Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Travail de proximité'
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Pokrovsky, Alexis. "L'entrepreneur institutionnel et la dimension spatiale du travail institutionnel." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS040/document.
Full textThe new institutional theory plays an important part to our understanding of the structural elements shaping organizations and markets. It brings an analytical framework for anyone interested in understanding and managing changes in an organizational field, and more specifically for those who want to be actor of that change. This framework is particularly helpful for entrepreneurs wishing to change their field of operation. Spatial activity, namely the capacity to organize social distinct realities, is a dimension of the entrepreneurial activity that has remained quite unexplored. The literature on territories gives us an indication of the strong relationship between space and institution. This brings us to the backbone question of this research: how can deliberate actions on space (or “doing with space” as written by Michel Lussault) change institutions and turn the entrepreneur into an institutional entrepreneur? This research will be based on several case studies about entrepreneurs who follow a spatial strategy, to test whether it fits the definition of institutional work. First, it will define what a “spatial strategy” is in management studies, and in particular for entrepreneurship, by detailing its process and the key competences and by proposing various generic models. Finally, it will shed a new light on the institutional entrepreneur, “Higgs boson” of the New Institutional Theory
Bonnard, Claire. "Le marché du travail des scientifiques : capital humain, incitations, proximité." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655967.
Full textBarros, Geraldo Pedro Heitor. "La proximité au Palais : une analyse de la socialisation des juges de proximité." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10022/document.
Full textThis research analyzes the socialization process of “juges de proximité” within the courts in France. The small claim courts (“jurisdictions de proximité”) were created by the Justice reformation of 2002 (se foi mais de uma reforma usa o “of”, se foi só uma deixa o “in”). To its reformers, this institution represents the desire of reducing litigiousness in the relationship between Justice and citizens. The reaction of professional judges' corporation stigmatized the image of the“citizen-judges” who were presumed to not have enough competences to render a Justice of quality. Hence, the access to this position was limited to graduated lawyers. The creation of a closeness justice is nowadays far from being achieved. Its organization produced a paradoxal phenomenon in which “juges de proximité” accomplish a more litigious justice than professional judges. This thesis aims to understand the social conditions leading to this paradox. The fieldwork consisted of interviews with “juges de proximité”, professional judges and court clerks; an intense work of observation of judicial hearings and an internship in the Small Court of Sète. The judges' integration is important to understand their stigmatization and the strategies used to overcome relational difficulties. The construction of identity is the result of a cognitive process of interpretation of court members' expectancies by the “juges de proximité”. They overperform their role by showing their legal competences in order to deviate the attention from their stigma. Through an ethnomethodological analysis, different methods employed by “juges de proximité” and professional judges are compared to understand how the work is accomplished in coordination with the court clerks. The comparison is extended to the work accomplished with lay people during judicial hearings. The employed techniques are described to reveal the way in which “juges de proximité” focus interactions in legal features, contrarily to professional judges. In conclusion, “juges de proximité” accomplish a more litigious justice, because they intend to demonstrate their legal knowledge to socialize, by relegating practical skills to accomplish the everyday work in courts. The sociology of judicial decision contribute to understand the concrete conditions and the secular concerns which guide the decision making process
Martin, Emmanuel. "Manager en dernier ressort : le travail de l'encadrement de proximité à EDF." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739382.
Full textLemonnier, Michel. "Le facteur de proximité dans la dynamique de l’organisation." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN1009.
Full textThis research has for object the study of the possible capacity of the management of an organization to lead a working collective towards a dynamics of adaptation and or change by optimizing the terms of a factor of closeness. This factor of closeness being the resultant of the influences of the individual characteristics of the actors in the context and the situations of work, the perception of the real-life experience of the individual characteristics according to contexts and working situations. In this perspective, the adaptation to the change is conceived in an interactive and evolutionary process which is not reduced to a mechanistic relation between the individual and the environment. Our work will highlight the fact that the management can build a process of influence on the perception by the employee of the purposes pursued by the company, on the perception by the employee of the existing links enters work of the operator its job and the global production of the organization, on the relation perceived between the individual or collective implication and the performance and the way she can be recognized by the management of the organization. If the employee’s perception of the environment can depend on the general conception that the employee has some work and some image which the employee has of himself or wishes to develop as nobody in the work, we shall highlight the essential variables of a factor of closeness. This factor of closeness which can exist only if the actor of the organization has knowledge of the general vocation and the production Of the organization, the general organization of the company in which he evolves, of the knowledge of the functioning of the information system, the system of communication, the process of evaluation of the contribution and the system of gratitude of the organization. This work thus approaches, under the angle of the psychological contract, the relation of the actor to the organization and the capacity of a management to be able to make her live so that possible the actor in the organization lives in a most realized way. We consider, indeed, that the subject is active and plural in its psychological construction and its socialization and de facto in the development of its relations with its working context. A psychological investigation of this research in a situation of extreme conflict constituted the starting point of a reflection then an investigation supported by a qualitative analysis. We underline the impact of the breach of the contract, often activated by a transformation in the environment of the work, as much on the individual as on its labour relation. The revealing of constituent elements of a factor of closeness would contribute to be able to join within the framework of a preventive logic, see curative as regards the membership of a working collective to the project of the organization. This membership allowing every actor to live at best the rapport which he will maintain to the psychological contract linking him to the organization
Miossec, Yvon. "Les instruments psychosociaux de la santé au travail : Le cas des managers de proximité de l'industrie électrique." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767405.
