Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trauma reminders

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Trauma reminders'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Trauma reminders"

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Bellet, Benjamin W., Payton J. Jones, and Richard J. McNally. "Self-Triggering? An Exploration of Individuals Who Seek Reminders of Trauma." Clinical Psychological Science 8, no. 4 (June 1, 2020): 739–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702620917459.

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Trauma survivors who self-trigger, or seek reminders of their traumatic events, have been noted in the clinical literature but have not yet been the subject of a systematic empirical inquiry. This article presents the results of two exploratory studies of self-triggering. In Study 1 ( N = 545), we estimated the behavior’s clinical relevance among trauma survivors. In Study 2 ( N = 360), we examined descriptive characteristics of self-triggering as well as potential motivations for the behavior. We found that self-triggering is uniquely associated with more severe symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Self-triggering takes place via a wide variety of methods and can become compulsive for many individuals. Reasons endorsed for self-triggering comprised several broad motives, but the desire to make meaning of one’s trauma was most predictive of self-triggering frequency. Limitations, clinical implications, and directions for further research are discussed.
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Nickerson, Angela, Benjamin Garber, Belinda J. Liddell, Brett T. Litz, Stefan G. Hofmann, Anu Asnaani, Ola Ahmed, et al. "Impact of Cognitive Reappraisal on Negative Affect, Heart Rate, and Intrusive Memories in Traumatized Refugees." Clinical Psychological Science 5, no. 3 (May 2017): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702617690857.

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While cognitive reappraisal represents a promising emotion regulation strategy to assist refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in managing responses to trauma reminders, there has been no experimental research investigating its efficacy in reducing intrusions and negative affect in this group. In this study, 76 refugees and asylum-seekers with varying levels of PTSD received instructions in cognitive reappraisal or emotional suppression before viewing emotional images depicting trauma-related scenes. Findings indicated that cognitive reappraisal led to fewer subsequent image-related intrusions in refugees high in PTSD symptoms. Trait suppression moderated the efficacy of cognitive reappraisal such that participants high in PTSD who had low levels of trait suppression reported significantly lower levels of negative affect when using cognitive reappraisal compared to emotional suppression. These findings highlight the potential utility of cognitive reappraisal when assisting individuals with PTSD to manage responses trauma reminders and for informing the treatment of the psychological effects of the refugee experience.
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Crenshaw, David A. "Clinical Tools to Facilitate Treatment of Childhood Traumatic Grief." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 51, no. 3 (November 2005): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/12md-epqx-47dy-kw0x.

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Cohen and Mannarino (2004) define childhood traumatic grief (CTG) as “a condition in which trauma symptoms impinge on children's ability to negotiate the normal grieving process” (p. 819). Brown and Goodman (2005) add further clarification, “According to our current understanding of CTG and normal grief, thoughts and images of a traumatic nature are so terrifying, horrific, and anxiety provoking that they cause the child to avoid and shut out these thoughts and images that would be comforting reminders of the person who died. In contrast, a child who does not have intrusive reminders, or who did not experience the death as traumatic, is able to access the person in memory in a manner that is positive and beneficial to integrating the death in his or her total life experience” (pp. 255, 257). The distressing and intrusive images, reminders, and thoughts of the traumatic circumstances of the death, along with the physiological hyperarousal associated with such re-experiencing, prevent the child from proceeding in a healthy way with the grieving process. In addition, while such children are ordinarily excluded from studies of empirically validated treatment studies because of severity and co-morbidity of their conditions, clinicians often see youngsters where traumatic death has been superimposed on a history of multiple losses and in some cases socio-cultural trauma and/or major psychiatric disorders in the child or family. The projective drawing and storytelling strategies and the evocative technique described in this article are intended to offer clinicians additional tools to deal with such seriously impacted youth so that the trauma work can be approached in the relative safety of symbolism and metaphor prior to directly confronting the trauma events.
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Verwoerd, Johan, Ineke Wessel, Peter J. de Jong, and Maurice M. W. Nieuwenhuis. "Preferential processing of visual trauma-film reminders predicts subsequent intrusive memories." Cognition & Emotion 23, no. 8 (December 2009): 1537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699930802457952.

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Brindley, P. G., and M. Douma. "Resuscitation following penetrating abdominal and pelvic trauma: Novel insights and useful reminders." Resuscitation 84, no. 12 (December 2013): e147-e148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.07.017.

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Glad, Kristin A., Tine K. Jensen, Gertrud S. Hafstad, and Grete Dyb. "Posttraumatic stress disorder and exposure to trauma reminders after a terrorist attack." Journal of Trauma & Dissociation 17, no. 4 (December 18, 2015): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2015.1126777.

