Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Travail du bois – Industrie et commerce'
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Kibamba, Jean-Christian. "Les effets des activités de la filière bois sur le milieu naturel : perception des problèmes dans les entreprises lorraines du bois." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21020.
Full textThe industrial transformation generates pollution and nuisances. Like all industries, wood industry generates during its various stages of the manufacturing and of the treatment of wood material, different kinds of polluting agents which spread through the nature in differents states : as a solid (different discards), as liquid (chemical products having the polluting agents) as a gaz (any gaz more or less dangerous. The wood industry is also face the increasing of the contestations from people living not for from its installations and chiefly from public opinion. Norvadays, many rules are required to its various installations; others will be applied on the products deriving from the wood industry, which must respect some ecological criteria exacted by various regulations which tend to control industrial activity and the necessity to protect the environment. To understand very well the risks of pollution generated by the wood industry in the environment, and also to know the attitude of the industrialists facing these problems, an requiry in the industrial middle allows us to knom the state of the industrial plants and the reason of the main problems of environment or the problem capable to be faced in different sectors of the wood industry. The importance of the nuisances depends very often on the size of the enterprises and on theirs production process. What is worth saying is that in Lorraine, the pollution caused by wood industry is weak. This is due by the dispersion of the industrial installations, the slight use of chemical products, the adaptation and the progressive modernization of the industrial tissue. Yes, somme problems still exist. They concern chiefly noise, the using of discards produced by chemical products and the best control of the installation of wood combustion
Gauvent, Marc. "Optimisation de la durée de vie d'un outil de coupe pour l'industrie du bois : analyse et compréhension des modes d'usure : mise au point de solutions innovantes avec tests industriels." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/SCD_T_2006_0215_GAUVENT.pdf.
Full textFor each kind of production, the tool's wear can make important consequences on her. Wear is a common subject through the industry, and this phenomenon mastering always makes an advancement for entreprises who are interested in. This work deals with the wear phenomenon decomposition between different processable studies in order to permit a study and a global comprehension of this complex phenomenon. That's why we decided to separate the general cutting hedge general wear in wood industry second transformation between two parts : corrosion and abrasion. According to the wood material and his cutting specificities, the corrosion study was made by an electrochemistry test adaptation whereas the abrasion one needed the creation of a specific testing stand : TEEMO. To complete this study, we carried out experiments on generated temperature during the machining process. Through all this project, the results validates the departure theories i. E. Corrosion and abrasion have interaction to generate the cutting hedge global wear. With the sights of this work, the chemical composition of the cutting material is a factor as important as the material mechanic properties against the wear
Pinta, François. "Développement méthodologique pour la valorisation bois d'oeuvre d'une ressource forestière donnée : développement d'un outil d'aide à la décision et étude de cas au Cameroun." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10175.
Full textPrieur, Anne. "Les ressources forestières : produits du bois, usages énergétiques, capture et stockage du carbone." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12871.
Full textLe, Net Elisabeth. "La transformation du système productif russe depuis la Perestroi͏̈ka : le cas du complexe forêt-bois." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT4004.
Full textSince 1992, Russia has supposedly experimented a transition that is to say a shift from a planned economy to a market economy. There was agreement among economists on the reforms to undertake (macroeconomics stabilisation and privatisation) ; the open debate concerned only the pace and the sequencing of reforms. Those approaches offered in fact a limited analysis of the productive system included in a deterministic vision of the changes and in a perspective of a break-up. We propose through a study of the forest-wood sector, a re-reading of measures taken in Russia by using the traditionnal outline of the Industrial Economics. Our aim is to draw the theoretical bases of the transition, the levels of measures and their limits. We offer another analysis in order to investigate the transformation of a productive sub-system, in this case the forest-wood Complex. It comes out that the path way of the forest-wood Complex is rather specific due to wew actors (financial industrial groups, new Russian elite, ministerial spin-offs, associations, etc. ) who keep up unstable networks and react to reforms. This pathway contrasts with those analyzed by studies on other natural resources in the Russian Federation. We conclude that Russa is going neither towards a sustainable forest management, nor that it can get a major position on the world wood market
Cadieux, Pierre. "Sociétaire gouvernemental dominant et adaptation stratégique : le cas de l'industrie du bois de sciage au Québec." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX32038.
Full textThe vision of the firm has been modified over the years to include an increasing number of stakeholders. This new vision has allowed us to observe the fact that the government was the most influential stakeholder due to the means at its disposal to influence the rule of the game. This study shows that in the presence of a domineering governmental stakeholder the firm has developed economic, social and political strategies
Tripodi, Dominique. "Facteurs pronostiques et marqueurs tumoraux de l'adénocarcinome de l'ethmoïde." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=82de0e22-227b-4427-b8c3-d56f13e55fa9.
