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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traumatic childhood'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Khadr, Sophie N. "Neuroendocrine consequences of childhood traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29194.

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Objectives: 1) To determine the prevalence, aetiology and clinical significance of pituitary dysfunction after moderate or severe childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI); and 2) to examine its impact on quality of life (QoL) and body composition. Subjects: Retrospective observational study of 33 survivors of accidental TBI (27 males) and two of inflicted TBI (both males). Accidental TBI group: mean (SD) age at study was 13.4y (3.7y) and interval since injury, 4.1y (1.6y). King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI) rating: 15 good recovery, 16 moderate disability, 2 severe disability. Inflicted TBI group: ages at study were 5.0 and 3.7 years at 4.9 and 3.3 years post-injury with good recovery and moderate disability respectively. Methods: Early morning urine samples were obtained for osmolality. Basal hormone evaluation (0800-1000h) was followed by the gonadotropin-relasing hormone (GnRH) and insulin tolerance (ITT, n=26) or glucagon tests (if previous seizures, n=9). Subjects were not primed. Body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Standardised quality of life (QoL) questionnaires were completed. Head injury details were extracted from patient records. Results: There were no abnormal findings in the two survivors of inflicted TBI. Among the accidental TBI group, no subject had clinical evidence of impaired growth: mean height standard deviation score (SDS) was +0.5 (range -1.6 to +3.0 SD). Median peak growth hormone (GH) response to stimulation was 7.9 μg/L. Six peri-pubertal males had suboptimal GH responses (< 5 μg/L). Their height SDS at study ranged from -1.5 to +1.4; one had slow growth on follow-up. GH response was borderline low in one post-pubertal male (3.2 μg/L). Median peak Cortisol responses were 538 nmol/L (ITT) and 562 nmol/L (glucagon). 9/25 (ITT) and 2/8 (glucagon) subjects had sub-optimal responses. In two cases (one ITT, one glucagon test), basal Cortisol levels were high (624 and 722 nmol/L). For the rest, in 6/9, further testing or no action was advised; in 3/9, steroid cover was recommended for moderate or severe illness or injury. None required routine glucocorticoid replacement. No subject had diabetes insipidus. Thyroid function, IGF-I, oestradiol/testosterone, and baseline and GnRH-stimulated LH and FSH were appropriate for age, sex and pubertal stage. One male was prolactin deficient (< 50 mU/L). Abnormal endocrine findings were unrelated to severity of TBI, nature of primary or secondary brain injury, or KOSCHI rating. No significant difference in QoL was observed between those with normal or abnormal pituitary function < 16y. QoL was poorer in the post-pubertal male with GH deficiency than in other subjects >16y. Conclusions: Whilst mild pituitary 'dysfunction' was common (39%), no unequivocal clinically significant endocrinopathies were found, although the GH and hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axes may be vulnerable.
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2

Cahill, Louise Margaret. "Motor speech function following childhood traumatic brain injury /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16948.pdf.

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3

Aaro, Jonsson Catherine. "Long-term cognitive outcome of childhood traumatic brain injury." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38530.

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4

Ozsivadjian, Ann. "The impact of childhood traumatic stress on neuropsychological functioning." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275184.

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5

Malikaew, Peerasak. "The relationship between school environment and childhood traumatic dental injuries." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395942.

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6

Hurrell, Amy-Kate. "Secondary traumatic stress in police officers investigating childhood sexual abuse." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2015. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/808872/.

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Background: Previous research has indicated that helping professionals working with traumatised individuals are susceptible to adverse effects which can be recognised as Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS). Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional, quantitative design. An online questionnaire was completed by 101 Child Abuse Investigation Unit (CAIU) police officers in England and Wales. STS, coping strategies, anxiety, depression and demographic information was collected for all participants. Results: It was indicated that increased exposure to Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA), measured by number on interviews in the past six months, was associated to higher levels of STS. Positive coping strategies, negative coping strategies, anxiety and depression all had a strong, positive relationship with STS. Conclusions: This paper is a first step to understanding STS in CAIU police officers in the England and Wales. This area of research remains under-developed and would benefit from further attention in the future.
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7

Kilby, Jane. "Animated testimony : feminism, witnessing and childhood sexual trauma." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369467.

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8

Isenwater, W. "Parent-child interaction and childhood post-traumatic stress : a prospective study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446615/.

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There is to date no comprehensive theoretical account of how PTSD develops in children. Theories of adult PTSD (e.g. Brewin, Dalgleish and Joseph, 1996, Ehlers and Clarke, 2000) exist yet their applicability to childhood PTSD is somewhat limited, as they fail to account for the developmental level of the child and the child's context (dependency on their parent/s). Previous research in the field has demonstrated the influential role of family risk factors. Further, parent-child interaction has been found to be influential in many other childhood mental health problems, though has not been studied in children who have experienced a trauma. The present study aims to investigate the influence of parent-child interaction on the development of PTSD using observational methods. The current sample of children presenting to A E following a traumatic event was observed completing two interaction tasks with their primary caregiver within four weeks of the event. The tasks consisted of a difficult anagram task and a discussion task about the trauma. Both interactions were analysed and coded for warmth/criticism and over-involvement. The discussion task was also analysed for parental avoidance, help in re-appraising the child's sense of threat, and parental management of fear. The parents and children were re-assessed at a 3-month follow up. Parental avoidance, poor management of fear and little help with reappraising threat were strongly associated with child PTSD symptoms at Time 1. Warm/critical and over-involved parenting behaviours were not significantly associated with child PTSD symptoms. None of the parenting behaviours significantly affected the rate of change of the child's symptoms, yet there was a trend between parental involvement in the discussion task and change in child PTSD symptoms over time.
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9

Raudsepp, Kristina. "Directed Forgetting in Undergraduate Students of Psychology With or Without Traumatic Childhood Experiences." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1140.

