Relevant bibliographies by topics / Travail informel

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Travail informel'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Travail informel"

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Pfau-Effinger, Birgit, and Eugénie Pascal. "Informalisation du travail rémunéré et risques sociaux pour les travailleurs : le rôle des États-providence." Lien social et Politiques, no. 76 (July 18, 2016): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037070ar.

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L’article a pour objectif d’explorer comment les politiques des États-providence européens affectent la croissance du travail informel visant à échapper à la pauvreté. L’auteure avance qu’il est important d’établir des distinctions entre les types d’emplois informels — qui diffèrent significativement en fonction des types d’États-providence qui président les sociétés dans lesquelles le travail informel se développe —, en prenant en compte l’importance de la réglementation du travail, le degré de contrôle et de sanctions du travail informel, l’accès aux mesures de protection sociale, la dynamique démographique des migrations, etc. L’ensemble de ces facteurs contribue à exposer à des degrés divers les travailleurs de l’économie formelle les plus vulnérables aux risques sociaux, qui sont généralement couverts par les mesures de protection sociale et les droits sociaux.Dans sa portion empirique, l’article se base sur les données comparatives du Rapport Eurobaromètre spécial de 2014 pour cinq pays européens (Danemark, Finlande, Allemagne, Pologne et Espagne), qui permettent d’analyser les différences entre ces pays de l’étendue du travail informel pratiqué pour échapper à la pauvreté, et qui se fondent sur des données d’enquêtes nationales et de recherche qualitative.
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Yerochewski, Carole. "Controverses sur la réactualisation du travail informel au Brésil." Sociologie et sociétés 47, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034424ar.

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Rassemblant au Brésil toute une partie des travailleurs informels, l’économie solidaire est un sujet controversé parmi les acteurs syndicaux et politiques. Est-elle un lieu d’insertion des travailleurs, et (surtout) travailleuses, pauvres ou informels qui sont rejetés par un marché nécessairement compétitif ? Ou les différentes mobilisations, et certaines des pratiques autogestionnaires de ces travailleurs dits marginalisés, constituent-elles des luttes pour l’égalité et la justice sociale qui dépassent les revendications (en termes de salaires, de durée du travail, etc.) issues du compromis de la société salariale — compromis qui n’a jamais eu vocation à couvrir plus qu’une minorité de travailleurs dans le monde ? Étayé par des entretiens approfondis menés auprès de responsables communautaires, syndicaux et politiques impliqués dans l’économie solidaire au Brésil, l’article met ainsi en lumière les relations entre leurs choix stratégiques et les façons d’analyser le problème de la remontée du travail informel. Les controverses suscitées sont révélatrices de conceptions plus globales sur l’économie et la place des mobilisations de travailleurs dans le changement social.
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Almeida vasconcelos, Pedro de. "Les racines du travail informel urbain au Brésil." Espaces et sociétés 92-93, no. 2 (1998): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/esp.g1998.92-93.0194.

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Merckling, Odile. "Politiques migratoires, compétences « féminines » et sortie du travail informel." NAQD N° 28, no. 1 (2010): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/naqd.028.0077.

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de Almeida Vasconcelos, Pedro. "Le travail informel urbain: Une évaluation de la littérature." Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement 6, no. 1 (January 1985): 87–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.1985.9670113.

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Lemieux, Thomas. "Choix occupationnels et offre de travail lorsque les salaires sont fonction des heures travaillées." L’économétrie du travail et des ressources humaines 73, no. 1-2-3 (February 9, 2009): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602224ar.

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RÉSUMÉ Ce papier présente un modèle économétrique déterminant la décision de travailler dans une ou deux occupations différentes lorsque le salaire est fonction des heures travaillées. Le modèle est construit à partir d’un principe de base de la théorie de la demande avec contraintes de rationnement qui ne requiert pas les restrictions d’exclusions standards. L’approche économétrique est appliquée à la décision de travail dans le secteur formel et informel. Les estimations suggèrent une élasticité d’offre de travail de l’ordre de l’unité. De même elles montrent que le salaire dans le secteur informel diminue lorsque les heures travaillées dans ce secteur augmentent, tandis que le phénomène inverse se produit dans le secteur formel.
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Kolev, Alexandre. "Déterminants de l'offre de travail et secteur informel en Russie." Revue d’études comparatives Est-Ouest 31, no. 4 (2000): 123–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/receo.2000.3059.

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Marsick, Victoria J., and Karen E. Watkins. "Les tensions de l’apprentissage informel sur le lieu de travail." Revue française de pédagogie, no. 160 (September 1, 2007): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rfp.586.

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Périssé, Maëlle, Emilie Vayre, and Anne-Marie Vonthron. "Travail nomade informel via les technologies et santé des salariés." Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement 81, no. 5 (October 2020): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2020.03.049.

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Karima, Tachouaft. "Le Travail Informel Représentations et Stratégies des Acteurs Sociaux à Alger." Bouhouth Magazine, no. 8 (2016): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0025798.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Travail informel"

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Jomni, Sophia. "Le travail informel des femmes en Tunisie." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0027.

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Ait, Soudane Jalila. "Secteur informel et marché du travail au Maroc." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10031.

