Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Travail scolaire – France – 1945-'
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Morel, Stanislas. "L'échec scolaire en France (1960-2010) : sociologie d'un champ d'intervention professionnelle." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0049.
Full textThis thesis deals with the "social problem" of school failure from the space of the profession al groups involved in its definition and / or remediation. This space is approached as a "field of professional intervention". We study its genesis during the 1960s, its structuration in the 1970s and its changes to the present day. The purpose is not only to consider epistemological controversies on the causes of the phenomenon and ways to solve it, but also competition between different professional groups or institutions whose activity is related to the care of children in trouble at school. Historically changing, such competition between practitioners nevertheless stabilize in multidisciplinary work organisation (educational, psychological, medical and "social") supposed to avoid corporatism and to permit the implementation of an appropriate response because global and concerted. After tracing the genesis of this type of work organization, the thesis analyze its effects on profesionnal issues, on the basis of a series of case studies conducted in three institutions for pupils academically deviant (an elementary school, a child guidance center and an hospital ward specialised in "Iearning disorders"). The ethnography of work (observations / interviews) allows also to display the plurality of responses to school failure as well as the technical and moral division of work of remediation in each of the three institutions studied
Montoya, Yves. "Violence en milieu scolaire et politique publique en éducation : évolution du phénomène au collège (1995-99) et évaluation du plan d'expérimentation et de lutte contre la violence scolaire." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR21001.
Full textShin, Seon-Mee. "Rapports sociaux d'enseignement : le "Mode de Production de la Force de Travail (MPFT)" et les rapports sociaux d'enseignement : la gestion des flux scolaires dans les systèmes scolaires de Corée du sud et de France." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082082.
Full textIn order to understand the production of labour force through the school system, the thesis proposes the concept of "Mode of Production of the Labour Force (MPLF)" on the base of ALTHUSSER's theories. It is composed of the "forces of education" and the"social relations of education. " The thesis analyzes these relations within the context of deciding on the orientation of pupils in secondary schools, particularly as regards "high school structure reform" in Korea (1990-1995) and the implementation of the "80% policy" in France (1980-1992). We used statistics on education and labour, previous studies and official documents. The main focus of the analysis is the hierarchical order and the opposition between the different elements within social relations of education. The thesis analysed also the articulation of the different contradictions : contradiction within the social relations of education, contradiction of the forces of education, contradiction within the relations of production
Martin, Jérôme. "Le mouvement d’orientation professionnelle en France. Entre l’école et le marché du travail (1900-1940). Aux origines de la profession de conseiller d’orientation." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040131.
Full textBetween the 1900s and the 1940s, the concept of professional orientation is built at the confluence of three fields: lay of sponsorships and associations concerned with the placement youth at the end of primary school; education officials are concerned about limited number of apprentices; early psychologists propose the use of testing for the assignment of the labour force. The 1920s were marked by the creation of many offices. Supported by social and professional environments very different, the vocational guidance movement is professionalizes gradually, partly through the creation of the National Institute of vocational guidance (INOP) and professional associations. The 1930s constitute a turning point. The rise of unemployment and the skilled labour needs require a reorganization of the device
Lemonnier, Jean-Marc. "La culture sportive, scolaire et extra scolaire, des jeunes de 1960 à 1980 : désirs de sport et réalités institutionnelles et sociales." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN1592.
Full textIn a context of France’s economic growth and the development of mass culture, the 1960s to 1980s were marked with the blooming of the “youth” culture. The latter, through specific media, carried values and practices which were peculiar to the youth. From that time, the question of the confrontation between that cultural universe and that of school culture was raised. In the sport field as well as in the sport and physical education field, the following research study analyzes the cohabitation of the two “schools”. From the point of view of cultural history, this work exploits the files of a survey carried out in 1966 and high school pupils’ essays from the 1970s. On top of those two main corpuses an analysis of youth magazines and interviews with former pupils in the studied period can be found. The research study first characterizes the values, the relation to competition, champions and leisure activities which were specific to this “teenage culture”. Secondly, the focus of the study moves into the school institution and tries to grasp the conflicts or the attempts at bridging the gap between a school-patterned physical education and the youth’s expectations. The diversity of the definitions of sport makes the analysis more complicated still and entails a wide range of relations to sport and to sport and physical education as a school subject. One of the outcomes of the research study is to show how strained the relations were between those youth sport cultures and normative institutional realities
Grenet, Julien. "Démocratisation scolaire, politiques éducatives et inégalités : une évaluation économique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0029.
Full textThis thesis evaluates the economic impact of three of the most important educational policies that fostered the democratization of education in France: the lengthening of compulsory education, the definition of school catchment areas and the practice of secondary school tracking. This work's main objective is to measure the consequences of these policies on various forms of educational inequalities using French data: these include economic inequalities, socio-spatial inequalities and inequalities induced by the date of birth. We start by assessing the impact of the Berthoin reform, which raised in 1967 the minimum school leaving age from 14 to 16, on educational and labor market outcomes and compare its effects to those of the 1973 British Education Act, which raised the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 in the United Kingdom. We then perform a theoretical and empirical analysis of the interaction between school admission ruIes, residential stratification and educational inequalities. We develop a theoretical model to evaluate the properties of alternative school enrollment schemes (strict school zoning, redrawing of school attendance boundaries, school choice) and then quantify the impact of middle school performance on housing prices in the city of Paris. Finally, we carry out a systematic evaluation of the effects of the month of birth on educational attainment and labor market outcomes
Kornig, Cathel. "La fidélisation des intérimaires permanents : une stabiblité négociée." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0070.
