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Seely, Natalee. "Fostering Trauma Literacy: From the Classroom to the Newsroom." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 75, no. 1 (July 11, 2019): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695819859966.
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Covering traumatic story assignments is often central to a journalist’s job. Violent crimes, natural disasters, and tragic personal struggles—these are newsworthy events. Studies have associated trauma coverage with higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder, burnout, and other traumatic stress symptoms in reporters. This study uses a survey of print journalists ( N = 254) and qualitative interview data to examine the extent that higher education journalism programs helped prepare reporters for covering trauma. Respondents who reported receiving some type of education about trauma journalism reported higher levels of trauma literacy, defined as an awareness of the potential effects of trauma and adaptive coping mechanisms. Results indicate the power of education to produce more prepared journalists. More than half (53%) of respondents reported never having received any type of education related to crisis reporting or covering trauma. A subset of respondents ( n = 24) from the sample were interviewed about the extent of their journalism education, their experiences covering traumatic assignments, and their feelings of preparedness on the job.
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Hill, Desiree, Catherine A. Luther, and Phyllis Slocum. "Preparing Future Journalists for Trauma on the Job." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 75, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695819900735.
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Journalists are not immune from the emotional impact of their work as they report on mass shootings, terror attacks, and natural disasters. Adding to an established body of research on the interrelationship between journalism and trauma, this syndicate focused on how journalism schools should prepare students to deal with traumatic news content and events that would undoubtedly form part of their future day-to-day activities.
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Robie, David. "Pacific Media Watch and protest in Oceania: An investigative free media case study." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 1 (May 31, 2014): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i1.186.
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In the past three decades, global and regional media freedom advocacy and activist groups have multiplied as risks to journalists and media workers have escalated. Nowhere has this trend been so marked as in the Oceania region where some four organisations have developed a media freedom role. Of these, one is unique in that while it has had a regional mission for almost two decades, it has been continuously based at four university journalism schools in Australia, Fiji, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea. Pacific Media Watch was founded as an independent, non-profit and non-government network by two journalism academics in the Australian Centre for Independent Journalism (ACIJ) at the University of Technology, Sydney. Its genesis was the jailing of two Taimi ‘o Tonga journalists, ‘Ekalafi Moala and Filokalafi ‘Akau’ola, and a ‘whistleblowing’ pro-democracy member of Parliament in Tonga, ‘Akilisi Pohiva, for alleged contempt in September 1996. PMW played a role in the campaign to free the three men. Since then, the agency has developed an investigative journalism strategy to challenge issues of ethics, media freedom, industry ownership, cross-cultural diversity and media plurality. One of PMW’s journalists won the 2013 Dart Asia-Pacific Centre for Journalism and Trauma Prize for an investigation into torture and social media in Fiji. This article presents a case study of the PMW project and examines its history and purpose as a catalyst for independent journalists, educator journalists, citizen journalists and critical journalists in a broader trajectory of Pacific protest.Figure 1: A Pacific Media Watch Fiji torture and social media investigation series won the Dart Asia-Pacific Centre trauma journalism prize in 2013.
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Dworznik-Hoak, Gretchen. "Making sense of Harvey: An exploration of how journalists find meaning in disaster." Newspaper Research Journal 41, no. 2 (May 21, 2020): 160–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739532920919822.
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Thirty journalists who covered hurricane Harvey and who also lived in affected areas were interviewed to explore how journalists make sense of and cope with their exposure to hurricane-related trauma. Baumeister’s four needs for meaning framework was used as a guide to uncover how journalists used justification, purpose, efficacy, and self-worth to find meaning in their traumatic experiences. Journalistic mission and purpose were strong drivers for making sense of hurricane coverage hardships. Justification and efficacy helped journalists reframe traumatic encounters. Self-worth helped reframe experiences as furthering career goals. The article discusses implications for news managers and journalists.
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Robie, David. "EDITORIAL: Killing the messenger." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 24, no. 2 (November 2, 2018): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v24i2.464.
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The statistics globally are chilling. And the Asia-Pacific region bears the brunt of the killing of journalists with impunity disproportionately. Revelations in research published in this edition of Pacific Journalism Review on the trauma experienced by television journalists in the Philippines covering President Rodrigo Duterte’s so-called ‘war on drugs’, or as many describe it, a ‘war on poverty’, with more that 12,000 dead is deeply disturbing (Amnesty International, 2017). While these deaths, allegedly mostly extrajudicial killings, do not relate directly to the murders of journalists, the highest death toll ever of journalists in a mass execution took place in the southern Philippines almost nine years ago.
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Zdunek, Roksana. "Defeat the Invisible Enemy. Review: Magdalena Hodalska. Trauma of Journalists. Journalism of Trauma. Cracow: Institute of Journalism, Media and Social Communication of the Jagiellonian University 2017." Konteksty Społeczne 8, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/ks.2020.8.1.157-161.
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Ayesha Siddiqua, Dr. Faiza Latif, and Dr. Imran Muslim. "A Study to Explore the Safety and Professional Challenges Faced by the Field Journalists in Pakistan." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 1, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol1-iss3-2020(20-26).
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Field journalists in Pakistan who have covered violent conflicts especially in the wake of Karachi, Baluchistan, and former FATA conflicts have repeatedly staked their physical, emotional, and financial security while fulfilling their journalistic responsibilities. The study at hand is majorly aimed at exploring the reactions of the field journalists in Pakistan concerning the professional and safety challenges faced by them. A purposive sample of 15 field journalists from mainstream newspapers and television channels of Pakistan was selected for conducting the qualitative in-depth interviews. The study concluded that the most frequently faced challenges by the field journalists in Pakistan included the tendency to self-censor one’s content and editorial judgment; working under loosely defined safety protocols; and absence of seeking psychological help in terms of handling Post Trauma Stress Disorder (PTSD).
