecida Maria Nunes. Admitindo, como hipótese, que a jornalista revela a escritora, buscamos estabelecer relações entre o texto jornalístico e a escritura clariciana. O corpus da pesquisa constitui-se nas 83 entrevistas realizadas pela escritora para as revistas Manchete, na seção Diálogos Possíveis com Clarice Lispector, em que temos 59 entrevistas, no período de maio 1968 a outubro1969 e Fatos e Fotos/Gente, em que temos 24 entrevistas realizadas entre dezembro de 1976 e outubro de 1977. Analisamos a urdidura do diálogo nestas entrevistas jornalísticas à luz do conceito freudiano unheimlich (estranho ou sinistro) e do "dialogismo" do Bakhtin. Também estudamos os gêneros "new-journalism" e romance de nãoficção , cujo principal representante foi Truman Capote, autor de A sangue frio, quem sustentou que a não-ficção poderia ser tão artística e atraente quanto a ficção. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa é bibliográfica e documental: de um lado, fazemos o estado da arte da recepção crítica de Clarice, de outro, levantamos o material referente às colaborações jornalísticas

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This thesis aims to present, from a critical perspective, the relationship between dance and printed journalism in Manaus, from 1980 to 2000. The corpus of analysis is based on the following newspapers: A Crítica, Jornal do Commércio, A Notícia and Amazonas em Tempo. The time lapse has been chosen and defined by the relevance of the events at that time, as they included the strengthening of private schools of ballet and jazz dance, the increase of dance activities at schools and neighborhoods and some significant changes on artistic public policies. The thesis analyses the dance and cultural journalism as constitutive elements of a complex communicative network. The main hypotheses states that the non existence of a reflective, researcher and critical cultural journalism helped to create cultural invisibilities, making the hegemonic aesthetic and epistemological models stronger through its lack of capacity to give visibility to new propositions showed by the actual dance groups. This ideological journalism exempted the creation of a more close conversation with dancing and their specialized ways of constructing knowledge. To develop the hypotheses, the thesis works with the communication concepts that emphasize the process of mediation and the social, cultural and political constructions. It is a belief that this might constitute a path that would activate new readings of manauara culture. In this sense, the contribution of theory has built itself through various readings such as Boaventura Santos (2006,2007), Giorgio Agamben (2002,2009) and Jesús Martín-Barbero (2004), Helena Katz and Christine Greiner (2005,2010), as well as thinkers from the amazonic region on anthropology and human geography, precisely quoted throughout the thesis. The expected result is to present an analysis of a vicious circle, confined to invisibility in and outside Manaus, due to an inefficient traffic of mediations between the manauara cultural journalism and the local dance, that ended up being unfolded, blocking any social transformation on that sector
Esta tese tem por objetivo apresentar, a partir de uma perspectiva crítica, as relações entre a dança e o jornalismo impresso em Manaus, no período entre 1980 e 2000. O corpus de análise fundamenta-se em uma hemerografia constituída por material proveniente dos jornais: A Crítica, Jornal do Commércio, A Notícia e Amazonas em Tempo. A definição do recorte temporal justifica-se pela relevância dos acontecimentos da época, que incluem a consolidação das academias particulares de balé e jazz, o crescimento das atividades de dança nas escolas e nos bairros e alterações significativas nas políticas públicas referentes ao setor artístico. A tese analisa a dança e o jornalismo cultural como elementos constitutivos de uma rede comunicativa complexa. A hipótese principal é a de que a inexistência de um jornalismo cultural reflexivo, investigativo e crítico auxiliou na criação de invisibilidades culturais potencializando os modelos estéticos e epistemológicos hegemônicos através da sua incapacidade de dar visibilidade a novas propostas sinalizadas pelos grupos em atividade. Este jornalismo ideológico isentou-se de um diálogo mais próximo com a dança e seus modos especializados de construção de conhecimento. Para desenvolver a hipótese, a tese trabalha com um conceito de comunicação com ênfase nos processos de mediação, e na construção sócio-cultural e política. Acredita-se que este seja um caminho que ative novos olhares para a cultura manauara. Neste sentido, o aporte teórico foi se construindo durante a leitura de diversos autores, dentre os quais destacam-se Boaventura Santos (2006,2007), Giorgio Agamben (2002,2009), e Jesús Martín-Barbero (2004), Helena Katz e Christine Greiner (2005,2010), além de estudiosos de antropologia e geografia humana da região amazônica, citados pontualmente durante a tese. O resultado esperado é a apresentação da análise de um círculo vicioso, confinado à invisibilidade dentro e fora de Manaus, devido ao trânsito ineficiente de mediações entre o jornalismo cultural manauara e a dança local, e que acabou sendo desdobrado de modo a impedir qualquer transformação social no setor