Full textTemporary work appeared in France in the 1950s and developed in an exponential manner. In its establishment in a French setting, this type of employment is characterized as the 'epitime of precariousness'. 'Temporary' workers compound instability with relation to work, to career and to employer. However, 20 % of temporary employees wish to remain in temporary employment. Why does this minority choose precariousness ? The analysis of the interaction between the strategies of employers and the working conditions of temporary employees highlights a differential management of interim employees. Two types coexist : mass intern employees and individualized interim employees. The interests of companies and permanent temporary employees forge a particular employment relationship which makes it possible to explain this choice by the interim employee and to reconsider the bond hitherto established between precariousness of employment and short term contracts
Bélanger, Nathalie. "La psychologie à l'école et l'enfance "inadaptée" : le cas de la psychologie scolaire en France après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H072.
Full textThe dissertation aims at relativising the commonly accepted notion that school psychology was necessary to the transformation of the school system in which access has become generalized and where the number of "children having difficulties in adaptating" has been on the increase since the emergence of modem societies. School psychologists recruited from 1945 on wards in order to grapple with that was perceived as a priority educational issue met with resistance from teachers not sharing this perception. With this divergence in mind, archives were consulted and interviews held with psychologists to account for the problematic development of school psychology in France as regards the emergence of the special education sector in particular. The conclusion shows, especially, the practices of school psychology and the field of special education whose growth was significant between 1945 and 1965. Which field each other and whose development is inextricably linked
Baudeau, Audrey. "La question laïque en France dans le domaine scolaire pendant l'entre-deux-guerres (1919-1939)." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H018.
Full textThe laic question in the school field in France during the inter-war period studied under the angle of the debates to the House of Commons makes it possible to reveal and to confront the thought of the politicians on this question. This research proposes a synchronic reading which makes it possible to confront secularity with various governmental times; and a diachronic reading and set of themes which makes it possible to study the evolution of the laic questionings (state education of morals, financing of the private schools, statute of Alsace and the Moselle. . . ) between 1919 and 1939. Our research is also interested in the bond between secularity, the youth movements and education perished and continuation. How the laic idea evolves during this time of political instability ? Secularity, far from being an immutable principle, proves a concept with the multiple forms rather. However, it is during the inter-war period that in an irreductible way this multiplicity of secularity ties
Omnès, Catherine. "Marchés du travail et trajectoires professionnelles : les ouvrières parisiennes de l'Entre-deux-guerres." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100123.
Full textThe thesis is focused on the process of social, geographical and professional mobility of the female factory workers, living in the region of Paris during the interwar period. The exploitation of original sources allowed a longitudinal survey of the life course process of several generations of women. Three conclusions may be drawn from this thesis: - By contrast with a general assumption, the women labor market cannot be considered only as a secondary market containing poor paying, insecure and unattractive jobs. The women labor market is a segmented market (internal markets professional markets. . . ). - The longitudinal survey leads to emphasize the differences between the women born in Paris and those born in the rural or urban countries. - Even though the social and professional mobility of the female workers was very limited, the evidence is that the women born in 1911 were more likely to experience a higher degree of mobility that those born between 1882 and 1901, this in relation with the economic and social conditions of the labor market
Dufour, Lucas. "Les déterminants de l'intégration des jeunes à faible capital scolaire au sein des organisations." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32083.
Full textLe, Crom Jean-Pierre. "L'organisation des relations professionnelles en France (1940-1944) : corporatisme et charte du travail." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT4004.
Full textThe organisation of relationships at work in france over the 1940-44 period was mainly characterized by the promulgation of the labor charter on October 4 th, 1941. The new social organisation of trades can be explained by the lack of stability of the law of collective relationships at work in the period between w. W. 1. And w. W. 2. , by the revival of corporatist ideas in the 1930s, as well by strictly political factors (anticommunism, breaking off by by the vichy regim from political and cultural norms. . . ) more than just a law, it is a fundamental framework, whose first aim is to tranfer an important part of the power to make regulations to the trade themselves. Badly written and unfinished, this text is also ambiguous in so far as it provides for several forms of organisation. It is the outcome of a compromise between the clans that were fighting over the power in vichy : the traditionalists against the neo trade-unionists behind their leader rene belin, the minister of employment and former confederal secretary of the cgt. The use of hitherto unpublished sources shows that this conflict lasted till the French liberation in spite of various changes in ministers. The result of this ambitious project, which have been measured, confirm its failure, a failure which is nevertheless limited by the influence of its main ideas
Hugrée, Cédric. "L'échappée belle : parcours scolaires et cheminements professionnels des étudiants d'origine populaire diplômés de l'Université (1970-2010)." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT3031.