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Marais, A., and A. D. Stuart. "The Role of Temperament in the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Amongst Journalists." South African Journal of Psychology 35, no. 1 (March 2005): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630503500106.
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The literature indicates that journalists, who have been exposed to traumatic situations, risk developing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Certain temperament traits, such as neuroticism and compulsiveness, have been found to increase vulnerability to the development of PTSD amongst police officers. Few research studies have investigated temperament and a sense of coherence as factors mediating occupational stress in journalists exposed to trauma. The aim of this study was to address this dearth by investigating whether differences in the experience of trauma, temperament traits and a sense of coherence amongst journalists will influence the degree of PTSD experienced. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised was used to divide journalists into three groups, namely, those with minor reactions ( n=10), moderate reactions ( n=24) and severe reactions of clinical importance ( n=16). Analyses of variance followed by Scheffé post hoc multiple comparisons technique indicated statistically significant differences between the three groups regarding experience of trauma as measured by the Trauma Questionnaire, temperament traits as measured by the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire and sense of coherence as measured by the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire. The results show that various factors could have an impact on how journalists deal with the traumatic stories they cover, as well as their personal outcomes after covering these stories. Journalists who develop severe PTSD differ in terms of their perceptions of the trauma, temperament profiles and sense of coherence, which impacts on their way of coping with the traumatic situations they face daily.
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Cherry, Tamara K. "Trauma survivors and the media: A qualitative analysis." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 6, no. 3 (August 24, 2021): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.218.
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While much has been written about how the media covers traumatic events, little is known about the impact of the media on trauma survivors. This, despite the fact that crime coverage has been a staple of daily news cycles for several decades. Likewise, little has been written about the training and methods of the journalists who cover these events, or the impact of this coverage on the journalists. Based on 71 qualitative surveys and interviews with homicide and traffic fatality survivors, and 22 qualitative surveys of journalists, this article serves to describe five main themes regarding survivor experiences: 1) Prior experience with the media; 2) First encounters with the media; 3) Negative impacts of the media; 4) Positive impacts of the media; and 5) Advice for various stakeholders. Additionally, this article will describe three main themes highlighted by the journalists: 1) Trauma-informed training and guidelines; 2) Comfort in contacting survivors; and 3) Personal impact of reporting on trauma. These findings illustrate a clear gap in services available to survivors, in particular in the immediate aftermath of traumatic events when media attention is often at its highest, as well as a lack of support for journalists covering these events.
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Tyson, Gabriella, and Jennifer Wild. "Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Journalists Repeatedly Covering COVID-19 News." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 8536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168536.
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The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in many journalists repeatedly covering stories related to human suffering. This study investigates whether these journalists experienced higher rates of psychological distress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms than those who have been working during the pandemic yet covering stories other than COVID-19 and aims to identify what factors may protect journalists from developing trauma-related symptoms. We assessed journalists (n = 120) working during the COVID-19 pandemic using self-report measures. Journalists repeatedly covering COVID-19 stories had significantly higher psychological distress (η2 = 0.04) and PTSD symptoms (η2 = 0.08), but not depression, compared to journalists who did not report on COVID-19. Rumination and numbing in response to unwanted memories predicted PTSD symptoms (R2 = 0.53) and may be risk factors for PTSD in this population. Unhelpful resilience appraisals distinguished journalists who reported on COVID-19 and who developed distressing re-experiencing symptoms from those who similarly reported on distressing material and who did not develop symptoms. Targeting resilience appraisals may be helpful in reducing re-experiencing symptoms after trauma exposure.
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Seely, Natalee. "Journalists and mental health: The psychological toll of covering everyday trauma." Newspaper Research Journal 40, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739532919835612.
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Journalists are often first responders and eyewitnesses to violent news events. Trauma reporting can take its toll, resulting in mental health effects. Addressing the solution requires understanding the problem. This multimethod study used a national survey of journalists (N = 254) that shows that as trauma coverage frequency and intensity increase, so does the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. In-depth interviews offer personal narratives of effects from traumatic reporting. Common coping mechanisms include disconnecting from work in various ways, purging emotions, talking about trauma, and remembering their jobs’ higher purposes. Suggestions include humanizing the newsroom and teaching about trauma reporting.
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Barnes, Lyn. "COMMENTARY: A trauma shake-up: Are NZ graduates being prepared for the real world?" Pacific Journalism Review 19, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v19i1.250.
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Young journalists today are highly likely to cover traumatic incidents early in their careers, with many confronting trauma day to day. This pressure is exacerbated in the current economic climate and fast-paced changing world of journalism. New Zealand graduates are no exception. Few are prepared by their journalism schools to deal with trauma. Should they be taught these skills during their training or should they wait until they are in the workplace? Research has recommended the former for at least two decades. Perhaps it is time New Zealand caught up with many American and Australian journalism schools and introduced changes to the journalism curricula to ensure graduates are equipped with skills to recognise signs of stress in themselves as well as victims. The workplace can support this training with recognition and support, which has been shown to improve productivity and resilience.
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Anderson, Stephanie, and Brian Bourke. "Teaching Collegiate Journalists How to Cover Traumatic Events Using Moral Development Theory." Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 75, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695819891020.
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The authors make the argument that trauma journalism should be taught as part of the postsecondary curriculum in journalism schools. As part of that education, students will learn that coping with the psychological effects of repeated exposure to such events can have long-term impacts on their mental health. As Kohlberg and Rest found, students in college are at a pivotal point in their moral development. Education takes place as adolescents are developing key psychological skills, including moral and ethical decision-making. Collegiate journalists should be gaining these valuable reasoning skills as it relates to covering traumatic events.
