Relevant bibliographies by topics / Travail contraint

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Travail contraint'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Travail contraint"

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Paiva, Eduardo França. "Travail contraint et esclavage." Cahiers d'études africaines 45, no. 179-180 (December 19, 2005): 1123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.15104.

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França Paiva, Eduardo. "Travail contraint et esclavage." Cahiers d’études africaines 45, no. 179-180 (December 19, 2005): 1123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.5758.

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Robert, Marie, and Marie-Andrée Pelland. "Les différentes postures à l’égard du travail salarié chez des jeunes vivant en situation de précarité." Le dossier : Jeunesse et marginalités : faut-il intervenir ? 20, no. 1 (January 29, 2008): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016978ar.

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Bon nombre d’auteurs dans le champ de la sociologie de la jeunesse soutiennent que les transformations dans la sphère de travail (labour market) ont contraint « la jeunesse » à redéfinir son rapport au travail et la valeur qu’elle lui accorde. Peu d’études ont questionné si et comment ce mouvement atteint les jeunes en grande difficulté d’insertion sociale. Dans le cadre d’entretiens en profondeur (in-depth interviews) avec des jeunes vivant en situation de grande précarité (vulnerable and disavantaged), nous avons voulu connaître leur rapport au travail à travers leurs expériences et leurs perceptions du travail salarié.
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Reynaud, B. "Le travail contraint en Asie et en Europe XVIIe - XXe siecles." Enterprise and Society 13, no. 2 (January 10, 2012): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/khr062.

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Ricciardi, Ferruccio. "Alessandro Stanziani, Les métamorphoses du travail contraint. Une histoire globale (xviiie-." Histoire & mesure XXXV, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/histoiremesure.13580.

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Pineau, François. "Alessandro STANZIANI, Les Métamorphoses du travail contraint. Une histoire globale, xviiie-xixe." Revue d'histoire du XIXe siècle, no. 62 (June 20, 2021): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rh19.7720.

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Glaymann, Dominique, and François Grima. "Trois réponses à la précarité subie." Articles 63, no. 3 (October 14, 2008): 454–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019097ar.

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Ce travail vise à comprendre comment des intérimaires subissant ce statut y font face. Il apparaît que confrontés à une situation vécue comme stigmatisante, ces salariés réagissent de façon différente selon les raisons qui les ont conduits vers le travail temporaire, selon les ressources qu’ils parviennent à mobiliser pour définir et poursuivre différents objectifs et, en partie au moins, selon la durée de leur passage dans cette forme d’emploi. Trois réponses émergent : la résignation, la résilience et l’adaptation. Loin des schémas explicatifs unidimensionnels valorisant un précaire contraint ou acteur de son développement de carrière, cette recherche suggère une réaction au travail contingent subi qui questionne les différents modèles de coping, c’est-à-dire de stratégies adaptatives.
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Régnier, Faustine. "L’alimentation entre plaisir(s) et nécessité(s) en France et aux États-Unis." Sociologie et sociétés 46, no. 2 (October 28, 2014): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027143ar.

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L’article examine la place respective tenue par le plaisir et la nécessité, et leur articulation au fil du temps, à partir d’un corpus de conseils d’économie domestique de 1200 pages, issu de la presse féminine française et américaine (Modes et Travaux et Good Housekeeping) entre 1934 et 2010. Partant d’un examen des termes employés pour indiquer d’une part le plaisir, d’autre part la nécessité, il montre les évolutions, à la fois dans la place tenue par le plaisir et par la nécessité, et dans les domaines où l’un et l’autre s’expriment (passage des contraintes liées au budget et à la satisfaction de besoins alimentaires de base à des injonctions diététiques et individualistes ensuite). S’inscrivant dans les analyses de N. Elias dans La civilisation des moeurs et La dynamique de l’Occident, l’article met en évidence que l’expression de la nécessité et la place laissée au plaisir témoignent d’un travail de civilisation, dans lequel la contrainte implicite devient autocontrainte. L’article montre que le plaisir, plus récemment affirmé et mis en valeur, ne s’effectue jamais sans son articulation à la nécessité : un hédonisme, sans doute, mais contraint.
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Loncle, Stéphanie. "Le théâtre, la littérature et les valeurs marchandes. Une analyse sociocritique de Chatterton et de Ruy Blas entre hier et aujourd’hui." Études littéraires 43, no. 3 (July 2, 2013): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1016848ar.

