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1
Akin, Faith W. "Vestibular Consequences of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Blast Exposure." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2435.
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Akin, Faith W. "Vestibular Consequences of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Blast Exposure." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2429.
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Ghafur, Saeema. "Exposure to traumatic client histories and its psychological impact on interpreters." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495766.
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Fagelson, Marc A. "Influence of Traumatic Exposures on Audiologic Management." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5407.
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Hutson, Ché Brown. "Multiple risk factors for Parkinson's disease traumatic brain injury and pesticide exposure /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1997573481&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Bergh, Johannesson Kerstin. "Traumatic Exposure, Bereavement and Recovery among Survivors and Close Relatives after Disasters." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120200.
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Akin, Faith W., Owen D. Murnane, Courtney D. Hall, and Kristal M. Riska. "Vestibular Consequences of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Blast Exposure: A Review." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1778.
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The purpose of this article is to review relevant literature on the effect of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and blast injury on the vestibular system. Dizziness and imbalance are common sequelae associated with mTBI, and in some individuals, these symptoms may last for six months or longer. In war-related injuries, mTBI is often associated with blast exposure. The causes of dizziness or imbalance following mTBI and blast injuries have been linked to white matter abnormalities, diffuse axonal injury in the brain, and central and peripheral vestibular system damage. There is some evidence that the otolith organs may be more vulnerable to damage from blast exposure or mTBI than the horizontal semicircular canals. In addition, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common vestibular disorder following head injury that is treated effectively with canalith repositioning therapy. Treatment for (non-BPPV) mTBI-related vestibular dysfunction has focused on the use of vestibular rehabilitation (VR) augmented with additional rehabilitation methods and medication. New treatment approaches may be necessary for effective otolith organ pathway recovery in addition to traditional VR for horizontal semicircular canal (vestibulo-ocular reflex) recovery.
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Gibson, Lauren Elizabeth. "Traumatic life event exposure and attenuated psychosis: Symptom specificity and explanatory mechanisms." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/459222.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Although genetic factors appear to contribute substantially to the onset of psychotic disorders, environmental factors also influence the development and course of psychosis. One environmental risk factor that has been robustly associated with multiple psychosis outcomes is exposure to traumatic life events (TLEs). Specifically, TLEs have been associated with increased risk of psychotic disorders, with the prodrome of psychosis, and with dimensional measures of psychotic symptoms, such as attenuated positive psychotic symptoms. Nevertheless, TLEs have been linked to various mental disorders; therefore, the specificity of TLEs to psychosis remains unclear. Similarly, the mechanisms underlying the TLE-psychosis relation have not been fully delineated. The current project addressed these gaps by exploring three areas within the field of TLEs and psychosis. The first is by reviewing the literature on two understudied areas of the trauma and psychosis literature: 1) the specificity between trauma and psychosis in relation to other disorders that often result post-trauma, and 2) proposed mechanisms that uniquely link trauma to psychosis. Second, this project tested whether attentional biases, present in samples with trauma histories and experiencing attenuated forms of psychosis, were similar within both populations. Third, this project examined multiple putative mechanisms influencing the association between TLEs and attenuated psychosis that have been proposed, but not fully tested, in psychosis research, including dissociation, negative self-schemas, negative other-schemas, external locus of control, and stress sensitivity. Analysis of variance suggested that individuals with TLE histories demonstrate attentional biases for physical abuse words and overall TLE-related words, but that experiencing attenuated positive psychotic symptoms does not increase attentional biases in conjunction with a TLE history. Additionally, a bootstrapping method for examining multiple mediation indicated that increases in dissociation, negative self- and other-schemas, external locus of control, and perceived stress mediate the relationship between TLEs and attenuated psychosis. Collectively, this project underscores the importance of targeting multiple cognitive-based mechanisms that may emerge post-trauma in order to reduce psychotic-like experiences or disorders.
Temple University--Theses
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Angoff, Harrison D. "Post-traumatic stress or aggression: Distinct reactions associated with community violence exposure." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1611847518139184.
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Pile, Victoria. "Updating vs. exposure to modify responses to traumatic stimuli : an experimental study." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/updating-vs-exposure-to-modify-responses-to-traumatic-stimuli(cb359c47-09ed-4ab9-8495-212b61ea50ee).html.
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Re-experiencing symptoms are a hallmark feature of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). They are postulated to result from the way in which a trauma memory is encoded, organised and retrieved (e.g. Ehlers, Hackmann, & Michael, 2004). Research has illustrated the effectiveness of exposure therapy (Foa et al., 1991) and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (NICE, 2005) in the treatment of chronic PTSD, yet evidence for early intervention has been mixed. Reducing the fear response is a central aim in therapies for PTSD. Studies have shown that the fear response can be conditioned in humans in the laboratory, that it can return following extinction and that it can be prevented from returning (Schiller et al., 2008, 2010). This analogue study investigated methods to reduce the conditioned fear response, intrusion frequency and PTSD symptoms after viewing trauma films. The research used an experimental design that combined conditioning and trauma film paradigms. All participants underwent the same fear conditioning paradigm where trauma film stimuli (unconditioned stimuli) were paired with neutral stimuli (conditioned stimuli). Participants were randomly allocated to one of three US devaluation groups: ‘update’, ‘exposure’ and ‘neutral’. Exposure and updating techniques are frequently used as components of psychological therapy for PTSD but their relative effectiveness is unclear. This study aimed to compare the effects of updating the meaning of the trauma films (update group), further exposure to the trauma films (exposure group) and viewing non-traumatic films of related content (neutral group) on the reduction of the conditioned fear response and analogue PTSD symptoms. This study also investigated whether individual differences in fear conditioning are associated with the development of PTSD symptomatology. Overall, the findings suggest that adding a cognitive update to a US devaluation process significantly reduces subjective distress ratings to fear conditioned stimuli as well as intrusion frequency and PTSD symptoms. In this study, having a larger conditioned acquisition response predicted higher intrusion frequency and distress and more PTSD symptoms. However, in contrast to the hypotheses, adding a cognitive update to US devaluation increased skin conductance response to the conditioned stimulus compared to further exposure to the films. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed as well as limitations and avenues for future research.