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Muyideen, Ogunmefun Folorunsho, and Raheem Olalekan Akeem. "Sociological Implications on Safety of Journalism as a Profession in Nigeria." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 1, no. 1 (April 25, 2020): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v1i1.12.
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All over the world, Journalists are known as the fourth realm of the Estate charged with the responsibility of disseminating information to the societal members. Despite the contribution of the noble profession towards nation building, large number of journalist in the past and recent time in Nigeria faces series of challenges ranging from kidnapping, assault, harassment, torture, arbitrary detention, murder, imprisoned at the virtue of saving the nation. The gravity and magnitude of the prevalence insecurity in the profession has gotten to a state of psychological trauma and lost of interest for the profession. Several publications were reviewed; Anomie (Robert Merton) and Situational Crime Prevention (Ronald Clarke) theories were adopted. Qualitative method and purposive sampling technique was adopted in conducting in-depth interviews among 10 public members and 25 journalists from 4 media print Organisations, 3 radio stations and 2 television stations in Nigeria, In Nigeria journalist are faced with numerous insecurity issues and there is an urgent need to readdress the issues to save the nation from retrogressive development. Several recommendations are stated to safe the profession( a) the struggle for the survival of the profession should not be left alone to either the Government or the journalists it should be collectively addressed by all, More so, proactive methods, deterrence measures target hardening, access and facilitators control needs to be in placed to tackle the menace
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Ananthan, Gowri. "Trauma counseling for journalists: a profession in denial." Media Asia 44, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2017.1379814.
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Browne, Tess, Michael Evangeli, and Neil Greenberg. "Trauma-related guilt and posttraumatic stress among journalists." Journal of Traumatic Stress 25, no. 2 (April 2012): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.21678.
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Mason, Bonita. "Reporting Black Lives Matters: Deaths in custody journalism in Australia." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 26, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 202–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v26i2.1129.
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George Floyd’s death at the knee of USA police sparked protests and renewed reporting of Indigenous deaths in custody in Australia. As the 30th anniversary of the release of the final report of the Australian Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody approaches, it is timely to update Wendy Bacon’s 2005 research on deaths in custody journalism. While most deaths in custody continue to pass in judicial and media silence, this article, written from a white journalism academic’s perspective, includes instances of in-depth reporting since 2005, journalism that meets the Royal Commission’s observation that journalism can contribute to justice for Aboriginal people when it places deaths in custody in their social and moral contexts. It also includes mini-case study of the news coverage of Mr Ward’s 2008 death, which demonstrates the relationship between governmental or judicial processes and announcements and patterns of coverage. It also notes the effect that First Nations journalists are having on the prevalence, perspectives and depth of deaths in custody journalism. Information and resources are provided for journalists and journalism students to more effectively report Indigenous deaths in custody, include Indigenous voices in their stories, and to better understand trauma and take care of themselves, their sources and their communities
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Tandoc, Edson C., and Bruno Takahashi. "Journalists are humans, too: A phenomenology of covering the strongest storm on earth." Journalism 19, no. 7 (July 8, 2016): 917–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884916657518.
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This study focused on the phenomenology of covering a natural disaster by documenting the lived experience of 12 national and local journalists who covered Typhoon Haiyan when it hit the Philippines in November 2013. Studies that focused on journalists who covered natural disasters have identified their experiences as either journalists trying to balance their norms or as victims dealing with trauma. Our analysis brings these experiences together for a more holistic description of the experience of covering a natural disaster, arguing that one aspect of the experience cannot be understood without the other. Through an interpretative phenomenological analysis, this study found that the journalists experienced the storm as journalists, leaders, victims, and as community members. Such experiences were marked by liminal gaps, with one experience affecting the other.
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Joseph, Sue. "Chronicling Trauma: journalists and writers on violence and loss." Journalism Practice 6, no. 4 (August 2012): 588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.674842.
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Feinstein, Anthony, Bennis Pavisian, and Hannah Storm. "Journalists covering the refugee and migration crisis are affected by moral injury not PTSD." JRSM Open 9, no. 3 (March 2018): 205427041875901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2054270418759010.
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Objective To explore the emotional health of journalists covering the migrations of refugees across Europe. Design Descriptive. A secure website was established and participants were given their unique identifying number and password to access the site. Setting Newsrooms and in the field. Participants Responses were received from 80 (70.2%) of 114 journalists from nine news organisations. Main outcome measures Symptoms of PTSD (Impact of Events Scale-revised), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-Revised) and moral injury (Moral Injury Events Scale-revised). Results Symptoms of PTSD were not prominent, but those pertaining to moral injury and guilt were. Moral injury was associated with being a parent ( p = .031), working alone ( p = .02), a recent increase in workload ( p = .017), a belief that organisational support is lacking ( p = .046) and poor control over resources needed to report the story ( p = .027). A significant association was found between guilt and moral injury ( p = .01) with guilt more likely to occur in journalists who reported covering the migrant story close to home ( p = .011) and who divulged stepping outside their role as a journalist to assist migrants ( p = .014). Effect sizes ( d) ranged from .47 to .71. Conclusions On one level, the relatively low scores on conventional psychometric measures of PTSD and depression are reassuring. However, our data confirm that moral injury is a different construct from DSM-defined trauma response syndromes, one that potentially comes with its own set of long-term maladaptive behaviours and adjustment problems.
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Young, David S., and Michael Puntis. "Trauma Training for Journalists: Developing and Implementing an Intercultural Medical Curriculum for Journalists Working in Regions of Conflict." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 27, no. 3 (September 2016): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2016.06.040.