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In directed forgetting research, participants are instructed to forget information recently learned, and asked instead to remember new information given later. When asked to recall both the to-be-remembered and the to-be-forgotten information, participants successfully exhibit directed forgetting by recalling more to-be-remembered material, than to-be-forgotten material. In the present study, two directed forgetting list method experiments were conducted on undergraduate students of psychology (n = 25; n = 78). The aim of the study was to see if retrieval inhibition between participants with or without traumatic childhood experiences differed, when presented with negative or positive words. All participants were screened for childhood trauma with the CTQ-SF. The participants in the second experiment were additionally screened for dissociation with the DES-II. While Experiment 1, possibly due to small sample size failed to attain a directed forgetting effect, Experiment 2 succeeded. The issue of childhood trauma did not influence the directed forgetting effect.

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10

Rothman, Daniel B. "Traumatic memory and its relationship to the frequency and duration of childhood sexual abuse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0007/MQ45121.pdf.

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11

Bishop, Sonia Jane. "Cognitive processing of emotional information in childhood anxiety, depression and post traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272464.

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12

Bezner, Stephanie K. "History of Childhood Abuse and Posttraumatic Growth's Effects on Reactions to Subsequent Traumatic Events." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5479/.

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Previous research indicates that those with a history of abuse have an increased risk to experience subsequent traumatic events. This study utilized a convenience sample of undergraduate students to examine the reaction of those with a history of abuse to subsequent traumatic experiences. In addition, the study assessed the level of posttraumatic growth an individual experiences following childhood abuse. The level of posttraumatic growth was examined to determine if the growth allowed for participants to better handle successive traumas. Those with a history of abuse experienced higher levels of symptomology following a successive traumatic event. Results did not support the hypothesis that among those with a history of abuse, lower levels of posttraumatic growth would predict higher levels of symptoms following a later trauma. Implications and limitations of the study, as well as directions for future research are discussed.
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13

Sanchez, Sixto E., Omar Pineda, Diana Z. Chaves, Qiu-Yue Zhong, Bizu Gelaye, Gregory E. Simon, Marta B. Rondón, and Michelle A. Williams. "Childhood physical and sexual abuse experiences associated with post-traumatic stress disorder among pregnant women." Elsevier B.V, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622334.

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
Purpose We sought to evaluate the extent to which childhood physical and/or sexual abuse history is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during early pregnancy and to explore the extent to which the childhood abuse-PTSD association is mediated through, or modified by, adult experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV). Methods In-person interviews collected information regarding history of childhood abuse and IPV from 2,928 women aged 18-49 years old prior to 16 weeks of gestation. PTSD was assessed using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Compared to women with no childhood abuse, the odds of PTSD were increased 4.31-fold for those who reported physical abuse only (95% CI, 2.18–8.49), 5.33-fold for sexual abuse only (95% CI, 2.38–11.98), and 8.03-fold for those who reported physical and sexual abuse (95% CI, 4.10–15.74). Mediation analysis showed 13% of the childhood abuse-PTSD association was mediated by IPV. Furthermore, high odds of PTSD were noted among women with histories of childhood abuse and IPV compared with women who were not exposed to either (OR = 20.20; 95% CI, 8.18–49.85). Conclusions Childhood abuse is associated with increased odds of PTSD during early pregnancy. The odds of PTSD were particularly elevated among women with a history of childhood abuse and IPV. Efforts should be made to prevent childhood abuse and mitigate its effects on women's mental health.
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14

DiMito, Anne M. "Memories and imagings of traumatic and nontraumatic events by women survivors and childhood sexual abuse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0012/MQ26952.pdf.

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15

Furnes, Desire. "Childhood trauma, dissociation, post-traumatic stress disorder and cognitions in clinical and non-clinical populations." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2018. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/68930/.