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A partir de l'exemple du Maroc, cette thèse se propose d'étudier l'évolution et les fonctions macro économiques du secteur informel au travers de ses relations avec le marché du travail. L'hypothèse qui est faite est que ces relations sont déterminantes des dysfonctionnements du marché du travail et de l'évolution du chômage. Dès lors la problématique de la thèse consiste à étudier le rôle d'ajustement du secteur informel. Il s'agit d'analyser les modalités d'ajustement et les conséquences qui en découlent pour les politiques publiques marocaines et plus généralement concernant les formes d'intervention et les politiques d'accompagnement du secteur informel. La question centrale est alors la capacité de création d'emploi du secteur informel, la nature de ces emplois et les modalités d'accès à ces emplois. En réponse à cette fonction de régulation du secteur informel, et dans le contexte actuel en faveur du rôle des institutions sur la croissance, notre analyse fait ressortir les liens avec les politiques publiques et les type de soutien à préconiser. Deux axes d'actions sont abordés : le rôle du micro crédit comme appui au développement de la demande d'emploi des unités informelles et le rôle du capital social (réseaux sociaux) au niveau de l'offre et de l'accès à l'emploi. Au delà de cette problématique, cette recherche offre aussi l'occasion de réunir l'ensemble des travaux effectué sur le secteur informel au Maroc en vue de produire une synthèse, de son rôle, sa place et son importance macroéconomique pour le pays.
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Pelek, Selin. "Les effets du salaire minimum sur le marché du travail turc." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131001.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif d’analyser des effets du salaire minimum en Turquie où le salaire minimum est un instrument de politique sociale essentiel. Cette thèse s’articule autour de quatre chapitres : Le premier chapitre présente les institutions du salaire minimum et les principaux résultats obtenus dans la littérature concernant les divers effets du salaire minimum sur les différentes variables économiques et sociales dans les pays en développement. Le deuxième chapitre identifie empiriquement le profil des salariés payés au salaire minimum. Les résultats indiquent que la probabilité d’être rémunéré au salaire minimum est élevée parmi la population considérée comme « fragile ». Le troisième chapitre examine les effets du salaire minimum sur l’emploi dans le cadre de la demande et de l’offre du travail et montre que le salaire minimum n’a pas d’impact négatif sur l’emploi. Par ailleurs, une hausse du salaire minimum exerce un effet positif sur la probabilité de rester en emploi. Le dernier chapitre étudie l’évolution de la distribution des salaires au cours de la dernière décennie en Turquie. Les résultats indiquent que la hausse du salaire minimum en 2004 a contribué à réduire les inégalités salariales
Minimum wage is an important tool of social policy. It consists of four chapters: The first chapter presents the institutions of the minimum wage and the main results in the literature concerning the effects of minimum wages on the various economic and social variables in developing countries. The second chapter identifies empirically the profile of workers paid at minimum wage. The results indicate that the probability of receiving the minimum wage is high among the groups considered "fragile". The third chapter examines the impact of the minimum wage on employment in the context of demand and supply of labor and shows that the minimum wage has no negative impact on employment. Besides, a minimum wage increase has a positive effect on the probability of remaining employed. The last chapter analyzes the evolution of the wage distribution over the last decade in Turkey. The results show that the minimum wage increase in 2004 contributed to reduce wage inequality in this country
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Sanchez-castaneda, Alfredo. "Le secteur informel et le droit du travail en amerique latine." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020116.

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L'importance du secteur informel en amerique latine nous a conduit a son etude a partir d'un point de vue "juridique", notamment dans les categories du droit du travail et de la securite sociale. Nous avons considere necessaire de repondre a trois questions. D'abord, il convient de s'interroger sur les problemes que pose la notion de secteur informel, puis, sur les categories juridiques du secteur non-structure. Enfin, il faut preciser les moyens necessaires afin de creer un modele juridique propre au secteur informel. Dans l'introduction nous developpons la premiere question. On a considere ainsi necessaire d'etudier les variables historiques, politiques, culturelles et juridiques qui caracterisent les pays de l'amerique latine en particulier le bresil, la colombie, le mexique et le perou -, afin de trouver la notion et la place du secteur informel dans son contexte regional et l'encadrer juridiquement. En ce qui concerne la deuxieme question (premiere partie), a partir des categories du droit social, nous avons etudie les relations individuelles propres au secteur informel, notamment les conditions d'emploi et de travail, les relations professionnelles au sein du secteur informel, ainsi que les moyens qu'utilise le secteur informel pour s'assurer une protection sociale. Quant a la troisieme question (deuxieme partie), nous avons essaye de developper un modele juridique propre au secteur informel. Ce modele prend en compte les normes internationales du travail comme les principes d'organisation juridique du secteur informel, ainsi que le besoin de developper une legislation protectrice et promotionnelle du secteur informel, notamment en matiere de politique de l'emploi et des nouvelles fonctions de l'administration du travail. Enfin nous avons elabore l'ebauche d'une protection sociale pour le secteur informel, qui prend en compte les principes directeurs de la securite sociale, mais aussi la mise en place d'un modele de protection sociale propre au secteur informel.
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Labrie, Sylvain. "Étude exploratoire du rôle politique du groupe informel en milieu de travail." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ55466.pdf.