Full textEthmoid adenocarcinoma, due mainly to wood dust exposure, is the second occupational cancer in France. On a retrospective study about 98 patients recovered from 1987 to 2004, we concluded that global survival rate was 62% at 5 years and was infuenced by exphtalmus, diplopia, TNM stage, local extension to dura and to sphenoid, macroscopic and microscopic control (p<0. 001), cribriform plate surgery (p=0. 0294). Cox model isolated four influencing factors : diplopia (p=0. 0159), orbit extension (p=0. 0113), bilateral extension (0. 00113), TNM stage (p<0. 001). Survival rate was not influenced by duration of exposure to wood dust; nevertheless, total tobacco consumption (pack. Years) could influence survival rate (p=0. 0004). The second study was prospective: 26 patients who had presented ethmoid adenocarcinoma were analyzed. In an attempt to identify genes involved in this disease, we proceeded to a gene expression profiling using cancer-dedicated microarrays, on nine matched samples of sinonasal adenocarcinomas and non tumoral sinonasal tissue. LGALS4 was highly up-regulated, particularly in the most differentiated tumors, and CLU was lost in all tumors. After further evaluation, LGALS4 and CLU may be useful for an earlier detection of cancer in high-risk woodworkers, using sinonasal smear
Martin, Patrick. "Etude du comportement des poutres lamellées clouées boulonnées en flexion." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003306.
Full textNsi, Be Rolie. "Organisation de la formation et perception de l’identité professionnelle : le cas des formations des métiers du bois au Gabon." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3067.
Full textGabon, since 2010, has banned the export of logs. Through this decision, the government encourages the processing of wood in the country before it is exported. This to raise the issue of availability of trained manpower in training institutions to transform the wood locally. Structures exist in sufficient numbers for the second transformation where companies are more artisanal than industrial and the number of companies in the industrial manufacturing is non-existent. This opens a large field of possibilities to question the adequacy: training, the effectiveness of their training action or commitment of the actors (students, teachers, trainers companies) engaged in such training. In fact we went to ask the students to identify the realities of satisfaction, learning and adaptation in order to identify the elements that allow them to build useful professional identity in their adaptation to their profession for a better fit. The results of this thesis will take a critical look at the real expectations of young people are moving towards technical education and vocational training at Gabon. For the administration and the wood industry, this look must encourage practical analysis of the needs in term of reform for the industry and training to identify efficiency factors to be taken into account for the evaluation optimization training and adaptation of the workforce for work in this sector currently factors
Purba, Citra Yanto Ciki. "Characterization and valorization of secondary quality hardwood as structural material." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AGPT0002.
Full textTo improve the value of secondary quality hardwood, it is important to understand its wood properties and optimize its mechanical properties. The variability of some structural, physical and mechanical properties of wood from beech and oak trees issued from thinning was studied. Logs from these trees were rotary peeled in three different veneer thicknesses (2.1, 3, and 4.2 mm). Veneer quality was assessed by measuring the veneer knot proportion and checking properties. The mechanical properties of LVL (laminated veneer lumber) made from these veneers were measured using the static and dynamic method. Juvenile wood in both species is concentrated in a very small area near the pith thus there will be no or low part juvenile wood peeled. The wood mechanical and physical properties of both species were strongly influenced by the wood density. The 3 mm thick veneer provided the optimal mechanical properties for LVL for both species. Such mechanical properties are comparable to LVL made with other hardwood species. The internal veneer provided LVL with higher density, but lower mechanical properties as a result of its higher proportion of knots
Montouroy, Yves. "Enjeux forestiers globalisés et territoires : les acteurs européens face à la régulation politique multiscalaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40034/document.
Full textThis work aims at contributing to the study of the European Union and International Relations. Through analyzing the regulation of forest-based industries and the globalization of forest issues, the aim is to identify how both have been constructed as a European public problem. This is implemented around a central hypothesis: forest territories are institutionalized by actors who participate in its regulation. In order to ascertain the ability of actors to move between scales of regulation, the thesis is grounded on theoretical tools derived from the Theories of international relations and Public policy analysis. After a first part dedicated to defining this approach, a second is presents three case studies of European public policy (forest protection against fire, t renewable energy and actions to counter the trade of illegal wood). In sum, each one shows the ability of actors to territorialize a globalized forest issue
Purba, Citra Yanto Ciki. "Characterization and valorization of secondary quality hardwood as structural material." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AGPT0002/document.
Full textTo improve the value of secondary quality hardwood, it is important to understand its wood properties and optimize its mechanical properties. The variability of some structural, physical and mechanical properties of wood from beech and oak trees issued from thinning was studied. Logs from these trees were rotary peeled in three different veneer thicknesses (2.1, 3, and 4.2 mm). Veneer quality was assessed by measuring the veneer knot proportion and checking properties. The mechanical properties of LVL (laminated veneer lumber) made from these veneers were measured using the static and dynamic method. Juvenile wood in both species is concentrated in a very small area near the pith thus there will be no or low part juvenile wood peeled. The wood mechanical and physical properties of both species were strongly influenced by the wood density. The 3 mm thick veneer provided the optimal mechanical properties for LVL for both species. Such mechanical properties are comparable to LVL made with other hardwood species. The internal veneer provided LVL with higher density, but lower mechanical properties as a result of its higher proportion of knots
Pilon, Thierry. "Concept et analyse de filière : théorie économique et application à la "filière-bois"." Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU2018.
Full textStarting with a critical reexamination of the different channel economic approaches, this research tests a dual (systemic and structural) procedure of sector-based analysis applicable to all relevant industrial meso-systems. Thus, in the considered case, the imbalance both "ex post" and "ex ante" identified between foresters (followers) and processing manufacturers (leaders) would suggest a wood marketing reform. Likewise, an increase of driving effects would go first through the optimal development of sawing techniques (key stage of the french forestry sector)
Journet, Claude. "Où va l'organisation du travail ? : à la lumière des industries papetières et cimentière." Grenoble 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE21009.