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Dworznik, Gretchen. "Book Review: Chronicling Trauma: Journalists and Writers on Violence and Loss." Journalism 13, no. 6 (July 6, 2012): 821–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884912438810.
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Clifford, Katrina. "Book Review: Chronicling Trauma: Journalists and Writers on Violence and Loss." Media International Australia 144, no. 1 (August 2012): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214400143.
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Lashmar, Paul. "7/7: A reflexive re-evaluation of journalistic practice." Journalism 20, no. 10 (September 3, 2018): 1307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884918797210.
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The suicide bombings of 7 July 2005 remain the most serious terror attacks in the United Kingdom to date in the so-called ‘war on terror’. Much has been published on the war on terror but few journalists have reflected on their practice post 9/11 and none on their domestic coverage of the 7/7 attacks. This article is written by a journalist who covered the London bombings for a UK national newspaper and more recently is a practitioner-academic. Using academic texts focusing on the domestic reporting of the war on terror as stimuli for scholarly reflection, this article reviews the author’s own coverage using reflexive practice and content analysis. This article places 7/7 in the continuum of reporting subsequent to 11 September 2001 (9/11) and issues discussed. Some 63 authored articles were considered from the period. Scholarly texts have proposed a range of concepts to analyse coverage from including political ritual, trauma, national wound and hegemony. This article concludes by noting that while many academic texts see coverage of terrorism as an elite discourse, dominated by political economy drivers and responding to events in a homogeneous reactivity, in practice, news organisations can have complex responses and journalists, agency in their coverage of major terrorism events.
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Zeng, Yuan. "Danger, trauma, and verification: eyewitnesses and the journalists who view their material." Media Asia 45, no. 1-2 (April 3, 2018): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2017.1533279.
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Skilbeck, Ruth. "Arts journalism and exiled writers: a case study of fugal, reflexive practice." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 15, no. 2 (October 1, 2009): 132–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v15i2.988.
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Arts journalism and reflective practice intersect in a new field of ‘journalism as research’ (Bacon 2006). This article takes an innovative approach informed by the multimodal, musical and psychogenic fugue to discuss a case study of arts journalism reflexive practice. The journalistic research topic is the impact of the traumatic journey of exiled writers on their creative writing, the empathetic effects of trauma and courage on their advocates and the impacts of researching trauma on the researcher. The journalistic, interview-based articles discussed in the case study are on exiled writers in Australia, Iranian poet-musician Mohsen Soltany Zand and Ivory Coast political journalist Cheikh Kone. In reflecting on processes of writing of the stories, the author begins to outline the foundations of an innovative, critical fugal methodology of reflexive practice for modes and pieces of arts journalism.
Image: Exiled Iranian poet-musician Mohsen Soltany Zand giving a reading at Bar Me, Kings Cross, Sydney, September 2007. Photo: Ruth Skilbeck
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Young, Mykaila. "Digital Trauma: The Reality and The Mean World. Media Coverage of Black Lives Matter Protests during Covid-19 Pandemic in the USA." Zeszyty Prasoznawcze 63, no. 4 (244) (2020): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/22996362pz.20.034.12700.
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This article seeks to establish to what extent does eyewitness user generated content influence social movements and feelings associated with vicarious/secondary trauma. Working with a sample of perspectives from activists, reporters, nurse practitioners, literary texts, and media articles this article explores the working hypothesis that eyewitness news and media narratives both play a role in cultivating environments of fear, mistrust, etc. that lead to vicarious/secondary trauma with a focus on the recent #BlackLivesMatter protests in the USA in June 2020. This article builds upon previous research facilitated by the Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma within the theoretical framework of George Gerbner’s Mean World Syndrome that focused on the influence of effects of violent media on individuals’ attitudes. This article explores the similar effects that the digital eyewitness uncensored viral video of George Floyd’s death had in producing feelings associated with vicarious/secondary trauma among a sample of viewers that were directly involved in the nationwide protests during the global pandemic in America. The value of the article is twofold: it presents up to date research material obtained while conducting interviews with journalists who covered the protests and activists involved with the current social movements in America; it highlights the challenges to broadcasting for reporters and newsroom workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the interviews show that nearly all the respondents associated distressing content with feelings and emotions related to trauma induced anxieties and fears as a result of eyewitness media. Positive news coverage was reported as having a positive effect that encouraged people to understand the historical context of the Black Lives Matter movement. Most of my interviewees found distressing images “numbing” or too familiar. The article shows the media consumers’ feelings developed as a result of “virtually inescapable” graphic content.
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McMahon, Cait. "Building resilience in the war zone against hidden injury." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v16i1.1006.
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Commentary: Psychological impacts of covering trauma such as war, or indeed any disaster with loss of life and tragedy, have the capacity to challenge the media professional to develop professional and personal skills. ‘Lessons learned’ from experience will enhance capacity considerably; however there are also the potential negative effects that can cause harm to some. These effects are rarely spoken about in the newsroom, nor are they generally included in any useable detail when journalists undergo hazardous environment training.
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Talbott, J. A. "Witnessing Trauma in the Newsroom: Posttraumatic Symptoms in Television Journalists Exposed to Violent News Clips." Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health 2011 (January 2011): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0084-3970(10)79428-7.
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Newman, Elana, and Susan Drevo. "Journalists as partners in early response to trauma: agreements, tensions, and future directions to aid collaboration." European Journal of Psychotraumatology 6, no. 1 (June 11, 2015): 28544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v6.28544.
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Martins, Paulo. "Respect for privacy begins when gathering information." Comunicação e Sociedade 25 (June 30, 2014): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.25(2014).1868.