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Background: Childhood Trauma has been linked to a wide range of psychopathologies. However, although individuals diagnosed with psychosis and individuals diagnosed with BPD have been found to overlap in terms of their trauma histories, and similar trauma-related mechanisms have been explored in both groups, these two clinical groups are often studied in isolation. The main aim of this thesis was to explore how trauma and trauma-related mechanisms are related to the development of psychotic and borderline symptomatology from both a diagnostic and transdiagnostic perspective. Method: First, theoretical accounts of critical concepts and of BPD and psychosis were reviewed. Second, a systematic review approached psychotic symptomatology from a transdiagnostic perspective, in which the relationship between childhood trauma, cognitive appraisals and psychotic-like experiences were examined in samples drawn from different psychosis populations. Third, an empirical study examined the relationship between childhood traumas, trauma-related mechanisms and psychotic and borderline symptomatology from both a diagnostic and transdiagnostic perspective. Finally, an attempt was made to integrate theoretical accounts with the thesis findings, and research and clinical implications were discussed. Results: Findings from the systematic review supported previous evidence suggesting that there is a dose-response relationship between trauma severity and symptom severity, and that specific trauma types may be linked to specific symptoms. These findings were confirmed in the empirical paper (and outlined in an additional results chapter). The findings also suggested an important role of trauma-related mechanisms and supported transdiagnostic predictions. Specifically, dissociation and post-traumatic symptomatology may partially explain development of psychosis and borderline symptomatology, respectively. Conclusion: The relationship between childhood trauma and psychosis and borderline symptomatology is becoming well established. This thesis portfolio emphasised the benefits of approaching symptomatology from a transdiagnostic perspective, as well as the advantages of using more complex statistical approaches when exploring these relationships.
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16

Kramer, Megan Elizabeth. "Neural Correlates of Verbal Associative Memory and Mnemonic Strategy Use Following Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1238962169.

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17

Keck, Casey S. "A Descriptive Study of Pragmatic Skills in the Home Environment after Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470043710.

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18

Hodder-Fleming, Leigh. "Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Forgetting and Remembering." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16678/.

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Past research on adult memory for childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has provided support for the phenomenon of forgetting and subsequent recovery of the memories, after a period of time. This phenomenon, however, remains a source of debate and is still not fully understood by researchers and psychological and legal practitioners. The research has provided conflicting evidence about the factors which are thought to lead to CSA forgetting for extensive periods of time, in addition to the processes involved in forgetting, triggering and later remembering of the abuse memories by adult survivors. This study utilised a mixed method to investigate and explore the factors and processes associated with CSA forgetting, triggering and later remembering, in a sample of Australian adult CSA survivors (N = 77). Participants were asked to complete a test booklet, containing the Traumatic Events Questionnaire (TEQ), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Dissociative Experiences Scale II (DES II), Impact of Events Scale - Revised (IES-R), a scale designed to measure persistence of memory (Loftus), and a scale designed to measure emotional intensity at the time of the abuse and now (Williams). Participants were then asked to participate in a semi-structured interview. Seventy-one participants completed the interview process. Five separate analyses were conducted on the data. Methodological issues, such as the use of retrospective data and corroboration of the abuse were outlined. All participants were asked to provide details about any corroboration they had received that the abuse had occurred. The participants were streamed into one of three categories of forgetting (Always Remembered, n = 28; Partial Forgetting, n = 16; and Extensive Forgetting, n = 33). The first analysis (Stage One Analysis One) examined the factors thought to be associated with CSA forgetting, such as abuse parameters (TEQ), current psychological functioning (SCL-90-R), persistence of memory (Loftus), emotional intensity at the time of the abuse and now (Williams), the trauma response experienced at the time of the abuse (IES-R), and current dissociation (DES II), to determine the significant differences between the three groups. A significant difference was found regarding the age at which the abuse commenced, with the Extensive Forgetting group reporting an earlier age at which the abuse commenced. Significant differences were found on the variable that related to being abused by an aunt or uncle, and on the current experience of hostility (SCL-90-R sub-scale), and on the current levels of anger (Williams Emotional Intensity) experienced by the participants. Significant differences between the groups were also found on two of the Persistence of Memory items, namely clarity of memory and participants' memory of the tastes related to the abuse. Finally, a significant difference was found on the participants' current dissociation levels, with the Extensive Forgetting group reporting higher levels of current dissociation than the other two groups. Statistical profiles for each of the three groups were constructed, based on the mean scores of the SCL-90-R, IES-R and DES II, for use in the Stage Two, Analysis Two, profile comparison. Stage Two, Analysis One, provided a qualitative analysis relating to the experience of always remembering the abuse. The aim of this analysis was to provide a deeper understanding of why some participants (n = 23) did not forget about their abuse, when other participants reported being able to forget for a period of time. The results indicated that participants' responses formed clusters, such as older age at abuse onset, failed dissociative mechanisms, constant reminders, and others. Stage Two, Analysis Two, presented and compared each participant's profile against the statistical profiles constructed in Stage One. The participant's profiles included a summary of their TEQ responses and interview responses, in addition to their Stage One test booklet scores. The comparison was made, firstly, on a specific basis against the mean scores obtained by each category of forgetting, and secondly, on a broader basis, against the score range for each measure of the statistical profile. This was done to determine if there was a "typical" member of each category of forgetting and to investigate the within-group differences. The specific profile comparison demonstrated that there was no "typical" member of any of the three groups, with participants varying widely in their scores and patterns of scores. However, when the profile comparison was broadened to include score ranges, 61% of participants, who always remembered the abuse, 44% of participants who partially forgot the abuse, and 47% of participants who extensively forgot their abuse, matched the profile of a "typical" member of their relevant category of forgetting. Stage Two, Analysis Three, provided an in-depth qualitative exploration on the process involved in CSA forgetting, triggering and later remembering, for a selection of participants who reported partially forgetting the abuse (n = 6), and extensively forgetting the abuse (n = 10). Participants' interview responses were transcribed verbatim and analysed, using Interview Analysis. This analysis explored the differences between participants, from the two categories of forgetting, on their experiences of CSA forgetting, triggering and later remembering, in addition to exploring how these participants were able to forget about the abuse; what events triggered their abuse memories; and how the initial memories returned. Issues of memory recovery, while in therapy or under hypnosis, were also explored. Stage Two, Analysis Four, presented the case study of a participant, who had been identified as an "outlier", due to her high score on the DES II, claims of being able to remember abuse incidents that occurred prior to the age of two years, diagnosis of DID, and the substantiated conviction and sentencing of her abuser, based on her recovered memories of the abuse and corroboration from her sister and mother. Her case was examined against some of the criticisms often made by false memory supporters. This thesis found that some CSA survivors forgot about their abuse, either partially or extensively. The thesis also found support for some, but not all, of the factors that previous researchers have identified as being associated with CSA forgetting by adult survivors, specifically the individual's age at the time the abuse commenced and the individual's ability to dissociate from the abuse. The research then explored, in-depth, the issues of: CSA remembering, CSA survivor profiling, and the "how" of CSA forgetting, triggering and later remembering, by adult survivors.
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19