Full textThis thesis analyses the French university graduates working-class students scholarship and career paths. The first part deals with the emergence of a student issue, which is gradually focussed on integration in the work place. Preoccupied with the immediately most rentable training courses, a lot of observers don’t really know the career paths followed by the “children of school democratisation”, as Stéphane Beaud called them. The second part then puts this notion to the test of statistical datas concerning educational paths and of an ethnographic survey on twenty two graduates students of Nantes and Le Mans universities since early 2000’s. It exposes the “high” part of this generation: objectively and subjectively, their studies appear to be honourable. Based on this ethnographic survey and on different longitudinal datas concerning integration in the work place, the third part analyses then their first jobs. It shows what is at stake for this working-class students: how to convert their honourable study into reasonable social upward mobility. Finally, the double meaning of the French expression “échappée belle” sounds clear: a beautiful breakaway, but with the feeling of a narrow escape
Granaux, Sonia. "Les comités d'hygiène, de sécurité et des conditions de travail (CHSCT) dans les établissements de fabrication de produits chimiques : étude comparative des pratiques d'une institution de santé au travail méconnue." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0045.
Full textThe health security-work conditions-committee is an independent employee representative bodie which is compulsory in establishments with more than 50 employees. His mission is to make participate workers, by the intermediary of employee representatives elected in second degree, at the protection of their health, their security and at the improvement of their working conditions. This institution symbol in the health working area is borned in 1947, nevertheless, the analyse of its real role and inscription in the game of social reports is a dead angle of sociological knowledge on the organization of prevention in high risks industries. This report tries to reveal the mechanismes of the real functioning of committees. Centred on the chemical industry, this research show that the realisation by the employee representatives of the tree more important missions of the committee (work accidents, occupational ilInesses, inspections of establishment) vary according two types of factories, which are : the social capital of employee representatives and the power struggle between workers and employer. The crossing of this two factories determines four types of committees: the employer committee, the preventive committee, the defensive committee and the leaving committee. The application of this roast analysis at tree case: lnéos Lavéra (13), plateforme chimique de Roussillon (38) et Adisséo Conunentry (03), show that the committees can pass by different types. Are also approached, in a fourth transversal case, subcontracting situations where the application of the typology and the legislation about committees find its limits
Pattieu, Sylvain. "Mouvement syndical et tourisme populaire en France (1945 – années 1980) : le cas de "Tourisme et travail"." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA083724.
Full textThe confluence of French trade union confederation and tourism through social tourism associations linked to them was part of the instauration of a wage-earning society that reached its peak during “les Trente Glorieuses”, the thirty-year boom period after World War II. From 1945 on to the 1980s, to meet the new needs of the workers, trade unions set up a system of association-based holyday organisation, in a form influenced by the experience of Tourisme et Travail, closely linked to CGT. They tried to assign tourism a meaning beyond a mere leisure activity and in collaboration with elected workers’ councils, endowed themselves with installations and equipments in France and abroad; in this undertaking, they were supported by growing investments of public authorities. A small militant elite coming from trade unions specialised in tourism and was in charge with providing nominal earnings to its working-class users. Acting both as service providers and protest movements, at the crossroads between trade-unionism and the tourism market, these associations had to manage the contradictions between the initial project of popular education and re-appropriation by users. In the 1980s, changes in the social, political and economical situation led to serious difficulties. Enjoined to choose between a cultural project – at the expense of a social concern – and their role in assisting the poorest, associations had to give up their objectives of popular education. Tourisme et travail, going bankrupt, turned into a commercial company. The market, in the context of social or solidarity economy, then represented a way to change activity for individuals or organisations coming from the trade union movement and social tourism
Puybouffat-Merrien, Rose. "Vichy et les femmes : ordre moral, contrôle social, accommodement et résistances : famille, jeunesse, travail." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0018.
Full textSirot, Stéphane. "Les conditions de travail et les grèves des ouvriers à Paris de 1919 à 1935." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070138.
Full textThe presents theisi is organized in three axis. The first one gives a broad outlook of the labour conditions of the parisian workers between 1919 and 1935. It underlines the frequent painfulness of these conditions, not much different from before world war i, while the methods of labour rationalization have not really been applied where large scale industry was but little established. The second part describes and analyses the movement of strikes and their components. It appears that years 1919-1935 have known comparatively few social conflucts, at a time when the circumstances, particulary in the economic area did not favour the working class pugnacity. In the capital city, metal workers were in the forefront of the social movement, ahead of the building-trade. Moreover, when they went on strike, the workers most of the time claimed and increase in their salaries. The last part considers the progress of social movements. From 1919 to 1935, a real rationalization of the strike took place under the influence of very active trade unions. As to the other actors, namely the state and the employers, though inclined to repress easily they could also play conciliation
Leray, Isabelle. "Approche juridique du travail des femmes dans l'entre-deux-guerres." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT4002.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of women's exclusion in labour market between 1919 and 1939. In the first part, we can see that in spite of women's integration in economy, crisis, unemployment and decrease of birth rate to a calling into question of women's work. The family politic of this time is based on the refusal of women's work and the civil code which protects family to the detriment of women's rights. The second part deals with the women's work conditions. We want to prove that discriminations against women are justified by the protection of maternity. Even in the labour law the woman is principally a mother and a wife
Norvez, Alain. "L'enfance d'âge pré-scolaire dans la France contemporaine : étude démographique et sociale." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H038.
