Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traumatisme psychique – Et la guerre'
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Al, Jendi Nada. "Traumatisme psychique et symbolisation : cas des victimes de guerre en Irak." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20060/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with subjects who have been through a war traumatism. These subjects have lived, witnessed or have been confronted with one or numerous events where close or far relatives died or were threatened to be killed. Moreover, the specificity of the traumatic shock they have been the victims of lies in the fact it keeps surfacing up repeatedly through forced memories or nightmares.Our research focuses on the question of the psychic elaboration of the traumatic event, the way it becomes a thought, and on the meaning one gives to it. This work of elaboration is realized thanks to internal and external resources.We consider from the outset that overcoming one’s trauma should not be interpreted as a resistance to it but as the capacity to represent the experience that has been undergone. Our study is based on a population of Iraqi women who fled the Iraqi-American war and the civil war. It is a population of refugees who sought asylum in Syria
Ghozlan, Eric. "Traumatisme psychique individuel et traumatisme psychique collectif. La théorie psychanalytique à l’épreuve du réel de l'effraction traumatique : trauma et attentat, trauma et guerre, trauma et catastrophe naturelle, trauma et Shoah." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7014.
Full textThe question of psychic traumatism is consubstantial of the discovery of the unconscious freudian.This original theory, radically reshaped by the conceptual contribution of fantasy and oedipal complex theory has left its mark on current conceptions of psychotraumatism. Indeed, do we not find, in the theories of debriefing psychological the idea of a necessary abreaction with therapeutic effects through the magic of speech?The psychic intrusion as a metaphor of an intrusion/delinking of the impulsive economy of the psychic apparatus appears to us fertile in the field of exploration of psychotrauma which we propose to carry out through diversified clinical experiments relating to the collection of testimonies of survivors of the Shoah, or work on writing about trauma, but also from three expert fact-finding missions we have carried out for the humanitarian NGO Médecins du Monde (earthquake in Armenia (1989), terrorist attacks in Israel (2000-2002) or the context of war targeting civilians in Israel (2006).To these four parts dotted with clinical cases which each time are a call to question the theory, we engage a discussion on the theories of trauma and to open this work towards other perspectives, we question the so essential dimensions of testimony and transmission in its report to the memory of the traumatic event.Finally, we propose to transpose the Israeli model of caring for victims of terrorism and organizing care and therapeutic efficiency after the attacks in France (2012/2015-2016) through the creation of a Psychotrauma and Resilience Care Unit within the OSE (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants) .Throughout this work, we address the issue of psychic trauma in its three dimensions, individual and collective, intentional or accidental, unique or repeated, by questioning psychoanalytical theory and its central conceptualization in the understanding of the phenomenon.On the Theoretical level we present a re-reading of compassion fatigue from a psychodynamic point of view through the conceptual detour of transference, counter-transference,Kleinian projective identification and Ferenczian introjection to arrive at this proposition which is part of the filiation of the Freudian corpus that we have named, traumatic neurosis of counter-transference and identification with the agressed
Uwanyiligira, Espérance. "La souffrance psychologique des Rwandais survivants du génocide et des massacres : pour une théorie locale du traumatisme." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA083718.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose to study the psychological problems presented by Rwandese survivors of the genocides and massacres which have occurred in Rwanda since 1994. We first briefly present Rwanda through a critical account of the specificities and contradictions linked to population settlement and the hutu-tutsi conflicts. We describe Rwanda rites connected with death and highlight their importance for peace of the living. We inventory the events of 1994 and present a few proposition towards repair. We evaluate the impact of trauma suffered by Rwandese living either in France (in and around Paris) or in Kenya (in and around Nairobi). We highlight the peculiarities of Rwandan culture. In this way, we hope to contribute to scientific research by elaborating a local theory of trauma in parallel with the general "Occidental" theory. In the clinical part of this research, which consists of psychological help sessions with Rwandese families living in France, we resort to the clinical resources of ethnopsychiatry. To us it appears necessary, in order to understand and help traumatized Rwandese people, to lean on historical, socio-demographical, anthropological and political notions in the earnest search of a meaning for the recent events. Individual psychotherapy in such a population is not only inadequate, but can even lead to worsening the trauma. The ambition of this research is to end up constructing an intervention tool to be used by all those who wish to bring some help to the Rwandese
Tison, Stéphane. "Guerre, mémoire et traumatisme : comment Champenois et Sarthois sont-ils sortis de la guerre ? 1870-1940." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030006.
Full textGuetting out of the war the persistence of war memory, in peacetime, were two subjects studied through the numerous commemoration and also the speech about war ; thus making it possible to undersand the contemporary's representations and the link between mourning and remebering. Finally, analysing not only allows to channel the violence of the post-war years but also to contemplate the possibility conflict in peacetime. Commemorations play a major part when guetting out of the war, but they also contributed, from 1870 to 1940, to concey war reprsentations ; so much so that it was impossible for the citizen-soldier to forget one of his major duties, even if it meant sacrificing himself for the homeland. That's why the local populations did not really overcome this special relation with war, spread through a warlike culture before 1914. The new pacifist values emerging after 1918 are to challenge this culture. However, guetting out of the war proves difficult especially after the experience of the massive killing of the Great War. .
Mekiri, Karim. "Adolescent et traumatisme de guerre, résilience et liens familiaux : rôle des représentations familiales dans le processus de résilience." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL011.
Full textThrough a clinical method mainly related to the field of psychoanalysis, this study explores, on one hand, the relationship between family type and its structure, and the impact of a structured family on the outbreak of the resilience process among adolescents who experienced the terrorist attacks that struck Algeria in the nineties, thus potentially traumatized, on the other. Such an attempt is based on : - The analysis of the familial representations of ten young adults who experienced terrorism situations during their adolescence, through a semi-directives interviews in order to determine (or identify) the typology, and the level of families' structure. - The analysis of the TAT in order to evaluate the defensive aspect and the ability of intrapsychic adaptation of these persons, or cases [by evaluating the readability of TAT's speech], as well as the analysis of the different protocols [reports of colleagues] to evaluate their interpersonal adaptation's ability. The findings of the study show that : The analysis of the interviews identified a relationship between family typology and the level of its structure. Hence, families that are organized around the vertical dimension seem to be more (solid) structured but with the condition that even they are directed by the father's authority, there is a variety of relationship between other family members such as, mother, brothers and sisters. The analysis of the protocols shows that the persons who represent a structured family are able to be adapted to the society, without the need to be resilient since their TAT's shows a defensive frailty and mental suffering. Whereas, those who represent unstructured family appear to be unable to adapt themselves to the society, through the use of some defensive tools based on avoidance and archaic mechanisms
Mahjoub, Abdelwahab Leyens Jacques-Philippe. "Approche psychosociale des traumatismes de guerre chez les enfants et adolescents palestiniens /." Tunis : Faculté des sciences humaines et sociales : Alif, les Éd. de la Méditerranée, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36969500j.
Full textTrois chapitres en français, deux en anglais, et en annexe la version arabe des questionnaires utilisés. Bibliogr. p. 217-237.
Behaghel, Sandrine. "Traumas et narcissisme : pour une critique des débriefings." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES1001.
Full textThis research aims to improve the understanding of traumas and traumatisms according to the Freudian metapsychology, clarifying their narcissistic dynamics once more. Besides we think about how to adjust, in consequence, the accompaniment of (potentially) traumatized people. Individual stories support the investigation. First we examine the birth and evolution of debriefing methods. We develop a critical study of the systemization of the immediate and post-immediate accompaniment for both the Anglo-saxon and French approaches, military and civil (“forward psychiatry”, defusings and debriefings, CUMP. . . ). Then we present and criticize the work of French specialists on debriefings such as L. Crocq, F. Lebigot, L. Bailly. . . , as well as C. Barrois’s work. At the same time, thanks to analytic theories, we study the relations between death and traumas. The links between death anxiety, ego and super-ego are re-examined. Finally, the research focuses on the way the ego, and therefore the body, can react to fear. In this way, we suggest a resolution model of a traumatic fear
Trehel, Gilles. "Le traumatisme dans l'œuvre de Freud et son contexte historique." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070031.