Full textNow that new trends in work organization (quality circles, autonomous production groups, work flexibility) are the object of much debate, it is about time to take a closer look at work organization, all the more so since it plays an important part in economic growth and is therefore is not completely irrelevant to a better understanding of the crisis. The fact that the principles of tayloristic work organization have been called in to question and the emergence of new forms of work organization are usually presented as being mainly, if not completely determined by the development of automation. However, the relation between work organization and production techniques is in this way taken for granted, without any further investigation into the real nature of this relation : is it causal, univocal or bi-univocal ? considering that work organization has seldom been a central focus of research, and that analyses have even more seldom concentrated on the organization of production, our own research consists in examining trends in work organization through an analysis of the interrelations between work organization and production techniques. Our approach will be necessarily historical. Indeed, it is only by looking at history that one can decide on the validity of the idea that work organization has changed course, or is in the process or about to do so, under the impact of changes in production techniques. A historical approach makes it possible to arrive at an accurate evaluation of whether such a correlation exists or not. Our field of investigation will be the paper and cement industries. To the key question of whether there has been a shift towards a new model of work organization, the answer would seen to be in the negative. We are in fact in the era of tayloristic automation : this is the last version of taylorism !
Vicq, Pierre. "Une prise de pouvoir de la ferme générale en Lorraine : bois de salines et faux saunage (de 1698 à la révolution)." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20019.
Full textBakouma, Jean. "Tendances et perspectives du commerce des sciages africains : contribution à l'élaboration d'un modèle d'échanges intra-africains." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN20010.
Full textTHE INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN TROPICAL TIMBER IS LIMITED BY TRANSPORTATION COST AND INCREASINGLY, BY ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS. AS MANY DEVELOP COUNTRIES BEGIN TO REDUCE THEIR IMPORTS OF TROPICAL TIMBER, PRODUCERS WONDER WHETHER IT IS POSSIBLE TO FIND ALTERNATIVE MARKETS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. THIS QUESTION IS PARTICULARLY RELEVANT FOR AFRICAN SAWNWOOD, WICH GENERALLY APPEARS LESS COMPETITIVE THAN SIMILAR PRODUCTS FROM ASIA, EVEN IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES WHICH ARE ITS TRADITIONAL MARKET. SO, THIS research TRIES TO ANSWER THE QUESTION OF A POSSIBLE REDEPLOYMENT OF EXPORT FLOWS OF AFRICAN SAWNWOOD IN THE MARKET OF SOME AFRICAN IMPORTING COUNTRIES. USING AN ECONOMETRIC MODELISATION, BASED ON THE AVAILABLE INTERNATIONAL STATISTICS, TWO ECONOMETRIC MODELS WERE MADE : ONE ON SUPPLY, AND ONE ON DEMAND. THEY WERE ESTIMATED BY ORDINARY LEAST SQUARE METHOD WITH TIME SERIES DATA, AND BY THE METHOD OF COVARIANCE ANALYSIS WITH CROSS-SECTION DATA. THE SIMULATIONS WICH HAVE BEEN CARRIED ON WITH THESE MODELS HAVE SHOWN THAT AN INCREASE OF INTRA-AFRICAN TRADE OF SAWNWOOD IS NOT UNREALISTIC. FINALLY, THESE TWO MODELS ALLOWED TO CONSTRUCT A MODEL OF A SINGLE-PRODUCT SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM MARKET BY THE ADEQUACY OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY. SUCH TRADE MODEL IMPLIES ON THE ONE HAND THE REQUIREMENT TO PROMOTE AFRICAN SAWNWOOD EXPORTS, AND ON THE OTHER HAND, AN INCREASING CO-OPERATION BETWEEN AFRICAN COUNTRIES IMPORTING AND EXPORTING SAWNWOOD
Bertin, Charles. "Efficacité des marchés de bois bruts : économie expérimentale et industrielle." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21001.
Full textThis thesis analyses the French timber auction mechanism and explores new market organizations to improve allocation efficiency and sellers' revenue, using experimental and theoretical tools. The first chapter gives a description of the French timber industry and underlines several important features of the sequential auction mechanism currently used by the Office National des Forêt (ONF) to sell public timber lots. In the second chapter we show, through a theoretical model, that switching from the actual sequential mechanism to a simultaneous auction could improve sellers' revenue. This result comes from economies of scale (or geographic complementarities as they are called in the literature) in the harvesting process that, if they are sufficiently large, yield higher bids in simultaneous auctions than in sequential ones. The third chapter extends this analysis by considering allocative externalities that may occur if bidders' preferences include geographic complementarities. In such a case, with a sequential auction, we show that buyers have an incentive to collude. Because there are not such incentives in a simultaneous auction, this mechanism could be a competing alternative to the sequential auction. In the last chapter we investigate the relevance of the first price payment function used by the ONF. Here, we experimentally compare a first price and a second price sealed bid auctions with buyers' preferences including complementarities. Contrary to theoretical predictions, we find that a first price mechanism yields higher revenues than second price auction
Fuentealba, Cecilia. "Approche biométrique pour l'identification automatique des produits bois." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0133_FUENTEALBA.pdf.
