Relevant bibliographies by topics / Travel cost method

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Travel cost method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Travel cost method"

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Stynes, Daniel J., and Dennis M. Donnelly. "Simplifying the Travel Cost Method." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 116, no. 3 (May 1987): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<432:sttcm>2.0.co;2.

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Randall, Alan. "A Difficulty with the Travel Cost Method." Land Economics 70, no. 1 (February 1994): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146443.

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Bergin, Jack, and Colin Price. "The travel cost method and landscape quality." Landscape Research 19, no. 1 (March 1994): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426399408706416.

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Mohammadi Limaei, S., H. Ghesmati, R. Rashidi, and N. Yamini. "Economic evaluation of natural forest park using the travel cost method (case study; Masouleh forest park, north of Iran)." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 6 (July 2, 2014): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/84/2013-jfs.

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We evaluated recreational and socioeconomic values of Masouleh forest park, north of Iran. Travel Cost Method (TCM) or Clawson method was used for evaluation. Therefore, 96 questionnaires were distributed among the visitors. The results indicated that the variables such as travel time to the park, travel costs, age and education were effective variables in using the park. The results show that there is a significant relation between travel time and the number of visitors whereas by increasing travel time the number of visitors decreased. Furthermore, there is a significant relation between the number of visitors as a dependent variable and travel costs whereas when the travel cost increases, the number of visitors decreases. Results indicated that the willingness to pay decreased by increasing the entrance fee. The models estimated an average willingness to pay 12,500 Iranian Rials per visit. The results also indicated that the average round trip travel cost was 85.5 (10,000 Iranian Rials). &nbsp;
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Handayani, Tri Dian, Trisla Warningsih, and Lamun Bathara. "The Economic Valuation of Marjoly Beach and Resort Tour with Travel Cost Method (Travel Cost Method) Bintan District, Riau Islands Province." Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan 26, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jpk.26.2.115-124.

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This research was conducted at Marjoly Beach and Resort, Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province. This study aims to describe the accommodation and entertainment as well as the socio-economic characteristics of visitors to Marjoly Beach and Resort, to analyze the factors that influence tourist visits to Marjoly Beach and Resort, to analyze the amount of economic value obtained by Marjoly Beach and Resort by accidental sampling with a total of 30 respondents. . The data needed in this research include primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression and from consumer surplus using the travel cost method. Respondents are determined using the travel cost method approach by estimating the economic value seen from the consumer surplus. The results showed that the total travel costs incurred by all visitors as respondents were around Rp. 38,035,000. Factors that influence tourist visits to Marjoly Beach and Resort are travel costs, income and age. The consumer surplus value obtained from the travel cost method is Rp. 50,276,669.60/ person per year or Rp. 17,955,953.4/ person per visit, then the total economic value obtained from assuming a surplus of tourism consumers in Marjoly Beach and Resort is Rp. 2,295,129,967.25.
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Czajkowski, Mikołaj, Marek Giergiczny, Jakub Kronenberg, and Jeffrey Englin. "The Individual Travel Cost Method with Consumer-Specific Values of Travel Time Savings." Environmental and Resource Economics 74, no. 3 (June 24, 2019): 961–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-019-00355-6.

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HIDANO, Noboru. "Book Review: Kenji, Takeuchi, Contingent Valuation Method and Travel Cost Method." Studies in Regional Science 29, no. 1 (1998): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2457/srs.29.212.

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Leleito, Emanuel, and Akira Ohgai. "Approximating Inter-modal Travel Cost Using a Hierarchical Accumulated Cost Surface Method." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 9, no. 1 (May 2010): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.9.79.

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Willis, K. G., and G. D. Garrod. "AN INDIVIDUAL TRAVEL-COST METHOD OF EVALUATING FOREST RECREATION." Journal of Agricultural Economics 42, no. 1 (January 1991): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00330.x.

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PUTRI, WIBIARIKSA. "Valuasi Ekonomi Objek Wisata Goa Pindul Kabupaten Gunungkidul Menggunakan Pendekatan Travel Cost Method." Jurnal Reka Lingkungan 7, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekalingkungan.v7i1.1-11.