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Cox, Michelle, and shelleyjcox@hotmail com. "Attentional bias effects following trauma exposure comparison of emotional Stroop and emotional lexical decision task paradigms." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20051130.132059.
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Attentional bias effects for threat and emotional words were investigated, using both the emotional Stroop and emotional lexical decision paradigms. Twenty-eight controls and twenty-eight survivors of sexual assault participated in this study, which comprised three key comparisons. First, key predictions of the threat and emotionality hypotheses were compared, in particular specific and general threat effects, and positive and negative emotionality effects. Second, two separate group comparisons were conducted, specifically controls versus survivors of sexual assault overall, and a matched subset of controls versus PTSD positive survivors of sexual assault versus PTSD negative survivors of sexual assault. Third, performance on the emotional Stroop task and emotional lexical decision task paradigms were compared directly. Slowed colour naming responses (i.e. interference) were observed for both threat effects and emotionality effects in the emotional Stroop task. For the emotional lexical decision task, slowed lexical decisions (i.e. interference) were observed for threat effects, whereas speeded lexical decisions (i.e. facilitation) were observed for emotionality effects. The findings of the current study indicate that threat and emotionality effects may co-exist in both control and survivor populations. The relationship between the presence or absence of PTSD symptoms and threat and emotionality effects requires further investigation with larger sample sizes. There may be a relationship between the presence of PTSD symptoms and specific threat effects, however the findings of the current study for general threat information were inconclusive. No relationship was evident between the presence of absence of PTSD symptoms and positive or negative emotionality effects. The current findings suggest that the emotional Stroop task may be better suited to quantifying threat effects but not emotionality effects, whereas the emotional lexical decision task appears to be able to quantify both threat and emotionality effects.
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Day, Kristen Wallace. "The perceptions and experiences of mental health professionals involved in the response and recovery following the April 16th, 2007 campus shootings at Virginia Tech." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40389.
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The breadth of interpersonal violence is continuously expanding. According to Broman-
Fulks et al. (2006), current epidemiological studies estimate that between 50% and 70% of
individuals in the United States have experienced some form of interpersonal violence during
their lifetime. The occurrence of â traumatic incidents may create powerful affective responses in
those who rescue, care for, and counsel the individuals directly affectedâ (Wilson & Lindy, 1994,
p. 333). This emotional reactivity is especially prevalent among those that work with survivors
of violent traumatic events (McCann & Pearlman, 1990). The variety of issues that mental
health professionals encounter are multidimensional and include their work context,
characteristics of their clients, and therapist variables. Due to such complexity, it is critical to
consider the broad ramifications and scope of professional quality of life when addressing the
outcomes of trauma work on mental health professionals.
The purpose of this study was to analyze, through qualitative methodology, the
professional quality of life of mental health professionals directly involved in the recovery
efforts after the campus shootings that occurred at Virginia Tech on April 16th, 2007. A
phenomenological research design was used to gather information regarding the experiences and
perceptions of various mental health professionals. Two in-depth interviews were conducted to
examine therapistsâ experiences regarding the vicarious exposure and growth potential involved
in this work. Analysis from the data revealed two primary themes; changed perception due to
shared traumatic exposure and the costs and benefits derived from trauma work. These themes depicted
the professional consequences for mental health workers who have been directly
affected by traumatic events and serve clients exposed to the same event. Findings indicate that
self-awareness is a critical component to enhancing therapeutic lenses and professional and
personal wellness. Further research considering the influence of shared exposure to trauma on
mental health professionals could further our understanding of the professional and personal
consequences of such work. This research could provide a guide for preparing current and future
counselors and supervisors when working during times of crisis.Ph. D.
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Nightingale, S. M. "Post-traumatic stress symptomatology following exposure to perceived traumatic perinatal events within the midwifery profession : the impact of trait emotional intelligence." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3009645/.
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Carter, Benjamin Hammond Weathers Frank W. "Reliability and concurrent validity of three self-report measures of trauma exposure." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1842.
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Rosine, Lois (Lois Pauline) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "The impact on correctional officers of exposure to critical incidents." Ottawa, 1992.
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Sauerbeck, Andrew David. "TRICHLOROETHYLENE EXPOSURE AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY INTERACT AND PRODUCE DUAL INJURY BASED PATHOLOGY AND PIOGLITAZONE CAN ATTENUATE DEFICITS FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/133.
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The development of Parkinson's disease (PD) in humans has been linked to genetic and environmental factors for many years. However, finding common single insults which can produce pathology in humans has proved difficult. Exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) or traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been shown to be linked to PD and it has also been proposed that multiple insults may be needed for disease development.
The present studies show that exposure to TCE prior to a TBI can result in pathology similar to early PD and that the interaction of both insults is required for impairment in behavioral function, and cell loss. Following exposure to TCE for 2 weeks there is a 75% impairment in mitochondrial function but it has yet to be shown if the addition of a TBI can make this worse. If the exposure to TCE is reduced to 1 week and combined with TBI a 50% reduction in mitochondrial function is observed following the dual injury which requires both insults. These studies provide further support for the hypothesis that PD may result from a multifactorial mechanism.
It had been established that regional differences exist in mitochondrial function across brain regions. The present studies indicate that previous findings are not likely to be the result of differences in individual mitochondria isolated from the cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. Further analysis of the effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on enzyme activity and oxygen consumption reveal that the different regions of the brain are similarly affected by the inhibitors. These results suggest that findings from previous studies indicating regionally specific deficits following systemic toxin exposure, such as with TCE, are not the result of regional differences in the individual mitochondria.
Given that TBI results in significant dysfunction, finding effective therapeutics for TBI will provide substantial benefits to individuals suffering an insult. Treatment with Pioglitazone following TBI reduced mitochondrial dysfunction, cognitive impairment, cortical tissue loss, and inflammation. These findings provide initial evidence that treatment with Pioglitazone may be an effective intervention for TBI.
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Turley, Matthew Robert, and Matthew Robert Turley. "The Impact of Traumatic Event Exposure and Traumatic Stress Symptoms on Cognitive and Achievement Abilities of Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623066.