A questão do uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) pelos sujeitos-gays para a produção de novos processos de sociabilidade na contemporaneidade tem ocupado destaque nas abordagens realizadas em uma série de espaços discursivos, resultando em análises e trabalhos de inúmeras áreas e enfoques teóricos. No presente trabalho, objetivamos investigar de que modo os sujeitos-gays e os aplicativos de relacionamento voltados para eles são abordados nos discursos jornalísticos produzidos por espaços de imprensa disponibilizados on-line, contando como referencial analítico, metodológico e teórico a Análise do Discurso de filiação francesa (Pêcheux, 1997a, 1997b, 2010, 2014). Buscou-se analisar os discursos e sentidos produzidos sobre os sujeitos-gays que são usuários dos aplicativos de relacionamento apresentados em 37 textos jornalísticos, constituindo o corpus da pesquisa, publicados no período de 2010 a 2015 e provenientes de quatro espaços de notícias vinculados as grandes estruturas midiáticas do país (Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo, Portal G1 e Portal IG). Selecionamos materiais que abordam os três principais aplicativos desse tipo utilizados no Brasil: o Grindr, o Hornet e o Scruff. O trabalho com os discursos jornalísticos permite observarmos que a abordagem na atualidade, sobre os sujeitos-gays e os espaços atrelados a eles, apresenta diferenças no modo como era realizada em um passado recente, em decorrência das alterações sócio-históricas do período. As relações dos sujeitos-gays com esses aplicativos são abordadas nos espaços jornalísticos e apresentadas aos sujeitos-leitores dos espaços de notícias, inscrevendo sentidos sobre o surgimento, modos de funcionamento e usos dessas tecnologias. Identificamos que os discursos jornalísticos sobre os sujeitos-gays na relação de uso com os aplicativos não estão restritos à abordagem das novas formas de sociabilidade, essa discussão é apresentada e destaca como as formas de encontro passam por alterações na sua realização, seja na procura por relacionamentos sérios, amizades ou sexo casual, mas outros pontos importantes são ressaltados, entre eles, a facilidade envolvendo a contaminação por Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST), a importância dos sujeitos-gays para a estrutura econômica atual e modificações no espaço urbano pelo uso dessas tecnologias. Os aplicativos de relacionamento interferem no modo como os sujeitos-gays encontram e estabelecem relações, o que está ligado às atuais condições de produção da contemporaneidade, produzindo novos sentidos sobre esses sujeitos e os espaços relacionados a eles.
The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by gay subjects to produce new sociability processes in contemporary times has been emphasized in the approaches carried out in a series of discursive spaces, resulting in analyses and works of numerous areas and theoretical perspectives. In this paper, based on the analytical, methodological and theoretical assumptions of French Discourse Analysis (Pêcheux, 1997a, 1997b, 2010, 2014), we aim to investigate how gay subjects and the dating applications aimed at them are addressed in the journalistic discourses produced by the press made available online. We sought to analyze discourses and meanings produced on gay subjects who make use of such applications, in a corpus composed of 37 journalistic texts, published in the period of 2010-2015 and issued by four spaces of news associated with the countrys large media groups (Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo, Portal G1 e Portal IG). We have selected materials that cover the three main dating applications used in Brazil: Grindr, Hornet and Scruff. The work with journalistic discourses allows us to observe that the current approach on gay subjects and spaces related to them differs from the one carried out in a recent past. These changes are produced as a result of socio-historical transformations in contemporary times. The relationships of gay subjects with such applications are approached in journalistic spaces and presented to reader subjects of the news spaces, inscribing meanings about their appearance, modes of operation and uses. We have identified that journalistic discourses on gay subjects concerning the use of applications are not restricted to the approach on new forms of sociability. Such a discussion is presented and highlights how the forms of encounter go through changes, either in the search for serious relationships, friendships or casual sex. Also, other important aspects are made clear, e.g. the ease involving the transmission of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), the importance of gay subjects to the current economic structure, and modifications in the urban space through the use of such technologies. Dating applications interfere with the way gay subjects find and establish relationships, which is connected to the current conditions of production in the contemporary times, producing new meanings about such subjects and the spaces related to them.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 28, 2009). Advisor: Stan Wearden. Keywords: journalism; trauma; broadcasting; reporting; television; posttraumatic stress; compassion fatigue. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-184).