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The news treatment of issues at risk of invading the private sphere calls for an evaluation of the underlying public interest. The exercise of balancing values - right to information and right to privacy – occurs not only at the time of information transmission; it must be observed since the process of collecting, in order to reduce the damage caused. This article raises questions such as contact with citizens, including children, the conduct of journalists in trauma situations, voluntary exposure of privacy by public or anonymous figures, as well as hearing people under charges and the use of unconventional research methods, which may cause privacy violations. Taking closely into account the standards set in ethical instruments, this reflection covers specific cases.
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Idås, Trond, K. Backholm, and J. Korhonen. "Trauma in the newsroom: social support, post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth among journalists working with terror." European Journal of Psychotraumatology 10, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 1620085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2019.1620085.
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Velin, Lotta, Mbonyintwari Donatien, Andreas Wladis, Menelas Nkeshimana, Robert Riviello, Jean-Marie Uwitonze, Jean-Claude Byiringiro, Faustin Ntirenganya, and Laura Pompermaier. "Systematic media review: A novel method to assess mass-trauma epidemiology in absence of databases—A pilot-study in Rwanda." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): e0258446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258446.
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Objective Surge capacity refers to preparedness of health systems to face sudden patient inflows, such as mass-casualty incidents (MCI). To strengthen surge capacity, it is essential to understand MCI epidemiology, which is poorly studied in low- and middle-income countries lacking trauma databases. We propose a novel approach, the “systematic media review”, to analyze mass-trauma epidemiology; here piloted in Rwanda. Methods A systematic media review of non-academic publications of MCIs in Rwanda between January 1st, 2010, and September 1st, 2020 was conducted using NexisUni, an academic database for news, business, and legal sources previously used in sociolegal research. All articles identified by the search strategy were screened using eligibility criteria. Data were extracted in a RedCap form and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings Of 3187 articles identified, 247 met inclusion criteria. In total, 117 MCIs were described, of which 73 (62.4%) were road-traffic accidents, 23 (19.7%) natural hazards, 20 (17.1%) acts of violence/terrorism, and 1 (0.09%) boat collision. Of Rwanda’s 30 Districts, 29 were affected by mass-trauma, with the rural Western province most frequently affected. Road-traffic accidents was the leading MCI until 2017 when natural hazards became most common. The median number of injured persons per event was 11 (IQR 5–18), and median on-site deaths was 2 (IQR 1–6); with natural hazards having the highest median deaths (6 [IQR 2–18]). Conclusion In Rwanda, MCIs have decreased, although landslides/floods are increasing, preventing a decrease in trauma-related mortality. By training journalists in “mass-casualty reporting”, the potential of the “systematic media review” could be further enhanced, as a way to collect MCI data in settings without databases.
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Waszkiewicz, Agata, and Martyna Bakun. "Towards the aesthetics of cozy video games." Journal of Gaming & Virtual Worlds 12, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgvw_00017_1.
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While among game journalists and developers the term ‘cozy games’ has recently been gaining popularity, the concept still rarely is discussed in detail in academic circles. While game scholars put more and more focus on the new types of casual games that concentrate mostly on starting discourses on mental health, trauma and the experiences of marginalized people (often referred to as ‘empathy games’), the discussion would benefit from the introduction of the concept of coziness and the use of more precise definitions. The article discusses cozy aesthetics, showing that their popularity correlates with sociopolitical changes especially in Europe and the United States. First, cozy games are defined in the context of feminist and inclusive design. Second, it proposes three types of application of coziness in games depending on their relationship with functionality: coherent, dissonant and situational.
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Moreno-Álvarez, Alejandra. "Believe Me, Do not Believe Me: Jhumpa Lahiri and the Royal Family of Oudh." Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, no. 83 (2021): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.recaesin.2021.83.05.
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In Interpreter of Maladies (1999) Jhumpa Lahiri gives voice to Boori Ma, a durwan (doorkeeper) who chronicles about the easier times she enjoyed before deportation to Kolkata (previously known as Calcutta, India) after Partition of 1947. Lahiri plays with the word real implying that Boori Ma’s stories could be deciphered as real or not. Boori Ma’s fictitious life resembles the one of the Royal Family of Oudh, which Lahiri seems to be inspired by. Foreign correspondents (Kaufman, 1981; Miles, 1985; Barry, 2019) did not question the veracity of this family’s life story. In the present article, the two stories are compared: a literary and a real one. It is our intention to prove that traumatic experiences, such as Partition, cause subjects to imagine an alternative life; strategy which is unconsciously activated to heal trauma (LaCapra, 1999; Mookerjea-Leonard, 2017). The latter is what western journalists and readers failed to acknowledge
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van der Merwe, Mariette. "Trauma and journalism: Commentary on the narrative trauma account of one journalist." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 26, no. 1 (January 2005): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560054.2005.9653323.
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Aquilina, Peter Vincent, David Booth, Brandon Pincombe, Gary Hanly, Kym Meaney, and Sam Darvishi. "Detecting stress from imaging photoplethysmography using high frame rate video and a yellow-green filter: A pilot study." ANZIAM Journal 61 (September 26, 2020): C273—C287. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v61i0.15186.