Full textThis study deals with the action undertaken society in favor of a population definite by its age : the infants under six. Since the end of world war second the place of infant in our society has been deeply modified. The studied period shows a clear opposition between what was done to fight against death and improve health conditions on one hand, and on the other hand, what was achieved to include very young infants in the society, outside their family circles. If the fight in favour of infants' health was granted political health, their insertion in kindergartens was rather neglected. That seems to be due to the fact that the increase of feminine employment has not been taken into consideration. The explanation of the phenomenon can probably be found in the everlasting feminine role : without denying her participation in the economic life, everything has been done as if the mother had to stay at home to bring up her children ! It seems necessary to orientate things differently: to encourage at the same time women's motherly part and, their participation in the productive process and the present social life. Under these circumstances, it would be possible for infants to find the place which should be theirs on the edge of the twenty first century
Rocherieux, François. "Recherches sur la dynamique de l'emploi et les structures industrielles en économie ouverte : la France 1959-1983." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100045.
Full textBecouarn, François. "La scolarisation de premier cycle dans le Finistère depuis la deuxième guerre mondiale." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010549.
Full textSpina, Raphaël. "La France et les Français devant le service du travail obligatoire (1942-1945)." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749560.
Full textRouillon, Laurence. "L'ordre scolaire dans les écoles élémentaires (1950-2001) : évolution des relations d'autorité entre les directeurs, les instituteurs et les élèves dans les écoles du Val-de-Marne." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0035.
Full textThis thesis treats the subject of the evolution of relations of authority in elementary schools since 1950. It describes the order in the school system which existed in 1950 and analyses the changes that have occured since the 1970's. It presents the structural and conjunctural factors that have contributed to this evolution and which have lead to the simultaneous liberation of the teachers from under the authority of the directors and the profound transformation of the disciplinary control over the students. The modification of teachers disciplinary practises has given rise to a differential order in the school system, which varies according to the social recruitment of the schools and the teachers themselves. It has also contributed in making discipline more difficult in lower-income neighbourhoods. But studies conducted in schools and in the classrooms have shown that is possible for certain teachers to teach in even the most difficult establishments without becoming overwhelmed by disciplinary problems
Bruno, Anne-Sophie. "César, Azzedine, Zouiza et les autres : Marchés du travail et trajectoires sociales des migrants de Tunisie en région parisienne (de 1956 à nos jours)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS025S.
Full textMigrants from Tunisia are an exceptional laboratory for understanding socio-economical integration to the parisian labor market during the second 20th century. The labor market segmentation approach provides a useful framework for analysing the issue of gender and nationality differences in occupational mobility, in the context of a tri-partite segment structure-the small firm's segment being added to the primary and secondary segments. Based on a statistical analysis of 421 retirements records, this dissertation underlines the interest of using matched employee-employer surveys. Labor market's heterogeneity reveals coexistence of different modes of wages relations, which create important wages and mobility differentials. Crossing postcolonial migrations, labor market economics and occupational mobility, this study examines interactions between the construction of social identities and construction of a segmented labor market. It suggests an historical apporach for understanding the functioning of the parisian labor market after 1956, considering the effects of the 1970's crisis on national and non national migrants' trajectories
Sceaux, Catherine. "Les classes de perfectionnement depuis 1945. Genese,enjeux ideologiques,evolution des institutions, responsabilites des acteurs." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA054021.
Full textZagni, Stéphanie. "Les acteurs du contrôle des licenciements économiques des salariés non protégés dans les entreprises "in bonis", de l'ordonannace du 24 mai 1945 à la loi de Modernisation sociale." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33007.
Full textBonnéry, Stéphane. "Des supposées évidences scolaires aux présupposés des élèves : la co-construction des difficultés scolaires des élèves de milieux populaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677895.
Full textChatelain-Dumeste, Florence. "Action publique et construction d'une nouvelle activité de travail : le dispositif des auxiliaires d'intégration (ou de vie) scolaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX24005.
Full textBruliard, Luc. "Transformation du système scolaire et innovation de la pédagogie Freinet : l'exemple de la Commission enseignement spécialisé de l'Institut coopératif de l'école moderne (1945-1993)." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20901.
Full textThis research aims at studying the publications from a french group of teachers belonging to the ICEM Freinet teaching methods, they met under the name of the "Commission enseignement spécialisé de l'ICEM". The study of the publications enables us to grasp the way specialized training in France is understood. These teachers are trying to cope with the structural and teaching changes in specialized training. The members of the commission belong to the Freinet approach. They actively take part in the changing teaching methods by introducing clinical psychology, psychoanalysis and sociology. This commission is part and parcel of this transformation. All these new data given by the publications dialing with specialized training (articles in specialized magazines) contribue to knowing the teachers involved in the transformation of the system of education. Actually the vole of the commission regarding the transformation of the system of education is not important whereas as far as teaching is concerned new trends have been observed
Salmona, Michèle. "Les cultures techniques et le travail des paysans français face aux politiques publiques de vulgarisation et d'incitation économique." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070033.
Full textThe thesis presents, in its first part, the technical cultures, work, and professions of stock-breeder and market-gardener. This analysis is characterized by an access to the affective, cognitive, imaginary dimensions of work and to the natural and living supports of that work. Referring to french books and oral african traditions, an historical approach introduces an enrichment of the study of the work through a comparison with important stock-breeding and market-gardening societies. The second part deals with the affects of cultural pauperization and with the emerging pathologies bound to methods of popularization and to paradoxes conveyed by national politics of economical incitement. Interdisciplinary methods are required to value those politics in order to approximate the psychical costs as well as the tactics of resistance among groups, to the denial of technical cultures
Monfort, Valérie. "Les étudiants de première année à l'université et le travail scolaire : l'exemple de deux filières : Sciences et AES." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0076.