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Résumé Chatterton (1835) et Ruy Blas (1838) proposent une réflexion sur la marchandisation des valeurs de l’art et de la politique au moment même où l’organisation marchande des activités théâtrales crée des tensions dans le monde des théâtres. Dans ces deux pièces, les personnages sont pris dans une relation marchande qui contraint leur action ou leur travail. Leurs discours produisent une compréhension (plus ou moins critique, plus ou moins cohérente) de cette situation qui concerne, en fait, une grande partie de la société de l’époque. Ces pièces offrent ainsi aux acteurs la possibilité de faire dialoguer leur personnage avec leur propre situation de travail (une performance scénique rémunérée dans un système théâtral en cours de libéralisation) et aux spectateurs, celle de s’interroger sur ce nouveau fait de société que constitue l’institutionnalisation du marché du travail.
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Miaz, Jonathan. "Le Droit et ses médiations." Articles thématiques 38, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058291ar.

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Les travaux qui portent sur la mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques et, en particulier, sur lasreet-level bureaucracyappréhendent généralement la question du pouvoir discrétionnaire à un niveau individuel à partir de la liberté d’action dont disposeraient les agents de terrain. Sur la base d’une enquête ethnographique au sein de l’administration responsable du traitement des demandes d’asile en Suisse, cet article analyse la question sous un autre angle : à partir des médiations sociales, institutionnelles et juridiques à travers lesquelles le droit oriente les comportements des agents. L’analyse des médiations du droit révèle surtout l’importance d’un pouvoir normatifcollectifde l’administration, qui réside dans l’élaboration de « normes secondaires d’application » par les agents. Cet article montre aussi qu’il existe, au sein de l’institution, tout un travail à la fois juridique et social qui encadre, oriente et contraint les pratiques des agents.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Travail contraint"

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Courbier, Sonia. "Du travail à temps partiel contraint au temps choisi : au-delà de l'expérience hollandaise." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21026.

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Depuis vingt ans, le travail à temps partiel a été vu comme un instrument pouvant satisfaire un double objectif : d'une part, limiter l'ampleur du chômage grâce à un partage du travail fréquemment encouragé par les instances gouvernementales et, d'autre part, répondre à la demande entrepreneuriale d'assouplissement de l'organisation du travail pour affronter la concurrence. Ainsi, dans le développement du temps partiel en France, le poids de la demande et celui de l'offre de travail ne sont pas équivalents, la logique de la demande de travail ayant été jusqu'ici privilégiée faisant du travail à temps partiel une contrainte pour le travailleur (comme en attestent les études empiriques européennes ainsi que certaines théories néoclassiquqes et institutionnalistes). Il convient de corriger cette asymétrie en allant au-delà du "modèle hollandais" (lequel n'est pas transposable) et de s'interroger sur la nécessité de développer le travail à temps partiel choisi en France parce qu'il permet de répondre aux attentes des offreurs de travail. Dans ce contexte, les droits sociaux nécessitent d'être repensés pour une meilleure concordance des différents temps de vie.
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Selusi, Sophie. "La cession du contrat de travail." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD058.

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S’inscrivant dans un contexte juridique et économique propice, cette thèse propose une utilisationrenouvelée de la cession de contrat adaptée au rapport de travail. Les finalités de ce mécanismejustifient l’opportunité de sa réception et de sa réalisation augurant son développement. Constatantque ni le législateur, ni le juge, ne font référence au dispositif, un effort de définition est accompli.La cession du contrat de travail est l’opération consistant à changer d’employeur avec l’accord dusalarié sans rupture. Repensées sous le prisme de la cession de contrat, les opérations se situant àla frontière du transfert d’entreprise sont clarifiées et réalisées de manière cohérente.Le particularisme du rapport de travail suppose que soit mis en place un système légal garantissantle consentement du salarié. Instaurant une continuité contractuelle, la mise en œuvre de cetinstrument confirme son utilité
Within a propitious legal and economic environment, this PhD thesis sheds the light of a suitableand renewed use of the assignment of contract. The purposes of the mechanism foster itsdevelopment. The lack of definition by lawmakers and judges tends to render such workmandatory. The assignment of contract shall be the operation changing of employer by mutualagreement with the employee without any termination. All operations closed to transfer ofundertaking are therefore clarified. The specificity of employment relationship involves a legalregime ensuring the consent of employee. Establishing a contractual continuum, its usefulness isjustified by its implementation
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Diotallevi, Gérard. "De quelques obligations accessoires au contrat de travail." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0734.

