Academic literature on the topic 'Traumatic event –road accident casualty'
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Journal articles on the topic "Traumatic event –road accident casualty"
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McMillan, T. M. "Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Severe Head Injury." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 3 (September 1991): 431–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.3.431.
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is described following a road traffic accident in which the patient suffered a severe head injury. The stress reaction was associated with intrusive thoughts and avoidance of cognitive and physical events associated with consequences of the accident. The condition was successfuly treated by behavioural intervention. It seems clear that PTSD can occur even where there is loss of consciousness and organic amnesia for the event and its immediate sequelae.
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Das, Anamika D., Stuti V. Juneja, and Shankar S. Ganvit. "Traumatic avulsion of the eyeball: a case report." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20203493.
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Ocular trauma is very common, but globe avulsion along with optic nerve avulsion is a rare clinical event. Blunt trauma during a road traffic accident can cause rupture or avulsion of the globe and the outcome can range from complete recovery on repositioning to visual loss because of globe perforation or optic nerve injury. Here, authors report a case of a 20-year-old male who presented with history of a road traffic accident causing severe facial injuries. The physical examination revealed oedema and ecchymoses over the right side of the face with avulsion of the right eyeball anteriorly outside the orbit along with avulsion of the optic nerve. The visual acuity in the injured eye was no perception of light and the direct pupillary response was absent. Computed tomography revealed fracture of the roof and lateral wall of the right orbit. As the eye was not salvageable, enucleation surgery was done. Insertion of an ocular prosthesis for rehabilitation was planned. The presentation, investigations, surgery and follow-ups are described.
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Gupta, MK, K. Dhungel, PL Sah, K. Ahmad, and RK Rauniyar. "Traumatic Intracranial Frontal Extradural Hematoma Associated with Orbital Subperiosteal Hematoma." Nepalese Journal of Radiology 1, no. 1 (June 16, 2012): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v1i1.6325.
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Intracranial extradural hematoma (EDH) is a frequent lesion but simultaneous occurrence of EDH with orbital subperiosteal hematoma following head injury is a rare event. We report a 22 year old male who sustained head injury during road traffic accident. Glasgow coma scale was 13/15 on arrival and he had left orbital ecchymosis & subconjunctival hemorrhage. CT revealed left frontal extradural hematoma with associated orbital subperiosteal hematoma. No bone fracture was seen. The patient had good clinical recovery following surgical evacuation of the hematomas.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v1i1.6325 Nepalese Journal of Radiology Vol.1(1): 52-53
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Kramer, Ueli, Grazia Ceschi, Martial Van der Linden, and Guy Bodenmann. "Individual and Dyadic Coping Strategies in the Aftermath of a Traumatic Experience." Swiss Journal of Psychology 64, no. 4 (December 2005): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.64.4.241.
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This study was designed to explore individual and dyadic coping strategies in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Eighteen persons having experienced a physical assault or a road accident within six to twelve months before the study, and eighteen matched control persons were recruited together with their partners. Each participant and his/her partner filled in several questionnaires on individual and dyadic coping strategies, level of stress and PTSD-symptomatology. Results indicate that participants having experienced a trauma, compared to controls, report a general lack of dyadic coping and, when facing daily hassles, specific decreases in individual coping strategies. These differences are discussed in the context of marital coping processes.