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We investigate the use of a yellow-green filter to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (snr) in imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) and test if high frame rate (HFR) video improves the accuracy of the derived heart rate variability (HRV). This pilot study is associated with a broader program to use iPPG to detect and monitor stress levels using HRV. To improve the snr of the iPPG signal, we employ two HFR colour video cameras of which one was fitted with a yellow-green filter (corresponding to the haemoglobin absorption peak within the visible spectrum). To our knowledge, the benefit of a yellow-green filter has never been explored. The predominant influence on HRV comes from the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which connects directly to the heart and cues the human body to relax or to stress. The linkage of HRV to the ANS makes HRV a proxy for stress levels. The HRV is derived from the iPPG signal by first using a cubic spline interpolation for more precise peak detection, and then calculating the inter-beat intervals from the peak-to-peak time differences. Instead of interpolating the signal, we hypothesise that a more accurate HRV measurement can be obtained using a HFR video camera, in our case at 200 frames per second. References E. B. Blackford, J. R. Estepp, and D. J. McDuff. Remote spectral measurements of the blood volume pulse with applications for imaging photoplethysmography. In G. L. Cote, editor, Optical Diagnostics and Sensing XVIII: Toward Point-of-Care Diagnostics, volume 10501, page 105010Z. International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 2018. doi:10.1117/12.2291073. M. Brayne. Trauma and Journalism: A Guide For Journalists, Editors and Managers. DART Center for Journalism and Trauma, 2007. https://dartcenter.org/sites/default/files/DCE_JournoTraumaHandbook.pdf. L. F. C. Martinez, G. Paez, and M. Strojnik. Optimal wavelength selection for noncontact reflection photoplethysmography. In Proceedings of the 22nd Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Light for the Development of the World, volume 8011, page 801191. International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 2011. doi:10.1117/12.903190. Y. Sun, S. Hu, V. Azorin-Peris, R. Kalawsky, and S. E. Greenwald. Noncontact imaging photoplethysmography to effectively access pulse rate variability. J. Biomed. Optics, 18(6):061205, 2013. doi:10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.061205. A. M. Unakafov. Pulse rate estimation using imaging photoplethysmography: generic framework and comparison of methods on a publicly available dataset. Biomed. Phys. Eng. Exp., 4(4):045001, 2018. doi:10.1088/2057-1976/aabd09.
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van der Merwe, M. "Media Forum: Trauma and journalism: Commentary on the narrative trauma account of one journalist." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/ajs.26.1.128.
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Ventresca, Matt. "The Curious Case of CTE: Mediating Materialities of Traumatic Brain Injury." Communication & Sport 7, no. 2 (March 11, 2018): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479518761636.
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This article investigates how media discourses are sites for multiple “becomings” of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurobiological condition associated with repetitive brain trauma. I explain that these discourses are contexts in which multiple actors (journalists, scientists, athletes, and sports organizations) struggle to represent the material complexities of CTE through competing ways of knowing. My analysis reveals two tensions underlying debates about sport-related traumatic brain injury. First, my examination reveals discursive clashes between emotionally charged representations of CTE as an urgent public health problem and commentary cautioning audiences about the scientific uncertainty surrounding CTE. I illuminate how, in the face of this uncertainty, scientific conclusiveness remains privileged as the basis for meaningful action to improve athletes’ health. Second, inconsistencies across representations I examined illustrate how CTE defies a straightforward material-semiotic divide. These contradictions demonstrate how the materialities of CTE exceed the medico-scientific and lay discourses through which the condition is commonly known. I argue that such limitations should not enable stakeholders to overlook calls for drastic changes to how sports are played or deflect questions about how sports violence impacts athletes’ lives. Instead, this level of uncertainty should accelerate (rather than delay) challenges to socially acceptable levels of sports violence.
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Dokmanovic, Mirjana. "Invisible victims of non-ethical reporting on suicide in Serbia." Temida 22, no. 3 (2019): 263–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1903263d.
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The subject of this paper is the analysis of the way the daily printing in Serbia is engaged in the reporting on suicide and the level of respect of the Code of Ethics of Serbian Journalists. The aim of thee paper is to present and analyse the findings of the research on the manner of reporting on cases of suicide in electronic editions of eight daily newspapers in the period from 1st January to 30th September 2018. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the media content, including photographs and video footage was performed. The research findings showed that only two dailies out of eight fully followed the professional and ethical conduct for journalists. In total, 223 articles have been published about cases of suicide. Out of this number, the Code of Ethics has been violated in 147 articles (65.9%). In 40 articles media un-ethically reported on cases of suicide of children and minors. The most frequent methods of the Code of Ethics? violations include: disrespect of dignity, privacy and grief of people who have experienced the death from suicide of a loved one, publishing photographs of the scene of a given suicide, and pictures of an individual who has died by suicide and of his/her family members, and using language which sensationalises suicide. Due to unethical reporting, members of the family of the persons who committed suicide have been exposed to additional trauma and stigmatization, thus becoming invisible victims of irresponsible media reporting. The analysis of the legal and institutional framework has shown that mechanisms for the protection of their right to privacy and dignity are in place. Beside court protection, the victims of non-ethical reporting may seek protection from the Press Council, an independent self-regulatory body that has been established for monitoring the observance of the Code of Ethics and solving complaints made by individuals and institutions related to media content. However, it has been found that the traumatised and stigmatised family members very rarely use these opportunities provided. The analysis of the complaint proceedings before the Press Complaints Commission from the beginning of its work in September 2011 to 2019 showed that only three persons filed complaints against media seeking protection of their right to privacy and dignity.
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Lee, Seung-Hyun, and Young-Ae Lee. "A Study on the Characteristics of Responses to Draw-A-Person-in-the-Rain According to the Experience Level of Psychological Trauma and Work Engagement of Journalists." Journal of Arts Psychotherapy 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32451/kjoaps.2021.17.1.365.
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Vymetal, Stepan. "Central System of Psychosocial Support to the Czech Victims Affected by the Tsunami in Southeast Asia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 21, S1 (February 2006): S27—S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00015843.