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En dehors de la loi lato sensu, la volonté des parties n'est pas la seule source normative qui pèse sur le contrat de travail. Le juge, habilité par l'article 1135 du Code civil y accessoirise des obligations qu'il créé a pari de règles existantes. Le processus ne relève ni de l'interprétation, ni du mécanisme présomptif mais d'un cheminement complétif qui aboutit à combler les lacunes du contrat ou de la loi. L'origine est à rechercher dans la nature du contrat travailliste, articulée entre un donné économique et un construit juridique. Le mécanisme complétif remontant au-delà du Code civil se projette aussi vers un droit en devenir lorsqu'il interpelle la raison, norme irrigant la Common Law, et qui profile une jurisprudence du raisonnable dans une matière où la bonne foi régnait en maître. Assis sur une exigence forte de proportionnalité entre les droits de l'employeur et les obligations du salarié, il nait par analogie en éparpillant dans la relation de travail des obligations circonstancielles dans l'intérêt d'une meilleure justice contractuelle
Outside the broadest meaning of law, the desires of the parties are not the only normative source that has an effect on work contracts. Judges authorized by Article 1135 of the Civil Code, adorn it with obligations they create in comparison with similar existing rules. The process is derived from neither interpretations nor presumptive mechanism, but from a completive progression that ends up filling in whatever is missing from the contract or from the law. Relying on a strong requirement of proportionality between the rights of the employer and the obligations of the employee, by analogy, it is born by being dissipated in the working relationship of circumstantial obligations in the interest of better contractual justice
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Donnette-Boissière, Anaëlle. "La contractualisation en droit du travail." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10032.

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La contractualisation est une tendance qui traverse de nombreuses branches du droit et cette thèse a pour objet d'en vérifier la pertinence et d'en déterminer la portée en droit du travail. Traduction d'une dynamique de normativité contractuelle, la contractualisation recouvre, en droit du travail, deux réalités. Elle est d'abord une contractualisation du rapport de travail. Principalement sous l'impulsion de la jurisprudence, la place normative du contrat individuel de travail doit être réévaluée parce que la norme contractuelle est valorisée par rapport à la norme statutaire et au pouvoir de l'employeur. Cette dynamique semble cependant parvenue à maturité et, plus encore, il importe d'accepter ses limites et son contrôle en raison de la finalité protectrice du droit du travail qu'il faut préserver. La contractualisation est aussi celle du droit du travail. C'est alors le rôle normatif du contrat collectif du travail qui subit une profonde transformation. On assiste en effet à une valorisation de la norme conventionnelle face à la norme étatique. Réelle et puissante, cette dynamique doit faire l'objet d'une meilleure compréhension et d'un vrai accompagnement. Il en va de sa légitimité et de sa pérennité
Contracting is an often met trend in several fields of law and this PhD work aims at checking its relevance and making its impact clear in labour law. Contracting is the expression of a dynamics of creating a standard by contract and covers two facts in labour law. First of all it means contracting in individual relationships at work. The standard position of individual employment contract has to be reevaluated, especially under the spur of legal precedents. It has to be done because contractual standard has been developed compared with statutory standard and the employer's power. However, it seems that this dynamics has reached its maturity and besides, it is important to accept its limitations and supervision, considering that the first aim in labour law is protection, which must be guaranteed. Yet, contracting also means contracting of labour law. So, the standard function of collective agreement goes through a deep change. There is actually an increase of conventional standard facing state standard. This real and powerful dynamics should benefit from a better understanding and a proper control. Its legitimacy and pereenniality depend on it
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Gauthier, Walter. "La rémunération du travail salarié." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0189/document.

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Les liens qui unissent rémunération et travail semblent, de prime abord, d’une évidente simplicité. Pour autant, la spécificité de la créance de rémunération et la sophistication des nouvelles formes de rétribution complexifient fortement ces rapports. Partant de ce constat, il est nécessaire de s’intéresser aux interactions qu’entretiennent ces deux notions. La rémunération est avant tout une catégorie juridique dont la définition varie suivant la règle à appliquer. Les multiples finalités assignées aux normes venant encadrer la rémunération font du travail un critère inopportun de définition car trop restrictif. La nécessité de repenser les critères de définition de la rémunération s’avère donc indispensable. La rémunération est également la contrepartie de l’obligation principale du salarié. La manière d’appréhender les interactions entre le travail convenu et la rémunération conditionne, dès lors, l’étendue du droit à rémunération du salarié. La contrepartie de la rémunération est majoritairement la contrepartie d’une immobilisation temporelle de l’activité du salarié au service d’un employeur. Contrepartie de la mise à disposition de la force de travail du salarié, la détermination du montant de la rémunération devrait également être liée à ce facteur temporel. Il s’avère que l’évolution des modes de rémunération et de l’organisation du temps de travail contredit ce postulat de départ. Le montant de la rémunération devient, par conséquent, bien plus dépendant de la performance du salarié ou des résultats économiques de l’entreprise que du temps passé à se tenir à la disposition de l’employeur
The links between remuneration and work seem, at first glance, of an obvious simplicity. However, the specificity of the pay debt and the development of new kind of remuneration complicate strongly these reports. Starting from this observation, it is necessary to focus on the interactions between these two concepts. First of all, remuneration is a legal category and its definition varies according to the rule to apply. The multiple objectives assigned to law remuneration make work a wrong criterion of definition because to restrictive. The need to rethink the definition of remuneration criteria is therefore essential. Remuneration is also the compensation of the main obligation of the employee. Therefore, the way to understand the interactions between the agreed work and pay determines the extent of the right to employee's compensation. The compensation of remuneration is mainly the consideration of the temporal fixed asset of the employee in the service of an employer. Determining the amount of compensation should also be linked to this temporal coefficient. But, changing patterns of pay and the new rule’s organization of working time contradicts this premise. Nowadays, the amount of remuneration becomes more dependent on the performance of the employee or on the economic results of the company that the time spent on hold at the disposal of the employer
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Rault, Olivia. "La formation du contrat de travail : essai sur la liberté contractuelle." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020061.