Full textMiossec, Yvon. "Les instruments psychosociaux de la santé au travail : Le cas des managers de proximité de l’industrie électrique." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CNAM0812/document.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the field of psychosocial risks at work. It reports how, in order to respond to the command of an international corporation of electrics industry, we entered the question of psychosocial risk at work, and how we managed to reverse the question. We ‘ve been studying, in a team managers’ group, the psychosocial tools used in order to build and maintain health at work. in the perspective of Clinic of Activity, we know firstly that the development of « power to act » in activity protects and promotes health at work, and secondly that the creation of new goals is a medium of this development. That is why , in this research project, we aimed to understand the creation process of new goals in activity, and we studied this process in a specific frame : in and by the way of dialogues about work activity among professional peers. Discourse analysis permit to identify three different processes, a language process and two psychological ones, that all participate to a renew of goals. Those processes are : 1) a new iteration, in the discourse, of a verbal statement taken from another discourse ; 2) the differentiation of goal’s origins ; and 3) the elaboration of new links between activities. Those issues allows us to define some of the significant properties of dialogue as a tool for health promotion between peers at work
Sanon, Priscille-Nice. "Travail de proximité dans des groupes de médecine de famille : la présence du pharmacien et la collaboration interprofessionnelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27925.
Full textPharmacists’ work in family medicine group (FMG) and their role in the management of clients with complex needs is an innovation in Quebec province whose have hardly been studied. The objectives were to assess the integration of pharmacists and to study the influence of their presence in these multidisciplinary care teams on interprofessional collaboration. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires (Pharmacist-Physician Collaborative Index (PPCI) and Team Climate Inventory (ICE)) with doctors (Md), pharmacists and other professionals inside and outside four FMGs in Quebec city. A thematic content analysis was performed for the interviews. Statistical analyzes describing collaboration, team climate and comparing different backgrounds and professionals were also carried out. We met 45 professionals (6 pharmacists (inside FMG), 13 MD, 11 others, 15 pharmacists (outside FMG). Pharmacists were working in FMG since a mean of 3.75 years. Interviews indicate that the successful integration of the pharmacist into FMG requires time and effort from the organization, pharmacists and other professionals, particularly with respect to understanding roles. The level of collaboration between doctors and pharmacists is high with lower scores on two dimensions (i.e. definition of roles and working relationships). Team climate is generally good with higher scores for FMGs having a focus on training (university affiliated). These results allow a better understanding of the integration of the pharmacist into family medicine groups and on the organizational impacts that these health professionals can have in primary care teams.
Puissant, Emmanuelle. "La relation associative d'aide à domicile : spécificités, remises en cause, résistances." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENE006.
Full textThis PHD thesis analyses the personal care aid, especially as developed in non-profit organizations. The aim of the first part is to build the research object. The first chapter recounts the slow development of personal care aid as an activity sector. The second chapter shows the difficult conditions of` care work. The third chapter analyses why the law to develop home care services, changed the whole sector of personal care aid. The second part develops some "conceptual tools" to enlighten the problems shown in the first part. In chapter 4, three types of relationships that exist in this sector are conceptualized-like a triangle: the service relationship, the employment relationship, and the work p relationship. The relationships that appear in this triangle in the context of non-profitmaking organizations are analyzed in chapter 5, considering that they are part of` a system. The goal of the third part is to analyze the stakes and the development of the sector of` non-profitmaking organizations, taking into account the three identified relationships. The chapter 6 shows why the work and employment relationships are inseparable. The chapter 7 analyzes how specific the work and service relationships are in the non-profit organizations in the field of personal aid care. In a moving context, chapter 8 deals with the necessary balance between the different relationships
Le, Bris Valérie. "La continuité des activités de production dans des systèmes postés discontinus : approche ergonomique des activités de relève de poste de l'encadrement de proximité." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20084.
Full textThis research is in line with the thematic of shift work schedules and their adjustment, specifically regarding the work activity carried out to assure the work continuity. Shift changeovers correspond to the periods during which a team replaces another in a shift work system. When the production is of a manufacture type, the changeovers are crucial for the good use of the means of production, for an appropriate realisation of the work, and for the insurance of the production continuity despite delay, cost, quality and security constraints. This thesis aim is to observe the line management changeover activities in an intermittent shift work situation which alternates between changeovers with or without meetings, and to highlight the different processes in use that contribute to the support and insurance of the industrial operations continuity. The changeover issue is tackled at the same time as a full-fledged object of study and as a mean of study of the used processes. The results were obtained from an ergonomic work analysis of aircraft final assembly-line supervisors. These results show that the line management changeover's importance is not yet sufficiently acknowledged; that the encounters facilitate information sharing both quantitatively and qualitatively for the mutual adjustement of representations; that the changeover activities are interlinked with line management activities; and finally that the development of the transmission content is situated and opportunist. At the end of this research work, the three-phase model of shift changeovers is discussed from the point of view of line management activity and solution principles are proposed. Thus is mentioned the fact that changeover processes are smothered in the line management continuous activity, and that to consider changeover as a limited moment of the global shift work process is reductive
Piney, Cécile. "Transformation de l'activité d'encadrement de proximité : que fait le pilotage par la performance à la "proximité" des cadres ? : Le cas d'une grande administration publique." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1022/document.