Full textThis thesis presents the concept of traumatism in all its forms on more than fifty years. The period runs from 1885-1886 to 1939, beginning when Freud is encountering people suffering from "masculine hysteric-neurasthenia", using the Charcot's term, or "traumatic neurosis", using the Thomsen and Oppenheim's term, to the Freud's death in a London submitted to daily bombardments. The notion of traumatism is encountered by Freud before the notion of psychoanalysis and contributes to its creation. It is going to set up as the cornerstone of the theoretical structure and to define the evolutions of psychoanalysis in two directions. On the one hand, the notion of traumatism enriches the scope of psychoanalysis as for instance the study of war traumatic neuroses, on the other hand, it weakens the psychoanalysis by contributing to the scissions between researchers, as for instance the conflicts concerning importance of traumatic seduction
Niyodusenga, Jean-Marie V. "Education, intégration des enfants rwandais traumatisés par la guerre." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20037.
Full textIn Rwandan society, the child is a treasure to be protected. But those who survived the genocide and massacres of 1994 present post traumatic troubles which are stopping them from following a normal school education. The current situation in Ruanda brings to mind the neuroses occasioned by war, which Louis Crocp calls post traumatic stress syndrome. The DSM-III defines post traumatic stress syndrome as the reliving of the traumatic event, reduction of contact with the exterior world, and a variety of neurovegetative, dysphoric and cognitive symptoms. The survey carried out amongst the parents, the “teachers” and children confirms that the post traumatic stress syndrome is closely linked to the war in 1994, and shows the degree of psychological damage caused by the war especially in the children and the young people of 8-20 years. In this situation, education is one of the principal tools for reintegrating the victims of these dramas. The aim of education is to help children to reorganise their defences, and to rebuild their self esteem in order to get over the traumatism and reconstruct an identity bruised by the genocide. Faced with the psychological suffering of the children, we turned to the use of storytelling as the educational and therapeutic medium. Storytelling has had positive effects on the children who are in the CENA in Kigali. The effects have shown themselves by the willingness of the children to recount their past through traditional Rwandan stories and stories which they made up ; for some this is the beginning of mourning and for others a way of increasing their resilience. It has enabled them to make a step towards psychosocial integration. Analysis of the grid for self esteem show convincingly that story telling has helped to reduce the children's suffering by increasing their self esteem ; so it is worthwhile getting children to work at storytelling so that they can distance themselves from the genocide and project themselves into the future
Tabatabai, Minou. "Les conséquences de la guerre sur l'éducation des enfants." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN1431.
Full textKobersy, Berthe. "Sur l'identité personnelle : transmission et traumatisme à partir de la guerre du Liban (1975-1990/1991)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB236.
Full textHow is it that the experiences of a preceding generation are foundational to the subjective identity of the following generation? More specifically, how can the Lebanese civil war, witnessed by parents, be constructive or destructive to the subject (child) in his/her singularity? The psychological transmission is inevitable and foundational to the subject's identity. Studies on psychological elements related to that violent experience could help us comprehend the influence of generational psychological processes on singular identity formation. This facilitates or hinders the psychological development of the second generation. The principal objective of this research is to explore the effects of the war on the father (combatant) and the subjective experiences of the child through intergenerational psychological transmission. This study examines the psychological transmission through analysis of the identification process and the ensuing rivalry between father and son. This study also seeks to analyze the negative part (traumatic) of the transmitted heritage and the narcissistic investment between parent and child. Our research interviews were conducted with ten families in which the father was a combatant during the war and have adolescent children. The analysis of these processes between father and son has revealed some common characteristics among the subjects. A more detailed study of three of those cases accentuated three aspects of the transmission process: Violent, Enigmatic and Narcissistic. The study has revealed an active and innovational role by the subject in the transmission process. The results have also revealed the function of a collective component among the individuals studied. The transmission process had an intrusive and alienating function as well as a constructive and creative function. In the Lebanese context, there's a violent ideological transmission related to the war, which seems to be a diversion of the Oedipian and intrapsychic conflict
Al, Chartouni Antoine. "Représentation de la mort et anxiété chez les enfants libanais après la guerre de juillet 2006 : approches psycho-sociale et clinique des traumatismes de guerre vécus par les enfants Libanais." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070010.
Full textClauswitz compares war to a larger scale fight, and to a fight between two warring factions. He begins saying that war is therefore an act of violence intended for compelling the enemy to bow to our will; violence is the means, and the end is to impose the foe's will to enemy. In fact, civil war is really an armed conflict. Clauswitz's definition can be applied thereto: this is an act of social life, a conflict of high interests that can only be solved by bloodshed. It is the development of a policy chosen by a human group whenever the normal political game no longer seems to enable it to reach the aim already set. Lebanese society witnessed a succession of wars, the last one dating back to July 2006 between Hozbullah and Israël. That war had so momentous psychological sequels on both children and adults who were already through wars in Lebanon which roused all the unconscious processes of the former Lebanese wars. The current thesis is about the case study of sixty Lebanese children and the impact of that war on these randomly chosen children, while studying their perception of death and anxiety after they were through the last war on the Lebanese territory on one hand, and aiming at the war traumas, on the other. Anxiety can be sensed as a signal aimed at the conscious ego to enable it to take measures in view of the war and its serious consequences, that war being triggered by libidinal requirements and the constraints of the superego. Anxiety can, therefore, serve as defense mechanisms. On the whole, as they felt horrible trauma of July war 2006, shelling and houses destructions, and faced real or likely death of their family, Lebanese children proved to be interesting subjects for our research, inasmuch as the idea they have about death affects their relationships with both death and dead. Our research suggests the study of the following problematic: working out repressed emotions about death, about anxiety and war psychological trauma of the Lebanese children after July 2006 war. Tests that shall be applied in this study are the projective test: CAT, test for assessing anxiety R-CMAS and the free drawing, not forgetting interviews with children. Children are of two sexes, and their ages vary between 7 and 12: latency period. They lived in the five provinces of Lebanon: Beirut, Mount Lebanon, Bekaa, North and South,just as all communities in Lebanon: Christians, Maronites, Orthodoxes and other ones that include: other Christian communities, Islam: Sunnites, Shiites and Druzes. Therefore, score of children face the fear to lose their home, their possessions and their relatives. In such conditions, all the constants needed for the children self-fulfillment are practically and seriously disturbed, and the psychological damages of the armed conflicts are too many. Vulnerable children are often misled by messages condemning their friends and neighbors. Corning under their influence, a good deal of them becomes insensitive and distrustful. As tremendous as tragic as these situations may seem for individuals and families, they are even more costly for the society in the long run. A child raised on violence shall learn to be violent. A child raised on hatred, shall learn to hate. An ill treated child and immune to physical cruelty and ordeal shall bear deep inside seeds that no one will know whether they can be uprooted. This thesis shall aim to know these children once psychologically hurt in that war
Bika, Gildas. "Les logiques de survie des réfugiés de guerre : clinique de la reconstruction post-traumatique dans un pays d’asile : contributions des méthodes projectives (Rorschach et TAT)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20043/document.