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Le, Bonté Christine. "Secteur informel et développement : le cas du cambodge." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA131003.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse au secteur informel d’un pays en voie de développement, le Cambodge. Elle commence par une présentation historique et économique de ce pays. Après s’être interrogé sur le concept d’informalité, elle dresse un état des différentes composantes de la structure productive et présente une estimation de la contribution du secteur informel au PIB. Elle considère les mécanismes d’allocation du travail et analyse la segmentation qui en résulte. Elle démontre que la structure productive influence peu le marché du travail et met ainsi en évidence l’impact des réseaux de relations. Enfin, elle étudie le rôle attribué au secteur informel dans un processus de développement et les politiques préconisées par les organismes internationaux. Elle présente les caractéristiques des activités informelles cambodgiennes et propose quelques pistes pour élaborer des politiques en leur direction et pour leurs travailleurs compte tenu du contexte institutionnel et politique cambodgien
This thesis is about the informal sector of a developing country, Cambodia. It starts with a historical and economic presentation of the country. After questioning about the concept of informality, it makes a list of the different components of the productive structure and presents an estimation of the contribution of informal sector of GDP. This study considers the mechanisms of labour allocation which configure the labour market and analyses the segmentation which results of them. It demonstrates that the productive structure has little influence on the labour segmentation and underlines the impact of social networks to the labour market. Finally, it studies the informal sector role in the development process and the policy to improve the way it works. Also, it proposes some special economic policies for Cambodia towards informal enterprises and their workers
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Yedomon, Brice. "Travail informel au Bénin : Expositions professionnelles et conséquences sanitaires chez les forgerons-ferblantiers à Cotonou." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0108/document.

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Contexte et objectifs : Au Bénin, le « secteur informel » représente près de 80 % des travailleurs avec une prédominance d’acteurs dans l’artisanat, suivi par le secteur privé moderne (11 %) et la fonction publique (9 %). La situation socio-professionnelle des artisans est caractérisée par l’absence d’équipements de protection, par l’exposition à des nuisances physiques et chimiques et par l’absence de sécurité sociale. L’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse était d’étudier l’impact des conditions de travail sur la santé des forgerons-ferblantiers exerçant dans le cadre de l’économie informelle, à Cotonou au Bénin. Ce travail a permis également d’évaluer l’imprégnation sanguine en éléments traces métalliques chez les ferblantiers par comparaison avec les concentrations observées dans la population masculine de Cotonou, non exposée professionnellement. Cette partie de l’étude a nécessité la mise en place d’une première enquête en population générale, chez 70 donneurs de sang à Cotonou afin de proposer des valeurs de référence pour 29 éléments traces métalliques.Méthode : Une étude transversale a été réalisée à Midombô sur le site des artisans ferblantiers dans le 3ème arrondissement de Cotonou au Bénin. Au total, 84 responsables d’atelier sur 102 ont donné leur accord de participation pour l’étude des postes et conditions de travail, soit un taux de participation de 82,4 %. Parmi les 251 personnes travaillant dans les 102 ateliers investigués, 135 ferblantiers ont accepté de venir au centre de santé Erasme (53,8 %) pour bénéficier d’un entretien médical gratuit. Dans cette population, 31 personnes étaient des apprentis (23,0 %) et 104 étaient des artisans ou maitres-artisans (77,0 %). Résultats : Il a été observé des niveaux de bruit supérieurs à 85 décibels dans 58,3 % des ateliers, avec une durée du travail en moyenne de 10 h par jour pouvant être à l’origine des déficits auditifs (légers à sévères) observés dans 99,3% des cas. L’exposition directe aux fumées et poussières métalliques (38,52 %) et la consommation d’aliments au poste de travail seraient à l’origine d’une imprégnation métallique. Pour 6 éléments traces, plus de 20 % des ferblantiers présentaient des concentrations sanguines supérieures aux valeurs de référence de la population générale. Par ordre croissant de niveau d’imprégnation, il s’agissait du molybdène, du cuivre, du strontium, de l’étain, de l’antimoine, et du plomb. Environ 71 % des ferblantiers présentaient des plombémies supérieures au 95ème percentile des concentrations retrouvées en population non exposée à Cotonou. Pour les moins de 18 ans, la prévalence des travailleurs ayant une plombémie ≥ 100 μg/L était de 83 %. Une baisse de l’acuité visuelle non corrigée (> 20 %) et une hypertension artérielle non traitée (27,4 %) ont été dépistées chez les ferblantiers participants. Conclusion : Les travailleurs informels sont dans une situation de grande vulnérabilité du fait d’une faible couverture en matière de protection sociale et d’un niveau élevé d’exposition aux risques professionnels. Compte tenu du grand nombre de travailleurs dans l’économie informelle, l’amélioration de la santé et de la sécurité au travail des acteurs de ce secteur, devrait permettre un renforcement du capital humain et la réduction des maladies professionnelles encore mal documentées
Context and objectives: In Benin, the "informal sector" represents almost 80% of workers with a predominance of craftsmen, followed by the modern private sector (11%) and the civil service (9%). The socio-professional situation of craftsmen is characterized by the lack of personal or collective protective equipment, exposure to physical and harmful chemical substances and a lack of social security. The main objective of this thesis was to study the impact of working conditions on the health of tinsmiths in the informal economy in Cotonou, Benin. This research also allowed us to evaluate the blood impregnation of trace elements in tinsmiths compared to the background levels of the non-occupationally exposed male population of Cotonou. This part of the study required a first survey of 70 blood donors in Cotonou, in order to propose reference values for 29 trace elements. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Midombô on the site of the tinsmiths in the 3rd district of Cotonou in Benin. Study population: A total of 84 workshop managers out of 102 gave their agreement to participate in the study of work places and conditions (participation rate of 82.4 %). Among the 251 tinsmiths working in the 102 workshops investigated, 135 agreed to go to the “Erasmus” health center (53.8%) for free medical care. In this population, there were 31 apprentices (23.0 %) and 104 craftsmen or master craftsmen (77.0 %). Results: Noise levels greater than 85 decibels were observed in 58.3% of the workshops, with an average working time of 10 hours per day. This exposure can be the cause of hearing impairment (mild to severe) observed in 99, 3% of the cases. Direct exposure to metal fumes and dust (38.52 %) and the consumption of food at the workplace are the cause of metallic impregnation. For 6 trace elements, more than 20 % of the tinsmiths had blood concentrations above the reference values of the general population. These elements, classified from the lowest to the highest level of impregnation were molybdenum, copper, strontium, tin, antimony, and lead, respectively. Approximately 71% of the tinsmiths had lead levels above the 95th percentile of concentrations found in unexposed populations in Cotonou. 83% of the workers who were under 18 years of age had blood lead levels ≥ 100 μg / L. Uncorrected visual acuity (> 20%) and untreated arterial hypertension (27.4 %) were detected in the participating tinsmiths. Conclusion: Informal workers are in a very vulnerable situation due to poor social protection and a high level of exposure to occupational risks. Given the large number of employees in the informal sector, improving the occupational health and safety of these workers should help to strengthen human capital and reduce the incidence of occupational diseases that are still poorly documented
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Rakotomanana, Faly Héry. "Secteur informel urbain, marché du travail et pauvreté : essais d'analyse sur le cas de Madagascar." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40052/document.