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AbstrakWisata Goa Pindul Kabupaten Gunungkidul merupakan wisata penelusuran goa dengan peningkatan jumlah pengunjung yang signifikan pada setiap tahunnya. Wisata Goa Pindul merupakan barang publik sehingga dibutuhkan pendekatan untuk menerjemahkan nilai ekonomi yang dimilikinya. Salah satunya menggunakan Travel Cost Method yaitu metode valuasi ekonomi dengan memanfaatkan biaya perjalanan pengunjung sebagai nilai ekonominya. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua pendekatan Travel Cost Method. Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM) merupakan metode analisis biaya perjalanan yang dikeluarkan pengunjung dengan membagi jumlah pengunjung dari berbagai lokasi yang berbeda jarak. Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) merupakan metoda analisis biaya perjalanan menggunakan data survey yang berasal dari pengunjung secara individu dalam analisis statistik. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui nilai ekonomi total dari Goa Pindul sebesar Rp. 10.705.348.126 menggunakan ZTCM dan Rp. 26.075.382.185 menggunakan ITCM. Nilai surplus konsumen yang didapat sebesar Rp. 7.428.342.496 menggunakan ZTCM dan Rp. 10.399.524.104 menggunakan ITCM. Nilai ekonomi yang diketahui nantinya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif pengelolaan lingkungan.Kata kunci: Goa Pindul, Nilai Ekonomi Total, Travel Cost Method, Surplus Konsumen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Travel cost method"

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Gailis, Janis. "A Consumer Surplus Estimate of Peace & Love festival in Borlänge : A Travel Cost Approach." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-13846.

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This thesis uses zonal travel cost method (ZTCM) to estimate consumer surplus of Peace & Love festival in Borlänge, Sweden. The study defines counties as zones of origin of the visitors. Visiting rates from each zone are estimated based on survey data. The study is novel due to the fact that mostly TCM has been applied in the environmental and recreational sector, not for short term events, like P&L festival. The analysis shows that travel cost has a significantly negative effect on visiting rate as expected. Even though income has previously shown to be significant in similar studies, it turns out to be insignificant in this study. A point estimate for the total consumer surplus of P&L festival is 35.6 million Swedish kronor. However, this point estimate is associated with high uncertainty since a 95 % confidence interval for it is (17.9, 53.2). It is also important to note that the estimated value only represents one part of the total economic value, the other values of the festival's totaleconomic value have not been estimated in this thesis.
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Simões, Paula Marisa Nunes. "The recreational use value of a national forest." Doctoral thesis, FEUC, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/23334.

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Tese de doutoramento em Economia, apresentada á Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra , sob a orientação de Luís Cruz e Eduardo Barata.
National forests and woodlands are some of the environmental public resources that provide a diversity of goods and services to society. Supporting, regulating, provisioning and cultural services are all known to contribute to human well-being. As these services are not traded in regular markets because of the public or semi-public characteristics of the resources involved, their values are largely unknown. However, a deeper knowledge of the related benefits’ value is expected to help to enhance management practices. The research described in this dissertation concentrates on the analysis of the benefits related to recreational activities enjoyed in national forests and in understanding the demand for these environmental services. The research was motivated by the perception that these values are largely unknown, particularly in Portugal. Bussaco National Forest was chosen as the case study area, but the conclusions are likely to be adapted and extended to other national forests. Two non-market valuation techniques, the travel cost method and the contingent behaviour method, are used to estimate the recreational use benefits. The travel cost method, which belongs to the group of revealed preferences techniques, is used to analyse the actual behaviour and enables us to estimate recreational use values in current conditions. The individual version of the method is identified as the most accurate in the present context as we analyse the recreational demand of a forest visited by people living at different distances from it. From the management perspective, it is also important to address how people would behave if new hypothetical conditions were to be observed. It is particularly important to predict the effects on demand resulting from changes in forest access costs and from the deterioration of current conservation conditions due to a forest fire. The contingent behaviour method, which belongs to the group of stated preferences techniques, is applied jointly with the travel cost method to assess the effects of these changes. Count data models corrected for endogenous stratification and ordered models are used in the analysis of the actual visit behaviour. Travel cost, substitute cost, income per capita, visit motivations, on-site time and visit distribution during the year were identified as the main explanatory variables of demand. Price and income elasticity of demand computed using count data models are low. This result is supported by the ordered models, as results show that the change in income/price must be quite significant to modify demand levels. Considering only the current users, the forest recreational use value estimated for the past three years is about €106 700. A count data model and a pseudo-panel specification is used to combine contingent and observed travel behaviour. The analysis reveals that visitors are sensitive to price and quality changes and that in the forest fire scenario the intended number of trips would be seriously reduced, thus imposing an important welfare loss. There are evidences of hypothetical bias in answers to future behaviour if current conditions do not change and signals of strategic bias when changes in management options are in view. There are no signals of these biases when the quality changes are exogenous.
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Kinell, Gerda. "What is water worth? : recreational benefits and increased demand following a quality improvement." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9225.