Lo, Tsz-Yan M. "Modulating effects of physiological, genetic, and biochemical factors on the sequelae of childhood traumatic brain injury." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4231.

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Brain trauma occurs frequently in children and its consequences cause significant health and financial burden to the patients, their carers and society. This thesis assessed the modulating effects of physiological, genetic, and biochemical factors on the sequelae of childhood brain trauma. Primary brain injury from the mechanical forces of trauma and secondary brain insults consequent on the primary injury are determinants of brain trauma outcome. The most important secondary insults recognised are reduced cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and raised intracranial pressure (ICP). CPP is governed by the mean arterial blood pressure and the ICP. During childhood these physiological measures change with age. With continuous physiological recordings, ‘critical’ age-related minimum CPP thresholds for children aged 2-6, 7-10 and 11-15 years were defined as 48, 54 and 58mmHg respectively. Utilising these thresholds and a novel cumulative pressure-time index (PTIc), we have demonstrated that CPP insult still remains a feature in 80% of the severe brain trauma patients and significantly relates to global outcome. Brain trauma and cerebral ischaemia are stimuli to the inflammatory cascade leading to further brain damage. Serum adhesion molecule levels after brain trauma indicate injury severity and predict outcome better than brain specific proteins. Predictability is improved using more than one serum biomarker level. Neuro-inflammatory pathways involving adhesion molecules may have a strong modulating effect on brain trauma outcome but warrants further investigations in relation to CPP insult. Genetic factors such as Apolipoprotein E (APO E) genetic polymorphisms may additionally influence outcome, but it was not known whether genetic factors lessen the quantity of CPP insult or the cellular response to it. We demonstrated that the e4 carriers who had unfavourable outcome had 22 times less CPP insult than the non-e4 carriers, while the e3 homozygous who had good recovery had 26 times more CPP insult than the non-e3 homozygous. This suggests that APO E polymorphisms may affect the patient’s cerebral ischaemic tolerance differently, indicating especially the need to prevent CPP insult among e4 carriers. Cerebral ischaemia may, therefore, be a common pathway through which physiological and genetic factors modulate outcome after brain trauma.
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Schmidt, Ulrike Hermine. "The role of traumatic childhood experiences and life stresses before onset in the origins of eating disorders." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-traumatic-childhood-experiences-and-life-stresses-before-onset-in-the-origins-of-eating-disorders(d98b57d8-0910-4843-90ea-31ac398d10d5).html.

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21

Howell, Sean. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS ON SYMPTOMS OF POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/805.

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ABSTRACT Despite a plethora of research documenting the effectiveness of various therapeutic interventions on the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), there continues to be ambiguity insofar as which approaches or combination thereof are most effective at improving adverse manifestations of this disorder. This lack of clarity is further confounded when other variables and nuances pertaining to variations of PTSD (i.e. military, sexual trauma, childhood abuse, etc.) are factored into these comparisons. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the impact of various interventions on improving the symptoms of PTSD. This study also examined the variances which stand in need of recognition when determining which interventions are most appropriate and meaningful in improving the quality of life and functionality of individuals with this disorder. This has significance in both macro and micro social work practices due to the potential for improvements in policies, allocation of resources, and enhancements in micro-level interventions. The research design involved qualitative interviews with clinicians devised to identify gaps, areas of agreement, and dissent among the research. Data analysis will be qualitatiive and will be guided by assessing the impact of interventions on the 17 symptoms which, according to the DSM-5 are associated with PTSD.
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McGrath, Christine M. "Chronic childhood trauma mean differences in diagnostic certainty for posttraumatic stress disorder /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p088-0164.