A significant body of research documents the experiences of war correspondents and the impact covering conflict has on them. Far fewer studies focus on the impact that covering everyday trauma has on journalists. This Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) explores, at an idiographic level, the life worlds of six journalists from sub-Saharan Africa, and how each of them makes sense of the everyday trauma they experience in their work. The findings show that in each journalist's case, witnessing others' pain and trauma had a life changing impact; that empathy helped them cope with what they saw and experienced; and that they shared a tolerance for risk-taking. Journalists are the eyes and ears of the public. The study suggests that if journalists have the necessary emotional tools to cope with the stress they encounter in their work, everyone benefits: the journalists, their media organizations, the people whose stories they tell, and society. It is therefore important to take journalists' emotional coping strategies into account, so as not to cement the notion that feeling numb in the face of emotional trauma is simply business as usual.

M.A.
The literature indicates that journalists who experience work related traumatic situations, are at risk for the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Teegen & Grotwinkel, 2001). Moreover, some journalists who develop this disorder do so after covering a relatively minor traumatic story (Castle, 2001). Certain temperament traits have been implicated as vulnerabilities to the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in police officers (Henning, 1999). Few research studies have investigated temperament and sense of coherence as mediating factors for occupational stress in journalists exposed to trauma. The aim of the present study was to address this dearth by investigating whether there are statistically significant differences in the experience of trauma, temperament traits and sense of coherence of journalists with varied responses to occupational stress and trauma. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised was used to divide journalists into three groups, namely those with minor reactions to trauma (n=10), moderate reactions (n=24) and severe reactions of clinical importance (n=16). The first group of hypotheses posed in the study pertains to group differences and postulates that the three groups will have statistically significant differences regarding trauma exposure. The second group of hypotheses deals with group differences and postulates that the three groups of journalists will differ regarding certain temperament dimensions. The third group of hypotheses formulated for the study proposes group differences regarding sense of coherence. Analysis of Variance followed by the Scheffé post hoc multiple comparisons technique indicated statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding experience of trauma as measured by the Trauma Questionnaire; certain temperament-personality traits as measured by the Personality Assessment Inventory and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire; and sense of coherence as measured by The Sense of Coherence Questionnaire. The study revealed that the group with severe reactions to stress and trauma had been exposed to intense trauma involving people and that they report significant emotional reactions to the trauma. The Personality Assessment Inventory indicated that the severe reactions group has temperament profiles characterised by somatic complaints, anxiety, depression, paranoia, borderline features, aggression, suicidal ideation, stress and treatment rejection. This group also showed greater neuroticism-anxiety and aggression-hostility prone temperament types than the other two groups as well as lower comprehensibility and manageability as indicated by the Sense of Coherence Scale. The results of the present study exhibit support that there are various factors that could have an impact on how journalists deal with the traumatic stories they cover and what their personal outcomes are after covering these stories. Journalists who develop severe PTSD have different perceptions of the trauma, temperament profiles and sense of coherence that impact on their ways of coping with the traumatic situations they face daily. Criticism of the study deals mainly with gender, age, race and the subjects' pre-testing history, which were not controlled for. Another possible shortcoming of the research is that the journalists were sourced from main stream publications as well as community papers. This might have had an impact on the amount and type of trauma the journalists were exposed to. It would have been preferable to include a greater number of participants in the study to more efficiently address the many variables. Lastly, pre-trauma temperament traits were not controlled for, due to the complexity and ethical complications involved in the subject matter. It is recommended that age, gender, race, pre-testing history and pre-trauma traits is controlled. This will however require a large sample of journalists, which was not available for the present study. It would also be beneficial to compare frequency and type of trauma exposure, PTSD and temperament in a comparative study where community journalists are compared with main stream journalists. Lastly, the development of South African measures for temperament, PTSD and trauma would be highly advantageous to this field of research.