Full textSince the 2000s, France set up important policies of State reforms. The aim of these reforms is to modernize the French State management by refocusing this one on its missions' priority as to improve the service provided to the user and to reduce the public spending. These reforms have repercussions on all the actors, in particular on the first-line managers. Between their hierarchy which sets goals of performance and their teams which “do” the work, these first-line managers translate day-to-day the objectives into concrete missions.In order to understand this balanced posture and its consequences on the activity and on the health of managers, this thesis is interested in the activity of the Head office of the Public finances' first-line managers. This administration was created in 2008 and joins in the line of New Public Management. This kind of managers is from the two former sectors which existed before the merger: the respective cultures differ in the approach of performance-based management and the relation to the agents. In an administration in permanent change, the first-line managers are pulled by contradictory orders. This kind of orders questions constantly the positioning towards the hierarchy and supervised team, towards objectives of performance and living conditions at work, towards logics of technical skill and managerial logics. Although the multidisciplinary literature – sciences of management, sociology, psychology – is extensive in particular on the role and the positioning of the first-line managers, the contents of their work are few approached. In ergonomics, some researches on the work of the first-line managers are rather interested in the analysis of working situations. For our part, we suggest analyzing this activity under the prism of the careers (Gaudart & Ledoux, 2013). These careers represent a succession of jobs or functions and a working course with an increase of real-life time (Molinié, Gaudart & Pueyo, 2012) which points at the experience's roles. Our two objectives are to understand how the work transformations impact on the first-line managers' activity and how the experience can be a resource to realize this activity, in particular to regulate the couple closeness / distances by these managers.Our strategy of research combines five methods: the analysis of an existing “space of dialogue” plan and its contents, interviews of the careers' reconstruction, observations of the 14 managers' activity, auto-confrontations from the tracks of the activity, and the organization of reflexive workshops
Magrini, Marie-Benoît. "Mobilité géographique des jeunes en insertion professionnelle, entre distance et proximité territoriale : contribution à l'étude de l'impact de la migration sur le rendement salarial et l'attractivité des territoires." Toulouse 1, 2006. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/685/.
Full textThis research presents an economic analysis of internal migration from a young workers sample established on the French young population who finished their studies in 1998 (survey “Génération 98” of the Céreq, a French Institute). Spatial mobility is observed as the distance run from their local place at the end of their studies to the local place of the job occupied three years later. The first and last places observed correspond to French local labor market called “Zone d'Emploi”. We study the individual parameters into the migration decision and its consequence on wage. Spatial job search and capital human theories are used to explain migration decision. According to these theories we show that migrants must receive a benefit from migration in order to compensate the migration costs even if migrants entail a negative selection bias. We test this assumption on data and observe that the very high skilled are positively auto-selected and do not receive a benefit specially for migration costs. Although the other young migrants who are negatively auto-selected benefit from migration to compensate their migration costs. This study suggest an additional parameter into the migration decision linked to a spatial proximity effect in destination choice. This is revealed through an aggregate migration model
Avril, Christelle. "S'approprier son travail au bas du salariat : les aides à domicile pour personnes âgées." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0047.
Full textThis research is focused on a population of female workers who provide homecare for the elderly in a small wealthy town of the Paris area. We analyse their orientation to work, but we are also able to capture the structure of social relations at work, both in terms of class and ethnic relations. This research is mainly based on a field work but it also involves a quantitative survey and a socio-historical investigation. By combining with great precision social assets and occupational assets, it reveals the existence of two distinct occupational and social groups in the population of homecarers : white females from "respectable working class", and lower class females, either white born on the soil or immigrants from Africa or the West lndies with sorne education but deprived of family connexions in continental France
Codo, Sylvie. "Le stress professionnel des managers intermédiaires et des managers de proximité : une application au secteur public." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR1010/document.
Full textThe objective of this research is to study the organizational and individual factors who affect manager’s stress in the public sector. The results reveal the role of age, type of organization and hierarchical level in stress perception. Then, the result confirm, on the one hand, the direct influence of role tension, perceived social support from superiors and subordinate and work engagement on perceived stress. They show, on the other hand, inequality of stress perception depending on the size of these variables. Finally, they reveal that the role of perceived stress attenuator attributed to perceived social support under role tensions is not fully validated. It plays this role only for the local managers and in some specific situations. The exacerbation of the role of perceived stress assigned to the emotion-focused coping strategy of self accusation under role tensions is partially verified among public managers
Perrin, Marie-Annick. "Les emplois familiaux : les nouveaux contours du salariat." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE29060.
Full textDomestic employment is by definition atypical. Can working as home helps represent an opportunity for unskilled, middle-aged women, with exhausting professional and personal lives and who in addition did not work for a long time ? The purpose of this research is to answer this practical question. It puts forward a gender-orientated viewpoint, since women hold 98% of such jobs, It then puts into perspective the social logic behind such jobs, which originates in the ideas of domestic staff; working as a means of social integration an the development of services ; the various public policies implemented in relation to these jobs and finally personal stories. In a second part, on the basis of the empirical study, it tries to delineate a new kind of employees that suffer from a lack of job security and moral isolation in any work situation a moral isolation exemplifield in the Validation des acquis de l'Expérience which makes it possible for someone to get a qualification without having been trained. It is my contention that adopting a collective approach in the form of tentative, original experiences is the only way of refusing such jobs to evade labour law
Montplaisir, Lynda. "Valeurs des acteurs organisationnels de proximité et pratiques de gestion de l'absence et du retour au travail des personnes à la suite d'un congé en raison d'un problème de santé mentale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27866/27866.pdf.