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Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter, à travers divers essais et analyses empiriques,des éléments de réponses quant au rôle du secteur informel sur le marché du travail et la pauvretéà Madagascar, et tout particulièrement à Antananarivo, sa capitale. La thèse est organisée enquatre chapitres. Le premier chapitre présente les méthodologies d’appréhension du secteurinformel à Antananarivo : l’enquête 1-2-3 en deux phases sur le secteur informel et laconsommation des ménages, ainsi que l’élaboration de déflateurs spécifiques des agrégatséconomiques du secteur informel. Le second chapitre présente les spécificités du secteur informelà Antananarivo. Le troisième chapitre est consacré aux relations entre les activités informelles et lemarché du travail. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre s'intéresse aux liens entre secteur informel etpauvreté. La thèse aborde les dimensions économiques et sociales susceptibles de justifier despolitiques d’appui au secteur informel dans le cadre de la lutte contre la pauvreté : la contributiondes activités du secteur informel à l’incidence de la pauvreté et l’impact de l’exercice de ce typed'activités sur le bonheur individuel. Ces analyses conduisent à s’intéresser à ses caractéristiques,sa dynamique, ses faiblesses, les obstacles à son développement et les aides souhaitées par lesopérateurs, en particulier les besoins en microcrédit. Des analyses complémentaires sontproposées quant au choix d'exercer un travail indépendant et aux discriminations sur le marché,notamment dans sa dimension formelle/informelle
The main purpose of this thesis is to provide, through various articles and empirical analysis, someresponses about the role of the informal sector in labor market and poverty in Madagascar, with afocus on the case of Antananarivo. The thesis is organized in four chapters. The first one presentsmethodologies for investigating the informal sector in Antananarivo : the 1-2-3 survey in two stepson the informal production units and household consumption, and the development of economicaggregates deflators in the informal sector. The second chapter of this thesis presents thecharacteristics of the informal sector in Antananarivo. The third chapter is devoted to relationshipsbetween the informal and the labor market. The fourth and final chapter is dedicated to the analysisof the role of the informal sector on poverty. The thesis examines the social or economic interestsjustify the informal sector support in the fight against poverty: the contribution of informal sectoractivities on the incidence of poverty and the impact of exercise of informal activity on the individualhappiness. This leads to focus the analysis on its characteristics, dynamics, weaknesses, barriersto its development and aid desired by the operators, in particular the need for microcredit.Complementary analyses are also provided concerning the choice of self-employment anddiscrimination on the labor market along a formal/informal line
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Magniez, Bruno. "La Place du secteur informel dans l'économie brésilienne : une étude centrée sur le commerce de rue à João Pessoa." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0058.

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Ben, Yahmed Sarra. "Inégalité entre hommes et femmes sur le marché du travail, les rôles du commerce international et du secteur informel." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1089/document.