Full textIt is well known fact that since the sixties the failure rate at the end of the first year in french university has been high. Failures concern both science students who have heretofore had good academic results and those who enrol in the economics faculty (AES) who have, on the contrary, had limited success. This failure within the two first years can partly be explained by working conditions. We intend to explain this phenomenon by analysing how students adapt to the working situation to which they are confronted in their first year at university. The method is based upon long time fieldwork observing students in four universities enrolled in the science and economics department (AES)
Hwang, Ko Hwang Sung-Mon. "Socialisation scolaire et éducation nouvelle. Travail de groupe (R. Cousinet) et pédagogie Freinet : étude comparative." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUEL251.
Full textRoger Cousinet (1881-1973) and Célestin Freinet (1896-1966) are major advocates of new education philosophy, a progressive ideology in education. They assert that an institution should be changed into the place which develops student's socialities. The primary objective of this study is to consider several differences of the educational methods (group study of R. Cousinet and Freinet's teaching method) and to compare and constrast their ideas : the principles and school practices of these pedagogues. The comparison is focused on school socialization. R. Cousinet and C. Freinet regard it as a final objective or educational process. The socialization is characterized by following three aspects : acculturation, personalization and individualization. According to these three processes, socialization in new education (progressive education) consists of constructing personal culture and collective life, increasing the awareness of responsibilities. The comparative analysis of these two schools of thought takes place in the two stages : observation of public school classes (class group study, class Freinet) and understanding the specifications of Cousinet's and Freinet's methods. Accordingly, how to read and interpret their literary work depends primarily on the three characteristics of their teaching and learning methods. Three elements are based on expression, interest and responsibility
Bayle, Alpin Marie-Laure. "La mission d'insertion des établissements scolaires en Aquitaine : étude de la politique éducative d'insertion du système éducatif. La mise en œuvre de la politique d'insertion sociale et professionnelle des jeunes dans les lycées en tant qu'organisations scolaires (1993-1997)." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR21002.
Full textHow policy related to the integration of young people within the national education system is conceived and implemented in high schools? Our basic question relative to the integration vocation of the educational system involves facing the problems implied in the social and professional integration of young people. In a synchronic study concerning the notion of integration in the scientific and political community, concepts related to social and professional integration have been identified. In a diachronic study based on a historical approach of school missions, the role of the school in the integration process has been restored. These two studies were established that social integration rests on j. Rose's professional transition concept. Integration is considered as a socially modelised process under the influence of the state, schools and their structures. This has been confirmed by an analysis of official texts from 1985 to 1996. Another issue concerns the educational system regarding itself politically as the institutional framework for social integration. Within this framework, institutional, public service, administrative and state policy concepts as well as the school organization are analysed in order to study high schools working as the basic for the implementation of the educative policy. In our study, we have found that schools include two different but complementary reasonings, a national and a local one. Implementing an integration policy regards the field of organizational sociology. To answer the question about the social integration mission that is, whether it is a local adaptation to the state decisions or a local decision, we can say that both national and local propositions or initiatives are closely related
Poullaouec, Tristan. "La grande transformation : familles ouvrières, école et insertion professionnelle, 1960-2000." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS010S.
Full textThis thesis analyses how working-class families have adapted their strategies of reproduction since the sixties, following the transformations undergone by school and labor market. The first part studies why most workers now aspire to see their children access executive jobs. More and more, their wish is even to see their children succeed in the profession of their choice, provided they do well in their studies. This is no less than a cultural revolution: parents now put all their hopes in school outcomes, rally in support of their children's school work, and engage in steering them towards general secondary schools. Depending on the quality of primary school apprenticeships, three different types of educational paths stand out: successful careers involving students who get through their “bac general” diploma without repeating a grade, unsuccessful careers involving students who leave school early or with no diploma, and in between, a diversity of median careers, from difficult to mediocre. The second part shows how the transition to work of those children growing up in working-class families partly depends on the quality of their school experiences. The strategies adopted by parents who use their relations for their children to access employment, on the other hand, contribute to maintain children in subordinate positions. Long study strategies are then compared to the results obtained. Whereas professional education leads more and more to subordinate positions, degrees beyond the “bac” appear as being the weapon of the weaks: not only do they remain efficient to access executive positions, but they are still the best protection to avoid being unemployed and declassified
Jacquemart, Antoinette. "Les déperditions d'élèves en France 1960-1985 : ce qu'elles révèlent, ce qu'elles suggèrent." Lyon 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO20054.
Full textThis research aims at identifying how stable was the french school attribution of form numbers of pupils along the 12 level; for 27 years, the average of the last form number is about 13 of the initial one, in spite one, in spite of increase and reforms; the key ratio to national a local percentages is the number of baccalaureates to form numbers. Attrition seems so to be the relation between the structure and nature of the system and national numbers. But the out put, though regulated, depends on the structure of populations : locally the gap between best and worst reaches 15 pts on large areas to 28 pts (DEPRTMTS) and 40-60 on district scale. This raises two questions: what is the nature of the system? How and why does it depend on the influence of surroundings (economic, social, professional), specialy during the first 7 years of schooling?The second part deals with age, sex and social belonging of pupils in connexion with the system. In each social group, there are pupils fitting with it, but it is largely depending on cultural and professional levels of parents and schools; anyway there is a gap for 2 3 of the pupils, early enough, between our didactics and their types of cognition. This raises the next questions: how does brain work? What is the part of relationship between growth and the acquisition of meaning? What can we trace out of school bulletins showing off personal cognitive routes in skills and performances?