Full textFeng, Min. "Mieux comprendre les réponses des managers de proximité face au techno-stress : une perspective critique." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3017.
Full textThe ubiquitous use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) can create "techno-stress". The general purpose of this thesis is to examine the case of the specificity of the techno-stress phenomenon in the proximity managers, to understand the responses of the proximity managers on techno-stress, to analyze the adaptation strategies that are considered. The initial question is how proximity managers manage their ICT portfolio in a techno-stress environment? To better answer to this question, we are building on this thesis by three items comprehension studies and adaptation infringement on managing ICT portfolio among managers: 1) first phase, we examine the case of the specificity of the techno-stress by proximity managers in a quantitative approach. 2), second phase, we establish an analysis with a view to identify adaptation strategies infringement by proximity managers to face the techno-stress. A multiple case study on three representative companies set up 3), in the final phase, we ensure to understand the effects of infringement coping strategies to fight against techno-stress in post-adoption perspective and under a context of intervention research. These three phases of analysis tie together the effects of techno-stress, understanding PM's responses to techno-stress and analyzing post-adoption interactional adaptation strategies with a critical perspective
Adjaoud-Lankri, Ferroudja. "Garde d'enfants au domicile des parents." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/181526417#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textNowadays in France, finding the right childcarer is not easy for parents (especially mothers) having heavy responsabilities in their jobs. The most practical solution is to find a person working at home. This work anthropologically deals about female foreigners pertaining to various cultures and origins, often fleeing the poverty of their home countries. Some don't know enough French, are irregular residents and work illegally without knowing their rights. What are their relationships with their employers and their behavior with the children they keep? How does they consider their own job? The lack of monitoring in this kind of job makes true the aphorism that "might makes right". Why does French society consider this job necessary while despising it? I wanted to explore the intimate universe of those women, to blame the attitude of some parents toward them and the non-respect of law, and to focus on their suffering and their consequences on children. French woman work hard and under pressure, with anxiety and stress, which seriously affects their health. What remains for their children? The contempt keeps on existing nowadays but in a different manner: contemptuous language used by parents and professionals, the poorly defined status of this sector of activity, a teaching having nothing to do with reality. Society does not recognize the skills employees may have gotten in their home countries
Rochefeuille, Yohann. "Pôles de compétitivité, transferts de connaissances et dynamiques territoriales : une analyse du pôle Systematic Paris-Région." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA052/document.
Full textThe competitiveness clusters (“pôles de compétitivité”), labeled in 2005 by the French government, aredesigned to support collaborative research and development (R&D) projects. Their originality is that theylead multiple organizations (companies, universities, research laboratories, etc.) geographically close toeach other to cooperate in order to generate innovations. Is geographical proximity a necessary condition forthe proper coordination of innovation activities in competitiveness clusters? This thesis aims to deepen theunderstanding of collaborative dynamics in R&D projects, in particular by focusing on non-spatial forms ofproximity (institutional, organizational, cognitive and social). Our field of inquiry is the competitiveness clusterSystematic Paris-Region over the period 2005-2015. We propose to analyze the territorial dynamics of thecluster, based on the study of the spatial evolution of cooperations, as well as the evolution of the positioningof organizations in collaborative R&D networks. These studies represent the construction and analysis ofmore than four million data. They involve the concepts and methods of networks theory, as well as principalcomponent analysis (PCA). In addition, 57 interviews with scientific and technical managers and 3 interviewswith employees of the competitiveness cluster enabled us to clarify the dynamics of proximity at work in thecollaborative projects of Systematic Paris-Region cluster
Carol, Nathalie. "Le rôle des managers de proximité dans la fabrique du sens stratégique à l’Office National des Forêts : les effets des frontières sur le travail d’influence des pratiques de martelage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0041.
Full textTo support the growth of a promising sector and improve its financial situation, the National Forestry Office (ONF) adopted a new roadmap for the period 2016-2020, focusing primarily on increasing wood supply. However, this strategic focus, which is based on sustainable production, comes up against a patrimonial vision of forest management inherited from a multi-century-old administration, the Eaux et Forêts (Water and Forests). The weight of tradition may explain an intensity of harvesting that remains below the estimated productivity of ecosystems and the objectives set out in previous roadmaps. This calls for an examination of the ONF's capacity to adapt to meet the demands of a changing environment. In a practical approach to strategy, hammering practices can be a possible entry point for explaining and understanding how the ONF's wood supply strategy is formed and implemented in the field. Hammering consists of marking with hammer hits or traces of paint the trees that will be cut by logging workers. This technical act directly influences the volumes of wood put on the market. Hammering is carried out by relatively autonomous professionals who work under the responsibility of middle managers. Middle managers are considered as key actors of change. Based on the sensemaking theory, I show how middle managers can seek through interactions to influence the meaning behind hammering practices. However, these interactions are conditioned by the symbolic, social, physical and temporal boundaries that structure the practices. These boundaries are not fixed but may potentially evolve in the daily actions and interactions. This movement can be driven by middle managers and understood through the concept of boundary work. The influential work of middle managers consists then in working on the boundaries to influence practices towards increased wood supply. This leads to examine a potential change at the ONF through two questions: what are the effects of boundaries on the work of influencing practices of hammering? How do middle managers work on boundaries to influence practices?To answer these questions, an ethnographic case study was conducted in the Great East region. The data collected over nearly two years show that the boundaries that structure hammering practices strongly constrain the interactions needed to influence practices. These boundary effects have led the middle managers to create “free spaces” that provide more favourable conditions to interact and to influence the practices towards increased wood supply. Three main theoretical contributions arise from this study. First, taking boundaries into account in the influential work of middle managers allows us to shed light on the conditions of sensegiving, which Maitlis and Lawrence (2007) have long been calling for. The results obtained then make it possible to enrich the concept of ecology of spaces. Spaces of freedom are used to inform and influence the "front stage" spaces in which practices are carried out or in which boundaries are defined. Finally, this study invites a discussion on two aspects of the theory of sensemaking, that of resources and that of temporality.The results of this study lead to managerial recommendations aimed at increasing the influence of middle managers and promoting wood supply. These recommendations consist of several measures such as redynamizing work exchanges by opening spaces of discussion and using technical language to influence hammering practices
Roche, Alexis. "Reconnaissance et performance : proposition du concept de reconnaissance activatrice et d'un modèle intégrateur." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30011/document.