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Cette thèse traite deux questions relatives aux inégalités salariales entre hommes et femmes. Le premier et le deuxième chapitres analysent l'impact du commerce international sur les écarts de salaire entre hommes et femmes, tandis que le troisième chapitre se pose la question de l'influence du secteur informel sur ces écarts. Le premier chapitre montre que le commerce international peut avoir des effets opposés sur l'écart de salaire entre hommes et femmes via le canal de la concurrence. Les prédictions du modèle théorique sont testées par une analyse empirique des écarts de salaire en Uruguay sur une période incluant la création du Mercosur. Le deuxième chapitre étudie la façon dont l'intégration commerciale peut modifier les écarts de salaire entre hommes et femmes différemment en fonction des qualifications. Le modèle théorique montre que le commerce international creuse les écarts salariaux entre hommes et femmes qualifiés et réduit cet écart entre hommes et femmes non qualifiées. Le troisième chapitre conduit une analyse empirique des écarts de salaire entre hommes et femmes dans les emplois formels et informels au Brésil. Alors que l'écart brut de salaire est plus élevé dans le secteur informel que dans le secteur formel, les résultats indiquent que cette différence est un artefact de la composition de l'emploi dans les deux secteurs. Dans le secteur informel, la correction du biais de sélection réduit le différentiel de salaire, ajusté des caractéristiques productives, qui n'est plus significatif. Dans le secteur formel, en revanche, l'écart de salaire, ajusté des caractéristiques productives et corrigé de la sélection, demeure élevé et fortement significatif
This dissertation consists of three essays on gender wage inequality. The two first chapters explore the impact of international trade on the gender wage gap, while the third chapter deals with the role of the informal sector in shaping the gender wage gap. By integrating the taste-based theory of discrimination and the oligopolistic trade literature, the first chapter shows that international trade can have two opposite effects on the gender wage gap through the channel of competition. The predictions of the models are confirmed by an empirical analysis of gender wage gaps in Uruguay following the Mercosur trade agreement. The second chapter investigates how international trade impacts the gender wage gap at different points of the skill distribution, by incorporating statistical discrimination into a model of trade with heterogeneous firms and workers. The model shows trade integration reduces the gender wage gap among high-skilled workers but reduces the gender wage gap among unskilled workers. The third chapter investigates whether the gender wage gap differs in the formal and the informal segments of the labour market in Brazil. It shows that the higher raw wage gap in the informal sector is an artificial effect of the different sorting of men and women into formal and informal jobs. First, the female advantage in observable productive characteristics is stronger among formal employees. Second, selection into work status differs between men and women. In the informal sector, the selection-corrected gender wage gap is reduced and not significant anymore. In the formal sector, however, the selection-corrected gender wage gap is large and highly significant
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Books on the topic "Travail informel"

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Statistique Canada. Division des comptes nationaux et de l'environnement. Travail non rémunéré des ménages: Mesure et évaluation. Ottawa, Ont: Statistique Canada, 1995.

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Lachaud, Jean-Pierre. Le secteur informel urbain et le marché du travail en Afrique au Sud du Sahara. Genève, Suisse: Institut international d'études sociales, 1988.

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National Institute of Statistics (Cameroon). Deuxième enquête sur l'emploi et le secteur informel au Cameroun (EESI 2): Insertion sur le marché du travail. Yaoundé: République du Cameroun, Institut national de la statistique, 2012.

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Deuxième enquête sur l'emploi et le secteur informel au Cameroun (EESI 2): Distorsions et mobilité sur le marché du travail. Yaoundé: République du Cameroun, Institut national de la statistique, 2012.

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Office, International Labour. La traite des enfants aux fins d'exploitation de leur travail dans le secteur informel à Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: Rapport d'enquête. Côte d'Ivoire: Bureau international du travail, 2005.

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Klatzmann, Rosine. Le travail noir. 2nd ed. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1989.

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Travail au noir, informalité : liberté ou sujétion: Une lecture de travaux relatifs à l'économie informelle. Paris, France: Harmattan, 1999.

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D'Amours, Martine. Le travail indépendant: Un révélateur des mutations du travail. Québec: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2006.

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Babb, FlorenceE. Between field and cooking pot: The political economy of marketwomen in Peru. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.

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Patrick, Ischer, and Hainard François 1949-, eds. Le travail au noir: Pourquoi on y entre, comment on en sort? Paris: L'Harmattan, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Travail informel"

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Mancl, Dennis, and Steven D. Fraser. "COVID-19’s Influence on the Future of Agile." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 309–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_32.

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Abstract As a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the way the world works, collaborates, and plays has changed. Commerce has stalled with travel, hospitality, education, retail, and health sectors particularly affected. This paper is based on an XP 2020 panel organized by Steven Fraser and featuring Aino Corry, Steve McConnell, and Rachel Reinitz. The panel discussed the impact of COVID-19 on knowledge workers, the acceleration of digital workplace transformation, and anticipated long term effects from the pandemic in the context of agile practices. Four key observations emerged from the discussion: First, virtual collaboration between those working from home is enabled by a variety of communication tools – substituting for face-to-face interactions. Second, agile work practices are harder to perform given the virtual nature of meetings and interactions. Third, communication tools are not always adequate for high-bandwidth or informal interactions, such as brainstorming, side discussions, or hallway conversations. Fourth, forming new teams and onboarding staff is challenging in a virtual work environment.
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Volchek, Katerina, Joanne Yu, Barbara Neuhofer, Roman Egger, and Mattia Rainoldi. "Co-creating Personalised Experiences in the Context of the Personalisation-Privacy Paradox." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 95–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_8.