Full textThe concept of traceability has been introduced to our everyday life due to recurrent problems in the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. However, other industrial areas subject to minimum safety restrictions are also involved in the technologies related to this concept. Thus, they are trying to meet the growing demand of clients in terms of quality, delays and personalization of products in an ever-competitive market through traceability. The environment of this work is related to wood industries for which the ecocertification and the improvement of the production process performances are two motivating factors for the start up of traceability. In fact the characteristics of products and industry processes make difficult the synchronization of product flow with information flow and, consequently, the access to information for all actors of the transformation chain. The problem can be summarized in two points : (1) The lack of means of automatic identification, for an individual follow up of products. Commonly used systems like bar codes and electronic labeling show limitations in certain parts of the life cycle. (2) The lack of an information system able to offer in-line information necessary for decision making and able to ensure afterwards the usefulness associated to traceability. Then this work deals with these two complementary problems. First, the start up of a non-destructive control sensor is proposed for setting a biometrical identification of products. The sensor, based on microwave technology, allows the acquisition of representative signals of the inner structure of wood. These signals are treated and then delivered to an algorithm of pattern recognition. A proposition for an information system model is shown for answering the second problem. Such model focused on the product takes into consideration all transformations that may be performed during the fabrication process. Moreover, the modelling makes evident the different automatic identification systems that are possible to use through all the life cycle of the product
Meausoone, Pierre-Jean. "Approche en ingénierie concourante pour les indutries du bois." Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0265_MEAUSOONE.pdf.
Full textTrébuchet, Breitwiller Anne-Sophie. "Le travail du précieux : une anthropologie économique des produits de luxe à travers les exemples du parfum et du vin." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0099.
Full textThis thesis addresses how the quality of luxury products is constituted. It reviews the literature on luxury and reconsiders how quality is treated in contemporary economic sociology. It contains six empirical chapters, each dedicated to a specific setting, in which the work on perfume and wine (Burgundy) is followed longitudinally: the development of a branded perfume in a large marketing-based firm; a niche perfume designer and manufacturer, the "Éditions de Parfum Frédéric Malle"; natural raw materials processing for fine perfumery at the "Laboratoire Monique Rémy" in Grasse (France); quality improvement by a tradesman specialised in fine wines; wine and vine care in a large estate, the "Domaine Leflaive"; the history and contemporary success of the "Domaine de la Romanée-Conti" estate. The thesis evidences a meshwork of qualification criteria for luxury products, which forbids any automatic reduction relationship between luxury and quality. By considering what appears in its empirical observations, it establishes a theory of "the making of things precious" as an original mode for the qualification and individualisation of products
Taron, Patrick. "Enfant et travail : les enfants-ouvriers angevins au 19è siècle." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999VERS1006.
Full textThe author shows the way children worked in the fabrics and slate factories in angers and trelaze, mainly from the end of the 18th century to the first world war. A preliminary chapter reminds the way of life of the laboring children in this area, which are stamped with the paternalistic employers' achievements and the church's influence. In 1874, the creation of an inspection system which was the condition required for the respect of the legislation was the turning point. A first part deals with industries' development of angers and the increase of children's recruitment they employ. The resort of this labor involved the state's intervention in economy. A second part talks about the multiplication of laws and checking means to preserve laboring children. At that time, we are faced with the question of the disappearing of children's work. A distinction is made between companies termed an industrial and institutions which legislation also would be able to apply to. This study clearly shows that the reduction of laboring children's use is the consequence of school and social law's effects, particulary, from 1882, date of the raising of the school-leaving age until 13 years for all children
Delobre, Marie-Hélène. "Jeux de langage dans la maintenance automobile : paroles au travail, paroles et discours sur le travail." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS015S.
Full textThe thesis examines evolving work practices and their future in the car service workshops; it does this by comparing “vernacular” words about work and the “work/procedural based” speech at the work that has come about due to changes in work practice. The detailed appraisal of both workplace-engendered speech and speech about work derived from personal biographic interviews saw the emergence of distinct forms of expression according to technical advances on the one hand and workplace generational differences on the other. These different ways of workplace speech were considered under three recognised themes : technological changes in the workplace, the customer and type of service provided, the training of the mechanics. If the study does not confirm the existence of a new workplace culture that is in sharp contrast to the traditional ways, it nevertheless reveals that the new work paradigms have given rise to numerous divisions within the workshops
Eyenga, Doline Pulchérie Marie-Hortense. "Le supply chain management : un levier d'intégration des global value chains : le cas de la xylo-industrie au Cameroun." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24008.
Full textThis research in doctorate degree rely on the law N°94/01 of 20th January 1994 bringing the forests regime, which compel the enterprises of exploitations of forests in Cameroon to realize henceforth, the first level of transformation of woods locally. The signature of passage to the industry in sector of the Xylo-industry imposes then, a structural changing of the initial channel of transformation of tropical woods going out from Cameroon. This structural changing causes a logistical problem which retains the attention of researchers. The circulation of the flows between the industries of the first localized transformation in Cameroon and the second industrials transformation localized in the developed countries should have intensified and the logistics demands will become stronger. How does one succeed the integration of channel between the enterprises of a developening country and that of developed countries? The objective of this research is to understand the functioning of the xylo-industry in Cameroon to reach at the actionable propositions centered on the logistics and the SMC. To reach it, a diagnosis of difficulties was realized by the three categories of actors which have been identified. It has been rely on a study of unique case. A literature review around the logistic of SMC and the Global value chains was judicious for better comprehension of our research. The propositions of elaborated research from the literature have been putting into test the facts towards the enterprises of the first industrial transformation in Cameroon by a questionnaire. In conclusion, an amelioration of logistic management in the enterprises of the industry of the first transformation of woods in Cameroon is an indispensable condition of their integration in the global value chains
Lihra, Torsten. "La personnalisation de masse pour l'industrie du meuble en bois." Doctoral thesis, Québec : Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26203/26203.pdf.