Full textFrom a clinical subjects consisting of 15 executioners and victims, this study focuses on "survival strategies of refugees from war, "using the Rorschach and the TAT as "devices to symbolize" (Roussillon, 2003; Roman 2005; Dérivois, 2004).How do they rebuild refugees in asylum countries? At what level topical traumas would they encysted? Which coping strategies do they use? What defenses are they implemented? How trauma, the possible (re) development they are expressed on the Rorschach and the TAT? Finally, Compiling a "personality disorder" is it possible the Rorschach and the TAT? There is a link between trauma, disorders referred to identity in the country of asylum and the various methods of psychological reconstruction. The logic of survival and victimization are divided into logical victimizers; executioners and scapegoats; triumphalism and commitments; shame and guilt, wander; silence, research and creation. Somatization is another variation. The effects of trauma are often designed under the primacy of negativity. The hypothesis of trauma-engine was considered. Finally, a psychic apparatus of inter-institutional linkages have been modeled
Ward, Thérèse. "Le deuil chez la mère libanaise ayant un fils disparu pendant les guerres du Liban (1975-2006) : "Deuil avec ou sans corps récupérés" : "étude descriptive" : "Types de deuil et fonctionnements psychiques"." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131023.
Full textMy first goal is to investigate the conduct and the outcome of the bereavement of a mother whose son disappeared during the war in comparison with the mourning of the mother of a martyr of the war and decently buried son. The second goal is to study the psychic functioning of these mothers and the type of object relationship they have. Knowing this fixation to the loss could reflect the organization of limit personality
Khalil, Lyne. "La question de la transmission entre mère et fille dans le contexte d'après-guerre civile libanaise. Se permettre d'aimer pour briser la répétition." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC050.
Full textBecause of a shortcoming in afterwardsness and no work of remembrance, the Lebanese civil war (1975-1990) never truly ended and is doomed to repetition. This war, against the religiously different, generated murderous hatred of the other, the stranger, and is now a constituent base for family organization. War is rooted in the intimate space of the subject and undermines the constitution of his identity. During that war, the union with the alike stands as a weapon of war against the different, the foreigner and the enemy. The wartime Lebanese woman will appear, in this thesis, as the first to "use" this "weapon". In this society which transmits the trauma of war, religion dictates until today the rights of the Lebanese, and individual and social laws. It legitimizes patriarchy and weakens group, community and individual identity in the event that a union of love is interconfessional. The founding function of the collective at the individual level is therefore, in this context, fundamental to the understanding of this study. The aim of this thesis will be to study the question of mother-daughter transmission in the post-civil war and its impact on the female identity of the women who never lived war : the post war women. It is precisely through the transmission of the prohibition to unite with the different that this question will be treated. This prohibiting transmission will affect the post- war mother-daughter relationship and the nature and function of love, appanage of the narcissistic and objectal relation. In order to account for the uncertainties of this alienating transmission, the research will focus on two Lebanese adolescents who have never experienced the civil war and who, respectively, have a mother who was a homemaker during the civil war and another who was a fighter. Through the study of the ordeal which is the romantic encounter at adolescence and the severe mental upheavals which it generates, the devastating impact of repetition and of the transmission of this prohibition to unite with the different will be highlighted. Whatever the role of the mother during the civil war, her teenage daughters will appear as her narcissistic extension, and will struggle to separate, become their own subjects, and to constitute themselves as beings free in their desires and their bodies
Feldman, Marion. "Psychologie et psychopathologie des enfants juifs, cachés en France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et restés en France depuis la Libération." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA131016.
Full textThe qualitative research concerns the psychic construction of hidden jewish children during the Second World War, in France. After setting out the historical context of the relationship between France and the Jews, we outline psychological theories of child development, as well as the life events that can interfere with the process of child. Next, we present a review of the psychological literature. In accordance with the complementarist research methodology, we provide a detailed analysis of ten interviews with “hidden children”, born in France to migrant parents. After the ten longitudinal analyses, we provide a transversal analysis, which light on the three lines identified in the psychic construction of each person. These observations allow us to identify a specific trauma that is defined by affiliation, identity and family problems which are linked to a series of traumatic events, involving a process of deculturation but not mentioned for several decades
Milquet, Sophie. "Ecrire le traumatisme : mémoire féminine dans les fictions sur la guerre civile espagnole : représentations, formes, enjeux (1975-2010)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20022.
Full textThe current study explores the expression of women’s memory in literary works dealing with the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and Francoism. It focuses on the fictional narratives published between the end of the dictatorship (1975) and 2010, in French (Agustin Gomez-Arcos and Mercedes Deambrosis) and Spanish (Dulce Chacón Carme Riera, Josefina Aldecoa, Jesús Ferrero, Marifé Santiago Bolaños and Ángeles Caso).The thesis first conducts a global analysis on the representations of women’s experiences of war and repression. In thewriting of violence, struggle and resistance, the double political and gendered dimension emerges. The research focuses subsequently on the trauma representations, between pathological manifestations and ritual attempts, and shows how narrative can assume a ritual function.The « poetics of trauma » characterises various formal realisations, divided into three groups. Each of them embodies a possible space for the inscription of trauma : the generational link, the body and the voice. Special attention is given to the figure of the victim. Phenomena such as repetition and delinearisation, that appear at various levels, clarify the relationship that fictional narratives build with the past as well as their ethical and political positions in the democracy
Milquet, Sophie. "Ecrire le traumatisme: mémoire féminine dans les fictions sur la guerre civile espagnole :représentations, formes, enjeux, 1975-2011." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209501.
Full textNous nous attachons d’abord à l’étude globale des représentations des expériences féminines de la guerre et de la répression. Dans l’écriture des violences subies comme dans celle des luttes et résistances, la double dimension politique et de genre émerge. L’analyse se resserre ensuite sur les représentations du traumatisme, entre manifestations pathologiques et tentatives de ritualisation. Nous montrons à cet égard comment le récit peut assumer une fonction rituelle.
La « poétique du traumatisme » mise au jour dans le corpus d’étude qualifie des réalisations formelles diverses, rassemblées en trois ensembles, correspondant à autant de lieux possibles d’ancrage du traumatisme :le rapport générationnel, le corps et la voix. Une attention spéciale est accordée à la figure de la victime. Des phénomènes tels que la répétition et la délinéarisation, apparaissant à divers niveaux du récit, éclairent le rapport que les fictions entretiennent avec le passé ainsi que leurs positions éthiques et politiques dans le présent de la démocratie.
The current study explores the expression of women’s memory in literary works dealing with the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and Francoism. It focuses on the fictional narratives published between the end of the dictatorship (1975) and 2010, in French (Agustin Gomez-Arcos and Mercedes Deambrosis) and Spanish (Dulce Chacón Carme Riera, Josefina Aldecoa, Jesús Ferrero, Marifé Santiago Bolaños and Ángeles Caso).
The thesis first conducts a global analysis on the representations of women’s experiences of war and repression. In the writing of violence, struggle and resistance, the double political and gendered dimension emerges. The research focuses subsequently on the trauma representations, between pathological manifestations and ritual attempts, and shows how narrative can assume a ritual function.
The « poetics of trauma » characterises various formal realisations, divided into three groups. Each of them embodies a possible space for the inscription of trauma :the generational link, the body and the voice. Special attention is given to the figure of the victim. Phenomena such as repetition and delinearisation, that appear at various levels, clarify the relationship that fictional narratives build with the past as well as their ethical and political positions in the democracy.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Roques, Marjorie. "Les retentissements des effractions corporelles sur l’unité psychosomatique de l’adulte insuffisant rénal hémodialysé : étude clinique du traumatisme d’une maladie grave et de son traitement." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100153.