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Du, Xue, Yu Li, Qian Ran, Pilyoung Kim, Barbara L. Ganzel, GuangSheng Liang, Lei Hao, Qinglin Zhang, Huaqing Meng, and Jiang Qiu. "Subliminal trauma reminders impact neural processing of cognitive control in adults with developmental earthquake trauma: a preliminary report." Experimental Brain Research 234, no. 3 (December 15, 2015): 905–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-015-4502-7.

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Glad, Kristin A., Gertrud S. Hafstad, Tine K. Jensen, and Grete Dyb. "A longitudinal study of psychological distress and exposure to trauma reminders after terrorism." Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 9, Suppl 1 (August 2017): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000224.

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Verwoerd, Johan, Ineke Wessel, and Peter J. de Jong. "Fewer intrusions after an attentional bias modification training for perceptual reminders of analogue trauma." Cognition & Emotion 26, no. 1 (January 2012): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.563521.

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Lazarov, Amit, Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez, Ofir Levi, Daniel D. L. Coppersmith, Gadi Lubin, Daniel S. Pine, Yair Bar-Haim, Rany Abend, and Yuval Neria. "Symptom structure of PTSD and co-morbid depressive symptoms – a network analysis of combat veteran patients." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 13 (August 27, 2019): 2154–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719002034.

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AbstractBackgroundDespite extensive research, symptom structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly debated. The network approach to psychopathology offers a novel method for understanding and conceptualizing PTSD. However, extant studies have mainly used small samples and self-report measures among sub-clinical populations, while also overlooking co-morbid depressive symptoms.MethodsPTSD symptom network topology was estimated in a sample of 1489 treatment-seeking veteran patients based on a clinician-rated PTSD measure. Next, clinician-rated depressive symptoms were incorporated into the network to assess their influence on PTSD network structure. The PTSD-symptom network was then contrasted with the network of 306 trauma-exposed (TE) treatment-seeking patients not meeting full criteria for PTSD to assess corresponding network differences. Finally, a directed acyclic graph (DAG) was computed to estimate potential directionality among symptoms, including depressive symptoms and daily functioning.ResultsThe PTSD symptom network evidenced robust reliability. Flashbacks and getting emotionally upset by trauma reminders emerged as the most central nodes in the PTSD network, regardless of the inclusion of depressive symptoms. Distinct clustering emerged for PTSD and depressive symptoms within the comorbidity network. DAG analysis suggested a key triggering role for re-experiencing symptoms. Network topology in the PTSD sample was significantly distinct from that of the TE sample.ConclusionsFlashbacks and psychological reactions to trauma reminders, along with their strong connections to other re-experiencing symptoms, have a pivotal role in the clinical presentation of combat-related PTSD among veterans. Depressive and posttraumatic symptoms constitute two separate diagnostic entities, but with meaningful between-disorder connections, suggesting two mutually-influential systems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trauma reminders"

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Amasia, Magnusson Carolin. "Flyktingskap och nyhetsmedia : EN KVALITATIV STUDIE OM FLYKTINGAR, MEDIEEXPONERING OCH VÄLBEFINNANDE." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162738.

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Studien undersökte hur välbefinnandet hos personer med flykerfarenhet påverkas både momentant och långsiktigt av exponering av nyhetsmedia kring andra människor på flykt, och hantering av de känslor som uppkommer. Detta gjordes genom skriftliga intervjuer och analyserades med hjälp av tidigare forskning och teori kring känslohantering genom innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att medieexponering gav upphov till minnen och ett brett spektrum av känslor. Vissa av känslorna var gemensamma men hanteringen av dessa skiljde sig åt, vilket kan ha betydande konsekvenser på ett samhälleligt plan.
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Isakson, Brian Louis. ""Getting better" after torture from the perspective of the survivor." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07162008-102405/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. Gregory Jurkovic, committee chair; Roderick Watts, Julia Perilla, Gregory Brack, committee members. Electronic text ( 197 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed October 8, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 164-186).
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Books on the topic "Trauma reminders"

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Roy, Michael J., Albert Rizzo, JoAnn Difede, and Barbara O. Rothbaum. Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for PTSD. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190205959.003.0013.