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Lower performance on measures of neuropsychological and academic ability has been noted in adolescents with either Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) or exposure to traumatic life events. This present study looked to gather information on trauma exposure and symptoms in adolescents with T1DM. The first aim was to compare the neuropsychological and academic achievement performance of Type I Diabetes Mellitus positive adolescents who had experienced a traumatic event with those who had not. Second, the study explored if T1DM positive adolescent’s performance on neuropsychological and academic achievement could be predicted by the number and severity of traumatic stress symptoms they experienced. Finally, the study aimed to explore the nature of trauma exposure of its T1DM positive adolescent participants. Results found limited evidence participants who self-reported trauma exposure performed worse than those who did not on a measure of perceptual reasoning; those with parent-reported trauma exposure scored lower on a measure of visual perception and reasoning as well as an assessment of calculation ability than those whose parents did not. As trauma symptoms scores as reported by either self- or parent-report increased, participant scores on measures of general cognitive ability and attention decreased. As self-reported trauma symptoms increased, performance on perceptual reasoning and psychomotor ability decreased. As parent-reported trauma symptoms increased, vocabulary and verbal abilities decreased. In addition to the results noted for trauma symptom scores, the as the number of self-reported symptoms increased, executive functioning, vocabulary, and verbal abilities decreased. While parent-reported trauma symptoms were not associated with decreased performance on any academic measure, as self-reported trauma symptoms scores increased math calculation, reading comprehension, and writing fluency scores decreased.
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Rowson, Steven. "Head Acceleration Experienced by Man: Exposure, Tolerance, and Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37605.
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Between 1.6 and 3.8 million sports-related concussions are sustained by persons living in the United States annually. While sports-related concussion was once considered to only result in immediate neurocognitive impairment and symptoms that are transient in nature, recent research has correlated long-term neurodegenerative effects with a history of sports-related concussion. Increased awareness and current media attention have contributed to concussions becoming a primary health concern. Although much research has been performed investigating the biomechanics of concussion, little is understood about the biomechanics that cause concussion in humans. The research presented in this dissertation investigates human tolerance to head acceleration using methods that pair biomechanical data collected from human volunteers with clinical data. Head impact exposure and injury risk are quantified and presented.
In contrast to the publicly available data on the safety of automobiles, consumers have no analytical mechanism to evaluate the protective performance of football helmets. With this in mind, the Summation of Tests for the Analysis of Risk (STAR) evaluation system was developed to evaluate the impact performance of footballs helmets and provide consumers with information about helmet safety. The STAR evaluation system was designed using real world data that relate impact exposure to injury risk.Ph. D.
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Alberici, Alice. "Trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder and safety-seeking behaviours in children and adolescents." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2017. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66567/.
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Background: a significant portion of young people exposed to traumatic events (TEs) such as road traffic accidents or violence, develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Most research focuses on trauma-exposed populations such as child victims of natural disasters. There has also been a trend to look at cognitive aspects of models of PTSD rather than behavioural. Although safety-seeking behaviours have been highlighted in PTSD models as an important mechanism in PTSD, no current child measure of safety-seeking behaviours exists. Aims: the first aim was to provide a synthesis of population-based school-related studies and calculate pooled prevalence rates for TEs and PTSD. A further aim was to develop and explore the psychometric properties of a novel Child Safety Behaviour Scale (CSBS) in both school pupils and existing data from a sample of trauma-exposed young persons with or without a clinical diagnosis of PTSD. Method: a systematic review conducted between 1980 and 2016 produced 687 studies, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria. In the empirical study a battery of questionnaires was administered to 391 school pupils (aged 12-15 years). This was combined with existing data of 68 (8-17 years) children who completed the CSBS previously. Results: rates of cross-cultural TE exposure were 50.0% and 7.8% for PTSD. All studies were high quality but mostly US-based. The CSBS demonstrated good psychometric properties and a weak, possible two-factor structure. Safety-seeking behaviours, negative appraisals, number of trauma types, cognitive avoidance and rumination were significant predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Conclusions: the high rates of TE and PTSD observed in this review calls for more cross-cultural research within population-based school samples and necessitates the integration of mental health and education services. Further, the CSBS may be a useful tool both for clinical monitoring and within research to further examine the role of safety-seeking behaviours in PTSD.
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Levey, Elizabeth J., Bizu Gelaye, Karestan Koenen, Qiu-Yue Zhong, Archana Basu, Sixto E. Sanchez, David C. Henderson, Michelle A. Williams, and Marta B. Rondón. "Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder in a cohort of pregnant Peruvian women." Springer-Verlag Wien, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622313.
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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Women have a higher prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than men, with a peak during the reproductive years. PTSD during pregnancy adversely impacts maternal and infant health outcomes. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of antepartum PTSD symptoms in a population of pregnant Peruvian women and to examine the impact of number of traumatic events and type of trauma experienced. The Traumatic Events Questionnaire was used to collect data about traumatic exposures. The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) was used to assess PTSD. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Three thousand three hundred seventy-two pregnant women were interviewed. Of the 2920 who reported experiencing one or more traumatic events, 41.8% met criteria for PTSD (PCL-C score ≥ 26). A quarter of participants had experienced four or more traumas, and 60.5% of those women had PTSD. Interpersonal trauma was most strongly associated with PTSD (aOR, 3.20; 95% CI, 2.74-3.74), followed by unspeakable trauma (aOR, 2.87; 95% CI, 2.35-3.50), and structural trauma (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.15-1.67). These findings indicate the high prevalence of PTSD during pregnancy in the Peruvian population, which is relevant to other countries suffering from terrorism, war, or high rates of violence. This underscores the importance of screening for PTSD in pregnancy.
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Perry, Andrew. "The effects of traumatic exposure on clinical and non clinical staff in oncology settings." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31245.