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This study focuses on valuation of natural resources and particularly valuation of the quality of a natural resource. The aim is to value an improvement of water quality, measured as sight depth, in the bay Himmerfjärden in the Stockholm archipelago. It is desirable to attain a value of a one metre sight depth improvement in Himmerfjärden and to analyse how a sight depth improvement affects the demand for travelling to Himmerfjärden. A condtional logit model is applied to obtain these values from survey data. The benefits of a one metre sight depth improvement in Himmerfjärden, will yield 162 260-1 599 420 SEK per year, adjusted to the price level of 2007. The estimated value depends on how travel time is treated and whether a commute variable is included or not. Furthermore will a one per cent sight depth improvement in Himmerfjärden increase the demand for travelling to Himmerfjärden with approximately 0.13-0.18 trips on a given choice occasion. These results indicate that there are values attained to the quality of a natural resource.

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Zargari, Shahriar Afandizadeh, Hamid Mirzahossein, and Yi-Chang Chiu. "QUICK LINK SELECTION METHOD BY USING PRICING STRATEGY BASED ON USER EQUILIBRIUM FOR IMPLEMENTING AN EFFECTIVE URBAN TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT." SVENCILISTE U ZAGREBU, FAKULTET PROMETNIH ZNANOSTI, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622737.

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This paper presents a two-stage model of optimization as a quick method to choose the best potential links for implementing urban travel demand management (UTDM) strategy like road pricing. The model is optimized by minimizing the hidden cost of congestion based on user equilibrium (MHCCUE). It forecasts the exact amount of flows and tolls for links in user equilibrium condition to determine the hidden cost for each link to optimize the link selection based on the network congestion priority. The results show that not only the amount of total cost is decreased, but also the number of selected links for pricing is reduced as compared with the previous toll minimization methods. Moreover, as this model just uses the traffic assignment data for calculation, it could be considered as a quick and optimum solution for choosing the potential links.
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Yeh, Chia-Yu. "THREE ECONOMETRIC APPLICATIONS OF NON-MARKET VALUATION." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1037827614.

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Griffin, Caroline. "The ecological and economic analysis of beach management strategies in Scotland." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26025.