Full textCanu, Roland. "Publicités et travail marchand : la manipulation des documents publicitaires sur le marché des télécommunications." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20057.
Full textThe relation between advertising and the ordinary work of the market professionals and customers to orientate consumer choices and assessments of goods are the starting point of the study. Our purpose is not about associating adverstising action to its reception or to the deciphering of their content but to take an interest in the immersion of promotional documents in commercial activity. In other words, we get away from advertising manipulating the public and we choose the manipulation of advertising documents by public. The advertising's role can't be reduced to the cultural and symbolic cover of economy. This function inserts within economy and market relationships. The analysis of the messages' contents, their materiality and, foremost, commercial situations in which they are inscribed, will enable us to clarify the advertising action throughout the consumption process and, simultaneously, the nature of market relationships
Bontemps, Véronique. "Naplouse, le savon et la ville : patrimoine familial, travail ouvrier et mémoire au quotidien." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/IFPO/tel-00548032.
Full textAleba, Romain. "Conditions de travail et satisfaction professionnelle." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100051.
Full textKomon, Jean-Paul. "L'économie du bois au Cameroun : analyse structurelle du secteur forestier et perspectives de son développement." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10007.
Full textSince 1973, the policy for development of timber economy in cameroon comprises three objectives firstly, the promotion of national companies in forestry, secondly the diversification and reinforcement of administrative and forest valorisation methods and finally an improvment in the timber industry's contribution to the expansion of the national economy. As a direct result of this policy, those responsable for the national economy have by means of multiple financial and fiscal advantages encouraged the development of a national forestry sector, which has been superimposed on a production structure completely dominated by foreign capital and for the most part extrovert. The characteristic dualisme and disarticulation of the timber economy. In cameroon, have largely contributed, to the alteration of results in the timber sector and to the "sylvoindustrial" companies diversion from the objectives specified in the project. Now the future of the timber economy seems blocked by the narrow local market and insufficient infrastructures and financial resources. The revival of foresting activities would require a transformation of disarticulation by means of group production systems, the promotion of units whos size would be relative to the local market and the adjustement of financial and administrative institutions to the problems to timber sector
Foeh, John E. H. J. "L' Asie du Sud-Est dans les échanges internationaux de bois tropicaux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL025N.
Full textPortier, Nathalie. "Les droits en matière d'hygiène industrielle, de sécurité et de protection de l'environnement sur les installations pétrolières en mer." Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10007.
Full textOffshore installations are the industrial structures and equipments at sea that are used for marine oil exploration and production. All those installations present a risk for the workers and for the environment. That is why the Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) regulations are so important for the operators in charge of those installations. This study looks at the sources of obligations for the offshore installations and in particular we will explain which ones prevail over the others : international, regional and national ones. It also establishes the differences and similarities between safety regulations on offshore installations and protection of the environment. And finally we will address the consequences on operator's liability and if there is a solution to simplify regulations from an international point of view
Cardoso, Luís Antonio. "Apres-fordisme et participation : restructuration productive contemporaine et nouvelle rationalisation du travail dans l'industrie automobile bresilienne." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EVRY0001.
Full textSocher, Ulrich. "La face cachée de l'autonomie : management et performance des équipes autonomes dans deux alumineries, en France et au Canada (Québec)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0014.
Full textKoffi, Yeboa Alexis. "La résilience des relations clients-fournisseurs interentreprises : une monographie du commerce international du bois de la Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020076.
Full textCardoso, Ana Claudia Moreira. "Temps de travail, temps de non travail : les vécus quotidiens des travailleurs." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/130555762#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textEsta tese é um estudo das vivências cotidianas de trabalhadores em relação ao tempo de trabalho e ao tempo de não trabalho. O locus de análise privilegiado é o espaço do local de trabalho. A pesquisa tomou como caso para estudo a Volkswagen do Brasil, em sua unidade de produção do ABC-São Paulo, exemplo emblemático de iniciativas e negociações dirigidas a flexibilizar a jornada de trabalho. A análise se concentra no período compreendido entre 1995 e 2005, quando foram intensas as mudanças com respeito à organização e gestão do tempo de trabalho. A tese se divide em duas partes. Na primeira, constante de três capítulos, revisa-se a literatura internacional sobre os modos de construção social do tempo e do tempo de trabalho, e apresenta-se o debate recente sobre duas experiências contrastantes, a da França e a do Brasil. Na segunda parte, formada por sete outros capítulos, apresenta-se inicialmente o contexto da Volkswagen do Brasil, com base na analise de material documental e de entrevistas com trabalhadores, dirigentes sindicais e gerentes da empresa; em seguida, analisam-se as vivências temporais cotidianas dos trabalhadores, com base em entrevistas semi-diretivas e diários de usos do tempo
This thesis is a study of daily life of workers regarding their experiences and discourses on the work time and the non- work time. The workplace is the privileged locus of analysis. The empirical research examines the case of Volkswagen-Brazil in its assembly plant in ABC region, São Paulo, emblematic example of initiatives and negociations driven to achieve flexible work conditions and employment relations. The analysis focuses the period 1995-2005 when most intense changes took place. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part begins with a review of the national and international literature on time and work time as societal constructions; the following two chapters present the recent debate on two opposing experiences, France’s and Brazil’s. In the second part, formed by seven chapters there is an initial presentation of the context of Volkswagen do Brazil, based on the analysis of documental material as well as interviews with workers, union leaders and managers. The last six chapters analyze the daily temporal experience of different groups of workers based on semi-directed interviews and time diaries
Kombo, Norbert. "Maîtrise de l'acheminement terrestre des produits primaires dans un pays en voie de développement : le cas de la filière bois du Congo." Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN1190.