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Expert treatment guidelines and consensus statements identified imaginal exposure therapy as a first-line treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) more than a decade ago. Subsequently, an Institute of Medicine report concluded that cognitive–behavioral therapy with exposure therapy is the only therapy with sufficient evidence to recommend it for PTSD. Imaginal exposure has been the most widely used exposure approach. It requires patients to recall and narrate their traumatic experience repeatedly, in progressively greater detail, both to facilitate the therapeutic processing of related emotions and to decondition the learning cycle of the disorder via a habituation–extinction process. Prolonged exposure, one of the best-evidenced forms of exposure therapy, incorporates psychoeducation, controlled breathing techniques, in vivo exposure, prolonged imaginal exposure to traumatic memories, and processing of traumatic material, typically for 9 to 12 therapy sessions of about 90 minutes each. However, avoidance of reminders of the trauma is a defining feature of PTSD, so it is not surprising that many patients are unwilling or unable to visualize effectively and recount traumatic events repeatedly. Some studies of imaginal exposure have reported 30% to 50% dropout rates before completion of treatment. Adding to the challenge, some patients have an aversion to “traditional” psychotherapy as well as to pharmacotherapy, and may find alternative approaches more appealing. Younger individuals in particular may be attracted to virtual reality-based therapies.
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Stoddard Jr, Frederick J., David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Future Directions in Clinical Care, Research, and Nosology. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0030.

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The science of the study of trauma and stress has accelerated as never before, due to increased recognition of the need, greater capabilities for the research, and expanding knowledge. The increased understanding of underlying mechanisms of psychopathology may lead to better diagnostics that are biologically based and to improving the development of novel therapeutics, especially in device-based neurotherapeutics. Similarly, a greater understanding of the neurobiology of trauma- and stressor-related disorders is shifting its nosology towards a dimensional rather than categorical approach. While the acceleration of scientific discovery is exciting, much more is still needed to address the global burden of trauma and stress across all age groups. While history suggests that trauma and stressors surely lie ahead for our society, it also reminds us that our knowledge, understanding, and hope will continue to foster advances for those who need care.
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Markowitz, John C. Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190465599.001.0001.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, debilitating public health problem. It is a treatable condition, but the predominant approach to treatment has involved exposing patients to their worst fears, the reminders of their traumas. Many patients and therapists find this process unpleasant, and exposure-based treatment does not help everyone. We recently studied Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), a non-exposure treatment that focuses on restoring the numbed emotions of patients with PTSD and helping patients use them to reconstruct a sense of safety in their environment. IPT focuses on patients’ feelings as helpful signals in current interpersonal encounters, not on reconstructing past traumatic events. IPT worked as well as Prolonged Exposure, the best-tested exposure-based treatment, in a randomized controlled trial for patients with chronic PTSD. Moreover, IPT had advantages for the half of patients who suffered both from PTSD and from major depression. This book describes for clinicians the use of IPT and its emotion- and attachment-based approach.
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Book chapters on the topic "Trauma reminders"

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Weissman, Myrna M., John C. Markowitz, and Gerald L. Klerman. "Trauma- and Stress-Related Disorders." In The Guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy, edited by Myrna M. Weissman, John C. Markowitz, and Gerald L. Klerman, 193–98. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190662592.003.0022.

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This chapter covers the use of IPT for patients with trauma- and stress-related disorders, namely posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and adjustment disorders. Psychotherapies for PTSD have almost invariably focused on exposing patients to reminders of past traumas, but some patients refuse or cannot tolerate this approach. In contrast, IPT focuses not on the traumatic event but rather on its devastating interpersonal consequences. In IPT patients are not asked to confront and reconstruct the trauma but rather to improve how they handle their daily social interactions. The limited research on IPT for PTSD has had exciting outcomes. Use of IPT in this area is still new, however, and more research is needed to understand its efficacy in veterans and other traumatized populations.
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Foa, Edna B., Elizabeth A. Hembree, Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, and Sheila A. M. Rauch. "Foundations of Prolonged Exposure." In Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD, 1–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926939.003.0001.

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Foundations of prolonged exposure (PE) include (1) education about common reactions to trauma, what maintains trauma-related symptoms, and how PE reduces posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; (2) repeated in vivo confrontation with situations, people, or objects that the patient is avoiding because they are trauma-related and cause emotional distress such as anxiety, shame, or guilt; and (3) repeated, prolonged imaginal exposure to the trauma memories followed by processing the details of the event, the emotions, and the thoughts that the patient experienced during the trauma. The aim of in vivo and imaginal exposure is to enhance emotional processing of traumatic events by helping the patient face the trauma memories and reminders and process the emotions and thoughts, as well as the details of the trauma that emerge during revisiting experiences.
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Markowitz, John C. "Practical Issues." In Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, 138–41. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190465599.003.0012.