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AbstractThe personalisation-privacy paradox demonstrates a two-fold effect of tourists’ awareness about personalisation on their experience. Compulsory personal data agreements under the GDPR and similar legislation acts raise tourists’ concerns regarding privacy and security. The role of tourist awareness about the value of data-driven personalisation in their co-creation behaviour remains underexplored. This paper applies an exploratory experiment methodology to identify the effects of information about personalisation on tourists’ experience with travel information websites. It triangulates the data from eye-tracking and self-report techniques, to compare the co-creating behaviour of respondents who have or have not been informed about the value of personalisation. The study demonstrates the presence of a personalisation-privacy paradox. It further reveals that awareness about data-driven personalisation motivates tourists to reinforce value co-creation by ensuring the accuracy of information filtering. The study advances our understanding of tourist digital behaviour and provides insights for the design of personalised information services.
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Ba Gning, Sadio. "32. Les femmes dans le secteur informel." In Travail et genre dans le monde, 336–44. La Découverte, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dec.marua.2013.01.0336.

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"La protection sociale et le travail informel dans les couches moyennes." In Perspectives économiques de l'Amérique latine 2011, 89–126. OECD, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/leo-2011-8-fr.

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Gravatá Nicoli, Pedro Augusto, and Supriya Routh. "IV. Travail informel en Inde et au Brésil : du concept à une approche juridique complexe." In Qu'est-ce qu'un régime de travail réellement humain ?, 357–74. Hermann, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/herm.musso.2018.01.0357.

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Terkla, Dan. "Informal Catechesis and the Hereford Mappa Mundi." In The Art, Science, and Technology of Medieval Travel, 127–41. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315241265-10.

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Chilembwe, James Malitoni, and Frank Wadilika Gondwe. "Role of Social Media in Travel Planning and Tourism Destination Decision Making." In Handbook of Research on Social Media Applications for the Tourism and Hospitality Sector, 36–51. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1947-9.ch003.

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Today, tourism firms use social media to communicate and inform their clients about tourism destination offerings. Trip planners are utilizing social media to make informed decision making about tourists' destinations. With information technology and social media, travelers can get updates on their booked flights and hotels at a tourist destination. The growth of social media usage in tourism industry influences most of the firms to start adopting using social media. This chapter, therefore, focuses on the role of social media in travel planning and tourism destination decision making. It evaluates five cases whereby clients' use travel planning decisions but also changes or curtail plans as a result of social media communication. The survey study uses a simple random sampling procedure and interviewed 792 travelers using a structured questionnaire in ten tourist destinations covering developed and developing countries. The key results revealed that 92% of travelers make a booking but also change or curtail travel planning decisions for holidays through social media alerts.
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Gibson, David. "Bridging Informal and Formal Learning." In Advances in Game-Based Learning, 84–100. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-713-8.ch005.

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What is “one wikipedia’s” worth of time and effort outside of school? About 100 million hours of free labor, which illustrates one of the features of participatory media. How can formal education take advantage of the new digital media, Web 2.0 and the like? This chapter describes the architecture of participatory media and the transition in formal education needed to mine the spare time and effort of learners. Bringing participatory media into formal education necessitates a redesign of learning institutions as well as the art of teaching. At the same time, as unobtrusive performance assessment improves and becomes available, new information can enhance formal education by making clear the educative value of digital experiences outside of school. Teachers who are trained to travel both ways on the bridge can be highly effective in creating new learning experiences that function as spreadable media appropriated by teens and others in a myriad of new ways in the emerging participatory culture of schools of the future. The game-based learning framework of The Global Challenge Award program is used to illustrate the framework of the participatory media bridge between informal and formal education.
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Gorvine, William M. "Teachers, Practice, and Travel." In Envisioning a Tibetan Luminary, 67–94. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199362349.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 turns its attention to the formative phase of Shardza’s youth. The chapter explores how the biographies present the emergent inclinations and religious orientations shaping his temperament. These were determined in large part by a breadth of religious teachers, by the style of training he adopted, and by an important early pilgrimage he undertook that brought him into contact with a broader cultural world. These lasting and varied influences provided an important basis for alternative representations to emerge. They allowed Shardza to be ultimately fashioned by his biographer as an open-minded but well-informed polymath who transcends and reconciles typically contrasting religious types, becoming a great adept and a prolific scholar, a nonsectarian visionary, and a committed Bönpo monastic.
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Colbert, Dom. "Vaccines." In MCQs in Travel Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199664528.003.0009.

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A working knowledge of vaccinology is essential for anyone involved in travel medicine. This includes the storage, indications, scheduling, common side effects, usefulness, technique of administration and management of acute adverse reactions to any vaccine one gives. Those who administer vaccines should also be fully aware of the type of vaccine they are giving, should know exactly what is in the vaccine in question, should know its expected efficacy, and be able to roughly estimate a BCR. Giving unnecessary vaccines is reprehensible and unworthy of any doctor or nurse. In travel medicine, the ‘patient’, who is normally a healthy person, must be informed of the pros and cons of any proposed vaccine. Giving vaccines is only a part of the pre-travel consultation and is certainly not the most important part.
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Conference papers on the topic "Travail informel"

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Mbabazi, E., G. Walker, and C. J. Brown. "Exploring how a travel script can inform commuting decisions." In URBAN TRANSPORT 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut150521.