Full textThe renal insufficiency is a chronic disease, which, reached certain stage requires to the patient who is affected, to resort to a treatment of substitution allowing to mitigate the failures of the function of the kidney. One of these techniques, the hemodialysis, includes three important stages in the route of the sick person: the announcement of the disease, the creation of a vascular access, the passage in the treatment. The announcement of the renal insufficiency often takes place some years before the intervention of the artério-venous fistula and thus good upstream to the stake in dialysis. A longitudinal study would have allowed to proceed to the complete follow-up of the renal insufficient person from the discovery of the disease but the constraints of time drove me to limit me to the effects afterward of the announcement and to concentrate on the echoes of the trauma at the time of the first burglary (creation of the artério-venous fistula) and of second burglary (the stake in dialysis). Towards the psychoanalytical theories of the trauma, I tried to bring to light the impact of the physical burglaries on the psychosomatic unity of the person affected by renal insufficiency which differs from that of the psychic burglary of the trauma excluding a physical wound. I took back the hypothesis of Freud concerning the war neurosises which stipulates that the physical achievement protects from the traumatic neurosis, but I suggested modifying the content of its comments by adapting them to the situation of serious illness. Consequently, the aim of this research is to study the cours) of insufficient renal in three time traumatic of the disease in its at once psychic and somatic dimensions. To feel my hypotheses, a clinical consultation is proposed during the first interview, then projective tests (TAT and Rorschach) accompanied with a clinical consultation are proposed during the second meeting. My population consists of eight patients from 22 to 60 years old that I met first time during the creation of the fistula venous artério, one moment in the course of which I was able to raise that the announcement of the renal insufficiency had not played the role of an anxiety alarm in the psychic economy. Because indeed, upon the arrival of this new foreign body, an impulsive overflowing appears updating a fantastical of traumatic chap. The second phase is situated at the beginning of the sessions of dialysis when the sensoriality and the sensations are put in the service of a "somato-psychic distress " a feeling of disturbing strangeness and a difficulty of demarcation of the physical borders. On one hand, the individual analysis of the results reveals that the preventive value of the announcement of the disease some years before the intervention was decreased by the violence of the physical burglaries. On the other hand, the analysis of the general tendencies brought to light an embrittlement of the narcissistic investment and the objectals marks at three levels: sensory, sensual, of the representation. Several answers or couples of answers in front of the traumatic event which can belong in regredient and\or progredient dimensions joining a singular story and expressing himself through a psychic functioning appropriatefor each, were able to be brought out as: the inhibition of the thought, the rationalization and the intellectualization, the masochism (mortiferous or guard of life), the denial and the not structural split(cleavage) of the Me, the neurotic operating processes, the solutions ( emotional repression) and the unsuitable solutions.Finally, the examination of the psychic functioning in the projective tests does not allow to establish of direct link between the mental organization and the potentialities of reorganization further to the impact of the trauma understanding a physical achievement
Onguene, Ndongo Theodore. "Violence, traumatisme et bifurcation catastrophique : enjeux du lien dans l'enrôlement "volontaire" d'enfants soldats." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20088.
Full textIn most current configurations of war front using children, we use to find a part of the community-group bearing itself the transgression. It often appears in these wars, a shameful dimension related to the internal dynamics of the group killing itself. By the fact, in these configurations, we have a collective massacre committed by part of Group, on the basis of common and shared social rules and anthropological codes. The catastrophe theory (Thom, 1961) is an opportunity to explain those phenomena using attractive and repulsive forces in individual an groupal catastrophic bifurcation. It seems, on one hand, the “alien intrusion” (Duez B. 2003) which can be considered as the result of the psychic figuration work out and shaping of the psychic object, loses its main structuring function. On the other hand, the individual lost any opportunity to intimately experience the group as a psychic area on which he can transfer his immediate psychic conflicts and issues. Then, archaic scenes take the rule and invite the individual to find new internal form to deal with for symbolisation process. In these transgressions contexts, where children have to deal with harmful adult bearer of death, the rising of Child Soldier phenomena obeys a dynamic in witch strength (used by lord of war) is the common but not the unique parameter to consider. Child Soldier emerge in the war group which is a meta-defensive organization of the community reacting to the state of war
Metidji, Safia. "L'oeuvre d'exil au coeur du processus de subjectivation des descendants de la guerre d'Algérie : par-delà la mémoire traumatique familiale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC257.
Full textThe psychic trauma of war confronts the subject with « the real of death » (Lebigot, 2005). It acts as a psychic breaking, for which no representation is available, condemning the affect to wander aimlessly, if not to its glaciation. War traumatism constitute its apogee. At this level, we observe that, to escape the threat of war trauma, many people find by the way of the exodus the hope of a better life in a more secure haven. But if exile appears as an ultimate outcome of protection, its trial doesn’t spare to subject the pain of the « break with origins », associated to a « betrayal » (Stitou 1997, 2006). The exile in post-war would be the propitious ground for lack of symbolization and of transmission between generations, creating a break in filiation (Tourn, 1997). This research is about children of war exiles, born in exile, who feel vicariously the pain without name of their parents. This study concerns the psychopathological effects of family lived in post-war exile in order to analyze the consequences of the « impediment to think » (Cherki, 2008) on the lack of subjectivation of those who are the descendants. Indeed, if the child deprived of the past can’t succeed in thinking himself (Aulagnier, 1989), how can he regain a capacity of subjectivation ? We base our research on History field of Algerian war (1954-1962) and of exodus in France during the sixties. By the sensitive testimony of our participants born in exile during and after war, born into French repatriates and Algerian migrants communities, we will analyze specific and shared factor(s) which involved in hindering the transmission of family history leading to exile, and their impact on the singular life path and psychic construction. We'll see that, if the experience of parents exile as wrench to his native land and as loss of love objects, can harm ways of origins transmission, it can also provide the foundation of subjectivation process for descendants. We will show how the descendants manage to carry out this symbolization opus in exile and by exile to escape the grip of trauma in legacy, which they are the custodians, in order to become the agents of transmission themselves
Chemaly, Zeina Sama. "Religiosité, spiritualité et régulation des émotions : le cas du Liban." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080001.
Full textAvailable publications agree on the possible development of a post-traumatic stress disorder, accompanied by other disorders such as anxiety and depression, following an extreme event. Several variables modulate the relationship between the potentially traumatic event experienced and its impact. The present study, conducted in Lebanon, is particularly interested in the role of religious and spiritual beliefs, and positive emotions in modulating this impact.Gathered information from the clinical interview, scales and questionnaires, illustrated by some clinical vignettes, allowed to formulate definitions of religiosity and spirituality according to the studied population, and to assess the “counseling” and “religion” variables, leading to inter-group comparisons.Findings indicate an association of religiosity with negative emotions among participants in psychological counseling. Furthermore, the symbolic interpretation of religious content, and positive emotions, played an important role in the construction of a better mental health, among the other participants, despite the high incidence of war events experienced. However, this role seems to vary according to
Mourot, Marine. "Madrid en guerre dans la littérature de la transition démocratique : Juan Iturralde et Juan Eduardo Zúñiga, témoins du conflit." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL022.
Full textNovels or short stories published in Spanish over the last twenty years have revealed a keen interest in what can be considered as a subgenre of the historical novel, the novel for the memory. This subgenre stages the recent History of Spain, particularly the Civil War. Its authors were born in the 50s or 60s, and have no direct memory of the events. It is usual to consider that Luna de lobos (1985) and Beatus Ille (1986) are the novels showing early signs of this phenomenon, which only became widespread ten years later and peaked at the turning point of the 21st century, in particular after the publication of Soldados de Salamina by Javier Cercas in 2001. Nevertheless, between the end of the Francoism in 1975 which led to the disappearance of censorship in 1977 and 1985, several fictional narrative texts relating the war and the Francoism were written and published. Días de llamas by Juan Iturralde was edited in 1979 and Juan Eduardo Zúñiga published Largo noviembre de Madrid in 1980. The study of these two books will question the often expressed idea that the literature from the first years of the Transition period did not favor the theme of war. It will also focus on the narrative strategies that these authors, who were direct witnesses of the events, chose in order to fictionalize this period from the History of Spain. Indeed, their literary approach to the facts was inevitably different from that taken by the writers who accepted being restricted by censorship and that taken by the following generations who only indirectly experienced the war. The particular treatment which Juan Iturralde and Juan Eduardo Zúñiga reserved to the referent, in particular the setting of an illusion of reality, denotes them both as dissidents compared to the narratives about the conflict published during the same period, and as heirs of the realistic tradition which they exploited and surpassed in order to relate a plausible but limited version of the events taking place from 1936 to 1939, due to their subjective perspective. In spite of the intrigues being anchored within a precise historical context, the reality is not necessarily self-evident in these narratives. In the extreme circumstances of war, the reality becomes a motive for questioning rather than an object of unequivocal and irrevocable knowledge. A single element is never questioned: the horror of the civil conflict whose fictionalization is fully able to translate the problematic dimension of reality. By the theme addressed by these books and the way they distanced themselves from the will of collective amnesia which has perniciously settled in Spain, they both have become “commemorative sites”, leaning toward the claim for the importance of the “duty of remembrance”, the rehabilitation of marginal memories which has been silenced too long, and the resilience of various traumas through fictionalizing psychic disorders caused by the horror of this conflict
Grieder, Andrea. "Collines des mille souvenirs : vivre après et avec le génocide perpétré contre les Tutsi au Rwanda." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0061.