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This thesis systematically examined the published evidence for occupational traumatisation in intrinsically based health care professionals. This reveals sigificant PTSD prevalence in this group of professionals, both when compared to general population norms and those reported for emergency professionals. Therefore the primary research attempted to extend these conclusions about professional posttraumatic reactions in an oncology context. In light of the developing literature it also considered the potential positive effects of traumatic exposure. The cross sectional study (N=149) reported equivalent level of negative posttraumatic outcomes as studies of other professionals. In addition, positive effects were also reported at higher levels than reported in other professionals. Only received social support accounted for variance in either positive or negative effects. However these are tentative conclusions given the methodologies used.
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Proctor, Dawn. "A randomised controlled-trial of metacognitive therapy versus exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491142.
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Background: Chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs frequently and is characterised by an unremitting course (Kessler et al. 1995). Despite the availability of effective treatments a significant proportion of clients remain symptomatic following intervention (Cahill & Foa, 2004). Existing approaches seem inadequate to tackle this growing problem. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a novel approach and has demonstrated efficacy (Wells et al. 2008). This research compared MCT with Exposure therapy and a waitlist control condition (WL). Method: Participants (N=32) with symptom chronicity of~ 3 months were recruited for this . randomised controlled trial (RCT) from four Clinical Psychology Departments across the North West of England. Following an initial assessment those opting into the trial were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions, eight sessions of therapy (MCT v. Exposure) or an eight week wait period (WL) followed by a second randomisation to receive one of the active treatments. It was hypothesised that both active treatments would lead to significant reductions in PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms compared with the WL and MCT would generate a faster rate of change compared with Exposure. The Impact of Events Scale (IES) was the primary outcome measure. Evaluations were conducted at pre-treatment and post-treatment time points. Results: Both MCT and Exposure resulted in statistically significant reductions in symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression compared with the WL control. MCT led to greater reductions than Exposure across symptoms of psychological distress and physiological arousal. Eighty-two percent of those completing MCT and 64% of the Exposure group met clinical significance criteria for recovery at post-treatment. In conclusion, MCT appears to be a highly effective treatment for PTSD when compared with traditional approaches. The clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Andel, Stephanie A. "The Impact of Traumatic Event Exposure in the Emergency Medical Services: A Weekly Diary Study." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7391.
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Emergency Medical Service (EMS) professionals are consistently exposed to a variety of traumatic events on the job, such as cases that involve the death or injury of a patient, being physically threatened, or encountering a mass casualty incident. Not surprisingly, research has found that such traumatic exposure has major implications, as it has been related to a plethora of negative strain outcomes such as posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and burnout. However, at this point, research has not empirically examined the mechanisms by which these traumatic events lead to strain. Therefore, this study aims to further investigate these mechanisms by incorporating the role that emotion regulation (i.e., expressive suppression) plays in this process. Further, this study investigates various moderators in this process, including one individual difference factor (i.e., implicit theories about emotion expression) and two contextual factors (i.e., social support and organizational constraints).
To test the links in the aforementioned process, a weekly diary study was conducted online with 200 current EMS professionals. Specifically, participants completed a baseline survey (Time 0) that measured trait-level variables and demographics. Then, participants completed 10 weekly diary studies that included measures of exposure to traumatic events, negative affective reactions, expressive suppression, and strain outcomes. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to test the study hypotheses.
Results of this study show that within person, traumatic event exposure was related to strain. Further, although traumatic event exposure was not consistently related to expressive suppression, the positive link between expressive suppression and strain was consistent. Additionally, organizational constraints were found to serve as a moderator in the relationship between expressive suppression and strain, such that higher organizational constraints exacerbate this relationship. Overall, these results provide a better understanding of the process that links traumatic event exposure to strain in the EMS profession. This research has implications for organizations, as it examines various factors that may be addressed in order to ensure that EMS professionals are better equipped to deal with these unfortunate exposures. Ultimately, the results of this study will hopefully prove helpful in devising interventions to enhance the wellbeing of EMS professionals in the wake of exposure to traumatic events.
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Deguara, Michael C. "Feel it and deal with it : mental health practitioners' experiences of exposure to the trauma material of survivor clients /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17280.pdf.
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Daneshvar, Daniel H. "Athletic exposure to repetitive brain trauma and its effect on the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/10977.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityChronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease marked by widespread accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau (ptau). CTE is associated with a constellation of symptoms, including impairments in cognition, behavior, and mood. Although initially described in boxers as dementia pugilistrca, CTE has been diagnosed in athletes from a variety of backgrounds, as well as military veterans and other individuals exposed to traumatic brain injury (TBI). To date, the only shared risk factor for CTE is a history of single or multiple TBI. This work aimed to better elucidate the relationship between exposure to head impacts and the development and progression of CTE. Although the link between brain injury and CTE has been well described, the magnitude of this relationship has never been studied epidemiologically. The minimum prevalence of CTE was determined in a cohort at high risk of exposure to head impacts, specifically National Football League (NFL) athletes. All former NFL athletes who passed away in 2011 were identified; a subset of these athletes were studied and diagnosed with CTE to establish a minimum prevalence of CTE. The characteristics of those examined and diagnosed with CTE and those undiagnosed were explored. These analyses represent the first epidemiologic study of CTE; the high prevalence highlights the relationship between exposure to head impacts and the diagnosis of CTE. Next, the relationship between the nature of athletic exposure and CTE was quantified. An athletic history questionnaire was developed and integrated into a mathematical model, incorporating data from sensors placed in football players' helmets, to identify the theoretical frequency and magnitude of an athlete's head impact exposure. This model was adapted for use postmortem, and it was found that the duration of athletic exposure, total theoretical collisions experienced; and the sum of the 95th percentiles of the rotational acceleration endured, were all significantly associated with extent of CTE pathology. The relationships between the type of athletic exposure and the clinical presentation of disease and the specific neuroanatomic distribution of p-tau were also explored. These findings indicate the significant role of athletic exposure to head impacts on the diagnosis and progression of CTE, clinically and pathologically.
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Huerta, Monica. "Immigration Stress, Exposure to Traumatic Life Experiences, and Problem Drinking Among First-Generation Immigrant Latino Couples." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54576.