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Coastlines are particularly susceptible to the necessary trade-offs which occur between different ecosystem services. Should the areas be managed for biodiversity or for people? Where sandy beaches are found there is usually a management decision to be made between managing for recreation or for biodiversity. Many popular tourist beaches (particularly those with a Beach Award) are often groomed with mechanical equipment to remove any stranded seaweed and associated litter which can get entangled in the wrack. This is likely to be having a negative impact on coastal biodiversity, with wide ranging implications for the entire habitat, including the intertidal zone, sand dunes and shorebirds. Beached wrack should be allowed to naturally decompose providing a habitat for numerous species of macro-invertebrates. These macro-invertebrate communities not only include many endemic species found exclusively along the strandline but they also provide a very rich source of food for shorebirds. The re-mineralised nutrients resulting from the decomposed macrophytes should then become available to provide a rich source of nutrients to dune, strandline and marine ecosystems populations of the strandline. In previous studies grooming has been shown to have a negative impact on the invertebrates of the strandline and this study reveals that tidal range has an effect on the impacts of grooming with a higher tidal range having a more negative impact on the invertebrates. A study to observe the impacts of grooming on both adult plant and seed bank communities of the sand dunes found that grooming is having a negative impact on these populations. Grooming is predominantly driven by beach managers who aspire to gain Beach Awards in order to attract tourists to their beaches. Using non-market valuation in the form of a stated preference choice experiment and a travel cost model, it was observed that Beach Awards are not valued by beach goers but are instead influenced to visit a particular beach by good bathing water quality, high levels of biodiversity and low levels of litter. It was also shown that stranded seaweed on the beach does not deter visitors. Future management suggestions include attempting to reduce the confusion arising from the presence of multiple beach awards by either removing them altogether or by making their criteria more clear and direct with consistency in their design and designation. Bathing water quality should be completely removed from the Beach Award system and real-time information in the form of electronic signage and a publicly available App should replace it.
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Carneiro, Deborah Quindere. "Caracter?sticas econ?micas do valor de uso e de n?o uso de parques sobre dunas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18256.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DeborahQC_DISSERT.pdf: 1429454 bytes, checksum: a0c0f19a1e2b4dce92a5d361e8bb5d9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-18
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Esta disserta??o teve como objetivo estimar os valores de uso, n?o-uso e o valor econ?mico total de unidades de conserva??o que protegem o ecossistema de dunas, atrav?s dos m?todos de Valora??o Contingente e do Custo de Viagem. O m?todo de Valora??o Contingente ? capaz de estimar o valor de n?o-uso de um recurso natural atrav?s da utiliza??o de um mercado hipot?tico que consiste em um cen?rio ambiental fict?cio em que o bem ambiental sofre varia??es em suas quantidades e os indiv?duos expressam suas prefer?ncias declarando quanto estariam dispostos a pagar (ou aceitar) para garantir a continuidade (ou a perda) da provis?o do bem. Neste estudo, foram aplicadas duas formas de pagamento para o mercado hipot?tico da t?cnica de Disposi??o a Pagar (coletiva/obrigat?ria e individual/volunt?ria) com o objetivo de identificar a demanda da popula??o por investimentos p?blicos nas unidades de conserva??o costeiras urbanas, para testar a efici?ncia de ambas formas de pagamento e para captar os votos de protesto dos entrevistados, na tentativa incorporar nas an?lises a verdadeira disposi??o a pagar dos entrevistados pela a manuten??o e conserva??o das unidades de conserva??o. Os resultados mostraram maiores lances de disposi??o a pagar para a forma de pagamento coletiva e obrigat?ria, pois em pa?ses em desenvolvimento as pessoas atribuem ao governo o financiamento da conserva??o de paisagens naturais. A diferen?a entre os valores de n?o-uso estimados pelas duas formas de pagamento foi de R$8,2 milh?es (3.5 milh?es) e isso representa a demanda da popula??o local por investimentos p?blicos na conserva??o das ?reas costeiras. O M?todo do Custo de Viagem foi utilizado para estimar o valor de uso das dunas, obtido a partir dos gastos incorridos pelos visitantes ao visitar as ?reas de dunas e o somat?rio deste valor ao valor de n?o-uso representa o valor econ?mico total agregado pela paisagem de parques dunares. Paisagens dunares geram anualmente um montante de R$ 800.428,46 por hectare (US$ 339,049.67). A maior contribui??o para esse montante econ?mico ? do parque visitado por turistas, em que o valor agregado pela recrea??o ? 53 vezes maior que o parque visitado por moradores. Embora turistas e moradores reconhe?am os benef?cios de alguns servi?os proporcionados por este ecossistema, ambos atribuem maior valor ? contempla??o da paisagem natural e ? recrea??o ao ar livre. A estimativa desse valor para os diferentes tipos de p?blico oferece ? gestores um justificativa econ?mica para direcionar uso e conserva??o de ?reas de dunas, subsidia na tomada de decis?o atrav?s de an?lises de custo benef?cio no processo de formula??o, acompanhamento e avalia??o de pol?ticas p?blicas e auxilia a investigar como os benef?cios variam de acordo com os tipos de visitantes. Portanto, o uso de estimativas do valor do meio ambiente nesta disserta??o, identificou o valor econ?mico intr?nseco das ?reas de dunas ?s ?reas naturais e o valor agregado pela sua exist?ncia e, portanto, permite que se dimensione a import?ncia dos investimentos em sua conserva??o e restaura??o, podendo ser utilizada como indicador para direcionar pol?ticas e distribui??o de investimentos para a conserva??o dos mesmos. Outro aspecto importante na aplicabilidade de metodologias de valora??o ambiental ? a contribui??o que o uso desse instrumento traz para o debate cient?fico sobre os problemas t?cnicos existentes nas metodologias
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Williams, Jeff T. "Utah Boating and Fishing Survey: Applying Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Methods to Estimate Recreational Values in Northern Utah for the Bear River Water Development Project." DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4517.