Full textThe Congo is a wood-producing country but its exploitation of resource is not rational. The production system of these species of wood is characterised by an under-exploitation of the resources. Producers give greater importance to commercialization and neglect the forwarding of woods. The congolese people who are in charge of production and routing do not master these operations. Spatial contrains actually need to be taken into consideration for the well running of economic activities. You need to exploit the link which binds planification of wood-production together with the control of its conveying if you want wood-industry to be a good asset in the development of the gross domestic product. The mattering of wood-tranportation and the planification of production are indissociable. It allows to reduce transportation costs and it is an efficient factor which can also grow production. The improvement in the way production and transportation are adrieved is not enough to overcome the difficulties experienced in the branch, but it can avoid the perpetuation of economic weaknesies. The dependance and the weakness of economic structures originate from an ill circulation of products and people in the space
Delamare-Calot, Agnès. "Approches méthodologique d'amélioration des performances des systèmes de production de la seconde transformation du bois." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10120.
Full textThe industrial markets evolve to the personnalization of the production and the need of reducing the production costs. The aim of firms is to satisfy the custom demands in time and at competitive prices. Our work consisted in setting a methodology of production systems' analysis aiming to improve their performances. In this context, we have proposed to use the combination of technics as process simulation, method of experimental designs and data analysis methods. We have deepened process simulation in the steps which have been less studied : data analysis and results exploitation. This methodology has been, next, implemented to help the furniture and joinery firms on designing their workshop
François, Jessica. "Modélisation et évaluation environnementale des filières de cogénération par combustion et gazéification du bois." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0071.
Full textBiomass is one of the most promising renewable energy source in Europe. Its use as a substitute to fossil energy is expected to mitigate climate change. However, potential drawbacks are also feared with large scale development. In order to assess the environmental impacts of the biomass-to-energy chain, we firstly developed a model of the bioenergy system, from the forest to the energy production. We focused on two biomass power plants for combined heat and power (CHP) production: one is based on the conventional direct combustion process while the other is based on the more advanced gasification process. Gasification offers higher electrical efficiency, but its development is still facing technical difficulties. In case of the gasification process, we defined the best operating conditions regarding energetic and exergetic efficiencies, as well as the syngas quality requirements. Secondly, we calculated the carbon and mineral flows taken from the forest through energy wood harvesting, along with the forested area required to feed the CHP plant. The other resources and emissions related to the plant operation were also predicted. We observed that more extensive forestry practices led to an increase in the mineral exports. Finally, we evaluated the environmental performance of the two biomass CHP plants using life cycle assessment (LCA). Within French energy context, we found that both CHP technologies had very similar impacts with a slight advantage toward the combustion process. It appears of particular benefit to replace current fossil energy systems with biomass CHP plants to reduce climate change
Kebbi-Benkeder, Zineb. "Biodiversité interspécifique et intraspécifique des extractibles nodaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0072.
Full textWood is a renewable material used by man for construction, furniture, paper making, energy, etc. Wood contains extractives of great economic value which belong to various chemical families such as terpenes, flavonoids, tannins, etc. The knots (base of the branch embedded in the trunk) of some tree species are extremely rich in extractives.This study aims at analysing the inter-specific, intra-specific and within-tree variabilities of knotwood extractives to target the richest species, stations and tree parts. For that purpose, the knots of twenty-three species and those of fifteen firs grown under different conditions were extracted using several solvents and analysed. The results confirm the richness of knots compared to heartwood and sapwood for all species. Overall softwood knots contain mainly more extractives than hardwoods. The main compounds identified in softwoods are lignans, stilbenes, flavonoids and terpenes Gallic acid and flavonoids are present in hardwoods. The study of the vertical profile shows that concentrations decrease from the base of the crown to the tree tip. In addition, the results highlight the influence of growth conditions since dominant trees and/or those grown according to dynamic silvicultures are particularly rich in knot extractives. These results allow considering the valorization of wood industries by-products as bioactive molecules resource for various applications
Daheur, Jawad. "Le Parc à bois de l'Allemagne : course aux ressources et hégémonie commerciale dans les bassins de la Vistule et de la Warta (1840-1914)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG041.
Full textThis thesis deals with the German attempts to take control over timber resources in the Baltic area between 1840 and 1914. Focused on the trade in the Vistula and Warta river basins, it shows how the rising German economy managed to make the local forests into its backyard by securing cheap and stable access to timber resources. German firms progressively achieved trade dominance by developing transport technologies and reinforcing their financial and organizational capacities. They also managed to take advantage of the local economic and political weaknesses. Through ecological and economic explanation of timber extraction and processing, the thesis underlines the role played by foreign timber in the preservation of the German forests. It also describes the impact of this process on the local population and environment. Finally, the thesis advocates for a truly global history of the German forest
Jambes, Jean-Pierre. "L'or vert du Sertão : combustibles ligneux, économie et sécheresse dans le Nordeste brésilien." Pau, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PAUU1002.