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This study explored the relationship of each partner's immigration stress and exposure to traumatic life experiences, with both his or her own problem drinking and the partner's problem drinking. The study was guided by Bodenmann's systemic-transactional stress model and used secondary data collected in 2009 from 104 Latino immigrant couples living in the Washington DC area. Results from the path model analysis indicated that even though men's overall immigration stress was not significantly related to their own problem drinking, emotional dimensions of immigration stress were in a positive direction. Men's overall immigration stress was negatively related to their partners' problem drinking. The women's overall immigration stress was significantly and positively related to their own problem drinking, particularly for acculturation related aspects and stress from missing family, but it was not significantly related to their partner's problem drinking. Additionally, men's exposure to traumatic life experiences was significantly, positively associated with problem drinking but it was not significantly associated with their own overall immigration stress. For women, results were different as exposure to traumatic life experiences was not associated with their own problem drinking but it was significantly and positively related to their overall immigration stress in the hypothesized direction. Limitations, research, and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.Master of Science
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Chapin, Mark George. "Exposure to violence and post traumatic stress symptomatology in United States Army basic combat training recruits." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1062684299.
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Zakariasson, Emelie. "Relationship between exposure to traumatic stress and mental illness : A study on flood victims in Nepal." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19394.
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Traumatic experiences, such as natural disasters, do not only cause people to suffer from material and financial losses, but they can lead to a maladaptive regulation of the stress response and to the onset of stress-induced psychopathology. Traumatic stress has been shown to alter brain structures and functions involved in the stress response. It has also been linked to the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, an overactive sympathetic nervous system with elevated cortisol and norepinephrine levels. These neurobiological alterations can make some individuals more vulnerable to the development of depression and anxiety disorders. A dose-response relationship between trauma severity and psychopathology has been found in previous research. Research has also revealed that a person’s perceived ability to cope with hardship, coping self-efficacy (CSE), is related to decreased vulnerability or resilience to stress. In the study carried out in the framework of this thesis, associations between the severity of traumatic exposure and CSE with posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder were examined in a sample (N = 105) of Nepalese flood victims. Participants (18-90 years old) answered a questionnaire carried out via interview. Results showed that there were no significant correlations between flood related trauma severity and depression or anxiety. However, findings showed that higher CSE was associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Future studies in Nepal should directly investigate this association as well as possible interventions aimed at enhancing CSE and whether such interventions can reduce symptoms of depression.
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Taylor, Jacques William. "Assessment of research criteria for exposure-based outcome studies of PTSD." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49859.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Treatment outcome research strives towards objective estimates of disorder-specific treatment efficacy and has been applied to most psychiatric disorders. However, due to shortcomings in outcome research designs, problems still remain regarding the interpretation and generalisability of treatment outcomes. This is despite the development of research methodology criteria such as the Gold Standards, currently viewed as essential criteria for well-controlled cognitive-behavioural outcome research. The objectives of this assignment are (a) to assess the Gold Standards as criteria for treatment outcome research by means of a qualitative overview and evaluation of exposure treatment studies for PTSD, and (b) to make recommendations for the expansion and/or modification of these criteria. An assessment of five selected treatment outcome trials, based on the Gold Standards, showed significant limitations in the scope of the Gold Standards regarding (a) the inclusion of target symptoms in the research hypotheses, (b) estimates of treatment adherence, (c) guidelines for statistical analyses of attrition points, (d) the ethical implementation of exposure treatment, and (e) estimates of significant clinical change. It is concluded that the Gold Standards are not sufficient to ensure valid and reliable treatment outcomes. Recommendations are made for the expansion of four of the existing Gold Standards parameters and three additional criteria are proposed. Key words: treatment outcome research, Gold Standards, post-traumatic stress disorder, exposure therapy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Navorsing oor behandelingsuitkoms streef na objektiewe resultate oor die uitkoms van behandeling vir spesifieke psigiatriese versteurings. Nogtans, weens tekortkominge in die ontwerp van uitkomsstudies, word talle probleme steeds ervaar met die interpretasie en veralgemeenbaarheid van die resultate van die studies. Dit is die geval ten spyte van die ontwikkeling van navorsingskriteria soos die "Gold Standards" wat huidig as die belangrikste kriteria vir uitkomsstudies op die gebied van die kognitiewe gedragsterapie aanvaar word. Hierdie projek het ten doelom (a) die Gold Standards as kriteria vir uitkomsnavorsing te assesseer deur middel van 'n kwalitatiewe oorsig en evaluering van vyf geselekteerde uitkomsstudies van blootstellingsterapie vir post-traumatiese stresversteuring, en (b) om aanbevelings te maak ter aanvulling enJofwysiging van die Gold Standards. Evaluasie van die studies het betekenisvolle beperkings in die Gold Standards se omvattenheid uitgelig in terme van (a) die insluiting van teikensimptome in die navorsingshipoteses, (b) die skatting van behandelingvoitrekking ("treatment adherence"), (c) riglyne vir die statistiese analise van data oor attrisie, (d) die etiese implementering van blootstellingsterapie, en (e) skattings van betekenisvolle kliniese verandering. Dit blyk dat die Gold Standards nie voldoende is om geldige en betroubare resultate oor behandelingsuitkomste te verseker nie. Aanbevelings word gemaak vir die hersiening van vier van die Gold Standards kriteria en drie addisionele kriteria word voorgestel. Sleutelwoorde: behandelingsuitkomsnavorsing. Gold Standards, post-traumatiese stresversteuring, blootstellingsterapie.
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Spiller, Nicola. "The comparative effects of transformation, exposure and distraction in reducing the distress associated with analogue post-traumatic images." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484169.
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Makadia, Rakhee. "Indirect exposure to client trauma and the impact on trainee clinical psychologists : secondary traumatic stress or vicarious traumatization?" Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1710/.
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Walton, Deborah L. "A Randomised controlled trial of Metacognitive Therapy and exposure Therapy for post-traumatic Stress Disorder: psychological Mechanisms Involved." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492889.