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The intent of this thesis is to compare contingent valuation methods (CVM) and travel cost methods (TCM) to estimate consumer surplus for boaters and anglers in northern Utah. TCM results are about three times that of CVM. Several limitations are noted, specifically that CVM solicits given willingness to pay (WTP for specific reservoir sites. TCM analyzes aggregated trips to reservoirs with a wide array of site characteristics.
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Haywood, Luke, and Martin Koning. "The distribution of crowding costs in public transport: New evidence from Paris." Elsevier, 2015. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A37008.

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Whilst congestion in automobile traffic increases trip durations, this is often not the case in rail-based public transport where congestion rather leads to in-vehicle crowding, often neglected in empirical studies. Using original survey data from Paris, this article assesses the distribution of comfort costs of congestion in public transport. Estimating willingness to pay for less crowded trips at different levels of in-vehicle passenger density we cannot reject a simple linear relationship between crowding costs and density. We apply our results to the cost-benefit analysis of a recent Parisian public transport project.
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Voltzenlogel, Thomas. "Cinémas profanes : une constellation (Danièle Huillet, Jean-Marie Straub, Harun Farocki, Pedro Costa et quelques autres...)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRACO21.

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Ce travail de recherche tente de redéfinir l’émancipation intellectuelle et sensible que permettent certaines expériences cinématographiques. « Le spectateur, pour l’auteur, n’est autre qu’un autre auteur » écrivait Pasolini. Danièle Huillet et Jean-Marie Straub, Harun Farocki et Pedro Costa (mais également Jean-Claude Rousseau,James Benning, Robert Kramer, ou parmi les jeunes cinéastes, Wang Bing, Albert Serra et Lisandro Alonso) inventent des dispositifs cinématographiques qui profanent le cinéma. En déconstruisant le langage cinématographique, en mettant au jour leur« armature artistique », les films profanes libèrent et transmettent des énergies, des capacités d’imagination et de production (ou création). Les cinéastes profanes ne se déclarent pas éducateurs ou enseignants. Leur fonction n’est pas de communiquer un message, de donner une leçon ou de transmettre un savoir au spectateur. Ils considèrent le spectateur comme un égal, « un collègue éventuel ». Ils disséminent les traces de leur travail dans leurs films. Le spectateur peut alors recueillir ces traces afin de reconstruire une méthode de production, de fabrication, d’un film. La transmission d’une méthode (ou d’une énergie créative) nécessite une rencontre entre un cinéaste qui a l’intention de transmettre – par la bande – un savoir faire, une manière de représenter, de mettre en image une expérience, et un spectateur qui reconnaît dans les traces la maîtrise de l’auteur et souhaite l’exproprier de ce savoir faire
This research work tries to redefine sensitive and intellectual emancipation that allows some cinematographic experiments. "The Viewer, for the author, is other than another author" wrote Pasolini. Danièle Huillet and Jean-Marie Straub, Harun Farocki and Pedro Costa (but also Jean-Claude Rousseau, James Benning, Robert Kramer, or among young filmmakers, Wang Bing, Albert Serra and Lisandro Alonso) invented cinematographic devices that profane film. By deconstructing the film language, by updating their "artistic frame", profane films release and transmit energy, imagination and production (or creation) capabilities. Profane filmmakers do not declare themselves educators or teachers. Their function is not to communicate a message, give a lesson or to transmit knowledge to the Viewer. They consider the Viewer as an equal, "a potential colleague. They spread the traces of their work in their films. The spectator can then collect these traces in order to reconstruct a method of producing, manufacturing, a film.The transmission of a method (or a creative energy) requires an encounter between a filmmaker who intends to pass - band - know-how, a way to represent, implement image a viewer who recognizes in traces the mastery of the author and wishes to expropriate this know-how and experience
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Books on the topic "Travel cost method"

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Willis, K. G. Estimating wildlife conservation site benefits using a travel cost method. Newcastle upon Tyne: University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Dept of Town and Country Planning, 1987.

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Dobbs, Ian. On adjusting for truncation and sample selection bias in the individual travel-cost method. Newcastle upon Tyne: Countryside Change Unit, Dept. of Agricultural Economics & Food Marketing, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1993.

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Dobbs, Ian M. The individual travel-cost method: Estimation and benefit assessment with a discrete and possibly grouped dependentvalue. Newcastle upon Tyne: Countryside Change Unit, Dept. of Agricultural Economics & Food Marketing, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1991.