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Peleg, Kobi, and Bella Savitsky. "Terrorism-Related Injuries Versus Road Traffic Accident–Related Trauma: 5 Years of Experience in Israel." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 3, no. 4 (December 2009): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181c12734.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Terrorism victims comprise the minority among trauma injured people, but this small population imposes a burden on the health care system. Thirty percent of the population injured in terrorist activities experienced severe trauma (injury severity score ≥16), more than half of them need a surgical procedure, and 25% of the population affected by terrorism had been admitted to intensive care. Furthermore, compared with patients with non–terrorism-related trauma, victims of terrorism often arrive in bulk, as part of a mass casualty event. This poses a sudden load on hospital resources and requires special organization and preparedness. The present study compared terrorism-related and road accident–related injuries and examined clinical characteristics of both groups of patients.Methods: This study is a retrospective study of all patients injured through terrorist acts and road traffic accidents from September 29, 2000 to December 31, 2005, and recorded in the Israel Trauma Registry. Data on the nature of injuries, treatment, and outcome were obtained from the registry. Medical diagnoses were extracted from the registry and classified based on International Classification of Diseases coding. Diagnoses were grouped to body regions, based on the Barell Injury Diagnosis Matrix.Results: The study includes 2197 patients with terrorism-related injuries and 30,176 patients injured in road traffic accidents. All in all, 27% of terrorism-related casualties suffered severe to critical injuries, comparing to 17% among road traffic accident–related victims. Glasgow Coma Scale scores ≤8, measured in the emergency department, were among 12.3% of terrorism victims, in contrast with 7.4% among people injured on the roads. The terrorism victims had a significantly higher rate of use of intensive care facilities (24.2% vs 12.4%). The overall inpatient death rate was 6.0% among terrorism victims and 2.4% among those injured in road traffic accidents.Conclusions: Casualties from terrorist events are more severely injured and require more resources relative to casualties from road traffic accidents. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:196–200)
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Agrawal, Basudev, and Rupesh Verma. "Correlation of Glasgow Coma Scale with Non-Contrast Computed Tomography findings in immediate post traumatic brain injury." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191077.
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Background: This study was undertaken to correlate Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score with Non-Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) findings in patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) attending tertiary care Shree Narayana Hospital, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 100 patients of acute traumatic head injury (those presenting to hospital within 24 hours of injury) over a period of six months. The patient’s GCS score was determined and NCCT Brain scan was performed in each case immediately (within 30 minutes) after presenting to casualty of the hospital. A 16 slice siemens Somatom CT scan was utilized and 5mm and 10mm sections were obtained for infratentorial and supratentorial parts respectively.Results: The age range of the patients was 0 to 76 years and male: female ratio was 2.85:1. Younger age group was more commonly involved, with 61% of cases seen in 11-40 years of age group. The most common causes of head injury were road traffic accident (RTA) (65%) and fall from height (25%). The distribution of patients in accordance with GCS was found to be 55% with mild TBI (GCS 12 to 14), 25% with moderate TBI (GCS 11 to 8) and 20% with severe TBI (GCS 7 or less).Conclusions: The presence of multiple lesions and midline shift on CT scan were accompanied with lower GCS, whereas patients having single lesion had more GCS level. There was significant correlation between GCS and NCCT findings in immediate post TBI.
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Brunet, Alain, Steven Sanche, Aude Manetti, Bruno Aouizerate, Régis Ribéreau-Gayon, Sandrine Charpentier, Philippe Birmes, and Christophe Arbus. "Peritraumatic distress but not dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder in the elderly." International Psychogeriatrics 25, no. 6 (February 22, 2013): 1007–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213000069.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder whose symptoms include re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal after a particularly intense event. In view of the aging of the population, increased clinical knowledge is required for better understanding of PTSD in the elderly. Extending previous research in this field in adults and children, the aim of our study was to assess the utility of peri-traumatic dissociation and distress as a predictor of PTSD in the elderly.Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted in a consecutive cohort of subjects aged 65 years and over admitted to emergency departments after a physical assault or a road traffic accident. Peri-traumatic responses of distress and of dissociation were measured. One, 6, and 12 months after trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms and diagnosis were assessed using both a dimensional and a semistructured interview.Results: Thirty-nine male and female participants with an average age of 72.4 years were recruited. Mixed model regression analyses did not detect a significant effect of age, sex, nor time. Significant associations were detected between peri-traumatic distress and the self-report PTSD Checklist (p = 0.008), as well as the Clinician-administered PTSD scale (p = 0.03). No association was detected between peri-traumatic dissociation and PTSD.Conclusions: Peri-traumatic distress predicts PTSD symptoms and diagnosis in the elderly, thereby suggesting its systematic evaluation at the emergency department would be a worthwhile thing to do.
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Rajeev, Mandaka, Vattaparambil Shinihas, and Pankaj Chauhan. "Epidemiologic Characteristics of Patients Presenting with Head Injury due to Road Traffic Accident and Factors Associated with Outcome: Experience of a Tertiary Care Center in Northern Kerala." Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 08, no. 01 (March 2019): 039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678468.