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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating anxiety disorder effecting an individual's occupational and social functioning. Psychological theories have attempted to explore the underlying mechanisms that are thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of PTSD. From these theories several treatment approacherhavrbeen developed with the majority relying on exposure. To date the effectiveness of exposure treatment has not been surpassed but outcomes vary, with room for improvement. Few studies have examined predictors of change. The study reported here compared a new treatment metacognitive therapy (MCT) with exposure therapy (EXP) and waitlist control condition (WL) and assessed psychological predictors' of treatment outcome.
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Allwood, Maureen A. "The relations of violence exposure, trauma symptoms and aggressive cognitions to youth violent behavior." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4148.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (November 7, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Mills, Sarah. "How do veterans make sense of their disengagement from traditional exposure therapy and their subsequent engagement in a non-exposure based therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?" Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/299388.
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Research psychologists often complain that practitioners disregard research evidence whilst practitioners sometimes accuse researchers of failing to produce evidence with sufficient ecological validity. The tension that thus arises is highlighted, using the specific illustrative examples of two treatment methods for post-traumatic disorder (PTSD): Eye-Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) and exposure based interventions. Contextual reasons for the success or failure of particular treatment models that are often only tangentially related to the theoretical underpinnings of the models are discussed. Suggestions regarding what might be learnt from these debates are put forward and implications for future research are discussed.
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Baranova, Anna Igorevna. "The Effects of Chronic Nicotine Exposure on Morris Water Maze Performance After Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in Adolescent Rats." VCU Scholars Compass, 2003. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/174.
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Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and its resulting pathophysiology have been extensively examined before. However, little is known in the area of pre-injury factors that influence vulnerability to and recovery from TBI. The current study examined the effects of pre-injury chronic nicotine exposure on Morris water maze performance, following TBI in adolescent rats. Fifteen days prior to lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI), adolescent rats (30 days old) were implanted with osmotic mini-pumps filled with nicotine (4.5mg/kg/day) or saline. Half the rats received lateral fluid percussion injury and half received sham injury. Animals were assessed for cognitive recovery in the Morris water maze on post-injury days (PID) 11 through 15. The MWM results indicated no significant differences between injured animals infused with chronic nicotine and injured animals infused with saline.
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Martin, Victoria Anne. "Relationships between learned helplessness factors, child abuse, combat exposure, and severity of chronic combat-related PTSD /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3018381.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-96). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Rodgers, Shano. "Examining Trauma Exposure, Organizational Climate, and Job Outcomes in Child Welfare." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4814.
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Exposure to traumatic situations is routine for child welfare workers in California, and the attrition rate for newly hired social workers in some states is estimated to be nearly 50% in the 1st year of employment. Prior research has indicated that reasons for dissatisfaction included dysfunctional organizational climate and culture. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which trauma exposure contributed to secondary traumatic stress and intent to quit and to examine the degree to which organizational climate moderated the exposure among direct service child welfare employees. Kurt Lewin's field theory, Figley's theory of secondary traumatic stress or compassion fatigue, and McCann and Pearlman's constructivist self-development theory were foundational for this study. The research questions determined whether a) trauma exposure to would relate positively with secondary traumatic stress and intent to quit, b) organizational climate would relate negatively with secondary traumatic stress and intent to quit, and c) organizational climate would moderate the relationship between trauma exposure and secondary traumatic stress as well as intent to quit. Pearson correlations indicated that exposure to traumatic situations was statistically related to secondary traumatic stress but not intent to quit, and organizational climate was statistically significant in relation to secondary traumatic stress and intent to quit. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated no interaction effect on either dependent variable but might have approached significance with a larger sample. Positive social change can occur through child welfare organizations emphasizing strategies that can reduce secondary traumatic stress and turnover.
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Akin, Faith W., and Owen D. Murnane. "Head Injury and Blast Exposure: Vestibular Consequences." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1786.
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Young adults are more likely to suffer blast injury and traumatic brain injury (TBI) than other age groups. This article reviews the literature on the vestibular consequences of blast exposure and TBI and concussion. In addition, the vestibular test findings obtained from 31 veterans with a history of blast exposure and/or mild TBI are presented. The authors discuss loss of horizontal semicircular canal function and postural instability related to head injury. Preliminary data suggest the novel theory that otolith organs are uniquely vulnerable to head injury and blast exposure.
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Cowan, Beryl Ann. "Trauma Exposure and Behavioral Outcomes in Sheltered Homeless Children: The Moderating Role of Perceived Social Support." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11282007-150104/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Gregory J. Jurkovic, Gabriel P. Kuperminc, committee co-chairs; Lisa Armistead, Sarah Cook, committee members. Electronic text (117 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 6, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-83).
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Mobley, M. E., Faith W. Akin, Courtney D. Hall, Owen D. Murnane, and Jennifer R. Sears. "Longitudinal consequences of mTBI and blast exposure on vestibular and balance function: preliminary observations." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2461.
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Martorano, Lisa. "Analysis of Brain Structure in a Community Sample of Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as a Result of Chile Abuse Exposure." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1239029267.
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Sinclair, Elaine. "Coping with the effects of exposure to trauma : exploring the link between post-traumatic stress symptoms and problematic substance use in adolescents." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26937.
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Objectives: To replicate the finding of an association between PTSD symptomatology and problematic drug/alcohol use in a clinical sample of young people in Scotland. To examine possible gender differences in this association, as well as the potential moderating effects of perceived social support and coping. To test the self-medication hypothesis (SMH). Design: The present study is cross-sectional in design. Method: A series of five self-report questionnaires were administered, individually, to obtain measures of PTSD symptomatology, levels of problematic drug and alcohol use, perceived social support and coping. In addition, a short series of structured interview questions were asked, where appropriate, to elicit further information pertaining to drug and/or alcohol use. Results: The results indicated a lack of a significant association between PTSD and substance use in the sample being studied. Some support for the SMH was obtained with the finding of an association between perceived relatedness of alcohol use and trauma effects, and levels of problematic alcohol use. Reported onset of alcohol use prior to the trauma experience was associated with higher levels of problematic use and individuals reporting prior onset of substance use, tended to report an increase in use following the trauma. Conclusions: Results are discussed in the context of prior findings in the literature of a consistent relationship between PTSD and substance use, and methodological limitations of the present study are highlighted. It is suggested, with reservation, that the results provide some support for the SMH. Clinical implications and future recommendations are discussed.