Full textRecognition affects every one in a lot of situation. Because it’s semantic complexity, the concept is not easy to clearly define and use it. Miscellaneous branches as : Philosophy, psychology, Sociology, Biology or Anthropology, are wondering by this concept of recognition. This concept is still used more and more by the Management Sciences. This period is marked by development of multiculturalism, the appearance of economic crisis, an increase of impersonal management of the human being and a loss of work sense. So, researchers and practitioners are thinking about the way over to set forth right recognition rules and about the costs created by the defects of recognition at work. Indeed, it becomes a necessity to place Man into the heart of the work and secure a mutual respect between the various actors, hierarchical or not.This research object is emerging in the field of Management Sciences. However, it is the basis of currents events, especially concerning the diversity management and the social responsibility. So, the subject is really at the focal point of moral stakes. Facing the impacts sourced by the depersonalization into the working organizations, more and more people from the bottom to the top of theirs hierarchy are questioning on the social and economic stakes coming from missing recognition and recognition management. This thesis aims at to place in an obvious position the strong links existing between recognition and performance, especially when the organizations want sustainable socioeconomic performances.The first part of the thesis clarify the abstract and methodological bases of these investigations and set out our experimentations fields. The recognition concept is approached under a polysemic and interdisciplinary angle. The justification of the methodology, the exploitation of more than 400 interviews from 12 organizations with the whole employee’s grades and the study of two longitudinal cases testify the robustness of the research work.The second part explain the socially constructed origin of recognition according to the history of each person. It analyzes its perceptive and symbolical aspects. We propose a list of the system of recognition and make an inventory of several transverse factors acting upon the recognition perceptions and their impacts on the feelings of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. At last, we study the influence of three variables : the organization size, the hierarchical level and the business branch, upon the recognition expectations.The third part analyzes two longitudinal cases and establishes links between recognition and performance. We estimate the costs connected to the bad practices in recognition and to the lack of recognition. We categorize two dialectical recognition systems into the organizations and bring results according to these practices. At last, we suggest some possibilities for a recognition enhancement aiming to develop sustainable socioeconomic performances by the elaboration of concept : « activating recognition »
Bossard, Suzy. "Précariat et rapports sociaux dans les métiers de service aux personnes : les auxiliaires de vie scolaire (AVS) dans l'Éducation nationale." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12009.
Full textThe dissertation focuses on the special needs assistants (AVS) profession, occupation which consists in helping disabled children during school time. It questions both the specific forms of work and employment of the AVS that have been organized and implemented in France since 2003. The analysis is carried at the micro, meso and macrosocial level, and it is multidimensional, focusing on public policies, recruitment, career-path, effective and assigned task content, and mobilization. Three types of sociology are used to carry the analysis: people care, precariat and social relationships. The study is based on an ethnographic survey carried on two different observation fields and which relies on observations, interviews and on administrative and legislative documents. It is shown that the AVS profession takes its roots in a social and sexual work division of care, and that it contributes to the expansion of precariat. More specifically, we draw three main conclusions. First, work and employment conditions form a system: neither can be fully understood without the other. Then, special needs assistants belong to the field of people care: it both structures and is structured by a sexual division of work through which women are assigned to people care tasks. Finally, the third result is a contribution to the precariat concept: it is shown that precariat renews a servile class through people care jobs and through the specific form of employment that are associated to it
Ruiller, Caroline. "LE SOUTIEN SOCIAL AU TRAVAIL: CONCEPTUALISATION, MESURE ET INFLUENCE SUR L'EPUISEMENT PROFESSIONNEL ET L'IMPLICATION ORGANISATIONNELLE : L'ETUDE D'UN CAS HOSPITALIER." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523398.
Full textMaze, Amélie. "L’action sociale de proximité à l’épreuve du non-recours : une analyse du changement dans l'action sociale locale à travers le prisme du non-recours." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALH020.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand the institutionnalisation of non-take-up of social benefits by a territorial authority in Ile-de-France. Based on an empirical study, realised from 2014 and 2018, within a County Council, it reports on different processes : formalization of the question, development and implementation of concrete actions. This institutionnalisation is observed in regards to the changes it provides, within the organisation and among its partners. These changes concern work organisation of the institution, professional practices of public officials, social devices, and organising the local partners network. The perspective of the analysis also reports on local social action transformations
Drine, Abdelhakim. "Le choix de compétences dans le contrat de travail international." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO22013.