Guillotin, Yves. "Les carrières salariales en France : 1967-1982." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100105.
Full text70 000 wage earner's careers, that are individual life earning profiles, were built in france on a 15 years period. The career's analysis is based on the human capital theory and allows to confirm the role of schooling and seniority in the definition of wages. The function of experience in the analysis is discussed and careers are defined and computered under the longrun steady state hypothesis. Earning functions are tested on longitudinal datas. The wage earner's career is the result of individualistic character accumulation for one third and of collective economic factors for two third
Zalc, Claire. "Immigrants et indépendants, parcours et contraintes : les petits entrepreneurs étrangers dans le département de la Seine (1919-1939)." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100129.
Full textThe immigrants who opened workshops or shops or went into peddling in the Seine Department between the two world wars hardly fit the usual profile of "immigrant workers". Shunning foreign labour recruitment networks, they basically defined themselves by their independent status. A primary source in this work, the Trade Register instituted in 1919 was the first administrative documentation identifying traders by nationality. Yet, petty trade after the First World War remained open to all, irrespective od nationality. To define the status of these immigrants one is led to assess their social standing according to their progress. This research asserts the prevalence of time and of migration patterns in the paths leading to independence. Foreign petty traders differential among themselves between "pioneer" and "established" traders. .
Raggi, Pascal. "Les mineurs de fer au travail (1945-1975) : les évolutions du travail ouvrier dans les mines de fer de Lorraine." Nancy 2, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/NANCY2/doc367/2006NAN21018.pdf.
Full textThe Labour Process and the Iron Miners analyses the daily work of workers in the iron mines of the Lorraine region from 1945 to 1975. It uses contemporary documents from the period in which the mines operated and - more importantly - oral history interviews with ex-workers, allowing this thesis to discuss the individual and collective aspects of the miner's trade. Previous historiographical developments in the history of mining are considered : to these, this thesis introduces the innovation of concentrating on the iron-miners and their labour, noting how their work led many of the transformations of mining. Through research using previously-ignored archives and publications which have rarely been examined by historians (principally technical journals for mining engineers), the thesis demonstrates that the iron-miner's trade never became technologically backward. In fact, this was a sector marked by its modernity, even at the moment of its disappearance : it was a trade which prefigured the great economic and social transformations of the late twentieth century and early twenty-first century
Lebrun, Bernard. "Les origines d'une éducation physique sportive scolaire : 1943-1950 : analyse à partir de la revue " Les Notes techniques de l'ENSEP "." Rennes 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN20006.
Full textAlthough physical education had been a medical discipline from the beginning of the 20 th century, after the Libération, in a institutional context favorable to the scholastic norms, the young instructors of ENSEP boys developed a new understanding of physical education as a scholl subject. An analysis of the contents of the journal Les Notes techniques de l'ENSEP allows one to understand the origine of this new method and to follow its spread. After 1945, the spread of this pedagogic approach was relatively swift. The weakening of Swedish gymnastics and the disappearance of Hebertism's audience aided its emergence. The creation of the Ecole normale for girls in 1946 and foreign influences slowed its spread without interruping it. The period betwen 1940 and 1950 was anbiguous, as eclecticists continued to resit. After 1950, this method of physical education spreads to nearly the entire professional world
Didry, Claude. "La construction juridique de la convention collective en France : 1900-1919." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0083.