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23

McNew, Judith A. "Post-traumatic stress symptomatology: Similarities and differences between Vietnam Veterans and adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056549612.

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Westaway, Joan Lorraine. "Post-traumatic stress disorder in a group of sexually abused children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26367.

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Altawil, Mohamed A. S. "The effect of chronic traumatic experience on Palestinian children in the Gaza Strip." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/2543.

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In this research, two studies were conducted in order to examine the psychological, social, somatic and educational effects of chronic traumatic experience on Palestinian children over the six years of the Al-Aqsa Intifada (2000-2006). Firstly, a quantitative study was conducted which aimed to explore the long-term effects of war and occupation on the Palestinian children in the Gaza Strip. The sample consisted of 1,137 children aged between ten and 18 years randomly selected from all parts of the Gaza Strip to participate in the study. The participants completed a Checklist of Traumatic Experiences (CTE), a Symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale (SPTSDS), a Network of Psycho-Social Support (NPSS) and a Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ). This study found that every child in Palestine is likely to have been exposed to at least three traumatic events. Importantly, this study also found that 41% of the participants suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). This indicates that there are potentially more than 300,000 children in the Gaza Strip in need of psychological, social,and medical services in the areas of rehabilitation and therapeutic treatment. The study revealed that the support of family, friends, relatives, teachers, and spiritual leaders can be of great help. In addition to this, positive traits of personality can reduce the effects of PTSD. Secondly, a qualitative study aimed to explore, in more depth, the moderating factors relating to Palestinian children who have been exposed to chronic traumatic experiences, particularly the children who show low levels of PTSD. The sample consisted of six children interviewed in Arabic by using a semi-structured interview. They were aged between 13-18 years. The participants were selected according to the amount of traumatic events and level of PTSD experienced by the children who took part in the first study. This study found that the moderating factors and levels of influence which protected them from developing PTSD are positive personality traits and ideological commitment, psychosocial support, entertainment and adaptation or acclimatization. This research concluded that having a normal childhood in Palestine is unlikely in the current circumstances and the future psychological well-being of Palestinian children is at risk of being compromised by on-going traumatic experiences.
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Unzueta, Celina V. Ms, and Andrea Dr Clements. "The Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Intrinsic Religiosity in Southern Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/430.

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The present exploratory study examined adverse childhood experiences and religiosity in a sample of individuals from Southern Appalachia. Self-reports of childhood adversity and intrinsic religion were obtained from 167 individuals. Results showed that fifty-five percent had not experienced a childhood adversity while forty-three percent had experienced one to five episodes. Although a little under half the sample had one or more adverse experiences, there was no significant relationship between ACEs and intrinsic religion (r= -.037, p= .631). Sex and intrinsic religion were significantly related in that men endorsed the use of intrinsic religiosity more than women (t(165)= -2.28, p= .005).
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Paul, de Cock Theodor. "Early environmental factors in psychosis : childhood traumatic events and a new typology of the early parent-child relationship." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530091.

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Bois, Catherine. "Investigation in the relationship between childhood adversity and cognitive function in psychosis and individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33089.

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Background An increasing body of research is suggesting that childhood trauma and adversity may be associated with various adverse mental health outcomes, including psychosis. Cognitive functioning is often compromised in psychosis, and research has shown that there may be a link between early trauma and cognitive impairment in people with psychosis. No systematic review of the literature of this link has been undertaken, and very few studies have examined samples of individuals at high clinical risk for psychosis, to assess whether the potential link between adversity and cognitive functioning exists, without the confounding factors of length of illness, antipsychotic medication and chronicity of symptoms. Method The systematic review of all relevant electronic databases investigates the research to date on the association between childhood adverse experiences and cognitive ability in psychosis, and the conclusions that can be drawn from the existing literature, taking into account relevant considerations regarding sample, methodology and statistical analysis. The subsequent empirical study utilizes a sample at clinical high risk of developing psychosis, and a healthy control group to investigate whether any putative association in specific domains of cognitive functioning, or global cognitive ability and childhood adversity exist in those at clinical high risk, compared to controls. Results The systematic review indicated that at present, the literature looking into childhood adversity and cognitive ability in relation to psychosis is heterogeneous, with some studies finding that this association only occurs in patients, whilst others suggest it only occurs in the control groups. Some studies found it to be specific to certain cognitive domains, whilst others suggest it was a more global impairment. Methodology, samples and analysis differed considerably across studies, and likely contribute to the heterogeneity of the literature. The empirical paper showed a significant interaction effect between group (high risk versus controls) in the high childhood adversity group, in relation to global cognitive ability. Interestingly, this was not related to psychotic symptom severity or distress. Conclusion Several limitations of the existing studies limit the conclusions that can be drawn from the existing evidence regarding the link between childhood adversity and cognitive ability, and future research in prodromal samples is essential. The empirical study showed that there is a link between childhood adversity and cognitive ability in those at clinical high risk of developing psychosis, before disorder onset, that is not present in controls. This suggests that this may form a vulnerability in those at high risk for psychosis, rather than a more general mechanism present in the typical population.
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Nguyen, Lananh Josephine. "The impact of childhood trauma on treatment response of depressed adolescents /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1276405561&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-92). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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30

Ronca, Kristen E. "THE IMPACT OF COMPLEX POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN IN IMPOVERISHED URBAN COMMUNITIES." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/497513.