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Petit, François. "L'après-contrat de travail." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D039.

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En l'etat actuel du droit du travail francais, l'expression "apres-contrat de travail" ne designe pas la condition juridique du salarie apres la rupture de son contrat de travail. En realite, l'apres-contrat de travail est constitue par un ensemble de relations juridiques, celles qui s'etablissent entre les parties au contrat eteint et avec des tiers, dans lesquelles l'employeur doit verser des indemnite au salarie,ou parfois meme le reembaucher, et la collectivite alloue au chomeur un revenu de remplacement
In the present state of french haw, the phrase "apres-contrat de travail" is not used to designate the legal condition of the employee after dismissal or resignation. Actually, the post-work contract period is filled by the whole relationships in which the employer must pay indemnities to the employee, or sometimes re-engage him, and the collectivity allows unemployment benefits
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Scaglia, Mathilde. "Contrat de travail et sources du droit." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0002/document.

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Le droit du travail est caractérisé par des problématiques liées à l’articulation de ses sources, au centredesquelles se trouve le contrat individuel de travail. Si généralement l’articulation des normes fait appel ausystème hiérarchique, le particularisme des mécanismes propres au droit du travail conduit à écarter cettesolution. Ce dépassement du dispositif hiérarchique impose alors de s’interroger sur l’existence dephénomènes propres, répondant à la multitude des interactions possibles entre le contrat de travail et lesautres sources du droit. Traduction d’une dynamique autonome du système hiérarchique, les phénomènesd’influence des sources du droit sur le contrat de travail et de résistance du contrat de travail aux autressources proposent une nouvelle méthode d’articulation entre la norme contractuelle et les autres sources. Lepremier, le phénomène d’influence des sources du droit, permet tant la modulation du contenu du contrat detravail que l’encadrement de l’exécution contractuelle. Le second, le phénomène de résistance du contrat detravail, se traduit par des mécanismes liés tant à la dérogation qu’à la modification du contenu du contrat detravail.Compte tenu des impératifs de sécurité juridique et de flexibilité du travail, l’enjeu de cette étude relative àl’articulation entre le contrat de travail et les autres sources du droit est de comprendre d’une part, lesévolutions du contenu contractuel et d’autre part, de mesurer les implications de ces articulations en matièrede contentieux du travail
Employment law is characterized by questions related to the relationships between its sources, at the core ofwhich the employment contract is placed. If the relationships between norms usually mean hierarchy, it is notthe same concerning employment law, due to its own mechanisms. Once the hierarchical system put aside,the question of phenomenons proper to employment law can be asked, related to the numerous potentialinteractions between the employment contract and the other sources of law. As autonomous dynamics,separate from the hierarchical system, the phenomenons of the influence on the sources of law, and of theopposition of the employment contract to the other sources, represent a new relationship between thecontract and the other sources. The first one, the influence on the sources of law, allows the modulation ofthe contents of the contract, as well as the regulation of the execution of the contract. The second one, theopposition of the employment contract, deals with the derogation and the modification of the contract.Considering the requirements of legal security and work flexibility, what is at stake in this study on therelationships between the employment contract and the other sources of law, is on one hand, to understandthe evolutions of the contents of the employment contract, and on the other hand, to measure theconsequences of those relationships concerning employment disputes
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Mazaud, Anne-Laure. "Contrat de travail et droit commun : essai de mesure." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2157.