Full textThis thesis deals with the extreme violence suffered by the Tutsi people of Rwanda during the genocide of 1994. I also explore the means which have been used to confront and overcome this traumatic past. Using a phenomenological approach, the theme is introduced by means of the portraits of survivors. A first part of the work attempts to to write the 'history' of the hill of Nyamagumba based on the stories and eye-witness accounts of survivors, interviews with some of those who carried out the genocide, analysis of official speeches and also of what is really at stake during commemoration ceremonies and the gacaca judicial sessions. A second part focuses on the young – students and survivors of the genocide – on how they live with the traumatic past and the way in which they see their future. These portraits of the young are discussed in the context of a collective reconstruction, especially with regard to the ceremonies of commemoration. With the aim of meditating on suffering and the ways in which it can be overcome, this present work brings to light both the form and the content of how the traumatic experiences of genocide may be put into the words. Words are seen as a means of transformation of the self and one's relationship with others. The power of the word is the main thread of all my reflections on the subject. In considering, one after the other, metaphors of silence and of suffering and the words pronounced in the cause of justice, collective reconciliation and the emergence of a 'shared history' which seeks to restore the social fabric so affected by the genocide, this thesis works towards a reflection on the significance of poetry as a form of healing
Wexler, Iris. "Trauma complexe, résilience et processus créateur chez les adolescents en danger : expériences de recherches cliniques en Haïti et en Israel." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20041.
Full textThis cross-cultural study has been researched in two countries exposed to natural and human disasters in the long-term. It focuses on the creative processes, complex traumas and mental processes of adolescents: in Haiti, following the January 2010 earthquake, which devastated several towns and killed about 2.5% of the Haitian population ; in Israel after the Second Lebanon War of 2006 and terrorist attacks that devastated the country and affected 4-5% of the Israeli population. This research aimed to study the creative process after the traumatic consequences of an earthquake, war and terrorists attacks among Haitian and Israeli adolescents and the strategies they implement for coping and recovering. It was based on multidisciplinary approaches, as well as, qualitative and narrative methods, taking into account the cultural aspects of the creative process of the adolescents in each country. We examined two groups. In first group there were 60 Israeli adolescents aged 11-12 years. In the second group, 45 Haitian adolescents aged 10-18 years. We collected data from clinical interviews and expressive art groups of 30 adolescents. We used nonverbal methods to analyze the adolescent significant life and traumatic events and resilient experiences. In this study we present six case studies that were selected because of their special features. The results indicate that social support is the highest factor of resilience in adolescents’ survivors of complex trauma situations. We found that the adolescents used resilient tutors and individual resources to survive. The results also show that the influences of risk, protective factors and resilience co-exist in the adolescent`s life continuum in the long-term coping with traumatic events.The overall results emphasize the need for on-going therapeutic and creative process groups to support youth living in dangers and distress situations
Juin, Claude. "La guerre d'Algérie (après un demi-siècle) : la mémoire enfouie des soldats du contingent : des jeunes gens ordinaires confrontés à l'intolérable." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0003.
Full textHalf a century passed since the end of the Algéria war. The generation of young conscripts called up for the national and involved in this conflict, has lived a distortded memory. Why 20 years old "ordinary" young men, has perpetrated, or had been passive witness of various exactions (tortures or summary executions). We have to investigate about their education, forged in the republican ideas of Human Rights and the spirit of Resistance. But nevertheless, from wich part this education could have arisen that strong feeling of scorn againts the Muslim population ? Should we have seen a discrimination there attributed to racism and why ? Then, we have examined how a repressive policy, could have led all these young people in arm and supposed to restore order, to perpetrate crimes and how some of them gave to their "instinct of destruction". We have tried analyse soldiers' acts and behaviours from determining factors such as : submission to orders, fright, revenge, frustration, fulfilment of duty. . . Finally we have explored the effects of "matters of counscience" that a generalized policy of "no law : the one of "pacification" could generate
Alexopoulos, Christina. "Des narrations d’expériences extrêmes engageant le social à l’accompagnement thérapeutique de sujets en exil et en précarité, confrontés à des traumatismes majeurs avant, pendant et après leur parcours migratoire : une remontée aux sources relationnelles, corporelles, verbales et artistiques de la narrativité." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7046.
Full textThis work on theoretical-clinical research in psychoanalysis and psychopathology traces the modalities of therapeutic treatment and clinical listening in relation to accounts given by people in exile and insecure situations in an emergency shelter, an administrative detention centre or a psychiatric hospital. An extensive period of counselling carried out in these places providing shelter, control or care, made it possible to reflect on the psychic issues faced by people who experienced major trauma before, during or after their exile, and on the therapeutic dimension of narration. Offering transference in order to draw out their story within a contained, flexible yet solid framework, finding with them ways of narrating it for themselves, or to others, and to develop it, to work on their experiences in order to free them from their status as a victim and to move into the future, these are all important clinical stages.The psychic work leading from the emergence and narration of memories to the acceptance of their story in a subjectivising process is considered in relation to the exploration of the internal plurality of the subject between the polyphony of the account, groupality per se and narrative identity. It also deals with the role of memory in building the individual, from traces of memory to remembering his story and the interactional reconstruction of individual, collective and institutional memories, through a multifocal, polymorphous and multidirectional process. And finally it is considered in relation to the concepts of subjectivation and intersubjectivity, with reference to the historical and epistemological heritage of institutional psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and the theory of attachment. There results from this a therapeutic proposal based on a clinical approach to social, intersubjective and empathetic relationships, by extending the theoretical and practical results of a psychoanalytical approach, centred on the words of the subject, and of a tradition of institutional psychotherapy focussed on the relational sources of care, while reclaiming non-verbal, physical and artistic forms of expression and mediation.Consideration is given to the framework of clinical sessions, the reorganization of provision and the interaction with those in the field, whether they be respresentatives of the state, legal or administrative authorities or socio-educational workers from associations managing shelters. The overall system of institutional power is thus considered in relation to the evolution of the conditions for receiving, sheltering and giving psychosocial care. The transformation of associations into organisations for managing shelters that are financed and in the main controlled by the state, the move from medico-social reception staff working on the principle of unconditionality to an ever more restrictive system in relation to rights, the proven presence also, in actions and in words, of exclusion, of the normalisation of discrimination and institutional violence, are measured against the subjectivity of those involved, the ideological, psychical and social foundations of their approach and the historical, political and legal context in which they develop.In the face of repeated trauma, therapeutic work aims to restore as much the subject’s narrative ability as his psychical, physical and mental faculties for developing, relating and telling to others his story, by mobilising relational, physical, verbal or artistic resources and by carrying out work on intrapsychic and intersubjective links, both in the context of the spoken word and in that of writing about the self, or again extraverbal translation and artistic mediation
Simon, de Kergunic Thierry. "Dépression et traumatisme psychique." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M043.
Full textDamiani, Carole. "Traumatisme psychique : thérapie et réparation." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H046.