Full textThis thesis aims at entlighting the legal work that led to the vote of the first law on collective agreelments in france. This legal work consists in contradictory debates in organisations such as societe d'etudes legislatives. The first chapter presents the hypothesis of a plurality of possible worlds of law. This hypothesis then allows us to asess the significance of sociological analysis about the "groupes professionnels". The third chapter is dedicated to the construction of the "contrat collectif" from the jurisprudence on the "syndicats professionnels". The fourth and the fifth chapters show how collective agreements emerge from the criticism of the "contrat collectif" and its integration in a larger set. Such an emphasis ont he first law on collective agreements offers new insights on the ruptures which later laws led to
Bertou, Marius. "La politique culturelle de la CGT : de la scission à la réunification : (1921-1936)." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080725.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is a comparative study of trade union approaches - reformist or revolutionary - in the field of culture, the two groupe being at that time organized in two trade union centres : the cgt and the cgtu. This cultural policy was emphasized in the congresses of the cgt and the cgtu. Minutes of those congresses, newspapers, "vie ouvriere", the weekly magazine of the cgtu. "le peuple", the daily paper of the cgt, constitute the majority of sources which were used. The results of the research, contained in two parts, with the thirties constituting the dividing line, lead to two essential conclusions. Cultural leisure activities coincide perfectly, whether they are organized by the cgt or the cgtu which have in common the popular education and culture inherited from the cgt, created in 1895. This identity of approaches disappears when cultural activities deal with the ideological basis of the cgt and the cgtu (as far workers'education is concerned in particular). The differences derive from the contents - reformist or revolutionary - of the changes for which each trade union is fighting, in its own way
Micheau, Béatrice. "Faire avec les ordres documentaires : pratiques info-documentaires, culture écrite et travail scolaire chez des collégiens." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30039/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand how the "digital" interrogates both the processes of legitimization and delegitimization of informationnal practices and how these processes are embedded in objects, places and devices. This work takes place within the school institution which transmits implicitly or explicitly, common standards for "good practices" of production, circulation and reception of texts, documents and knowledge. This is an ethno-semiotic study within the class and the library school’s spaces in two medium schools to observe and analyze the ways to search, read, operate, circulate and produce documents. The digital unveils the need to understand the practices and skills to qualify the information beyond canonical methods forged by mediators (citing sources, respect copyright, do not copy and paste etc.), and beyond signs of value inherited from the model of the bibliography and their fetishization in reference (publisher, author, cataloging record etc.). This thesis is based on an anthropological approach of information literacy and of digital as a social phenomenon that redefines geographies and temporalities of texts, knowledge and their documents. This approach allows to renew questions about the concept of document value. This research demonstrates the entrenchment of practices, objects and values at work in the communicational processes of knowledge sharing. Understanding today resistances of pupils to follow the rules of a « good research » requires a political theory of the economy of the document to the digital age and an anthropological approach of the common practices of texts and documents, one is feeding the other
Penissat, Etienne. "L'État des chiffres : sociologie du service de statistique et des statisticiens du ministère du Travail et de l'Emploi (1945-2008)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0136.
Full textFocusing on the crossroads of the socioloogy of the State, the sociology of work and professions, and the sociology of science and statistics, this thesis aims at clarifying the making of State "numbers" through the Statistics Department and the Ministry of Labour and Employment between 1945 and 2008. Using an ethnographic approach combining direct observation in the Department, interviews, consultation of archives and a survey by questionnaire, we show that official statisticians lead their action in a specifically codified, institutionalized and constrained field. By analyzing the characteristics of state-employed statisticians (INSEE civil servants and contractual employees trained in scientific research), official statistics institutions and the making of numbers (statistic surveys, registers, indicators, publications, controversies), we uncover the transformation of scientific and statistical tools used by State administrations. We thereby highlight policy changes that concern employment and work and the forms of appropriation of State reforms in the years 1990¬-2000. This way, we show to what extent statisticians have invested in new institutional roles and reinforced their position in the Ministry of Labour and Employment. These statisticians contribute to the definition and functioning of public action, responding to both administrative and political logics. However, according to their habitus and positions in the institution, these agents must negotiate and maintain relative autonomy in their work. This is all the more necessary as it is essential to their scientific legitimacy as well as the specificity of statistic activity
Bécot, Renaud. "Syndicalisme et environnement en France de 1944 aux années quatre-vingts." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0130.
Full textThis thesis explore the making of environmental concerns within labor unions in France, articulating social history of work and environmental history. By crossing national and local sources, labor union and public archives, this thesis identifies interactions of labor activists with a large set of actors and emphasizes the particularity of labor concerns on environmental issues. Postwar years were marked by speeches about the use of natural resources, spatial planning and land use, or the use of pathogens affecting employees inside and outside workplaces. The study of the sixties and seventies are then a time of affirmation of a specific working-class environmentalism. Three main conclusions arise from this study. First, union intervention is often conditioned by the change of the energy system, which is a central concern for unionists. Moreover, laws regulating industrialization are fragmented (between labor laws and environmental laws) and this reinforces the difficulty faced by these organizations to deal with industrial diseases and pollution. Second, during the seventies, labor unions structures lead an effort to define their environmental concerns and stand out from the government approach. Finally, the proposals made by employees to develop public policies incorporate a constant attention to environmental inequalities
Olmi, Janine. "Oser la parité syndicale : la CGTà l'épreuve des collectifs féminines, 1945-1985 /." [Paris] : l'Harmattan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41031016v.
Full textNotice réd. d'après la couv. Bibliogr. p. 289-294.
Bernard, Pierre-Yves. "La politique de traitement du décrochage scolaire : le cas de la mission générale d'insertion de l'Education nationale." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3022.
Full textSome education policies are structured in response to the dropping-out problem, in order to develop actions towards early-school leavers, or youth at risk of early-school leaving. This thesis aims to analyse the unusual position of the dropping-out treatment in the French education policy, and the effects of this policy for the youth. It is based on a field survey of local managers of a Mission générale d’insertion (MGI), and about young dropouts who undergo the MGI programs. In order to understand the construction of this form of policy, an institutionalist theoretical frame is used, considering that the school system is embedded in a societal pattern, and analysing the justification of social action based on stable principles, called conventions. These conventions direct education policy in a certain way. In France, the battle against dropping-out is not obvious, because of the domination of the academic convention, in which students are competing for academic achievement. This explains the marginal position of the MGI in the French school system, and their difficult integration within the schools themselves. The MGI aims to orientate educational principles toward a relationship between training and the labour market, as others youth school-to-work programs, according to a vocational convention. Nevertheless, its real action is bring ing dropouts back to school, and access to certification. The MGI has a positive effect on both these goals, to the exception of academically disadvantaged students
Olmi, Janine. "Les femmes dans la CGT : stratégie confédérale et implications départementales, 1945-1985." Nancy 2, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc190/2005NAN20006.pdf.