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Abstract Background In India, most factors related to road traffic accident (RTA) causation and outcome go improperly documented, and database regarding RTA-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) seems inadequate. Two-wheeler drivers form the largest segment of people affected by RTA. The socioeconomic and neurologic burden, imposed by TBI due to RTAs (largely preventable), is overwhelmingly significant, especially for a developing country like India. Materials and Methods Descriptive study involving patients, presenting to the casualty of Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, was performed, and various demographic features were analyzed. Usage of helmet and history of alcohol intake were also noted. Patients were evaluated according to their presenting Glasgow coma scale (GCS), investigated and either operated or managed conservatively, and their outcome was assessed with Glasgow outcome score (GOS) at 3 months. Results Bike drivers formed the single largest proportion of RTA victims (53.7%). Proportion of helmet users was 17.9%, whereas 21.9% were found with history of alcohol intake. There was a consistent trend toward a favorable outcome in patients with no alcohol intake (17.08% deaths compared with 34.07% patients with alcohol intake) and with helmet usage (14.55% compared with 22.18% in patients without helmet). However, the absolute contribution of these factors cannot be inferred. Conclusion Various factors related to RTA need evaluation for pooling and compilation of data at regional and national levels. Mandatory helmet laws and strict implementation and provision of subsidized helmets (standard, full coverage) will go a long way in reducing the burden on limited health resources.
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Zufahrizzat, S., MY Nuruddin, O. Saifudin, and A. Rauf. "Acute Traumatic Posterior Shoulder Dislocation With Greater Tuberosity Fracture." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 5_suppl5 (May 1, 2020): 2325967120S0008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00081.
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INTRODUCTION: Posterior shoulder dislocation is a rare injury and represents 2-5% of all shoulder dislocation cases. Even less frequent , posterior fracture-dislocation represents 0.9 % of shoulder fracture dislocation. Mechanism of injury include a traumatic event with axial loading of the adducted , internally rotated arm or more commonly from violent muscle contraction following a seizure or electrocution injury. Delays in diagnosis it are common, estimating 50 % are missed and it can lead to chronic pain, stiffness and long-term functional disability. METHOD: A 44 years old male was brought to our emergency department following road traffic accident. He was riding a motorcycle when he was hit by car from the left side. He complained of severe pain and functional disability of his left shoulder. Radiographs revealed posterior shoulder dislocation (light bulb sign) with quiry greater tuberosity (GT) fracture. CT scan was performed to assess fracture displacement. U slab was then applied, and the patient was taken to operation theatre after a routine blood investigations. RESULT: The patient was placed in semi beach position under general anesthesia. Incision was made via transdeltoid approach. Intraoperatively, posterior dislocation of the humeral head was confirmed. GT fragment size 2.7 cm x 1.6 cmwas indentified and reduced with temporary Kirschner-wires. The reduction was confirmed under image guidance and final fixation achieved with two partially threaded 4.0 mm cannulated screws. The shoulder was then immobilized with a sling 2 weeks subsequently pendulum exercise and progressive range of motion exercise was started. DISCUSSION: Inadequate radiograph including axillary view and poor physical examination are the main factors of misdiagnosis.The physicalfindings that may present are shoulder locked in an internally rotated posititon with limited external rotation , prominent posterior shoulder and coracoid . Radiograph will showing positive rim sign , absence of the half-moon overlap , light-bulb sign, and the trough line. A delay in diagnosis and treatment of posterior shoulder dislocation or fracture-dislocation has increased risks of nonunion, subsequent humeral head collapse, avascular necrosis and post-traumatic arthritis. CONCLUSION: Posterior dislocation of shoulder associated with greater tuberosity fracture is a rare and frequently missed injury. A thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation should avoid the missed diagnosis. REFERENCES: Figueiredo A et al Posterior fracturedislocation of the shoulder: An often unrecognized traumatic injury Orthopedics, Traumatology and Sports Med Int Journal (2018) 1 :8-11
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Kovacevic, J., M. Miskulin, D. Degmecic, A. Vcev, H. Palenkic, and I. Miskulin. "Mental health outcomes in road traffic accident survivors: prospective cohort study." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1380.