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Urban Bioethics
M.A.
American children growing up in poor urban communities experience a disproportionate amount of direct and indirect violence in addition to the challenges of growing up with limited resources. Due to high amounts of physical and structural violence in these communities, urban youth are at increased risk for complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) and its associated sequelae, such as asthma, obesity, diabetes, and behavioral problems. Evidence demonstrates that sexual abuse and repeated interpersonal trauma leads to more intense symptomatology than traditional post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and traumatic events in early childhood predisposes one to a C-PTSD reaction. This literature review of complex trauma serves to further validate the need for modern psychiatry to recognize C-PTSD as a diagnosis and to identify treatment interventions for this vulnerable population.
Temple University--Theses
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31

McFarland, Laura Dolores. "The relationship between unresolved loss and trauma, childhood abuse, frightening experiences and frightened/frightening caregiving : a comparison of mothers and fathers /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004336.

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32

McGarrett, Collin Kathleen. "Time to Follow Commands, Duration of Post-Traumatic Amnesia, and Total Duration of Impaired Consciousness as Predictors of Outcome Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587156828071613.

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33

Padmanabhanunni, A., and D. J. A. Edwards. "Treating complex post-traumatic stress disorder following childhood neglect, sexual abuse and revictimisation : interpretative reflections on the case of Khuselwa." South African Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007783.

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This paper describes the psychological assessment and treatment process with Khuselwa, a South African adolescent survivor of multiple sexual traumas presenting with complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The paper identifies some of the common barriers encountered by practitioners in delivering treatments in local contexts and highlights the role of external safety and stability and social support in providing a vehicle for change and a basis for overcoming the psychological handicaps reinforced by repeated and multiple traumas and chronic neglect.
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Crook, Libby. "Social Participation In Elementary Students With TBI: Is There An Association WithPersistent Cognitive Deficits As Reported By Parents?" Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1619804452085036.

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35

Black, Leah C. "The Roles of Executive Dysfunction, Language Deficits, and Family Environment: How Are They Related to Behavior Problems After Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury?" University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1352402671.

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36

Dunn, Sarah E. "Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptomotology in Abused, Suicidal, Low-Income, African American Women: A Moderated Mediational Model." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/58.

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There are elevated rates of childhood maltreatment and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology in low-income, abused, suicidal African American women. This investigation aimed to: (1) identify the components of childhood maltreatment in this sample; (2) ascertain whether or not the constructs of childhood maltreatment and PTSD symptomatology were associated in this sample; and (3) examine if maladaptive coping mediated the childhood maltreatment-PTSD symptomatology link and if the magnitude of the mediated relationship was influenced by level of social support (i.e., moderated mediation). Specific types of childhood maltreatment generally loaded onto three components according to a principal components analysis (PCA) of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: physical-emotional abuse, sexual-emotional abuse, and neglect. Women who endorsed experiencing higher levels of two of the childhood maltreatment components (physical-emotional abuse and sexual-emotional abuse) reported higher levels of current PTSD symptomatology. However, contrary to the study hypotheses, current level of maladaptive coping did not mediate the relationship between child maltreatment and current PTSD symptomatology. Further, the addition of social support did not change this finding. Results are discussed, clinical implications are explored, and recommendations for future studies are offered.
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37

Becker, Carol-Lynne J. "Feasibility of an integrated cognitive-behavioral and art therapy for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse with post traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, Palo Alto University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3591791.

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Current research supports the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Mendes, Mello, Ventura, Medeiros Passarela, & Jesus Mari, 2008; Bradley, Green, Russ, Dutra, & Westen, 2005). Art therapy (AT) has been used effectively with sexually abused children and adolescents (Deblinger & Heflin, 1996; Cohen & Cox, 1995; Pifalo, 2002), and integrated treatments show potential for enhanced PTSD symptom reduction (Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie, & Nixon, 2005; Pifalo, 2007). However, no research on the use of an integrated CBT and AT approach has been studied on adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse with ongoing PTSD.

This dissertation examined the feasibility of an integrated CBT and AT group treatment for adult survivors (N=5). A relationship between participation in treatment and reduction of symptoms of PTSD, depression, dissociation, and anxiety was indicated. The results of this study provide initial support for this manual-based treatment and demonstrates the potential of integrated treatments.

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Garcia, Dainelys. "Parent-Child Interaction Therapy as a Family-Focused Approach for Young Children with Traumatic Brain Injury." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2577.