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Lu, Chung-Cheng, and Ta-Hui Yang. "Comparing network performance under the provision of predictive and prevailing travel information." In 2009 IEEE/INFORMS International Conference on Service Operations, Logistics and Informatics (SOLI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2009.5203940.

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Chiong, Raymond, Jofry Hadi Sutanto, and Wendy Japutra Jap. "A comparative study on informed and uninformed search for intelligent travel planning in Borneo Island." In 2008 International Symposium on Information Technology. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsim.2008.4631975.

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Costello, Bridget McKenney. "Travel as pedagogy: embodied learning in short-term study abroad." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11312.

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In this paper I discuss a model for creating embodied learning opportunities in study abroad curricula, which purposefully uses students’ physical movement through foreign landscapes to inform and enhance their understanding of local social, political, economic, cultural, and historical phenomena. Pedagogical tactics include: challenging and reframing the common distinction between “important” and “unimportant” instructional times and places; loosely structured itineraries that allow for greater student autonomy and collaboration; seeking multiple vantage points (both geographic and textual) from which to observe and analyze locations; purposeful and attentive travel between study locations that helps connect cognitive to visceral experience. These tactics help students cultivate the ability to read landscapes, a skill that them to understand a landscape not only as historical narrative but also as a social actor that influences and is influenced by the everyday practices of people who inhabit it. To demonstrate these strategies, I discuss how they were implemented in a recent short-term study abroad program to various sites within the former Yugoslavia.
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Acar, B. Serpil, and Alix M. Weekes. "Vehicle Entry and Egress in Pregnancy: A Systems Approach." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58149.

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Women experience a range of physical and emotional changes in pregnancy, which can impact upon their car travel. A major problem is vehicle entry and egress. This paper presents the systems approach used to gain insight into getting in and out of the car during the gestation period. The systems approach involves defining the system in terms of its objectives, subsystems, environment and interactions. A model of a vehicle system is used to interpret the problems and experiences of entry and egress reported by pregnant women. The analysis is based upon a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. Understanding the vehicle system helps to identify both how the changed attributes of pregnant women can affect the interactions of the system, and the influence of the system environment. The systems approach is used to present an analysis of vehicle entry and egress so that automotive designers can make informed design decisions.
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Valkonen, Janne, Grunde Løvoll, Magnus Strandmyr Eide, and Erik Løkken Walter. "COSSARC: Concept Selection for Shipping in the Arctic." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10063.

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Increased global demand for oil, gas and minerals combined with melting sea ice opens new opportunities for shipping companies, both in the form of new Arctic shipping routes and extended use of existing ones. It can be challenging for a ship owner to make informed decisions and plan for Arctic operations, as it requires complex techno-economical assessments of information that has a high degree of uncertainty. To aid ship-owners in making decisions for operation in the Arctic, DNV has developed a prototype decision support tool to assess strategic options: COSSARC — Concept Selection for Shipping in the Arctic. The tool integrates detailed models for ship performance both in ice and in open water with port and route alternatives to simulate travel time, fuel consumption, emissions and overall economics. The tool makes use of stochastic models for wave and ice conditions, but specific historical data or model data from climate models can also be taken as input. In this paper, the COSSARC tool is described, including a case study demonstrating the capabilities of the tool.
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Aziz, Nida, Tony Stockman, and Rebecca Stewart. "An Investigation Into Customisable Automatically Generated Auditory Route Overviews for Pre-navigation." In ICAD 2019: The 25th International Conference on Auditory Display. Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom: Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2019.029.

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While travelling to new places, maps are often used to determine the specifics of the route to follow. This helps prepare for the journey by forming a cognitive model of the route in our minds. However, the process is predominantly visual and thus inaccessible to people who are either blind or visually impaired (BVI) or doing an activity where their eyes are otherwise engaged. This work explores effective methods of generating route overviews, which can create a similar cognitive model as visual routes, using audio. The overviews thus generated can help users plan their journey according to their preferences and prepare for it in advance. This paper explores usefulness and usability of auditory routes overviews for the BVI and draws design implications for such a system following a 2-stage study with audio and sound designers and users. The findings underline that auditory route overviews are an important tool that can assist BVI users to make more informed travel choices. A properly designed auditory display might contain an integration of different sonification methods and interaction and customisation capabilities. Findings also show that such a system would benefit from the application of a participatory design approach.
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Haynes, E., R. Garside, J. Green, MP Kelly, J. Thomas, and C. Guell. "LB2 Applying machine learning to pooled qualitative studies on active travel: a method to uncover unanticipated patterns to inform behaviour change?" In Society for Social Medicine 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Hosted by the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 5–7 September 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-ssmabstracts.86.

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Wilson, Lee, Ferdinand Velez, Jason Lim, and Leah Boyd. "Incorporating Digital Solutions to Foster Greater Remote Engagement with Personnel." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30976-ms.