Full textCrime victims face three fold trauma at the physical, psychological and group levels. Psychic trauma, which issues from a confrontation with deat and the anguish of nothingness, has a disorganising effect not only on the individual psyche but also on the sense of belonging to a social group. It is manifested by a rupture of psyche and group envelopes. In this study, the "victim", is placed into the current historical, cultural social and political context. We examine psychic trauma from a psychoanalytic perspective. Using the clinical perspective, we describe basic principles in post tarumatic psychotherapy with a particular focus on debriefing. We explore how the subject can simulataneously explore him/herself in therapy while participating in a judicial proceeding whose goal is restoring a sense of community belonging. A comprehensive approach to psychic trauma implies considering the interaction between psychic reality and judicial reality as well as the articualtion between psychotherapy and restoration
Portuese, Marina. "Traumatisme psychique et lien social." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20027.
Full textTrauma is by excellence that which reflects the meeting of the subject with his structural division. The capitalist discourse threatens to suture this division by making of the subject, that it claims to complete of his object, an individual. Hence, the tendency of its partner, the scientific discourse, is to silence the subject by reducing him to his organism, in order to build an objective knowledge, or for certain psychotherapies to make of him a pure victim who would be for nothing in the bad encounter, understood as merely contingent. What truly is trauma? What is the specificity of its apprehension by Lacanian psychoanalysis? ; This is the central issue of our thesis. If for Freud, an overflow anxiety is what defines the traumatic situation, for Lacan, anxiety is the index of real. Since Lacanian psychoanalysis is a practice guided by real, not anxiety nor trauma nor repetition are diseases to cure, but referral pathways to the real, which is the radical singularity of the subject. To lodge his radical singularity in a "being together", the subject will need to reinvent his relation to social ties
Frénisy, Marie-Claude. "Traumatisme crânien grave, traumatisme psychique et facteurs d'ajustement psychologique." Dijon, 2001. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/efed257e-b957-4c8f-b950-a37087caa347.
Full textThe sufferers of Severe Brain Injury (SBI), most of them victims of road accidents, were young adults. They exhibited cognitive and psychopathological disorders and, in some cases, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (little known in the literature). These disorders were probably due to a variety of factors (lesions, reactions, factors associated with subjects’ earlier personalities etc. ). We have attempted to contribute to the understanding of such patients by examining a number of different models : Stress, Health Psychology, the concept of psychic trauma and the idea of resilience. This study compared an (SBI) group with two control groups (multiple traumas, slight injuries). Some of the subjects adapted better to their trauma in all three groups involved in the study. This can be accounted for by protective factors (individual and environmental adjustment factors), while vulnerability factors were also observed. The data revealed by this study may have therapeutic consequences. In effect, following an evaluation of the different factors, it should be possible to design a specific psychological care program tailored to each individual as a function of his or her vulnerability factors (if present) and, most importantly, on the basis of his or her personal resources
Lamquin, Thomas. "Psychanalyse appliquée aux représentations picturales des camps de concentration nazis." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100023/document.
Full textThis thesis begins with noticing that pictorial representations (e.g. drawings or paintings etc.) in nazi concentration camps have been made by some subjets while imprisonment, in a massive traumatism, usually thinked as a non-representable situation. From a three drawers and drawings study, imcompletely by Andre Green’s applied psychoanalysis method, reflexion can occur with the hypothesis of a dissociated physical and psychic self-preservation in that context. To achieve this goal, historical nazi camps differed representations, massive traumatism and creation, are detailed in a psychoanalytic viewpoint with Freud, Ferenczi, Winnicott, Roussillon, Green, Bertrand, Zaltzman, Cerf de Duzeele, Waintrater and Cupa as main authors. Results show the existence of an intermediate space that enabled these subjets to keep a specific representational activity. It’s mainly a representation work of the camp overreality in a psychic self-preservation way. This work is an internal and external connection work, in a culture and filiation link, that struggles against drive defusion. Eternity and omnipotent fantasy, libidinal coexcitation underly drawings and pictorial activity. They interrogate about a possible sublimation
Araneda, Maureira Marco. "Traumatisme psychique et cancer de l'enfant : la diplomatie psychique à l'épreuve." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070057.
Full textThis research studies how the concept of psychic traumatism is relevent and how it helps to understand the experiences that children with cancer have undergone, as well as their family. Tt tries to shed light on how the emotional experiences of the child can at time match or on the contrary mismatch with the theorical and clinical discourse about traumatism (medical, psychiatrical, psycho-oncological, psychoanalytical). A fundamental conflict occurs between on one hand the wish to acknowledge the psychological aspects of what has been experienced and, on the other hand, the wish to remove all traces and memories of that painful experience. Those two contradictory wishes are intertwined and deeply linked with the failures of the process of representation that happen in the intra-psychic mind of the child. In return, this intra-psychic stake will confront the process of representation and the dimension of wish in the interpersonal relation with the other. The psychoanalytical theories of Traumatism propose a vast overview but frequently simplifying the concept in order to be consensual. Those models must be continuously questioned to face new and original clinical realities. Two original concepts will be discussed that helps to understand the psychological work that occurs as well as the failures and dead ends in the process of representation that happens in the mind of the sick child and also in the mind of the parents and the professionals that share his ordeal. First, the psychic diplomacy developed by the child, and then the traumatic mutuality that will explain the fate of the psychic diplomacy all along the way of the cure of this potentially lethal disease
Mourlon, Fabrice. "L'aide aux victimes du conflit nord-irlandais, 1969-2006." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_mourlon_f.pdf.
Full textAssistance to the victims of the conflict in Northern Ireland has given mixed results. Before being officially acknowledged and support mechanisms were organised for them since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, victims received compensation by the State. They found support among their families and informally-organised groups. The cease-fire of 1994 marked the beginning of a new concern for the human cost of the conflict which claimed almost 4000 lives and maimed 40 000 people and had a psychological impact on many individuals and communities. Acknowledging and assisting those people came from the realisation that the conflict has to be resolved permanently and from fears that violence might erupt again. However, no clearly defined strategy was formulated. A strong volontary sector, encouraged by the first generous round of European funding, was essential in helping formulate and carry out the first provisions for victims. Nonetheless, after ten years of assistance, the victim sector is still concerned about issues of truth about the past, acknowledgement, and divisions. Indeed, the Northern Irish conflict resolution model has tackled psychological and material support seperately from issues related to truth and reconciliation. There no ideal model in the field which theorists are yet to come up with. This in part explains why the British government and the European Union have acted with pragmatism
BERGMAN, NATHALIE. "La notion de traumatisme en psychiatrie : donnees actuelles et interet." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1M315.
Full textVila, Gilbert. "Etats de stress post traumatiques chez l'enfant et l'adolescent : Réalité et Environnement." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070014.
Full textOur first Hypothesis was that psychopathological effects of stress and trauma are different, on the qualitative level and not on the quantitative level. We have drawn a parallel between personal studies on various populations suffering from stress or trauma : children exposed to trauma or stress, particularly pediatric diseases. Our methods were based on standardized data recording and statistical analyses (path analysis and multivariate methods). We have shown that Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characteristic of Trauma and is not observed when it is a matter of stress. PTSD does exist in children, in our culture and in the way the international classifications have described it. Before 5 years of age, it is necessary to correct the diagnostic criteria. Trauma exposure is indeed the major etiologic factor and the etiopathogeny may not amount to the parent reaction and the disorders they induce or reinforce in their children, even if parents can act a modulating or reinforcing role and be themselves victim of the agression or victimized in a second time. .
Zébouni, Fadi. "Traumatisme, transmission et dépendance au Liban." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUEL018.