碩士
國立政治大學
新聞研究所
99
This study investigated trauma experiences of journalists in Taiwan after covering disaster, crime and justice news or interviewing traumatized victims, and how social support mechanism plays a buffering role in their trauma-stress coping. This thesis also explored news rooms’ attention and response toward this issue. This study adapted the semi-structured interview and the grounded theory methodology to analyze in-depth interview data of 13 TV journalists inTaiwan, including script journalists, photojournalists, local journalists and managers. This study found that the interviewed journalists live under physical and mental pressure. Some of those who have covered traumatic news experienced traumatic symptoms, including intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Although some journalists keep calm when they confront traumatic stress events, we still couldn’t overlook the potential traumatic effect since journalists may suppress their authentic feelings because of peer pressure, sense of honor, or bread and butter. In addition, the interviewed journalists employed “self-adjustment” and “seeking social support” to deal with the traumatic stress. First, the journalists relieved their pressure by means of entertainment, and redefining the value of job and the priorities of life. As for social support, the journalists thought that peer support could satisfy the need of information, but may not necessarily offer fully emotional support because of the flaming competitions between journalists and news organizations. As for news rooms, the journalists asked for tangible support, namely resources and informational support, but were suspicious of the emotional support. Then, this study found that the journalists are willing to seek professional support, but seldom seek support from family because of the worry of horrifying their family members. However, it does not mean that the emotional support from family is not important, and being there is the best support for journalists. Finally, religion support is the main channel from which the journalists could feel safe, peace and calm, which is a unique phenomenon in the Taiwan media settings. In the end, after understanding the Taiwan media situations and consulting the practices of foreign news organizations, this study recommended some suggestions and implications for future studies and news rooms accordingly.

Jornalismo literário é um termo que normalmente gera disputa, a razão de tal pode ser imediatamente perceptível a partir do seu nome: literatura e jornalismo são muito distintos um do outro e quando ambos são considerados no mesmo argumento, é expectável que seja para acentuar as suas diferenças e não as semelhanças. Ainda assim, o jornalismo literário procura indicar uma narrativa jornalística que usa e explora elementos literários que normalmente associamos apenas à literatura. Esta breve descrição, apesar de tudo, acentua ainda mais quão distintos a literatura e jornalismo são um do outro. Para conseguir verdadeiramente um entendimento do que é jornalismo literário, é preciso analisar ambas disciplinas separadamente antes de ser-se capaz de perceber o que verdadeiramente significa. Esta investigação procura promover o estudo do jornalismo literário, particularmente o seu papel nos media portugueses. Para fazer isso, será importante primeiro considerar jornalismo tanto nas suas origens e propósito, de forma a ser-se capaz de o compreender melhor, questionando-se assim a sua razão de ser e utilidade. Em segundo lugar, considera-se a temática da literatura de forma a perceber-se uma possível conexão para com o jornalismo literário e as suas escolhas narrativas. Depois irá considerar-se o jornalismo literário como um género, de forma a ser-se capaz de perceber o seu lugar em Portugal e o seu desenvolvimento ao longo do Século XIX e XX. De seguida, este estudo irá estabelecer um diálogo com quatro jornalistas literários portugueses do Século XXI de forma a perceber melhor as suas perspectivas sobre os seus ofícios. Por fim, este estudo irá focar-se brevemente num futuro do jornalismo literário.
Literary journalism is a term that usually generates dispute, the reason for which can immediately be perceived by its name: literature and journalism are very much distinct from one another, and when the two are considered in the same argument, it is expected that their differences and not their similarities are emphasized. And yet, literary journalism seeks to indicate a journalistic narrative that uses and explores literary elements that are often times only associated to literature. This brief description, however, further emphasizes how distinct literature and journalism are from one another. To truly grasp an understanding of what is literary journalism, one must analyze the two disciplines separately before being able to perceive what it truly entails. This investigation aims to promote the study of literary journalism, particularly its role in the Portuguese media. To do this, we must first consider journalism both through its origins and purpose, in order to understand it further, thus questioning its reasoning and usefulness. Second, it considers literary journalism as a genre in order to be able to discern its place in Portugal and its development throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Next, this study will establish a dialogue with four Portuguese literary journalists of the 21st century in order to better ascertain their perspectives on their craft. Afterwards, literary journalism will be examined as a genre, in an effort to understand its place in Portugal and its development across the 19th and 20th century. Subsequently, this study will establish a dialogue with four Portuguese literary journalists of the 21st century in order to better understand their perspectives about their works. Finally, this study will focus briefly on the future of literary journalism