Full textIn international contracts of employment, the parties’ will is significantly enhanced by the choice of competences through the insertion of clauses referring to the competent law or competent judge (private or public). But the eligibility for this voluntary exemption to applicable natural competences requires formal and substantial conditions. Indeed, the disequilibrium that inherently characterizes the employment relationship calls for a strict scrutiny. Assuring the choice made by the weaker thus necessitates protective mechanisms. The intervention of mandatory rules of the place where the employee habitually carries out his work allows the achievement of the aforementioned objective. This is done so by the application of two alternative criteria, in either the law that is the most favourable law to his interests or the law that is most closely connected to the particular situation
Lefebvre, Marion. "Qualité(s) de l’emploi dans les services à la personne : entre régulations publiques et professionnelles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12016/document.
Full textHome care and personal services are heavily supported by economic and social policies in France. What is the quality of these jobs? Are there different forms of job quality in this heterogeneous group of activities? How are “quality compromises” built? How are they legitimated? These are the essential questions addressed in this thesis. In order to answer these issues, we study the progressive construction of public and professional regulations which contribute to shape jobs and their characteristics. The structuring of professional relationships is more particularly analysed on the basis of a qualitative survey carried out among people in charge of bargaining collective agreements. The interpretive lens used in the analysis of empirically observed forms of job quality is derived from this first historical and social framing. A second, epistemological and theoretical framing, aims at pointing out the way through which the concept of “job quality” is approached in the thesis. Job quality is investigated in its multiple economic and social dimensions (remuneration, job security, working conditions...) through an approach based on the gaps to the mean of French job standards. The use and treatment of statistical data based on two national surveys emphasizes that these deviations from the norm tend to be cumulative on several dimensions in personal services. “Cumulative constraints at work” is thus important, but situations are heterogeneous. We then demonstrate the coexistence of a plurality of job quality configurations embedded in public and professional regulations
Dahan, Alison. "Les services à la personne." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30059.
Full textWidely supported by public authorities these last years, the human services sector is rapidly growing. Indeed, by social policies as by economic environment, human services quickly grow. The subject of thesis, entitled “human services “, was not voluntarily restricted to be able to give a global approach of the sector. The development of human services answers the evolutions of the society and is carried by different governmental measures. The study will be shot to the employers of the human services sector and aims at returning an accurate image of the legal questions to the point of view labor law. It is useful to define which rules must be applied in functions of the various types of employers and the proposed services. The question of the workers of the sector and their specificities, both with regard to the labor law and to the social welfare, must be treated too. The purpose of thesis is proposing an accurate and complete image of the human services sector
Ilama, Ilda Ilse. "GRH et service à la personne.Qualité de l'emploi, implication organisationnelle et engagement au travail des aides à domicile : représentations et pratiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20039/document.
Full textThis research focuses on the problem of human resources management structuring in the field of home care services. The main proposal of this thesis is that, the evaluation of work quality (representations and practices) connected to work commitment and job involvement of home care employees, influence widely human resources management and its performance in this sector. We initially conducted a literature review in the sector of person-toperson services, we focused on the home care service activities. Then, we analysed the various key concepts: employment quality, work commitment and job involvement. Psychological contract and “care” theories were also mobilized within the framework of the employment relations. Then we successively carried out two qualitative studies using semi-directing interviews with the employees and managers of the sector. We analysed the data using two software (Nvivo and Tropes).We noted a heterogeneity of work quality representations. Although some positive elements were raised, a number of areas in people's representations are still unclear. The practices are not always convergent; a limited scope was noted particularly in the financing of employee's trainings. These two types of actors who were questioned do not have the same perception. Work commitment and job involvement of the employees in this sector are not based on classical criteria compared to the other fields. In the area of home care of elderly, the conscientiousness of Home Help aides is crucial and relies on interpersonal skills. The emotional ties developed between Home Help aides and users; involve more sense of responsibility and the development of a kind of competence feeling. In this research, all these elements give certain legitimacy to the “care” theory
Marbot, Claire. "Les services à la personne en France : étude descriptive et trois évaluations de politique publique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0028.
Full textThis thesis provides a descriptive study and three essays on public policy evaluation about household services. The first chapter describes the main characteristics of household services workers and of households who use these services and their evolution. After a review of the available data, we study in particular the workers' plurality of jobs, the evolution of the use of in-home services “on the black market” and female activity in households who use these services. The two following chapters aim at evaluating the effect of two tax programs on the use of affected households : the implementation of the tax reduction in 1991 and the 2007 reform which partially turned it into a tax credit. The last chapter examines the effect on mothers‘ activity of a rise in childcare subsidies, which was implemented in France in 2004 as a part of the so-called “PAJ E” reform. To conduct these public policy evaluations wich use survey data and tax data, we rely on the econometric methods of “matching” and “difference-in-differences”, along with a combination of these two methods
Coutarel, Fabien. "La prévention des troubles musculo-squelettiques en conception : quelles marges de manœuvre pour le déploiement de l'activité ?" Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00821248.
Full textOuld, Younes Salah. "Les emplois salariés dans les services à la personne : trois applications microéconométriques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E020/document.