Full textBetween 1945 and 1985 three generation of woman trade unionist sought to promote the second sex, within one of the male formation traditionally : the trade union. It is resistant post office employee, Mary Couette which opens the door of female promotion within apparatus CGT by obtaining the introduction of a national council of the women. However grafting does not take. The CGT adopts dice 1948, a reorganization which affects construction of a female integration. In 1949, the post of confederal secretary of Mary Couette resigner, falls to metallurgist Olga Tournade, also employed, resistant and communist. In 1952, it publishes the review of the hard-working women, stamps Antoinette. At the time of 39 congers of 1953, it posts the disillusioned assessments of an activity confronted with the sexism. In 1955, its sector is entrusted to another post office employee Madeleine Colin. Supported by Benoît Frachon, George Séguy and Henry Krasucky, its contribution is achieved during 20 years according to two priorities. Introduction of a network assaimant on the ensenble of the hexagon, on the one hand. In addition, the launching of a magazine female Antoinette single in its kind in the trade-union universe, the day before Christmas. Between 1960 and 1977, carried by the context of the feminist revival, the period symbolizes the apogee of the specific method initiated by Madeleine Colin. The disputes which have occurred at the time of a national conference into 1977 sound the end of the cycle of the female trade-union conqutes. The weakened commissions disappear in 1985. Antoinette survivves to them until 1989. Under the emblem of co-education, the troisieme generation of a leading manages the decline of a construction which was failed on the shelf of the levelling dream. Research tried to distinguish, through strategy of apparatus confronted with the implications of the department of Meurthe et Moselle, why the failure intervened of 40 years of functioning
Ramdani, Hacina. "Filles et fils d'immigrés à I'université : le cas lyonnais 1950-1990." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0081.
Full textThe increase in people following secondary education since the 1960s, and higher education much more recently, should not hide the fact that inequalities in accessing education are still very marked. However, some people have managed to escape from the mechanisms of educational reproduction. In the framework of this study, we have focused on these different trajectories. Our research is a monograph which aims at retrospectively following a cohort of immigrant children having accessed Lyon (2) University from 1950 to 1990. We identified the profile of these immigrant children before then "reconstituting" their school and university backgrounds so as to highlight the influence of educational democratisation, national and social origins, gender, the educational background of immigrant children on their future but also asked questions as to the role of the family and extra-family environment, as well as the involvement of these sons and daughters of immigrants on their education. University is an important, and even fundamental stage in life, but remains transitory. We moved beyond the framework of studies and looked at the socialisation process of this population in French society, and looked into their professional future and married life. We focused on professional circumstances which allows for measurement of the degree of suitability between university studies and inclusion into the labour market and then we analysed people's married lives and the impact of university and professional background on marital behaviour
Roussel, Mélanie. "Le temps de la vie quotidienne chez les ouvriers de Saint Frères : Flixecourt 1930-1945." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0025.
Full textDuring the second half of the nineteenth century, a paternalistic textile industry, Saint Frères, settled in the Nièvre valley in the French department of the Somme, by planting many factories and employers' institutions. These establishments offered a "lifetime employment" to thousand of inhabitants, thus defining their daily lives. With the crisis of 1929 and the Second World War, the compagny turn to part-time work and redudancies. This crisis disrupt their life course, which they had previously considered irreversible. These ill-assorted experiences of unemployment and the war, there are differentiated ways of living a labor condition, that worsen class unity. Rifts make it harder to struggle. Even if reconciling conflicting interests and prioritization of tasks sush as we know them today, weren't top of the agenda then, this research points at what was to come. Time was and still remains a question of power
Harbulot, Jean-Pierre. "Le S. T. O. Dans la région de Nancy : une administration régionale face aux exigences allemandes en matière de main-d'oeuvre." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21029.
Full textAbout 640. 000 French people left to work in Germany between the autumn of 1942 and the summer of 1944, as part of the labour drafting measures decreed by the Vichy government. Brought together from 1941 on, under the common authority of a regional prefect, the three Lorraine departments (Meuse, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Vosges) not under German domination account for 24. 500 workers. In this industrial area of the occupied zone, every obligation was met with except in 1944. As a whole, 53 % of the conscripts had left even before the implementation of the february 16 1943 law creating the compulsory labour service ; it was an enforcement of the only existing law, that of sept. 4 1942, on the use of labour, the founding text on labour drafting. Whether at the region level or the department one, the French civil servants managed the departures with efficiency, sometimes overdoing it, but in modes that varied. Their activity was closely watched by the occupant who often resorted to power, simultaneously protecting some industrial sectors. Although long submissive, the Lorraine people, showed growing hostility to the "deportation of workers" from march 1943 on. The number of those who rebelled then increased, but only a minority joined the resistance. After a time in Germany spent in various conditions of work and life, most of the conscripted were back in spring 1945 to a country that had virtually forgotten them. Even before their return, a national federation of "labour deportees" was founded to link them. In the early fifties, the law even refused to officialize this designation which was banned by the ministry of justice, after a request from the association of the former "concentration camp deportees". With their numbers now dwindling, the former conscripts are still very bitter as they consider their being drafted to Germany was ordered by the French state and thus has never obtained the recognition that it should have had