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La question des rapports entretenus entre le contrat de travail et le droit commun évoque immédiatement la revendication autonomiste. Il ne s’agit pourtant pas de revendiquer mais de mesurer la propension à l’autonomie du droit du travail à l’égard du droit commun des contrats maintes fois questionnée et toujours renouvelée. Précisément, cet essai de mesure révèle un résultat profondément nuancé. Ainsi, l’autonomie ne saurait être absolument reconnue en raison des nombreuses manifestations de la soumission du contrat de travail au droit commun. Elle ne peut cependant pas être totalement contredite en raison de l’indéniable émancipation de celui-ci envers celui-là. Pour comprendre cette apparente contradiction, il convient de diviser la matière. L’approche ne peut être globale et l’étude doit porter sur des objets distincts. Le régime du contrat de travail oscille en effet entre deux pôles : autonomie et dépendance. Relativement à certaines questions, l’émancipation à l’égard du droit commun est quasi-totale. Relativement à d’autres, la soumission est de mise. Plus encore, le résultat de ces recherches conduit à affirmer que l’autonomie et la dépendance ne constituent pas deux domaines étanches délimités par une frontière nette. Ainsi, la dépendance doit être reconnue lorsque le droit commun est préservé ; l’autonomie apparaît déjà, cependant, dès lors que le droit commun est adapté. Elle est plus intense encore lorsque le droit commun est déformé, et atteint son ultime degré lorsque le droit commun est évincé. Se constate ainsi une sorte de continuum qui s’étend entre ces deux pôles – dépendance et autonomie – et sur lequel s’ordonnent les questions relatives au contrat de travail. Ainsi, lorsqu’on mesure les rapports entre le contrat de travail et le droit commun des contrats, tout est affaire de degrés, de proximité et d’éloignement corrélatif à l’égard de ces deux extrémités du spectre
When wondering about the relationship between employment contract and general law, autonomist claim is usually immediately brought up. Yet, the point is not to claim, but to define the propensity to autonomy of labor law in regard of general contract law, many times asked, and always renewed. Precisely, this measurement essay reveals deeply nuanced results. Thus autonomy could not be definitely accepted due to many manifestations of the subservience of employment contract to general law. However it cannot be totally contradicted because of the incontestable emancipation of the employment contract from the general law. To understand this apparent contradiction, the subject must be divided. The approach cannot be global and the study must deal with distinct subjects. The employment contract system is indeed oscillating between two poles: autonomy and dependence. Emancipation towards general law is almost complete when considering some questions. Concerning some other questions, subservience can only be noted. Moreover, the results of this research are leading to affirm that autonomy and dependence are not two distinct areas, separated by a hermetic border. Hence, dependence must be admitted when general law is preserved, though autonomy already appears when general law is appropriate. It is more intense when general law is distorted, and reaches its ultimate degree when general law is ousted. A kind of continuum is observed between these two poles – subservience and autonomy – on which questions about employment contract are organized. Consequently, when measuring the relationship between employment contract and general contract law, everything is a matter of degrees, proximity and distance correlative to these two extremities of the spectrum
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Bourret, Christelle. "La question de l'existence d'un contrat de travail ou d'entreprise relatif à la prostitution." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10050/document.

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La prostitution est une activité exercée par de nombreuses personnes prostituées afin de pouvoir subvenir à leurs besoins, comme c'est le cas pour toutes les personnes exerçant une activité professionnelle. Cette activité qui est imposable comme les autres activités professionnelles, n'est pas reconnue comme une profession. Malgré la reconnaissance de l'existence d'une prostitution volontaire, le législateur français ne permet pas aux personnes prostituées de conclure un contrat de travail ou d'entreprise relatif à la prostitution. Cependant, ces contrats leurs permettraient de bénéficier des régimes de protection sociale de la population active, donc d'améliorer leurs conditions de vie, car la santé des personnes prostituées est mise en péril par la nature de leur activité. L'étude des éléments constitutifs du contrat de prostitution, permet de constater que si l'évolution des mentalités s'accompagnait d'une réforme des textes relataifs aux actes liés à la prostitution, la conclusion de ces contrats serait envisageable
Prostitution is an activity exercised by many people, in order to meet their needs, as it is for any person exercising any professional activity. Although this activity is taxable, as for any other work, it is not recognized as a profession. Despite the recognition of volunteer prostitution, French law does not allow prostitutes to conclude a work or buisness contract relative to prostitution. However, this type of contract waould allow them to enjoy the benefits of general social protection programs, and therefore to improve their life conditions, as the health of prostitutes is somehow endangered by the inner nature of this activity. The study of the components of the prostitution contract shows that, if the change the attidudes was accompagnied by a reform of laws relating to acts associated with prostitution, then the conclusion of these contracts would be possible
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Books on the topic "Travail contraint"

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Bernard, Brunet, ed. Journal d'un jeune Français contraint au travail forcé en Allemagne Nazie. Nantes: Amalthée, 2005.

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Orliac, Claude. Contrat et relations de travail: Rapports individuels de travail. 2nd ed. Lyon: L'Hermès, 1991.

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Langlet, Olivier. Le contrat de travail international. Bruxelles: Kluwer, 2005.

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Clesse, Jacques. Congé et contrat de travail. Liège: Editions de la Faculté de droit, 1992.

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Supiot, Alain. Les notions de contrat de travail et de relation de travail en Europe. Luxembourg: Office des publications officielles des Communautés européennes, 1992.

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Ignace, Rakoto, ed. Droit malgache du travail: Les relations individuelles de travail. 2nd ed. Antananarivo, Madagascar: Juridika, 2011.

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Ignace, Rakoto, ed. Droit malgache du travail: Les relations individuelles de travail. 2nd ed. Antananarivo: Juridika, 2007.

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Carby-Hall, Joseph Roger. Du travail salarié au travail indépendant: Permanences et mutations. Bari: Cacucci, 2003.