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AbstractThe Tsunami disaster affected several countries in Southeast Asia in December 2004 and killed or affected many tourists, most of them from Europe. Eight Czech citizens died, and about 500 Czechs were seriously mentally traumatized. The psychosocial needs of tourists included: (1) protection; (2) treatment; (3) safety; (4) relief; (5) psychological first aid; (6) connecting with family members; (7) transportation home; (8) information about possible mental reactions to trauma; (9) information about the normality of their reaction; (10) procedural and environmental orientation; (11) reinforcement of personal competencies; and (12) psycho-trauma therapy.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic was in charge of general emergency management. General coordination of psychosocial support was coordinated under the Ministry of Interior of the Czech Republic, which is connected to the Central Crisis Staff of the Czech Government. The major cooperative partners were: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Health, Czech Airlines, psychosocial intervention teams of the Czech Republic, and the Czech Association of Clinical Psychologists.The main goals of relief workers were: (1) to bring back home the maximum number of Czech citizens; (2) to provide relevant information to the maximum number of affected Czech citizens; (3) to provide relevant information to rescue workers and professionals; and (4) to prepare working psychosocial support regional network.Major activities of the Ministry of Interior (psychology section) included: (1) establishing a psychological helpline; (2) running a team of psychological assistance (assistance in the Czech airports, psychological monitoring of tourists, crisis intervention, psychological first aid, assistance in the collection of DNA material from relatives); (3) drafting and distributing specific information materials (brochures, leaflets, address lists, printed and electronic instructions); (4) communicating via the media and advertising; and (5) providing analysis and research studies.Central coordination of psychosocial support has been found as successful in the first phase after the disaster. The plans must be built for preferable cooperation in the psychosocial field in the Czech Republic. Better collaborates with journalists must exist in order to reduce secondary psycho-trauma.There is a need for intensive international cooperation in the psychosocial field and to build the network at the global level.
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Dworznik, Gretchen. "JOURNALISM AND TRAUMA." Journalism Studies 7, no. 4 (August 2006): 534–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616700600757977.
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Vine, Josie. "A Belated Submission to the Select Committee on the Future of Public Interest Journalism." Asia Pacific Media Educator 27, no. 2 (October 25, 2017): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1326365x17728829.
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Submissions to this year’s Select Committee on the Future of Public Interest Journalism pointed out that journalism tertiary education—students under the guidance of experienced and well-respected journalism practitioners—is in a position to help revive investigative and civic journalism. As Edith Cowan’s Kayt Davies (2014) pointed out as far back as 2014, public interest journalism practised in tertiary journalism programmes could potentially be funded through bodies such as the Australian Research Council (ARC) and the research grants system. Such revenue sources not only transcend the business model but also exist at a relatively acceptable arm’s length from the government. However, research—journalism or otherwise—is ineligible for ARC funding without academic research ethics committee approval. Unfortunately, the process of applying for approval from a committee, whose terms of reference are guided by an academy-approved, government-developed document (i.e., the National Statement), is so offensive to journalistic ideology that it renders the whole concept of public interest journalism in the university sector untenable. This essay examines the National Statement and draws similarities between its values and beliefs and professional journalism ideology (as articulated by the Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance (MEAA), the Australian Press Council, the Dart Centre for Journalism and Trauma and the Hunter Institute for Mental Health). It then explores inbuilt flexibilities in the National Statement that offer journalism as a research methodology, a means of maintaining its independence. It then finishes with an updated survey of how journalism programmes around Australia negotiate the conflict between academic research ethics and professional ideology while engaging in practice-based research. In short, this essay explores options for the revival of public interest journalism that are acceptable to both academy and journalism sensibilities.
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Mahmutović, Mirza. "Medijska konstrukcija kolektivnih sjećanja: Tretman prošlosti u polju novinarstva, s osvrtom na postdejtonsku Bosnu i Hercegovinu." Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education 13, no. 2 2013 (2013): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53617/issn2744-2047.2013.13.2.39.
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In this work we critically consider the practice of treating history in the area of journalism respectively media as an distinctive institutional arena of contemporary communities for establishment, maintenance and transformation of common frameworks of understanding and commemorating of certain episodes from the past. We intent to offer plausible explanations regarding the relations between ''culture of remembrances'' and ''culture of reporting''. Article suggests how to approach the often misunderstood history in informative activitiy, which in its field of action and by definition does not have the dimension of history but the dimension of social situation of contemporariness. We also form the key operations and strategies used in shaping the repertoire of journalistic reports on the past. Described practices we study on the example of post-Dayton BiH, analysing media treatment of conflict areas during the recent war history. Legitimisation of ethnic-national visions of the past through the discourse of reporting has been recognised as the dominant way of working in the ''media memory filed''. Two key paradoxes of these practices are highlighted: coexistence of opposite discourses of commemoration and codification of abjection experiences by the same group of significations which have initially inducted the war traumas. We point out at least two conditions which facilitate these paradoxes: ambiguity of the past, concpetion of time which is assumed by post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina as an inherently uncompleted/imperfect country and technologies of culturised steering of trauma, which is being used by regimes of therapeutic/transitional justice'' to cope with disturbing history in post-conflict communities.
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Кuznetsova, Olena. "THREATS TO THE FREEDOM OF LOCAL NEWSPAPERS OF UKRAINE UNDER QUARANTINE." Bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National University: journalism 1, no. 2 (2021): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sjs2021.02.058.