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Bateman, I. J. An introduction to the estimation of the welfare benefits of non-priced recreation using the travel-cost method. Newcastle upon Tyne: Countryside Change Unit, Dept. of Agricultural Economics & Food Marketing, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1992.

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Genesove, David. Validating the conjectural variation method: The sugar industry, 1890-1914. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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Associates, Cambridge Energy Research. Cost-effective deepwater development: Seeing the forest from the "trees". Cambridge, Mass: Cambridge Energy Research Associates, 2001.

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Chizhik, Vera. Finance of trade organizations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1480608.

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The textbook discusses the theoretical and practical features of financial management in the organizations of the trade industry. The methods and tools of decision-making in the field of income, cost, profit, risk and inventory management of trading organizations are presented; the essence and classification of trading organizations, as well as the specifics of taxation and pricing are disclosed. Designed to assist students in preparing for lectures, practical classes, exams and in organizing independent work. Corresponds to the Federal state educational standard of higher education in the field of training 38.03.01 "Economics". For students and bachelors of higher educational institutions, managers of all levels, teachers and postgraduates studying financial management issues in trade industry organizations.
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Lerche, I. Inverse and risking methods in hydrocarbon exploration: A compendium. Essex, UK: Multi-Science Publishing Co., Ltd., 2005.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Policy Development and United States. Dept. of Transportation, eds. Technical methods for analyzing pricing measures to reduce transportation emissions. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Policy, 1998.

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You tian yuan you kai cai de gui mo jing ji li lun ji qi ying yong yan jiu. Beijing Shi: Jing ji guan li chu ban she, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Travel cost method"

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Mishan, E. J., and Euston Quah. "Travel cost method." In Cost-Benefit Analysis, 256–59. Sixth edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351029780-48.

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Shilpa, D. N., K. Nruthya, L. G. Santhosh, Simran Sanu, and Anukul Nidhi. "Assessment of Economic Value of Doddabommasandra Lake Using Contingent Valuation Method and Travel Cost Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 53–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4629-4_5.

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Badola, Ruchi, Syed Ainul Hussain, Pariva Dobriyal, Thounaojam Sanggai Leima, Amanat Kaur Gill, Aditi Dev, and Sneha Thapliyal. "Assessment of Recreational Services of Natural Landscapes in third World Tropics using the Travel Cost Method." In Wilderness of Wildlife Tourism, 17–34. Oakville, ON; Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315365817-3.

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Kohsaka, Ryo, Kaho Naganawa, and Yasushi Shoji. "Why People Visit Zoos: An Empirical Approach Using the Travel Cost Method for the Higashiyama Zoo, Nagoya, Japan." In Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services, 101–7. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0780-4_8.

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Dung, Bui Dai, Nguyen An Thinh, Nguyen Thi Vinh Ha, and Nguyen Thi Hoa Hanh. "Valuing Heritage as a Public Good: An Application of Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM) in Hoi An, Vietnam." In Global Changes and Sustainable Development in Asian Emerging Market Economies Vol. 1, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81435-9_1.

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Tirayoh, Victorina Z., Herman Karamoy, Christian V. Datu, and Christoffel Mardy O. Mintardjo. "The Role of Green Accounting and Corporate Social Responsibilities to Improve Maritime Tourism Quality in North Sulawesi." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 219–29. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_30.

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Abstract Green accounting and corporate social responsibility (CSR) play an essential role in improving the quality of human life and nature. The quality of maritime tourism faces various issues; thus, there is a need for synergy in the business world by implementing green accounting and CSR so that maritime-based tourism management can be improved and directly impact the quality of tourism. The research aims to explore the application of environmental accounting to optimize social and environmental responsibility toward improving the quality of maritime tourism. This research was conducted with the local tourists in Bitung City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research method used a descriptive qualitative investigation of green accounting, CSR, and marine tourism quality. Data analysis using the travel cost method. The research findings reveal that applying environmental accounting by looking at CSR implementation emphasizes the development of ecotourism and marine tourism-based tourism. The implications of this research can be a guideline for private companies in Indonesia to implement environmental accounting in the form of CSR to improve the quality of maritime tourism in the areas where the company operates.
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Mocwagae, Kgosi, and Thulisile Mphambukeli. "Planning for Effective and Sustainable Water Access and Provision in QwaQwa Through the UN Sustainable Development Goals." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 105–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15773-8_8.