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Abstract Background Mental health outcomes of road traffic accidents (RTAs) are always investigated amongst the injured. The aim of this study was to investigate psychological consequences and associated factors in all RTA survivors irrelevant of their injury status. Methods A cohort of 200 Croatian RTA survivors was assessed one month after experiencing a RTA using the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist for civilians, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The New Injury Severity Scale was used for the injury severity assessment. Results RTA survivors reported substantial rates of PTSD (35.5%) and depression (20.0%) symptoms, and low rates of anxiety (4.5%). Symptoms of depression were associated with under-average self-perceived economic status (SES) (P = 0.001), irreligiousness (P = 0.001), medication use (P < 0.001), injury severity (P < 0.001), self-perceived threat to life (P < 0.022), hospitalization (P = 0.003), hospitalization duration (P = 0.004), surgical treatment of the injury (P < 0.001), unconsciousness in the RTA (P = 0.033) and post-RTA amnesia (0.039). PTSD symptoms were associated with unemployment (P = 0.034), under average SES (P = 0.004), lack of previous RTA experience (P = 0.025), previous psychiatric illness (P = 0.001), medication use (P = 0.001), psychiatric medication use (P < 0.001), injury affliction (P = 0.001), injury severity (P < 0.001), self-perceived threat to life (P < 0.001), pain after RTA (P = 0.009), hospitalization duration (P = 0.017) and claiming compensation (P = 0.008). Anxiety symptoms were associated with previous chronic (P = 0.037) or psychiatric illness (P = 0.010), previous permanent pain (P < 0.001), psychiatric medication use (P = 0.013) and rehabilitation after injury (P = 0.032). Conclusions A RTA is a traumatic event that can result in physical injuries, but also with psychological consequences depending on pre-RTA survivor's characteristics. Psychological support to those at risk may prevent psychological disorders after a RTA. Key messages Along with evaluation and treatment of road traffic accidents injuries, health care providers should evaluate pre-accident health status of all road traffic accidents victims. Understanding factors that present risk for poor mental health outcomes after the road traffic accidents is the key step in planning and organizing recovery of accidents survivors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traumatic event –road accident casualty"
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Bednářová, Denisa. "Dopravní nehoda jako traumatická situace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232882.
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The thesis refers to the issue of road accidents and their prevention in the Czech Republic, seen as a negative phenomenon in modern society. It is divided into two relatively independent parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on a general description of traffic accident and states their main causes. Moreover, it deals with a road accident as a traumatic event having negative effects on life of involved people, especially on the human psyche. At the end of this part you can find basic principles of emergency intervention on casualties of road accidents and organizations which offer free help to road accident casualties. In the practical part of this work there is a study of road accidents that happened in the region of the Czech Republic from the point of view of their causes and the age of the driver.
Book chapters on the topic "Traumatic event –road accident casualty"
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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure, and Richard Watt. "Public health approaches to the prevention of traumatic dental injuries." In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0021.
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Injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries around the world. It is estimated that, of the total burden of global disease, just over 12% is attributable to injuries (WHO 2008). Depending on the cause, injuries can be divided into unintentional and intentional. Two-thirds of the global burden of injury is classified as unintentional and these are mainly caused by road traffic injuries and falls. Intentional injuries are caused by violence. The term ‘accident’ is discouraged, as this suggests that chance or bad luck are the main causes of the harmful event (Davis and Pless 2001). Injuries are in fact predictable and preventable in most cases. The multiple and interacting causes of injury provide a good example of the broader determinants of health. Injuries are not solely caused by the behaviour of individuals. Instead, the underlying influences and causes of the behaviour, the broader context, need to be understood. Hanson et al. (2005) have proposed an ecological approach that describes three key dimensions: the individual, the physical environment, and the social environment. A better understanding of the true causes of this major global public health issue will help to inform more effective intervention strategies. In dentistry, increasing clinical and public health interest has focused on the issue of traumatic dental injury (TDI). This chapter will present an overview of the epidemiology of TDI. The impact of the condition will be highlighted and the key aetiological factors identified. A critical appraisal of treatment and preventive approaches will be presented and an alternative public health approach will be outlined. Data on the extent and severity of TDIs are rather limited in comparison to the amount of information available in relation to dental caries and periodontal diseases. Comparisons between populations is also hampered, as surveys often use different methods to measure and assess TDIs. A recent review of the global literature indicated that amongst pre-school children approximately one-third had suffered TDI in the primary dentition (Glendor 2008 ). It was estimated that a quarter of all school children and almost a third of adults had suffered trauma to the permanent dentition, although significant variations existed both between and within countries.