Full textProfessions connected with the exploitation of firewood and vegetable coal went through a period of intense development in brazil's nordeste at the beginning of the nineteen eightles. This phenomenon can be explained through the conjunction of that period : on the one hand, a drought which, from 1979 to 1983, imperiled the agro-pastoral economy of the semi-arid hinterland (the sertao); on the other hand, the increase of the price of hydrocarbons brought about by the second oil crisis. Lack of water almost completely destroyed local agriculture, making it thus necessary for the sertanejos to exploit the ultimate resources of the natural environment : the wood of the sparsely wooded forests of the hinterland. The production, first of firewood, then of vegetable coal, thus increased markedly, all the more so as the soaring prices of hydorcarbons compelled almost all the cement works and the mining concerns in the nordeste to replace oil by-products by ligneous fuel. This twofold exploitation of the work force and of the ecosystem), which is at the origin of the development of the professions linked with the exploitation of firewood, gradually lost its impetus with the return of rain in 1984-85. From 1986 onwards there began a period of shortage, particularly of coal, which hit the concerns which used it. Besides the resuming of traditional agro-pastoral activities, it illustrates the disengagement of the leaders of the sertao economy who, confronted with the disruption of the conditions of production, gradually gave up trading ligneous fuel. Beyond the strictly contingent aspect of this phenomenon, part of the working of the sertao society, its cumbersome structures and its relation-ship with the dominant areas of the brazilian coast are also revealed
Pelletier, Chloé. "Analyse environnementale et économique des filières bois-énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0331.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to conduct the environmental and economic analysis of several wood-to-energy production chains based on various wood combustion technologies. The material and energy balances of the production chains are determined with modeling of forest growth and of wood combustion. The wood combustion models use the emission factors from real-scale experimental tests on stoves and boilers. Forest growth is modeled for maritime pine and beech plantations, according to several forest management schemes. The data on the harvest, transformation, and transport steps, as well as the economic data, were taken from the literature. The environmental analysis compares the impacts calculated by two methods: ReCiPe and CML 2001. A dynamic analysis of the “climate change” impact complements the discussion on the environmental impacts of energy wood. Finally, we open a broader perspective with modeling of land use and production costs of bioenergy on a global scale. The results of the Life Cycle Analysis show the importance of both combustion quality (linked to combustion technology), and the transformation and transport steps. For instance, pellet stoves and boilers have excellent efficiencies, but suffer from the consumption of fossil fuels to dry the biomass. These technologies are also much more expensive to buy than log stoves or boilers. The dynamic analysis shows that the intensification of wood production via the shortening of growth cycles leads to higher impacts that are not completely offset by the higher production rate
Arnoux, Mathieu. "Etudes sur la production, le travail et le commerce du fer dans la Normandie médiévale (XIe-XVe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0052.
Full textNeuville, Jean-Philippe. "Le contrat de confiance : étude des mécanismes de coopération dans le partenariat industriel autour de deux grands constructeurs automobiles européens." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0005.
Full textThe industrial partnership is one of the possible forms of the organized action between market and hierarchy. With the tools of the sociological analysis of organizations, an empirical comparison of two partnerships is carried out in the automobile manufacturing sector in europe. Results show that this form of industrial cooperation is characterized, first by a common framework : quality ; second; by a specific regulation mecanism : trust ; finally, by a structure of social exchange in which economic exchange is embedded in : interpersonal networks
Buridant, Jérôme. "Les espaces forestiers laonnois : début XVIIe-début XIXe siècle : hommes, environnement et paysages à l'époque pré-industrielle." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040173.
Full textServais, Anne. "Des Indes à l'Europe : production, commerce et approvisionnement de l'Occident en bois de brésil, (XIIe-XVIe siècle)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H002.
Full textDuring the Middle Ages and the XVIth century, brazilwood was a red dyewood used in the Western world not only for textile dyeing, but also in painting, especially in manuscript illuminations, as recently shown by physic-chemical analyses. In mediaeval times this material xas imported from Asia, and from the end of the XVth onwards it came from Latin America. This research tries to investigate how in the Middle Ages and in the early modern era brazilwood travelled from such remote areas to Western Europe and could thus be available on the market to European craftsmen and artists. The first part of this study seeks to determine when and how the Medieval West came to know this new material, before analyzing what Europeans knew about this wood and about the tree that produced it. The second part, focusing on Asian brazilwood, identifies production areas in south and south-east Asia, before tracing down the commercial roads followed by this dyewood, first through the Middle East during the Middle Ages, and then from the New World : it defines when and where American brazilwood was produced ; it analyses the conditions of its production and finally considers the specific trade system established by the Spanish and Portuguese Crowns to exploit this natural resource
Comby, Georges. "Aide au séquencement des produits sur une ligne de fabrication multi-modèles : respect des règles de séquencement et lissage de la charge de travail." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0144.