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Abstract Like most business sectors, the oil and gas industry had to adapt to virtual meetings and working from home in the new reality of the global COVID-19 pandemic. This has introduced new complications to completing activities that traditionally require personnel to be on site and collaborate in teams. This paper reviews digital initiatives that allow workers to collaborate virtually on EHS (Environmental, Health, & Safety)-driven practices such as safety audits and engage remotely for improved morale. Specifically, the paper reviews the recent implementation of digital connectivity solutions for remote workers to join virtual ‘Safety Walk and Talks’ in processing facilities and offshore platforms. It also reviews programs to promote connectivity between workers, including virtual town halls and online coffee-hours conversations. While these digitally enabled remote engagement initiatives are still relatively new, they have quickly provided benefits to the safe operation of offshore assets and the morale and mental wellbeing of the workforce. The first virtual ‘Safety Walk and Talk,’ which was conducted in Indonesia, brought together a cross-functional team that was split between a few in-person attendees and a majority of people joining virtually from remote locations. While the digital connection was not seamless, this first-of-its-kind virtual meeting proved the concept. The process improves EHS metrics by minimizing travel of teams to and from the site. It also keeps more people out of potentially hazardous work environments and minimizes exposure to coronavirus or other health hazards. Other digital connectivity measures such as virtual town halls and worker-submitted videos have increased engagement between management, workers, and teams located around the globe. A virtual ‘Coffee Roulette’ program, in which workers spin a virtual wheel that connects them with other employees for informal chats, has allowed people to make new connections and feel less isolated.
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Lu, Alex, Thomas Marchwinski, Robert Culhane, and Xiaojing Wei. "Estimation of Pre-COVID19 Daily Ridership Patterns From Paper and Electronic Ticket Sales Data With Origin-Destination, Time-Of-Day, and Train-Start Detail on a Commuter Railroad: Quick-Response Big Data Analytics in a World Steeped With Tradition." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-59109.

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Abstract Our niche method independently estimates hourly commuter rail station-to-station origin-destination (OD) matrix data each day from ticket sales and activation data from four sales channels (paper/mobile tickets, mail order, and onboard sales) by extending well-established transportation modelling methodologies. This algorithm’s features include: (1) handles multi-pack pay-per-ride fare instruments not requiring electronic validation, like ten-trip paper tickets “punched” onboard by railroad conductors; (2) correctly infers directionality for direction-agnostic ticket-types; (3) estimates unlimited ride ticket utilization patterns sufficiently precisely to inform vehicle assignment/scheduling; (4) provides integer outputs without allowing rounding to affect control totals nor introduce artifacts; (5) deals gracefully with cliff-edge changes in demand, like the COVID19 related lockdown; and (6) allocates hourly traffic to each train-start based on passenger choice. Our core idea is that the time of ticket usage is ultimately a function of the time of sale and ticket type, and mutual transformation is made via probability density functions (“patterns”) given sufficient distribution data. We generated pre-COVID daily OD matrices and will eventually extend this work to post-COVID inputs. Results were provided to operations planners using visual and tabular interfaces. These matrices represent data never previously available by any method; prior OD surveys required 100,000 respondents, and even then could neither provide daily nor hourly levels of detail, and could not monitor special event ridership nor specific seasonal travel such as summer Friday afternoons.
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Reports on the topic "Travail informel"

1

Finke, Reinald G. Some Informal Thoughts on Relativity and Limitations on Interstellar Travel. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230575.

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S. Abdellatif, Omar, Ali Behbehani, Mauricio Landin, and Sarah Malik. Bahrain COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/ucrg0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, and Ali Behbehani. Italy COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/itl0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, states agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some states refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, and Ali Behbehani. Jordan COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/jord0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, states agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some states refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, and Ali Behbehani. Saudi Arabia COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/ksa0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, states agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some states refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Abdellatif, Omar, Ali Behbehani, and Mauricio Landin. Finland COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/fin0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, and Ali Behbehani. Netherlands COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/nl0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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S. Abdellatif, Omar, Ali Behbehani, and Mauricio Landin. Australia COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/astr0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Abdellatif, Omar, Ali Behbehani, and Mauricio Landin. Japan COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/japn0501.

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The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, countries agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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10

S. Abdellatif, Omar, Ali Behbehani, and Mauricio Landin. Iran COVID-19 Governmental Response. UN Compliance Research Group, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/iran0501.

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Abstract:
The International Health Regulations (2005) are legally binding on 196 States Parties, Including all WHO Member States. The IHR aims to keep the world informed about public health risks, through committing all signatories to cooperate together in combating any future “illness or medical condition, irrespective of origin or source, that presents or could present significant harm to humans.” Under IHR, states agreed to strengthen their public health capacities and notify the WHO of any such illness in their populations. The WHO would be the centralized body for all countries facing a health threat, with the power to declare a “public health emergency of international concern,” issue recommendations, and work with countries to tackle a crisis. Although, with the sudden and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the world, many countries varied in implementing the WHO guidelines and health recommendations. While some countries followed the WHO guidelines, others imposed travel restrictions against the WHO’s recommendations. Some states refused to share their data with the organization. Others banned the export of medical equipment, even in the face of global shortages. The UN Compliance Research group will focus during the current cycle on analyzing the compliance of the WHO member states to the organizations guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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