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Media freedom in Ukraine which is one of the fundamental basics of civil society development, guarantor of the up-to-date, verified and objective information in conditions of pandemic, infodemic and economical crisis with ecological catastrophe, came under influence of threats which are slowing the democratic development and are complicating the exit from quarantine. Threats to media freedom during pandemic are existing at legislative, economical, financial and human rights defense levels. In conditions of quarantine, economic crisis, infodemic and ecological catastrophe journalists have no access to official events of power bodies, do not attend their sittings. This caused lowering the opportunity to control the transparence of the work of power authorities and other institutions. Due to the economic crisis caused by COVID-19 quarantine a serious threat to media freedom in Ukraine appeared. Regional, city and district printed newspapers which are the closest to their readers by content have suffered on it. Quarantine conditions made especially hard the results of ecological catastrophe in Western Ukraine due to raising the water level in mountaineous rivers up to 10 metres and following severe floods which destroyed roads, bridges, buildings and access to Internet communication. Based on the situation analysis, threats to media freedom and rights of journalists have been differentiated, researches of violation of media freedom in Ukraine during period of quarantine (March-July 2020) by the Institute of Mass Information (IMI) and media materials about detaining Ukrainian journalists in Russian prisons during the war on Donbas were reviewed and summarized. The following methods assisted to fulfillment the tasks of research: analysis of documents about regulation of media freedom of international organizations where Ukraine is a member – United Nations, the Council of Europe, OSCE, International Federation of Journalists, comparative analysis of data by international organization “Reporters without Frontiers”, statistical analysis of polls of chief editors of local newspapers by National Union of Journalists of Ukraine. In order to support democratic development of Ukraine, defense of freedom of the local press, its journalists and other staff threats to freedom of Ukrainian regional, district an city newspapers and to journalists’ security had been identified and differentiated, the necessity to fasten in Ukrainian legislation the status of journalism as one of the key spheres of the country’s information security in fightning with pandemic and infodemic had been proved, legislative ways of counterfeiting threats to media freedom had been developed. In particular, in order to reduce threats to media freedom in Ukraine it is necessary to amend Civil, Criminal, Labour codes and the Code of administrative violations by including there articles which proclaim the key status of journalists’ activity in conditions of COVID-19 quarantine. These changes are necessary in order to obtain: legislative guarrantees for obtaining social defense by journalists who suffered violations, to introduce the mandatory insurance of life and health for the costs of the owner of the media; mandatory insurance of journalists and editorial technics (video and photo cameras, notebooks, tablets, smartphones and other digital technics) for costs of media owners; to arrange up-to-date medical treatment, social and psychological support and medical-psychological rehabilitation to journalists who survived illnesses, physical and psychological injuries during their professional work for costs of guilty party and those who organized beatings, injuries and traumas against them. The results of research have very important scientific and practical meaning for improving media freedom and journalists’ security because they widen media-theoretical, theoretical and law presentations about threats to media freedom in Ukraine in pandemic conditions, assist the opposition to infodemic, prove the legal support of journalists’ security and assist to readers’ rights for prompt information without disinformation.
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Salim, Lydiana, and Akhmad Ramdhon. "DINAMIKA KONFLIK KERUSUHAN MEI 1998 DI KOTA SURAKARTA MELALUI PERSPEKTIF KORBAN." Journal of Development and Social Change 3, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jodasc.v3i1.41678.
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<p>The May 1998 riots that occurred were the result of a collection of political, social and economic events that occurred during the New Order. Events of the May 1998 riots in the city of Surakarta had a great influence on the lives of the victims. In the aftermath of the May 1998 riots, several victims were declared traumatized to the extent of damaging their homes and businesses. The purpose of this study was to determine the chronology of the May 1998 riots and analyze the dynamics of the May 1998 riots in the city of Surakarta. The theory in this research is the Conflict theory from Ralf Dahrendorf. This type of research is a qualitative research with an ethnographic approach in the city of Surakarta. The sampling technique with snowball sampling technique. The research informants consisted of student activists and formal organizations, journalists, religious leaders and victims of the May 1998 incident. Data were collected by observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. To test data validity with source triangulation. The data analysis technique uses an interactive analysis model from Miles and Huberman.<strong> </strong>The results showed that the May 1998 riots which occurred for two days caused damage and material losses. Mass amok movements occur regularly by doing damage, looting to arson in every corner of the city. After the May 1998 riots, the city's economic sector did not work. Some entrepreneurs were forced to stop production for a while due to the damage they experienced. Post-disaster economic reconstruction is carried out by the government and community groups by providing assistance to victims. From social conditions, after the May 1998 riots some victims decided to flee to areas that were safe from conflict. After the riots of May 1998 victims were pressured by the community in the form of negative stigma. Discomfort and fear experienced by the people after the riots began to be addressed by involving religious institutions. Religious institutions work together in creating communication forums between communities. in terms of the psychological condition of the people after the riots, some victims experienced trauma from witnessing firsthand the atrocities that occurred.<strong></strong></p>
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Anker, Johan. "Poetic devices as part of the trauma narrative in Country of My Skull." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 54, no. 1 (March 24, 2017): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/tvl.v.54i1.5.
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This article investigates the role of poetic devices in a trauma narrative like Country of My Skull. The nature and characteristics of a trauma narrative are described with reference to Country of My Skull and Antjie Krog's style as poet and journalist. The theory and role of figurative language in trauma narratives suggest an attempt to describe that which is indescribable and unrepresentable about traumatic events and experiences like Krog attempts to do in Country of My Skull. Different tropes like skull, language, body, sounds and landscape or country are identified and followed through the text as part of the working through of a traumatic experience. Krog is the narrator in this 'highly personal account', describing the traumatic testimonies of witnesses during the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission. She is confronted with her own traumatic experience as secondary witness to these events as a reporter, journalist, and translator-interpreter of stories of unspeakable horror. The broadening of perspective in the different tropes shows signs of the working through of this trauma and the process of healing to the reintegration of a divided, fragmented identity and agency.
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SIMON, D. "A Journalist's Eye View of the Trauma Physician's Dilemma." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 118, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 577–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1992.01880060025006.
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Rentschler, Carrie A. "TRAUMA TRAINING AND THE REPARATIVE WORK OF JOURNALISM." Cultural Studies 24, no. 4 (July 2010): 447–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09502380903215275.
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