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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children and adolescents in the U.S. and disproportionately affects young children. The negative consequences of early childhood TBI include deficits in behavior and attention, cognitive abilities, and academic skills. Behavior problems in particular are one of the most common and persistent consequences following TBI in young children. Therefore, interventions are needed that target the adverse effects of TBI on behavior. The purpose of the current work was to examine the initial outcome, feasibility, acceptability, and satisfaction of a time-limited and intensive format of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) for families with a child aged 2 to 5 years who had sustained a TBI and displayed clinically elevated externalizing behavior problems. The open trial included 10 families that completed a baseline assessment, received the intervention over 5 weeks, and completed post-intervention and 2-month follow-up assessments. Results indicated that children who completed the intervention showed significant improvements in both externalizing and internalizing behavior problems at post-intervention and 2-month follow-up, with the exception of non-significant change in self-regulation at post-intervention and 2-month follow-up, and attention problems at 2-month follow-up. In addition, significant improvements were found on all cognitive measures examining working memory, receptive language, and executive functioning at post-intervention and 2-month follow-up. Similarly, caregivers who completed the intervention displayed significant improvements in their parenting skills during play with their child and reported significant reductions in overall caregiver stress and caregiver stress related to their child’s difficult behaviors. Despite limitations inherent in an open trial (e.g., small sample, lack of a control group, generalizability), the current study addressed a relatively unexplored research question and suggests that an intensive format of PCIT may be a promising approach for improving domains commonly affected by early childhood TBI (e.g., behavioral, cognitive, and family functioning) prior to the development of more severe and persistent problems.
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Graumann, Esther. "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a response to traumatic stress." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05072007-174733.

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40

Giller, Kayla. "Long-Term Executive Functioning Deficits in Children After a Traumatic Brain Injury." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1596535794692119.

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41

Erazo, Madelaine. "The Cumulative Effects of Bullying Victimization in Childhood and Adolescence on Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Emerging Adulthood." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41981.

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Childhood and adolescent bullying victimization procures mental health issues and dysfunction. Using a longitudinal design from the McMaster Teen study dataset, a semi-parametric group- based trajectory analysis was used to identify distinct patterns of peer victimization across ages 10 to 18. A three-class solution of peer victimization was selected. Most individuals followed a low decreasing trajectory of peer victimization (71.3%). The next largest group followed a moderate decreasing peer victimization trajectory (25.2%), and the smallest group followed a high stable peer victimization trajectory (3.5%). These trajectory groups were used to predict Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in emerging adulthood (ages 19 to 22). Results indicated that the high stable and moderate decreasing groups differed from the low decreasing group on BPD symptoms; individuals who were bullied by their peers in childhood and adolescence were more likely to have elevated symptoms of BPD in adulthood. However, when controlling for gender and childhood maltreatment, this differentiation only held true for the high stable group. Results also indicated that children and adolescents who followed a high stable trajectory of bullying victimization were more likely to meet PTSD diagnostic criteria in emerging adulthood than those who followed a low decreasing or moderate decreasing trajectory. The implications of the positive associations of childhood and adolescent bullying victimization on BPD symptoms and PTSD are considered via a group socialization theory lens. High levels of bullying victimization are explained as a form of relational trauma. Results suggest that peer relations are powerful enough to lead to subsequent personality pathology, and implications of these associations are examined through a developmental trauma framework. Understanding the developmental impact of childhood and adolescent bullying on BPD symptoms and PTSD provides insight and supports prevention and intervention initiatives at the school level and in clinical practice.
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42

Mersch, Stephanie, Jill D. Stinson, and Megan Quinn. "Arrest or Hospitalization? An Examination of the Relationship Between Psychiatric Symptoms, Traumatic Childhood Experiences, and Socio-Ecological Factors in Forensic Mental Health System Responses to Offender Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/321.

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It has been well documented that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) lead to unfavorable outcomes in later life, especially with regard to health and psychological outcomes. Recent research has demonstrated the impact of early childhood adversity on the onset of aggression and illegal behavior. However, often those with mental illness diagnoses with comorbid behavioral problems exhibit trajectories that include both arrest and hospitalization. While some are arrested for their criminal behavior, others are hospitalized. This begs the question: are those with mental illness and behavioral problems more likely to be arrested, or hospitalized, for their early behavioral problems? In the current study, it was hypothesized that arrest precedes hospitalization for the majority of these offenders, and that specific diagnoses of a mental illness are related to outcome. It was also hypothesized that early exposure to environmental adversity, as measured by the age of earliest ACE and total ACE score, would significantly predict whether offenders were arrested or hospitalized first. Other socio-ecological factors were also studied. The data for this study were gathered from a sample of 182 adult psychiatric inpatients in a secure forensic facility. Data were archival and retrospective in nature. All participants had been hospitalized following acts of violence or aggression, exhibiting a history of both behavioral problems as well as mental illness. A series of logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between reason for first admission to a psychiatric facility, diagnosis of a mental disorder, and early childhood adversity to clarify whether early problematic behaviors resulted in initial arrest or psychiatric hospitalization. Results indicate that subjects were much more likely to be hospitalized initially than arrested (33.5% arrested first, 66.5% hospitalized first). A diagnosis of impulse control disorder was significantly related to whether initial incident led to arrest or hospitalization (p=0.030), while the diagnosis of ADHD neared significance (p=0.056). No significant relationship was found between incidence of initial arrest or hospitalization and age that drug/alcohol abuse began. Other findings and implications for future research will be discussed.
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43

Stanley, Helen. "Exploring the construct of disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS) and its relationship with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and childhood trauma." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525753.