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Hernandez, Tejada Melba A. "Using peer specialists to reserve dropout from prolonged exposure therapy delivered in person or via telehealth for combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457986.
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El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo abordar el tema del abandono de la Terapia de Exposición Prolongada (TEP) en ex-combatientes de Guerra (Veteranos), uno de los tratamientos con mayor basamento empírico sobre su efectividad para el tratamiento del Trastorno de Estrés Posttraumático (TEPT). La TEP típicamente produce resultados positivos duraderos si se llega a completar. Como tal, la Administración de Salud de Veteranos (VHA por sus siglas en inglés) ha invertido recursos extensos en investigación y en clínicas para poner este tratamiento a disposición de los Veteranos bajo el cuidado de la VHA. Desafortunadamente, poco se ha investigado y prestado atención a la reversión del abandon premature en la TEP, que oscila alrededor de un 30%. Esto es de especial preocupación para los Veteranos en los Estados Unidos, que son más propensos a sufrir de trastorno de estrés postraumático que el resto de la población civil.Un estudio previo de la autora de la presente tesis (Hernández-Tejada, Zoller, Ruggiero, Kazley y Acierno, 2014) examinó la deserción de dicha terapia en Veteranos que participaban en la TEP via la modalidad tradicional en persona o via telesalud. Este estudio mostró que en el caso de aquellos que recibían la TEP llevada a cabo en persona, la causa de abandon se derivaba de los problemas relacionados con la logística como tráfico, distancia del hospital, problemas para estacionar el vehículo y el costo indirecto (por ejemplo, horas de trabajo perdido); mientras que para aquellos que recibían la TEP a través de la telesalud en el hogar, la deserción se relacionaba más específicamente con los propios componentes del tratamiento. Específicamente, estos pacientes informaron que las asignaciones de exposición in vivo eran muy incómodas, difíciles y casi intolerables, y por lo tanto el factor principal conducente al abandon del tratamiento.
Este trabajo describe un programa para solucionar el abandono de TEP a través del uso de "especialistas de pares" (como se les llama dentro de la VHA) de una manera novedosa, es decir, directamente durante las asignaciones de exposición in vivo. Hasta los momentos, los pares no habían sido utilizados de esta manera, y de hecho tal uso había sido prohibido. En cambio, los pares se usan principalmente para alentar a otros Veteranos a buscar tratamiento y para ayudarles a ‘navegar’ el sistema hospitalario VHA. Por lo tanto, una innovación importante del presente trabajo es elevar el papel de dicho par o igual a un miembro central y clave del equipo de tratamiento.
La idea de usar pares o acompañamiento durante la terapis proviene de una amplia evidencia empírica a favor del apoyo social como herramienta para mejorar la recuperación de la salud mental y física. A través del desarrollo de esta tesis, los conceptos de TEPT, TEP, y apoyo usando a pares, se discuten en la sección I. Los métodos se discuten en la sección II. Los manuscritos publicados en revistas revisadas por pares se presentan en la sección III, y finalmente la discusión se presenta en la sección IV. En esta tésis también se incluyen en la sección de Apéndices el consentimiento informado utilizado y todos los instrumentos de estudio.The following study aimed to address the issue of Veteran dropout from Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy, one of the most effective evidence-based treatments for PTSD. PE typically produces long lasting positive results if treatment is actually completed. As such, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has invested extensive resources into research and practices to make this treatment available to the Veterans under VHA care. Unfortunately, little research and attention has been paid to reversing dropout from PE, which is not insignificant at about 30%. This is of particular concern for Veterans in the United States, who are more likely to suffer from PTSD than civilians. A previous study by the author of the present thesis (Hernandez-Tejada, Zoller, Ruggiero, Kazley & Acierno, 2014) examined Veteran dropout from in person delivered and home-telehealth delivered PE. This study showed that, for in person delivered PE, logistics-related problems such as driving time to appointments, distance to the hospital, parking issues, and indirect cost (i.e., missed work) incurred through participation in therapy were related to dropout, whereas for those receiving PE via home telehealth, dropout related more specificallyto treatment components themselves. In particular, participants in home telehealth delivered PE were more likely to report that in vivo exposure assignments were very uncomfortable, difficult, and almost intolerable, and noted that this was a factor leading to their attrition from treatment. The following work describes a program to address dropout from PE that uses ‘peer specialists” (as they are called within the VHA) in a novel way, that is, directly during in vivo exposure assignments. Peer specialists have not been used in this manner before, and in fact such use has been prohibited. Instead, peers are used primarily to encourage other Veterans to obtain treatment, and to help Veterans navigate the VHA hospital system. Thus, a major innovation of the present work is elevating the role of a trained peer to a central and key member of the treatment team. The idea of using peers comes from a wide evidence base in favor of leveraging social support to enhance mental and physical health recovery. Through the development of this proposal, concepts related to PTSD, PE and peer support are discussed in the Background in section I. Methods are discussed in section II. The manuscripts published in peer-reviewed journals are presented, as is a summary of the results, in section III, and finally the discussion is presented in section IV. This manuscript also includes the Appendices within which informed consent and all study instruments are given.
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Briley, Joshua Paul. "Trauma Responses, Abuse History, and Exposure to Violence as Risk Factors in Adolescent Sex and Non-Sex Offenders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4369/.
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Several risk factors have been identified for adolescent sex offenders and non-sex offenders. Such risk factors include physical and/or sexual abuse, and exposure to community and/or domestic violence. Additionally, the presence of disinhibitive factors, such as substance use and exposure to violent or pornographic media are also commonly reported in the backgrounds of both sex and non-sex offenders. Similarly, adolescent offenders have reported traumatic reactions to environmental factors such as abuse and violence. Similarities in exposure to the risk and disinhibitive factors described above between adolescent sex and non-sex offenders do not provide an explanation for why some adolescents commit sex offenses, whereas other adolescent offenders do not. This study investigated the discriminative ability of traumatic reactions as a risk factor between male adolescent sex and non-sex offenders. The inclusion of traumatic reactions increased the accuracy of risk factors distinguishing between sex and non-sex offenders. Thus, not only the presence of risk factors, but also the adolescent's reaction to the risk factors, are important predictors of whether he will commit a sexual offense.