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Issa-Sayegh, Joseph. Droit du travail sénégalais. Paris: Libr. générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1987.

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Tchokomakoua, Venant. Droit du travail camerounais. Yaoundé: Presses universitaires d'Afrique, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Travail contraint"

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Delattre, Alain. "Un contrat de travail atypique d’Antinoupolis." In Comunicazioni, 23–27. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-863-1.13.

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Davis, Bernard, Andrew Lockwood, Peter Alcott, and Ioannis S. Pantelidis. "Contract foodservice, travel and public sector catering – The indirect market." In Food and Beverage Management, 76–93. Sixth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315563374-4.

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Bidet, Alexandra. "Être « contraint de s’organiser » : la multi-activité, entre situations de travail et formes sociales." In Quand travailler, c’est s’organiser. Presses des Mines, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pressesmines.3438.

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Toupin, Cathy, Béatrice Barthe, and Sophie Prunier-Poulmaire. "Du temps contraint au temps construit : vers une organisation capacitante du travail en horaires alternants et de nuit." In Ergonomie constructive, 75. Presses Universitaires de France, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/puf.falzo.2013.01.0075.

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Delobbe, Nathalie. "Contrat psychologique." In Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations, 136–38. Dunod, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dunod.valle.2016.01.0136.

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Lauzier, Martin, and Rémi Archambault. "LE CONTRAT PSYCHOLOGIQUE:." In Transformations du monde du travail, 127–48. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18ph962.9.

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Prunier-Poulmaire, Sophie. "Décalage d’horaires et autres contraintes de travail." In Les risques du travail, 241–45. La Découverte, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dec.theba.2015.01.0241.

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Cartron, Damien. "Le cumul des contraintes dans la restauration rapide." In Les risques du travail, 215–18. La Découverte, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dec.theba.2015.01.0215.

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Delobbe, Nathalie. "Contrat psychologique." In Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations : 110 notions clés, 140–42. Dunod, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dunod.valle.2019.01.0140.

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Pommier, François. "La recherche de la mort pour échapper à la contrainte." In Mort et travail de pensée, 35. ERES, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eres.pommi.2011.01.0035.

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Conference papers on the topic "Travail contraint"

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Lin, Yen-ting, and Antonio Ortega. "Reconstruction algorithm for high contrast velocity travel time tomography." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495393.

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Glušac, Danijela. "THE ROLE OF TRAVEL HEALTH INSURANCE IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT - CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21145dg.

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Travel health insurance is insurance for travellers during their travel and stay in a foreign country in case of necessary assistance in connection with the arrangement and provision of necessary treatment, transport to the medical institution or country of residence, due to sudden illness or injury of the insured. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic mainly affected this area of insurance, and therefore, insurers were presented with challenges. The need for research on travel health insurance can be seen in the complexity of the relationships, types and modalities. The author analyses the essential characteristics of this type of insurance, indicating the legislative framework and contract regulation in general and special conditions of insurers. This paper aims at contributing to research of travel health insurance. This study will significantly to the limited literature on travel health insurance, and it will have an implication on the insurance sector for further diversification of their products.
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Vygodianskii, Aleksei Valerevich. "PROBLEMS OF QUALIFICATION OF THE OBLIGATION FOR CARRIAGE OF BAGGAGE FOR AIR TRAVEL." In All-Russian scientific and practical conference. Publishing house Sreda, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-75295.

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A passenger has a special relationship with an air carrier when they hand over their baggage for transportation. Shipping Luggage is usually accompanied by passenger shipping, which is closely connected to her, but at the same time is regulated in a special way. This article analyzes the current legal norms governing the delivery of baggage in the implementation of passenger air transportation. The author justifies the position that the obligation to transport the baggage handed over by the passenger cannot be qualified as an independent contract for the carriage of baggage, as some authors suggest. According to the author, this obligation should be recognized as an additional optional obligation of the carrier under the contract of air carriage of the passenger.
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Božić, Vanda. "USLUGE I UGOVOR O ALOTMANU." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujvcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.321b.

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Tourism has become a mass phenomenon on a global level, it has long ceased to be associated only with summer and winter vacations. During the year, tourists are offered various services and opportunities, new destinations and new types of arrangements. With the progressive development of tourism, more and more attention is paid to the allotment contract (contract on the engagement of catering facilities) which enables the travel agency and the caterer (hotel) to perform tourist activity more efficiently and easily. For tourism service providers, the contract provides a higher and longer-lasting level of business security and stability, thus guaranteeing tourists a safer, better and more accessible service. The paper points out the importance and characteristics of the contract on allotment in tourism, the rights and obligations of the contracting parties and their role and position in tourism.
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Belayouni, N., M. Noble, A. Gesret, and T. Bardainne. "A New Method for First Arrival Travel Times and Amplitude Computation in High Contrast Velocity Models." In Near Surface Geoscience 2012 – 18th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20143474.