Full textThis dissertation aims to carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of wage employment in the sector of services to individuals by using individual data. The introduction and the first chapter describe the sector of services to individual and the economic and social issues. In the three subsequent chapters it presents three microeconometric trials.In chapter two, we present intrinsic motivation of employees in authorised organizations for services to individua (OASP), depending on whether the organization is for-profit or non-profit. This motivation is mainly focused among workers erning a gross salary above 1.6 times the minimum wage. ln chapter 3, the study of the factors that determine the transitions of employees to steady employment highlights that these factors affect those employees differently according to the characteristics of their work, especially the multi-active and mono-active feature. Finally, chapter 4 consists of evaluating the reduction policy of 15 points in employers' social security contributions favoring individual employers who report the actual wages. This public policy positively affects domestic employment. In terms of methodology, this dissertation implements three different econometric models: a switching model regression (chapter 2), a competing risks model (chapter 3), and, finally, the classical method of differences-in-differences (chapter 4)
Boudra, Leila. "Durabilité du travail et prévention en adhérence : le cas de la dimension territoriale des déchets dans l’activité de tri des emballages ménagers." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2171/document.
Full textThis thesis is a part of the studies carried out on organizational dynamics regarding occupational risks prevention, led in particular in the French National Institute for Research and Safety (INRS). The key issue is to put forward terms and conditions of prevention which take into account the work realities and industrial realities.From interventions carried out in five waste sorting centres for household packaging, in a context of industrialization of the waste recycling sector, this research aims to better understand the work of sorting operator, in order to determine vectors for actions in prevention. The waste sorting centres are productive entities, part of green business sector, where industrial challenges carry two major dimensions of sustainable development: territoriality and social sustainability.The method that we chose aims to put forward an objectification of the waste sorting operator’s work activity, taking into account the specifics of this sector, in the prospect of a sustainable prevention. To do so, an analysis of the work activity, according to the ergonomics work analysis method (EWA) was conducted, complete by several confrontation tools used with workers, both individually and collectively.The results showed that waste sorting centres are production sites located in a specific territorial context. Workers have to manage the production while taking into account the limits of their technical system, faced with waste as a territorialized object. Waste comes from separate households’ collection and is brought in the centre for the purpose of being sorted. It has territorialized characteristics, depending on specific territorial economical and social factors. Additionally, political factors regarding choices in terms of waste collecting and sorting, factors related to the consumption pattern and households’ lifestyle on the territory, factors related to the morphological features of the territory, and related to territorial attractiveness are also considered. However, this dimension is not taken into account during both the waste sorting centres design phase and the implementation of prevention strategies. The national testing phase for an extension of waste sorting instructions that we contributed to led to, argue that a disconnection was taking place between the characteristics of the technical system and the characteristics of the territory. This disconnection may lead to work intensification, directly impacting work sustainability.These results allow us to put forward two directions for actions in prevention in order to contribute to the design of sustainable sorting work systems. The first aims to better identify the coordination between actors belonging to different decision-making levels: some internal stakeholders, within the sorting centres, and external actors, on a territorial scale. To achieve this goal, the field of ergonomics has been shifted to mobilize theoretical frameworks originating from other disciplinary approaches, as proximity economics. This shifting aims to better take into account the requirements of industrial realities, and to produce mechanisms mobilizing these actors to satisfy the need for an effective transformation of work situations. The second direction aspire to put forward recommendations for the design of technical and organizational plastic systems, i.e. systems which leave sufficient rooms of manoeuver, factor for operators’ health, and that make work systems more efficient. The contributions of this thesis lead to develop an approach of prevention « in connection » which articulate the essential requirements of a regulatory prevention, and the industrial realities of the productive organization, for which three requirements have been identified: (i) develop the prevention problem from the knowledge co-production with workers, (ii) articulate work and industrial performance requirements, (iii) including prevention into territorialized industrial projects
Guyonnet-Greau, Anne Picherot Georges. "Evaluation d'un travail de prévention médico-sociale en périnatalité au sein d'une maternité de proximité exemple de la maternité d'Ancenis /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/MEDguyonnet.pdf.
Full textTrabut, Loïc. "Nouveaux salariés, nouveaux modèles : le maintien à domicile des personnes âgées dépendantes." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656226.
Full textBernardin, Hélène. "La responsabilité des constructeurs de voirie et réseaux divers (état des lieux et perspectives)." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN20019/document.
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Aoun, Clara. "Le développement de l’employabilité sur le territoire : visions prospectives sur les métiers en tension : cas des services à la personne." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC002.