Full textSequencing products (arranging products in chronological assembling order) on Mixed-Model Assembly Lines (M. M. A. L. ) enables to face with products diversity: production can be feasible or not, due to sequencing rules (succession constraints), and production cost depends on the sequence, particularly the cost due to smoothing flow of work for each resource. To take into account simultaneously different objectives, a modular architecture based on simulation and optimization is proposed for sequencing. A prototype has enabled to prove its feasibility: succession constraints and work flow smoothing can be done simultaneously by sequencing. Moreover, a data conceptual model integrating all data needed by sequencing is proposed and favors the integration of our system in the enterprise information system. Optimization must chose a partial (goal chasing methods) or global (random access changes of the sequence: neighborhood) sequence of products valued by simulation, thanks to a cost function. To compute this cost function, sequencing rules are gathered into different types of rules: keep a constant speed in assembling some products; respect production ratios or directional production ratios for other products; sequence some products in a given position, as near as possible to this position, in the beginning or at the end of the sequence; minimize set-up costs by grouping some products. Each type of rule is modelled by two measures: constructive measure for goal chasing methods, and valuing measure for optimization by neighborhood. To smooth resource flow of work, paced assembly lines are modelled in the case of mono- and multi-stations resources. For multi-station resources, the proposed model enables to compute release and due dates for jobs: these dates are then used by an algorithm to infer for each resource the workload curve which smoothes its working rate (robustness) and assures that pre-emptive jobs scheduling will exists
Tabourdeau, Antoine. "Entre forêt et énergie : composer la transition : le cas du bois-énergie en Auvergne et Rhône-Alpes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH005/document.
Full textThe thesis uses the case of fuelwood to study how energy transition causes changes in natural resources management. Our work is based upon two case studies, French regions Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes, and we follow configurations from local to national levels. Balance of powers induced by asymetries of information on the available resource and the development of a common action along different levels of scale are our two main threads. In the first part, the chapter 1 focuses on relationships between forest and energy but also territorial, environmental and climatic policies. Our work highlights the spatial constraints wheighing upon forest resource. Fuelwood resource is different from other renewable energies because of its difficulties of access and its slow renewal, whereas solar or wind energies are infinite. Those bio-physical barriers are the reason for struggles between forest and energy stakeholders regarding which supply models to prefer: on the one hand, forest stakeholders advocate small boilers using local resource in small quantities, whereas, on the other hand, energy stakeholders prefer important boilers requiring long road transportation (hence more CO$_{2}$ emissions) but enabling economies of scale. Moreover, there is important internal problems in the forest sector, which represents the second most important source of trade deficit in France (after hydrocarbons) and experiences difficulties to sell national timber. Therefore, we present a context with strong uncertainties, both political and scientific. In the second chapter we conduct a statistical typology on fuelwood in Europe, in order to characterise more objectively the French situation. Then, the thesis analyses the sequences of the development of fuelwood in France, since the 1970s, to show how its use became progressively more rational. In the second part, our work investigates how national policies are dealt with by regional stakeholders, in Auvergne in chapter 3, then in Rhône-Alpes in chapter 4. This part underlines in particular the importance of asymetries of information among actors networks, the need for reliable tools and the different roles of forest and energy sector at regional level. Third part emphasizes, in chapter 5, that fuelwood can be analyzed as a common good and the need for polycentricity, i.e. multiple control levels. Finally, chapter 6 demonstrates how the assignation of a political value to fuelwood, and more generally to the energy and environmental transition, change balance between levels, from local to national
Py, Vanessa. "Mine, bois et forêt dans les Alpes du Sud au Moyen-Age : approches archéologique, bioarchéologique et historique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443963.
Full textDe, rouffignac Aliénor. "Diversité des patrimoines et valorisation de la biomasse forestière : Quelles mutations des filières forêt-bois ?" Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIME006.
Full textClimate change now imposes new development opportunities or constraints on industries with a high environmental impact, such as the forest industry. The ecological transition and Bioeconomy then appeared as the main solution to modify these sectors based on a productivist economic model, towards sustainable industrial development. In this context of transition, this thesis proposes to understand the dynamics and evolution of the forest-based sector, especially with regard to the development of lignocellulosic biorefinery. This particular sector crystallizes environmental and energy-related issues of the current climate change context and also questions the importance of territory, insofar as the forest biomass valorization is dependent on the localized exploitation of natural resources. From a mesoeconomic point of view, the analysis of the dynamics of this complex and territorialized sector is based on the co-construction of economic actors, firms, industries and territories in which they operate. The objective of the thesis is to determine the characteristics of the interactions between these different stakeholders as well as their historical and territorial dynamics, which constitute the productive heritage of these sectors. The dimensions of these heritages highlight the possible paths of forest biomass valorization and allow us to question the visions of the future of the different stakeholders that also contextualize the trajectories of the forest-based sector
Piccinini, Valmíria Carolina. "L'industrie de la chaussure brésilienne face aux mutations internationales : stratégies et politique du personnel des entreprises de la région de "Vale dos Sinos"." Grenoble 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE21012.
Full textBrazilian shoe industry is analyzed and compared to the principal competitors on the mondial market (taiwan, coree du sud, espagne, italie). Investigations on selected firms in the area of "vale dos sinos" aimed at characterizing : - the analysis of the global and commercial strategy of these firms (leadership policy or differentiation policy, as m. Porter says), the sales reserved to external and internal market - the technological policy : plant modernization degree, innovation policy - the organizational policy : use of production line work or working group - the privileged means of flexibility (technical, and economical flexibili- ty)