Full textOur research's subject considers the intergenerational transmission of war traumatisms amongst young Lebanese people who've experienced addictive behaviour to psychoactive substances. Our aim intends questioning the influence of war real-life experience on intergenerational transmission, as well as the disruption of transmission consequent to an introspective questioning of the subjects, of their belonging to their communitarian and national culture. The principal hypothesis postulate that the reactivation of war traumatisms can lead to a therapeutic regression, in favour of a symbolization of religious beliefs, which would lean then to abstinence. Besides, the reactivation of cumulative traumatisms could bring to (be partially responsible for) creating an anxiety of death, during which, a symbolic regression could occur. This event could, then, face the subject to his own affective and toxic dependency, and thence, could contribute to the process of rebuilding himself and thriving for his independance, based on a reappropriation of the culture and the local faith. We also hypothesize that the repetition of the addictive behaviours, in its aspect of morbid compulsion, would be favoured by the psychic vulnerability of the subject because of the interiorized parental imagos, beyond the war. From an ethnoclinician perspective, we'll be considering the communitarian culture of the group, with its global norms, and of which each family would be steered to be inspired, in order to be able to define its own culture, part of which would be even more unconscious thru transmission. Therefore, we'll be examining the specificities of the christian culture in Lebanon from a theoretical point of view relying on psychoanalysis and anthropology. In view of our work hypotheses, we'll be evoking the following themes : traumatisms, intergenerational transmissions, religious beliefs, psychic vulnerability and dependency. The applied research method is the clinical interview, through a double listening, and a double interpretation : ethnological and psychoanalytical. The methodological tools are the semi-directed clinical interview, and we'll be using of analysis, notably of the transference and the counter-transference. The spatio-temporal frame will be delimited to the Lebanese territory. We'll be concluding our research on the dialectic between the process of dependency and the process of separation-individuation in order to establish the conditions of a finalized transfer of dependency, which would be conducive to the stopping of substances consumption
Choukroun, Adolphe. "Hypnose et psychanalyse : vers une nouvelle thérapie d'urgence du traumatisme psychique." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2033.
Full textKarroum, Nayla. "Du traumatisme de guerre à la création des classes de transition au Liban." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131041.
Full textTrauma, this combat of transgenerational parenting, which Lebanese war victim children suffer from, remains in their psychosomatic manifestation, in their fears and their repetitive dreams. Survivors of the ongoing war which has had a striking effect on their personality, their behavior and their learning resulting from traumatic events that have attacked and threatened their integrity, emerge with feelings of fear, terror, abandonment, shame and guilt. This phenomenon of breaking of the psyche has been the objective and study of many cognitive and behavioral psychoanalysts. Traumatic situations can be experienced differently by each person: their symptoms may be different. What is traumatic, are repressed emotions kept secret from one generation to another where the child lives under the influence of his parents. This transgenerational is the basis of inhibitions and learning disabilities among children in their latency period. Lebanese children have experienced trauma of various forms spread over time and space. This trauma has had many symptoms, emotions, and common diseases depending on different parental transmissions. The creation of « transition classes » comes as a solution, in support of any child who has experienced trauma during its various development with or without the war; and these classes have become the dream of families inflicted by war trauma or the children of the third generation involved in their parental transmission
Dahdouh-Khouri, Dany. "La fin d'une illusion : quand la politique de l'autruche dysfonctionne et que le clivé fait retour : analyse à partir d'une clinique libanaise 2000-2006." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20069.
Full textThis research is rooted in my various professional experiences over more than a decade as a clinical psychologist and psychoanalyst in training, dealing with children, adolescents, their families as well as adults. This relates to a particular type of clinical work since the data for this study was collected in Lebanon, a country that has an elusive history, punctuated by wars and scattered violence; a country that is characterized by a resonating and echoing system between individual trauma and collective traumas. This study refers more precisely to a well-defined population, consisting exclusively of former children and adolescents of the 1975-1991 Lebanese war having lived and grown up in the former East Beirut. The study is also characterized by the fact that, once the analytic cure was well advanced, I was able to understand that I experienced, during my childhood and my adolescence, similar shared moments with my patients pertaining to traumatic experiences resulting from the war. In fact, my adult patients, the parents of the children in psychotherapy as well as myself, found ourselves as children and adolescents in the same places, experiencing the same epoche, alone, and away from adults (our parents or teachers), the same violent and destructive war events. This is a reflection that pertains to four generations. I wonder as to the quality of the links that exist between the peculiarities of the elaborative work of personal traumatic experiences and family traumas within the context of child psychotherapy. My interrogations also relate to the possible type of interaction existing between the specific trauma of the parent who is an ex-child (and ex-adolescent) of the war and the collective trauma that is specific to a country at war. I question in part the nature of the defense modalities of parents (generation 2) And the particularities of inner personal traumas that occur as an echo to family’s trauma, intertwined and interlocked with cumulative and collective social trauma. Moreover, I question why the parental psyche seems frozen, as if invaded, a prisoner “in a “no man’s land”, an undefined territory internal/external- non-human, fantasy/reality”, I also wonder about the strong, hidden links that seemed to glue up the members of a family. Those links or particular ways to live the attachment seemed, at first, apparently nonexistent but paradoxically they were extremely present in the sessions. The adults seamed unable to free themselves from this chain. I wonder if the children (generation 1) born after the war, are not, in the parental psyche (generation 2) reduced to a symptom – a symptom that the parents (generation 2) could not have had the opportunity to carry during their own childhood. Therefore, the child (generation 1) would be the bearer of "parental splitting"? I finally question the setting and wonder if the parents (generation 2) may not have accredited during our first encounter the « psychoanalytic » framework with the following dumb contract or agreement: "we know/you know what we/you have lived in our/ your childhood: we leave it aside and we do not talk about it at all. " Although the pact has not been explained verbally, transmission seemed to have been established in a « non-verbal communication. It may be for this reason that, the parents (generation 2) felt sufficiently at ease to try and place, for the first time in their lives, the suffering “child in them” in what they might have felt as being the securing, healing and soothing arms of “someone” who can be there for them; “someone” who has known what they have encountered because he is not a total stranger to their childhood experiences, “someone” who has the words and the capacity to talk about these unpleasant things; someone who may be able to express the “unspeakable experiences” with simple words
Aspert-Houballah, Aurélie. "Impact psychologique de la greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques et traumatisme psychique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H134.
Full textHematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been reserved for hematologic life threatening diseases. Between the announcement of the diagnosis and the transplant’s risks, the threat of death becomes real. This study wants to examine the psychological consequences of this « last chance » treatment focusing on psychological traumatism, by means of a psychodynamic analysis. It uses a longitudinal and mixed evaluation combining psychometric tests, projective tests, and clinical interviews. Fourteen patients have been interviewed between May 2009 and May 2010. Nine have been evaluated twice, once before HSCT, and once at least one year after HSCT. The results show a predominance of a mournful problematic in this population. Regression and masochism seems to be good working-off mechanisms. Trauma due to life threatening context seems more associated with the mournful problematic than the announcement of the diagnosis or the HSCT. Trauma could be seen, in a psychosomatic hypothesis, as a possible working-off mechanism from somatic destruction by the defusion of instincts
Pirlot, Gérard. "Le trauma psychique "pré-psychique" : addictions et psychopathologie du somatique "revisitant" la psychosomatique psychanalytique à propos de maladies somatiques survenant à l'arrêt d'addictions." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20095.
Full textHypothesis of this study was to find patients who had organics diseases after stopping addiction behavior. Clinic examination of this hypothesis may be understandable by a psycho-analysis psychosomatic theory. Meanwhile, the economic aspect of P. Marty psychosomatic theory (operational life, bad mentalization, essential depression) does not explain how some nevrotic patients, with good mentalization, have organic diseases after addiction stoppage. The ego function have to be reconsidered in this relation with the self, primitive form of psychics processes built with narcissic cathexis. Early traumatism during the maternal nursing cause a structural splitting on a (somatic) perception. The author sollicits being a psychic “pre-psychic” traumatism, or in other words, a narcissic traumatism - excitation in excess – disorganizing psychics process, prevent those ones to be organized: a part of this psychics don't leave a chimic or somatic form. This psychic ”pre-psychic” trauma realised a psychic crash: the ego doesn't settle enough self space, and primary masochism failing
Bergeot, Marie. "Naissance et conditions du sujet : inconscient, traumatisme et structure." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7011.