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44

Tolleson, Jennifer Anne. "The transformative power of violence the psychological role of gang life in relation to chronic traumatic childhood stress in the lives of urban adolescent males /." Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 1996. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/tolleson_1996.pdf.

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45

Lee, Deborah. "An investigation of the relationship between the severity of post traumatic stress disorder, shame, anger and early childhood experiences in a population of traumatised individuals." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251589.

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Aims of the study This study investigated relationships between severity of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, shame, anger and early childhood experiences (early maladaptive schemas and recalled patterns of parental bonding). Design of the study This is a non-experimental, cross-sectional study. Data was collected once, using a semistructured interview and self-report questionnaires. The Sample The sample was 50 individuals with a diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. On average the group had high levels of PTSD, depression symptoms and high levels of shame and anger. Main findings The study found that shame, anger and early maladaptive schemas (abandonment, social isolation, defectiveness/shame, incompetence and subjugation) were significantly associated with severity of PTSD. Shame was found to mediate the relationship between severity of PTSD and early maladaptive schemas and anger, respectively. Early maladaptive schemas mediated the relationship between low maternal care and shame. Finally this study found that shame emerges as the only independent predictor of the severity of PTSD when other variables (anger and early maladaptive schemas) are taken into account. This suggests that the relationships of anger and early maladaptive schemas to severity of PTSD are not independent of shame.Implication of findings These findings highlight the need to take into account the presence of emotions (such as shame and anger) and other psychological factors (such as early maladaptive schemas) when formulating clinical cases of PTSD and executing treatment plans. This is particularly important as many current treatment interventions are based on exposure therapy aimed at alleviating fear/anxiety based responses to trauma. Traditionally such treatments do not pay sufficient attention to shame and anger, which may worsen with exposure techniques and disrupt emotional processing of the traumatic event. Also the presence of early maladaptive Schemas may contribute to chronicity and maintenance of PTSD and may need to be addressed in any treatment plan.
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46

Mersch, S., Jill D. Stinson, and Megan A. Quinn. "Arrest or Hospitalization? An Examination of the Relationship Between Psychiatric Symptoms, Traumatic Childhood Experiences, and Socio-Ecological Factors in Forensic Mental Health System Responses to Offender Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7904.

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47

Gear, Haugen Maria R. "Does Trauma Lead to Religiousness? A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Traumatic Events on Religiousness and Spirituality During the First Three Years at University." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1333646610.

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48

Mersch, S., Jill Stinson, and Megan Quinn. "Arrest or Hospitalization? an Examination of the Relationship Between Psychiatric Symptoms, Traumatic Childhood Experiences, and Socio-Ecological Factors in Forensic Mental Health System Responses to Offender Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6805.

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49

Mersch, Stephanie, Jill D. Stinson, and Megan A. Quinn. "Arrest or Hospitalization? An Examination of the Relationship Between Psychiatric Symptoms, Traumatic Childhood Experiences, and Socio-Ecological Factors in Forensic Mental Health System Responses to Offender Behavior." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7953.

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It has been well documented that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) lead to unfavorable outcomes in later life, especially with regard to health and psychological outcomes. Recent research has demonstrated the impact of early childhood adversity on the onset of aggression and illegal behavior. However, often those with mental illness diagnoses with comorbid behavioral problems exhibit trajectories that include both arrest and hospitalization. While some are arrested for their criminal behavior, others are hospitalized. This begs the question: are those with mental illness and behavioral problems more likely to be arrested, or hospitalized, for their early behavioral problems? In the current study, it was hypothesized that arrest precedes hospitalization for the majority of these offenders, and that specific diagnoses of a mental illness are related to outcome. It was also hypothesized that early exposure to environmental adversity, as measured by the age of earliest ACE and total ACE score, would impact whether offenders were arrested or hospitalized first. The data for this study were gathered from comprised sample of 182 adult psychiatric inpatients in a secure forensic facility. Data were archival and retrospective in nature. All participants had been hospitalized following acts of violence or aggression, exhibiting a history of both behavioral problems as well as mental illness. A series of logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between reason for first admission to a psychiatric facility, diagnosis of a mental disorder, and early childhood adversity to clarify whether early problematic behaviors resulted in initial arrest or psychiatric hospitalization. Results indicate that subjects were much more likely to be hospitalized initially than arrested (33.5% arrested first, 66.5% hospitalized first). A diagnosis of impulse control disorder was significantly related to whether initial incident led to arrest or hospitalization (p=0.030), while the diagnosis Page 54 2016 Appalachian Student Research Forum of ADHD neared significance (p=0.056). No significant relationship was found between incidence of initial arrest or hospitalization and age that drug/alcohol abuse began. Other findings and implications for future research will be discussed.
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50

Stines, Lisa R. "How childhood abuse impacts risk for HIV the mediational role of PTSD and adult sexual assault /." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1122317261.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2005.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 12, 2006). Advisor: Stevan E. Hobfoll. Keywords: child abuse; HIV; sexual risk; high-risk behaviors; PTSD; sexual assault; rape. Includes survey instrument. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-47).
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