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Calderas Volcanes, Rubén José, and Emilio Germán Moreno González. "MISUSE OF SPEED-BUMPS ON TWO-LANE MAIN RURAL ROADS. A GENERALIZED PRACTICE IN VENEZUELA." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.2255.

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Settlements of uncontrolled population on side of road in Venezuela originate the excessive use of traffic speed reducers to mitigate accidents. Misuse of these speed control devices generate problem of functionality in the two-lane main rural roads which requires to be studied to demonstrate its effect on the capacity and level of service. Although other factors may occur (i.e, environmental problems and health), the disproportionate use of speed-bumps worsens circulation quality by increase of travel time as most sensitive parameter. Where this effect not can be reversed it should be made efforts to mitigate speed using another traffic-calming device. The studied stretches are selected according to particular characteristics such as: urban settlement, isolated speed-bump and its installation in series, including case without speed-bumps which guarantees the proper contrast. Video cameras to detect the travel time of vehicles are used in each road section, it allow the measures of other parameters.The travel time distribution with or without speed-bumps and probability distribution that characterizes vehicle movement in each stretch allows the simulation and modeling with the ARENA software. Travel time allows obtain the speed which, together with the volume of traffic, determines the level of service according to the Highway Capacity Manual criterion. The economic cost of substitute measures versus travel time is evaluated and may be useful in decision-making or implementation of better policies by transport governmental institutions.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.2255
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Rattanawicha, Pimmanee, and Sutthipong Yungratog. "Understanding How Colour Contrast in Hotel & Travel Website Affects Emotional Perception, Trust, and Purchase Intention of Visitors." In 9th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Information Technology. Aircc Publishing Corporation, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2019.91706.

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Torres-Cruz, Alberto, Dirk F. de Lange, and Hugo I. Medellín-Castillo. "Development of a Virtual Platform to Evaluate the Performance of an Electrical Vehicle." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52408.

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Virtual simulations of electrical vehicle performance help to optimize vehicle design, by studying and predicting the effects of parameter variations on the vehicle performance, in order to find an optimum balance between the cost and benefit of design decisions. In this work, the development of a virtual platform to evaluate the performance of an electrical vehicle is presented and applied to the study of public urban transportation. The aim is to analyze the requirements and optimize specifications for a light weight, energy efficient, autonomous vehicle without energy supply along the trajectory, except in the stations. Virtual platforms for vehicle performance have been developed before, and in many cases characteristic velocity profiles are used as a reference, according to the traffic environment in which the vehicle will operate. Vehicle analysis and design is focused on feasibility of the vehicle to be able to follow the prescribed velocity profile. In the present study, the evaluation is instead based on the cost/benefit relationship for an urban transport vehicle on traffic-free trajectories, enabling to adjust and optimize the velocity profiles in order to optimize the energy use while minimizing travel time. Therefore, the virtual platform is focused on the calculation of the net energy usage, the travel time and the system cost corresponding to an electrical vehicle with different battery and ultra-capacitor energy storage capacities, regeneration and storage of brake energy and an automatic governor for autonomous vehicle control. The influence of design parameters, such as the installed motor power, energy storage capacity, vehicle weight, passenger load and vehicle control strategy on the time schedule and energy efficiency is studied. However, the effort does not aim for a straight forward optimization of efficiency or minimization of travel time. In fact, energy optimization often conflicts with the travel time optimization. Therefore, both are analyzed simultaneously in order to assist in the search for an optimum compromise. In addition, the results are interpreted in terms of the overall obtained benefits of travel time reduction or optimization of the energy use, in contrast with the corresponding increment of the investment cost of the vehicle related to the implementation of the studied parameter variation. Specific trajectory profiles, including height profiles can be defined for optimization of the vehicle system for application in specific locations with specific geographic conditions.
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Shiau, Ching-Shin Norman, and Jeremy J. Michalek. "A MINLP Model for Global Optimization of Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Design and Allocation to Minimize Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28064.

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Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have potential to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the U.S. light-duty vehicle fleet. GHG emissions from PHEVs and other vehicles depend on both vehicle design and driver behavior. We pose a twice-differentiable, factorable mixed-integer nonlinear programming model utilizing vehicle physics simulation, battery degradation data, and U.S. driving data to determine optimal vehicle design and allocation for minimizing lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The resulting nonconvex optimization problem is solved using a convexification-based branch-and-reduce algorithm, which achieves global solutions. In contrast, a randomized multistart approach with local search algorithms finds global solutions in 59% of trials for the two-vehicle case and 18% of trials for the three-vehicle case. Results indicate that minimum GHG emissions is achieved with a mix of PHEVs sized for around 35 miles of electric travel. Larger battery packs allow longer travel on electric power, but additional battery production and weight result in higher GHG emissions, unless significant grid decarbonization is achieved. PHEVs offer a nearly 50% reduction in life cycle GHG emissions relative to equivalent conventional vehicles and about 5% improvement over ordinary hybrid electric vehicles. Optimal allocation of different vehicles to different drivers turns out to be of second order importance for minimizing net life cycle GHGs.
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Jain, Jayesh, Subhrajit Dey, L. Muralidharan, Andrew M. Leach, and Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen. "Jet Impingement Melting With Vaporization: A Numerical Study." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56148.