Full textThe starting point of this thesis assumes that from a clinical viewpoint, we formulate the hypothesis of a subject assoon as we listen to a child, a teenager, a young adult, a father, a mother: a patient, etymologically; the people who“endure”. We will follow a journey of eight major stages, going from the freudian discovery of the unconsciousness to Lacan’s invention of the “object a”. The child whom arrives for consultation is sometimes not yet a subject, but already considered as a patient, like having to assist something, we counsel, by supporting their words, to reveal theirunconscious, equally present as impalpable. To take signifiers, to seize them, to listen to them recurring, to guess themwhile they are concealed: all this implies that we suppose a subject to the words. These words are our only horizon,even though it is not sufficiently articulated, that it stumbles, becomes recalcitrant or hesitant. It is our window to the unconscious, whether it is slightly ajar, poorly insulated or wide open, firmly partitioned or swinging between openingand closing. From the subject of the unconscious to the subject of the signifier, we pass through the subject of scienceand following in Lacan’s footsetps, we seek to circumscribe what is the subject. Das Ding is the Thing, lost as such, itthus appears as the reality beyond all the representations that the subject has of it, that is what the signifying chainconveys. The signifier borders the subject whilst introducing it to desire and the world of demand. There is a stumblingblock beyond which the foundations of humanity are lost because human life is organised by this prohibition ofjouissance. Here is the structural trauma, which will be at the heart of this thesis, as a possible point of passage of the“asubject” to the subject. The irruption of this reality that Freud perceived, brought to light by Lacan through the structure of fantasy, makes it not possible for the evaluation of the factual or imaginary nature of the stories of trauma narrated by his hysterical patients. Lacan grasped this point of freudian indetermination – which marked the birth ofpsychoanalysis – to indicate the fictional value of truth, making fantasy the point at which the truth of the subjectemerges, an unconscious truth to be deciphered clinically, which leads straight to the object a as the fantasy formula suggests
CAVILLON, DELAMEZIERE GINETTE. "Le traumatisme parental dans la prematurite. Devenir et representations." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H051.
Full textPrematurity, neonatal diseases and mother child separation at birth constitute for the future of parental dynamic a non negligible traumatism. Twenty vears after the opening of neonatal care units to parents, the clinical study (1990) of this early sequence in fifty families of neonates hospitalized in amiens teaching hospital, and then of the late outcome (1994) of maternal and paternal representations, shows a stil pending process of psychic elaboration. This assessment, taking the way of parental talk and behaviour as well as the one of children symptoms, shows obviously that this opening is inadequate if it is not accompanied by a real psychologic support of both parents. The specific attention paid to the father in this research underlines the importance of his talk in the maternal figuration as well as in the speeding-up of the initially manhandled indentification process. Thus, in reality as well as in maternal representation, taking into account the place of the child's father seems to us to be the keystone of any questionning on the outcome of birth inaugural perceptions and of suffering induced by separation
Vázquez, Ávila Monica. "La dimension historique présente dans le délire : corps, langage et générations." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070091.
Full textClinical work with insanity shows the presence of historical elements in delirious discourse. It might seem that delirium manifests in its discourse "fragments of reality" related to an event experienced by ancestry. From that event, delirium becomes a first stele of a language that shows "that" which was lived in the past as a traumatic experience, but not recorded by the psyche. The retrieval that delirium does of a part of history concerns a fragmented history, broken, non svmbolic, it is the "real" of history it has to do with the "historic truth" that returns from the outside. In this sense, delirium becomes origin to gestate a relation to the subject and language. Analyzing the notions of body, language and generations, we penetrate the implication of each of these notions in the history of the delirious subject. This research work studies the nature of the relation between delirium and history from a psychoanalytic perspective
Oliaei, Anahita. "La honte et la culpabilité dans le traitement du traumatisme psychique auprès des sujets ayant vécu un traumatisme psychique : deuil, rencontre avec l’autisme de son enfant, attouchement sexuel." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD069.
Full textWe develop the notion of psychic trauma, as well as those of affects of shame and guilt. The relationship between psychic trauma and the affects of shame and guilt will be verified and analyzed, based on already existing psychoanalytic hypotheses, in order to further deepen the role of these affects in the treatment of psychic trauma. We also hypothesize that, face to the identical traumatic context, wich sends women and men back to castration, women tend to feel the affect of guilt while men rather that of shame. Finally, we highlight the role and attitude of the psychotherapist, as well as the way in which he must take care of the subjects who have experienced psychic trauma. This research work aims to open new thinking in the areas of therapy, as well as a new perspective in the field of research
Koretzky, Carolina. "Le terme « réveil » en psychanalyse : Conséquences cliniques et épistémologiques." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083437.
Full textOur research proposes a theoretical and clinical clarification of the psychoanalytical term of “awakening”. Freud’s early study of dreams in Traumdeutung led him to encounter the phenomenon of waking up from dreams of anxiety. The First World War brought Freud face to face with the traumatic dreams of veterans, throwing into question his general theory treating the dream as a fulfillment of desire. Conceptualising the death drive allows a new interpretation in psychoanalysis of the epistemological importance of dreams and awakening. To be explicit, we use the notion of the “epistemological break” as it was developed by Kant, based on Hume, and then taken up in the philosophy of science by Bachelard, Koyré and Canguilhem. This thesis then continues with a critical reading of the various contents, forms, and aporia found in Lacan’s teaching concerning the term “awakening”, where he used the terminology from the dream world to explain the underlying elements of the psychoanalytical experience. These various uses of the term are supported by two key hypotheses: “one wakes up to continue dreaming in reality” and the second one that Lacan developed later: “one never wakes up”. In the first case, one is awakened by the formations of the unconscious, trauma and eruption of anxiety, and then falls back asleep into the fantasy that is one’s own particular mode of jouissance. In the second case, in contrast, there is absolutely no possibility of waking up because one never is awakened from this drive, nor from one’s unconscious. The unconscious is a dream of truth, which grants meaning to what appears as a simple error. This is not without consequential importance because orienting a cure in this direction brings forth an encounter that is fortuitous and beyond common sense -- thereby replacing one’s predetermined destiny
Jehel, Louis. "Victimes et soignants face au traumatisme psychique : étude de facteurs prédictifs péritraumatiques et validations d'instruments de mesures." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066190.
Full textBockenmeyer, Jacqueline. "Le désir d'enfant chez la femme séropositive : illusion, réalité et traumatisme." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081381.
Full textOur study regards women's fate before and during pregnancy. In spite of the morbid process and the risk of giving birth to a child who might be an orphan, a growing number of young women with hiv infection are wish to have a child. In this population, the wish for a child was proved as a protecting defense mechanism or a screen in front of traumatic event constituted by the announcement and/or the knowledge of infection by hiv. This traumatic event is bursting in the depth of their body and their psyche. The sudden confrontation with the image of their own death provokes psychological perturbations. The wish for a child is transformed then in a necessity to be pregnant. It is the only antidote against psychological destructuration. Their own passed and future histcory is totally disturbed. The pregnancy in a hiv infected women doesn't eliminate the question of the child's future. If he is hiv infected, he will suffer and die. If he is not infected, he will become an orphan. \
Comtat, Emmanuelle. "Les pieds-noirs et la politique : 40 ans après le traumatisme du rapatriement." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE21016.
Full textThis thesis analyses how pieds-noirs consider politics. It observes Algerian war effects on vote and on political behaviours. It observes too memory effects on opinions. Is there any historical traumatism ? This research allows us to observe realignment theory applications and mechanisms which have an impact on political representations of this group. Are pieds-noirs differents in politics from other French people ? We can see pieds-noirs variety of opinions between the ages. We analyse too if there is any transmission of this political traumatism between generations. The methodology used to realyse this thesis is a survey (“Pieds-noirs 2002 survey”) and interviews. We used too electoral results before 1962 and archives about Algerian war and rapatriement