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This short summary, based on our original research manual, provides lists of therapist “Do’s and Don’ts.” Do’s include scheduling sessions, audiotaping or videotaping, giving the patient an IPT background handout, writing a progress note, and serially rating patients. Don’ts include encouraging patient exposure to trauma reminders and assigning homework. The best guide for this is supervision.
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Foa, Edna B., Elizabeth A. Hembree, Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, and Sheila A. M. Rauch. "Final Session." In Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD, 123–30. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926939.003.0007.

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This final session reviews what the patient has learned in the course of prolonged exposure (PE), what has changed or improved, and what the patient needs to continue to do. Also reviewed are concepts (e.g., facing rather than avoiding trauma memories and reminders) and skills the patient has learned. The therapist prepares the patient for the likelihood of a temporary increase in posttraumatic stress disorder and related symptoms when under significant stress, such as on the anniversary of the trauma or more general difficulties at work or in the family. Working with a patient in PE can be emotionally intense for both the patient and the therapist, and terminating therapy can be difficult for the patient. If the therapist is terminating treatment at this point, he or she should take time to offer the patient feedback and to say goodbye.
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Rauch, Sheila A. M., Barbara O. Rothbaum, Erin R. Smith, and Edna B. Foa. "Integrative Interventions." In Prolonged Exposure for PTSD in Intensive Outpatient Programs (PE-IOP), 93–100. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190081928.003.0006.

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In addition to the core of prolonged exposure in the Prolonged Exposure-Intensive Outpatient Program (PE-IOP), the program also includes integrative interventions designed to encourage positive coping, wellness, and maintenance of gains from PE-IOP. These integrative interventions can vary based on availability, cost, patient population, etc. While they can vary, program implementers should be cautious that the chosen interventions have a general rationale that fits the overall PE-IOP milieu by supporting approaching and not avoiding trauma memories and reminders and that emotions are not dangerous but a normal part of life. The authors discuss the rationale for inclusion of interactive interventions as well as how to decide what interventions to use.
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Rasula, Jed. "Nietzsche in the Nursery." In Genre and Extravagance in the Novel, 181–208. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897763.003.0008.

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The concluding chapter addresses ways in which the novel as genre has provoked and stimulated cognate activities outside its normative parameters as literary genre. These are registered most recently in the exorbitant rise of the “graphic novel.” This chapter goes back more than half a century to an earlier graphic format, the comic book, particularly the transformational treatment of novels in the Classics Illustrated publishing series from 1941 into the 1960s. The focus is on debates about mass culture in the Cold War setting of congressional committee investigations of juvenile delinquency and the comic book craze. A conspicuous feature of cultural preoccupations was with the status of the classic, on the one hand (epitomized in the Great Books publishing enterprise), and lowbrow dissemination of existing “classics” in comic book format. A full-scale assault on comics by psychiatrist Fredric Wertham was instrumental in chastening the industry into self-censorship. Ironically, the pedagogic claims behind Classics Illustrated were highlighted as a threat to the supposedly innocent “mind of the child,” revealing an abiding split between the cultural eminence accorded the classic and the aptitude of the target audience. The audience as consumer had been the commercial engine behind the rise of the novel, but the specter of the innocent child now conflated cultural symbolism with political agendas. We’ve inherited the trauma of that moment in the form of “political correctness” and “cancel culture,” with old (and new) novels continuing to be singled out as affronts to public decency, malignant records of bygone traumas, or obstreperous reminders of an imaginative fertility in the human imagination that won’t go away.
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Bui, Long T. "Militarized Freedoms." In Returns of War, 122–68. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479817061.003.0004.

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This chapter explores stories of Vietnamese Americans who came of age after the Vietnam War and currently serve in the U.S. armed forces during the War on Terror in countries like Afghanistan and Iraq. These soldiers not only wanted to give back to their adopted country for their free lives as refugees fleeing the war but also to make up for America’s loss of Vietnam as well as the defeat of South Vietnam. From the oral histories, the chapter moves on to a major published literary memoir from U.S. Marine Quang X. Pham. Pham, a well-known public figure, talks about his confused life through losing his father, a South Vietnamese former pilot. From these oral and written texts, the chapter analyzes the thoughts of these “children of war” on wide-ranging issues such as migration, nation, family, and citizenship through the concept of “militarized freedom”—defined for these professionals as the sense of freedom (both political and personal) as shaped through their experiences and trauma with militarism. The Vietnamese American soldier encounters a moral dilemma that moves beyond a “Vietnam Syndrome,” an “American Syndrome,” where their professional obligations to American nation-building projects pulsate through their personal status as the living embodiment and physical reminders of America’s loss in South Vietnam.
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Smith, Joshua R. "Sad mood and changes in behavior after exposure to a traumatic reminder." In Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 157–66. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197577479.003.0020.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma- and stressor-related disorder that may affect individuals who have experienced a traumatic event. Symptoms of PTSD include intrusion symptoms, avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity. Intrusion symptoms in children may manifest as repetitive play in which themes from the trauma are expressed. Children are often unaware of the connection between their repetitive play and the trauma. Additionally, children may experience frightening dreams without recognizable content. Compared to adults, youth may be less able to describe traumatic events and complex emotional states. It is not uncommon to be unable to recall specific events about the trauma. The evidence supporting the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in youth with PTSD is mixed. Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) has the greatest empirical support for pediatric PTSD.
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Sigg, Anna. "Bodily object voices in Embers." In Samuel Beckett and trauma, 116–32. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526121349.003.0006.