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Augsburger, Mareike [Verfasser]. "Becoming cruel in the face of war : Sex-specific, individual, and social aspects affecting the relation between exposure to traumatic stress and aggression / Mareike Augsburger." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/112959906X/34.
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Cliffe, Thomas David. "A review of imaginal exposure treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder and the development and validation of a short-version of the supervisory relationship questionnaire (S-SRQ)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599880.
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The first paper is a review of Imaginal Exposure treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). There are still questions around the effectiveness and acceptability of exposure treatments for PTSD, and whether different forms of exposure such as Imaginal Exposure (lE) are equally as effective as other psychological treatments for this presentation. Such knowledge may prove useful for services and clinicians who want to utilise an effective and acceptable treatment. This review summarises and evaluates empirical literature on lE treatment for PTSD. Numerous methodological limitations were raised , however evidence suggests that lE treatments are effective in the treatment of PTSD, including some co-morbid difficulties such as depression and anxiety. Nonetheless, lE is not always as effective when compared to other PTSD treatments or 'combination' treatments, and cannot yet be recommended by itself for more complex PTSD presentations or Type-II trauma. Acceptability of lE was not determined in any of the studies, although dropout rates (a potential marker 0 acceptability) were similar to other PTSD treatment studies. The findings also support the Emotional Processing Model as a potential mechanism in exposure treatment. Clinical, service and research implications are discussed. The second paper aimed to produce a shorter version of the Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire (the Short-Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire: S-SRQ) that retained its reliability and psychometric validity. Two hundred and three UK trainee clinical psychologists completed a series of on line questionnaire including the developed S-SRQ. A Principal Component Analysis identified three components of the S-SRQ: 'Safe Base', 'Reflective Education' and 'Structure'. The S-SRQ (three subscales, 18 items) has high internal reliability, adequate test-retest reliability and good convergent, divergent, and predictive validity. Certain supervisor and supervisee characteristics were associated with higher supervisory relationship (SR) scores. Findings also support aspects of existing S models. The S-SRQ is a promising measure for use in clinical, training and research settings.
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Rothman, David J. "The Effect of Pre-Deployment Physiology as a Predictor of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among a Sample of United States Army National Guard and Reserve Soldiers." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4123.
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Potential risk factors for development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are still unclear. One potential risk factor for the development of PTSD is an individual’s cardiovascular reactivity and recovery in response to stressor tasks. The current study was conducted with 763 Army National Guard and Army Reserve soldiers. Participants completed a stressful induction along with self-report measures prior to deployment. Post-deployment, self-report measures were completed to assess PTSD symptomatology and experiences related to deployment and combat. Multiple regression was used to determine the ability of blood pressure response to stress to predict PTSD symptoms immediately and one-year after return from deployment. Results indicated that soldiers who had a less reactive systolic blood pressure response to and recovery from stressor tasks reported more PTSD symptomatology immediately after and one year after return from deployment. These results suggest that soldiers who develop PTSD after deployment have less pre-deployment emotion regulation ability.
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Raiche, Emily. "The Effects of Resilience and Self-Compassion on Symptoms of Stress and Growth Resulting from Combat Exposure in Service Members." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984272/.
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The current study examined the impact of resilience and self-compassion on the relationship between combat exposure and psychological outcomes, specifically post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic growth. Service members and veterans with combat exposure (N = 143) completed an online survey, through which they were administered a Background Questionnaire, the Combat Exposure Scale, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Self-Compassion Scale. Results of a path analysis revealed a positive direct effect of combat exposure on post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth and a negative direct effect of self-compassion on post-traumatic stress symptoms. Furthermore, self-compassion moderated the relationship between combat exposure and post-traumatic growth. Implications of these findings and future directions for research are discussed.
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Saile, Regina [Verfasser]. "The transmission of violence in families living in a post-conflict context: An intergenerational study of the relationship between traumatic war exposure, family violence and psychopathology in northern Uganda / Regina Saile." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072756366/34.
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Nogueira, José Rômulo Feitosa. "Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em universitários vítimas de violência doméstica na infância e na adolescência." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/13102.
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Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) em estudantes universitários vítimas de traumas sexuais, físicos e psicológicos ocorridos em ambientes domésticos, vivenciados na infância e na adolescência. Método: Estudo de corte transversal e caráter censitário, em sete instituições localizadas na região Nordeste do Brasil, com alunos maiores de 18 anos do primeiro e do último semestres teóricos dos cursos de graduação. A coleta de dados efetivada em 2011 utilizou as seguintes escalas: Questionário Sóciodemográfico, Questionário de História de Trauma (THQ) e PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). A estatística descritiva foi utilizada para analisar os dados processados com o uso do Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 17.0. O estudo foi financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e aprovado em Comitês de Ética em pesquisa dos estados da Bahia e da Paraíba. Resultados: Dentre 2.589 sujeitos elegíveis para o estudo, participaram 2.282 (88,1%), destes, 648 (28,4%) foram expostos a traumas domésticos. Os abusos físicos e psicológicos ocorreram com maior frequência do que os abusos sexuais. Os traumas físicos e psicológicos foram mais frequentes na adolescência e os traumas sexuais tiveram maior frequência no período da infância. As vítimas de traumas domésticos com maior renda familiar apresentaram maior prevalência para TEPT. Os sujeitos que vivenciaram traumas no âmbito doméstico, tanto na infância quanto na adolescência, tiveram maior prevalência para sintomas de TEPT do que os sujeitos com traumas domésticos somente na infância ou somente na adolescência. A prevalência de TEPT nos estudantes vítimas de traumas sexuais, físicos e psicológicos ocorridos em ambientes domésticos, representou, praticamente, o dobro da prevalência encontrada nos sujeitos sem traumas domésticos. Conclusão: Indivíduos expostos a abusos infantis, em âmbito doméstico, podem se tornar mais propensos a desenvolver Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático.
Salvador