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The objective of this work was to develop a computational model for better understanding of the process of producing contrast agent, used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Contrast agents are used to provide high-resolution anatomical and functional information to identify tumor growth for prostrate and breast cancers. The production process for the contrast agents involves melting and dissolution of the imaging agent (maintained at very low temperature ∼1K to retain its polarization capability) by injecting the jet of alkaline solvent. Dissolution should happen in minimum time to allow for time required to inject contrast agent into the patient with sufficient time to travel to the targeted organ. This process involves multi-phase, multi-species and chemically reacting fluid dynamics. The intricacy and complexity of the melting process and very small time scales (order of a few milliseconds) poses practical challenges of collecting enough experimental data for the better understanding of such processes. It creates a need for looking at these kinds of processes from a numerical point of view. A computational model was developed in commercial software to capture the relevant physics involved in the flow-thermal process. System was analyzed to guide design changes with the objective of minimizing the melting time of imaging agent. Model predictions were validated against experiments and sensitivity studies were carried out pertaining to operating parameters such as solvent flow rate, temperature and other geometrical parameters. The predictions from model gave an insight into the process. It was found that melting time is not only a function of operating conditions and geometrical parameters but also a function of nature of the multiphase flow. Other than solid and molten phase, vapor phase (vaporization of the alkaline solvent) also coexist in the system under certain operating conditions; which further complicates the process. Desired operating conditions and geometrical changes were recommended to minimize the melting time. It is believed that current findings and numerical modeling approach could be utilized in other similar processes.
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Reports on the topic "Travail contraint"

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Aromi, Daniel, María Paula Bonel, Julian P. Cristia, Martín Llada, Juan I. Pereira, Xiomara Pulido, and Julieth Santamaria. Research Insights: How Much Has Human Mobility Been Reduced by Social Distancing Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean? Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003135.

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The lockdowns implemented in Latin America and the Caribbean in March 2020 reduced the share of people who travel more than 1 km (about 0.6 miles) per day by 10 percentage points during the 15 days following its implementation. The effects of the lockdowns declined over time: the effect amounted to 12 percentage points during the first week and to 9 percentage points during the second week of the implementation of the lockdowns. In contrast, school closures reduced mobility by only 5 percentage points, and no effects were found for bar and restaurant closures or the cancellation of public events. The results suggest that lockdowns are a tool that can produce reductions in mobility quickly. This is important given the expectation that reduced mobility slows the spread of COVID-19.
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Zilberman, Mark. Methods to Test the “Dimming Effect” Produced by a Decrease in the Number of Photons Received from Receding Light Sources. Intellectual Archive, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2437.

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The hypothetical “Dimming Effect” describes the change of the number of photons arriving from a moving light source per unit of time. In non-relativistic systems, the “Dimming effect” may occur due to the growing distance of light sources moving away from the receiver. This means that due to the growing distance, the photons continuously require more time to reach the receiver, which reduces the number of received photons per time unit compared to the number of emitted photons. Understandably, the proposed “Dimming effect” must be tested (confirmed or rejected) through observations. a. This article provides the formula for the calculation of “Dimming effect” values using the redshift parameter Z widely used in astronomy. b. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected utilizing the orbital movement of the Earth around the Sun. In accordance to the “Dimming effect”, observers on Earth will view 1.0001 more photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction of the Earth orbiting the Sun. And, in contrast, observers will view only 0.9999 photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction opposite to the Earth orbiting the Sun. Calculating precise measurements of the same stars within a 6-month period can possibly detect this difference. These changes in brightness are not only for specific stars, as the change in brightness takes place for all stars near the ecliptic in the direction of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun and in the opposite direction. c. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected in a physics laboratory using a moving light source (or mirror) and photon counters located in the direction of travel and in the opposite direction. d. In theory, Dilation of time can also be used for testing the existence of the “Dimming effect.” However, in experiments on Earth this effect appears in only the 14th digit after the decimal point and testing does not appear to be feasible. e. Why is it important to test the “Dimming effect?” If confirmed, it would allow astronomers to adjust values of "Standard Candles" used in astronomy. Since “Standard Candles” are critical in various cosmological models, the “Dimming effect” can correct models and/or reveal and support new models. If it is proved that the “Dimming effect” does not exist, it will mean that the number of photons arriving per unit of time does not depend on the speed of the light source and observer, which is not so apparent.
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