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Anna Sigg, in this chapter, argues that in Embers Beckett represents trauma most of all through bodily internal sea sounds. This radio play effectively ‘blinds’ its listener and places him in a mental cave. Embers focuses on Henry, who is tortured by a roaring ‘tinnitus’, an internal sea-like sound, which reminds him of the death of his father and his own mortality. This chapter illuminates the connection between Henry’s loss and the listener’s perception of the ‘tinnitus’ by drawing on Mladen Dolar’s idea of the acousmatic object voice and Jacques Lacan’s concept of objet petit a. Henry’s ‘tinnitus’, Sigg argues, is a bodily object voice manifesting an uncanny intimation of the unconscious. It expresses Henry’s mourning and his confrontation with mortality, while also generating countermelodies to the traumatic losses inside the listener’s head.
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Tanaka, Mariko Hori. "The global trauma of the nuclear age in Beckett’s post-war plays." In Samuel Beckett and trauma, 173–93. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526121349.003.0009.

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In this chapter, Mariko Hori Tanaka focuses on how Beckett responds to the imagined nuclear winter inherent in the global competition in the production of nuclear bombs and energy during the Cold War years. Many of his post-war plays including Endgame and Happy Days are clearly set in a post-apocalyptic world, where the only human survivors are the onstage characters. The earth uninhabited and the landscape of ruins with the last remaining human beings barely alive are suggested in many of Beckett’s works. Our post-holocaust world is filled with repeated disasters such as wars, conflicts, and natural disasters, so that we endlessly feel a sense of apocalypse. Beckett’s sense of men and women living in worsening conditions towards the unseen ending is the global anxiety shared in the late twentieth to the twenty-first century. Beckett’s imagination of dead victims ruined and suffering in some traumatic event (which he never clarifies) reminds us, the audience and the readers, of those who suffered and died in apocalyptic disasters. This chapter thus deals with the recent cultural traumas globally shared in our age.
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Conference papers on the topic "Trauma reminders"

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Giardino, Nicholas, Jeff L. Curtis, and Israel Liberzon. "The Impact Of Trauma Reminders On Dyspnea In Combat Veterans With PTSD." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1459.

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Farrelly, Kyra, Pablo Romero-Sanchiz, Ioan Mahu, Sean Barrett, Pamela Collins, Daniel Rasic, and Sherry Stewart. "Do Cannabis Use Motives Mediate the Relationship between PTSD Symptoms and Cannabis Craving to Trauma Cues?" In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.27.

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Cannabis use is common in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The PTSD-cannabis relationship is important as cannabis use can worsen PTSD outcomes. Cannabis use motives are a useful construct for understanding the PTSD-cannabis relationship. Frequent pairing of a trauma cue with substance use to cope can lead to conditioned substance craving. The extant research has not yet examined potential mechanisms to explain this effect. We recruited 51 cannabis users with a trauma history for a cannabis cue-reactivity study to examine coping motives as a potential mediator of the hypothesized relationship between PTSD symptoms and cannabis craving to trauma cues. Participants first completed a validated cannabis use motives measure. They were then exposed to a personalized audio and visual cue based on their trauma experience and reported on their cannabis craving immediately following using a standardized measure. Coping motives were contrasted with enhancement motives as the mediator. Results supported our first hypothesis: PTSD symptoms were associated with increased cannabis craving following personal trauma cue exposure. However, our second hypothesis of an indirect effect through coping motives was not supported. We did find an independent main effect of coping motives on cannabis craving triggered by trauma cue exposure. The lack of an interaction between PTSD symptoms and coping motives on trauma-cue induced craving is potentially due to other factors we did not examine that help strengthen the relationship (e.g., sleep). These findings have important clinical implications for targeting both PTSD symptoms and coping motives to prevent the development of conditioned cannabis craving to trauma reminders.
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Brown, D. "100. Prevention of Cumulative Trauma Through Use of Break Reminder Software." In AIHce 2001. AIHA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765610.

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