Full textThe current labor market context is characterized by asymmetry. Indeed, there is a strong demand for hiring in jobs in short-staffed, but which nevertheless have difficulties to recruit; attract and retain employees. For example, the “human care services” professions are experiencing difficulties in attracting staff due to a negative social image and bad working conditions. The shortage of skills, particularly cross-functional skills, is another problem for recruitment in the human services professions. Finally, some people are weakened and unable to become responsible for their employability. These observations lead us to question employability and its ecosystem. Indeed, the ecosystem is changing its configuration and moving towards partnership and territorial governance. Companies in the same area are coming together to pool their resources and means. Local players are mobilizing to find better Human Resources management solutions in the face of the economic and social crises being felt. Our thesis aims at identifying the real employability issues as well as the levers of development on the territory. We are interested in how Regional Human Resources Management can be at the service of employability for jobs in short-staffed. Our research is based on a qualitative study of the territorial ecosystem of employment in a rural territory. We have chosen to study the “human care services” professions in the territory of "Coeur de Nacre". Following a prospective research-intervention, we carried out a data collection via 79 semi-structured interviews (36 job seekers, 11 “human care services” companies, 6 elected officials of the territory, 26 training and employment actors). We conducted 8 observations and 7 workshops. Our thesis revealed employability problems linked to a non-attractivity of “human care services” jobs, a lack of skills and motivation. Other obstacles were added such as lack of orientation and problems related to transportation. The results lead us to rethink the configuration of the employment ecosystem by proposing 4 prospective scenarios. These scenarios reveal the importance of reinforcing the role of the proximity territory as the central link in Regional Human Resources Management. They reveal the importance of working on self and jobs discovery and on profession’s bridges to promote transferability
Case, Robert B. "The role of proximity in reducing auto travel| Using VMT to identify key locations for development, from downtown to the exurbs." Thesis, Old Dominion University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3569941.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to discover the VMT impact of each level of proximity in order to help government identify key locations for housing development, and thereby lower VMT and reduce dependence on foreign oil. By discovering the VMT impact of each level of proximity, this dissertation provides a) the first known means of calculating the proximity-based VMT benefit of subject locations by individual proximity level, and b) the new finding that it is likely that high VMT benefit can be achieved at moderate proximity levels acceptable to many households, enabling representative governments to be politically successful while promoting housing in locations that will lower the average VMT of the population.
After discussing the impetus for the work, this dissertation presents a theory of the determinants of VMT, searches the literature for appropriate techniques for empirical analysis of the proximity-VMT relationship, and presents results of the empirical research to be expected based on the presented theory and literature.
Empirical efforts are used to discover VMT impact by proximity level using three differing measures of proximity: density, distance-threshold-based total opportunities, and centrality. In the first effort, national data is used to discover VMT impact by proximity level, for both population and employment density. In order to determine the role played by alternative modes in the VMT-density curves of the first effort, the second effort uses national data to discover the impact of each level of density on usage of alternative modes. In the third and final effort, data from Hampton Roads, Virginia, are used to discover the VMT impact of each level of opportunity and centrality.
Governments can apply the discovered VMT impact of each level of proximity—via a described "VMT Benefit Technique"—to accurately determine the VMT benefit of a given location, and use the VMT benefits of a set of candidate areas to select key locations for development.
In addition, the discovered VMT impact of each level of proximity informs the key hypothesis of this dissertation that there exists a sweet spot on the VMT-proximity curve that has high VMT benefit and a proximity level acceptable to many households. Although the hypothesis tests indicate that it is not certain that the sweet spot exists, the mean coefficients of the models indicate that it is likely that the sweet spot exists, i.e. that there are high-VMT-benefit proximity levels acceptable to many households. The overall implication of this is that representative governments in the U.S. who promote housing development at these moderate levels of proximity will not only lower average VMT in the short term, but they will not be punished politically for doing so, and therefore may be successful in thereby lowering average VMT in the long term.
In summary, the dissertation provides encouragement to governments hoping to lower average VMT and an accurate method of calculating VMT for choosing SGAs with which to actually lower average VMT. It is hoped that this combination will help U.S. governments become independent of foreign oil.
Bouthillier, Marie-Eve. "Santé publique, réduction des méfaits et travail de proximité : les problèmes éthiques d'intervenants montréalais." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17220.
Full textTremblay, Hugo. "Le don et ses impacts dans la création et le maintien des liens sociaux en travail de proximité à Saguenay." Thèse, 2015. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3314/1/Tremblay_uqac_0862N_10128.pdf.
Full textDumas, Jean. "Étude exploratoire mixte des processus de la communication pour la santé dans le contexte du travail de proximité d'Action Séro Zéro." Thèse, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4029/1/D2171n.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Sabrina. "Processus d’empowerment communautaire dans le cadre d’un projet de développement local en santé de proximité : le cas de la MRC Robert-Cliche et de sa coopérative de santé." Thèse, 2017. http://constellation.uqac.ca/4385/1/Tremblay_uqac_0862D_10384.pdf.
Full textHong, Sujin active 2008. "Transit proximity and trip-making characteristics : a study of 2007 Chicago metropolitan region travel tracking survey." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22376.
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Fortin-Lacasse, Katerine. "Environnement bâti et transport actif scolaire : le cas des écoles de proximité de la région de Montréal." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2893.
Full textPurpose The proportion of children actively commuting to school has decreased significantly but few studies have investigated factors that might affect school mobility. This research examines the influence of a wide range of factors (such as urban form characteristics, parent’s travel behaviours and parental perceptions) on school travel behaviour for children who live near school. Methods The Tracy McMillan’s conceptual framework of an elementary-aged child’s trip to school was used. We objectively measured environmental attributes of three urban neighbourhoods and three suburban neighbourhoods in Montreal metropolitan area. Data of the Groupe de recherche Ville et mobilité regarding children trips to school, parental perceptions and parents’ travel behaviours were analysed. Results A high proportion of children are actively commuting to school in the three urban neighbourhoods and in one suburban neighbourhood. Connectivity for pedestrians and cyclists and positive parental perception of school active transportation are positively associated with high proportion of walking and biking to school in these four neighbourhoods. Conclusion Suburban neighbourhoods support active transportation only for children whereas urban neighbourhoods support active transportation for children and parents. Attributes of built environment in urban neighbourhoods seem to have a positive effect on parental perceptions and behaviours regarding walking and biking for school trips.