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AbstractQwaQwa is a former Bantustan, which consisted of 13 sections of the Phuthaditjhaba Township and 99 surrounding villages. On 1 January 2016, the Maluti-a-Phofung Local Municipality reported that the Fika Patso Dam, which supplies the majority of water to QwaQwa, had insufficient water, subsequently shutting it down. The community of QwaQwa had reportedly been struggling to access drinking water since 2016, which forced them to collect water from provisional or improvised municipal water tankers. This chapter documents the lived experiences of 11 communities in the greater QwaQwa area, highlighting their struggle to access adequate drinking water. The chapter proposes planning interventions for effective and sustainable water access and provision in QwaQwa. It also looks at Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 11 to address policy issues toward effective and sustainable water provision in QwaQwa. The study employed an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach. The qualitative method administered 10 semi-structured interviews with key informants (municipal officials and political leaders) and three households for 326 min in total. A total of 571 household questionnaires were administered for quantitative data collection. Discourse and thematic methods were used for the qualitative data analysis, and descriptive and inferential statistics for the quantitative data analysis. The study established that post-apartheid’s ineffective planning for water access in QwaQwa, significantly and negatively affected the greater QwaQwa community, resulting in the local communities having to travel long distances to collect water. It took more time to collect water, while the water quantity decreased with an increased cost of accessing water. The misfortune of the QwaQwa water crisis presents a challenge for the attainment of UN Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 11 that require basic service provision and making cities more inclusive by the municipality.
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Ouma, Paul, Peter M. Macharia, Emelda Okiro, and Victor Alegana. "Methods of Measuring Spatial Accessibility to Health Care in Uganda." In Practicing Health Geography, 77–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63471-1_6.

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AbstractEnsuring everyone has access to health care regardless of demographic, geographic and social economic status is a key component of universal health coverage. In sub-Saharan Africa, where populations are often sparsely distributed and services scarcely available, reducing distances or travel time to facilities is key in ensuring access to health care. This chapter traces the key concepts in measuring spatial accessibility by reviewing six methods—Provider-to-population ratio, Euclidean distance, gravity models, kernel density, network analysis and cost distance analysis—that can be used to model spatial accessibility. The advantages and disadvantages of using each of these models are also laid out, with the aim of choosing a model that can be used to capture spatial access. Using an example from Uganda, a cost distance analysis is used to model travel time to the nearest primary health care facility. The model adjusts for differences in land use, weather patterns and elevation while also excluding barriers such as water bodies and protected areas in the analysis. Results show that the proportion of population within 1-h travel times for the 13 regions in the country varies from 64.6% to 96.7% in the dry period and from 61.1% to 96.3% in the wet period. The model proposed can thus be used to highlight disparities in spatial accessibility, but as we demonstrate, care needs to be taken in accurate assembly of data and interpreting results in the context of the limitations.
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López-Pintado, Orlenys, Marlon Dumas, Maksym Yerokhin, and Fabrizio Maria Maggi. "Silhouetting the Cost-Time Front: Multi-objective Resource Optimization in Business Processes." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 92–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85440-9_6.

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AbstractThe allocation of resources in a business process determines the trade-off between cycle time and resource cost. A higher resource utilization leads to lower cost and higher cycle time, while a lower resource utilization leads to higher cost and lower waiting time. In this setting, this paper presents a multi-objective optimization approach to compute a set of Pareto-optimal resource allocations for a given process concerning cost and cycle time. The approach heuristically searches through the space of possible resource allocations using a simulation model to evaluate each allocation. Given the high number of possible allocations, it is imperative to prune the search space. Accordingly, the approach incorporates a method that selectively perturbs a resource utilization to derive new candidates that are likely to Pareto-dominate the already explored ones. The perturbation method relies on two indicators: resource utilization and resource impact, the latter being the contribution of a resource to the cost or cycle time of the process. Additionally, the approach incorporates a ranking method to accelerate convergence by guiding the search towards the resource allocations closer to the current Pareto front. The perturbation and ranking methods are embedded into two search meta-heuristics, namely hill-climbing and tabu-search. Experiments show that the proposed approach explores fewer resource allocations to compute Pareto fronts comparable to those produced by a well-known genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization, namely NSGA-II.
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Chuang, Kai-Hsiang, Frank Kober, and Min-Chi Ku. "Quantitative Analysis of Renal Perfusion by Arterial Spin Labeling." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 655–66. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_39.

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AbstractThe signal intensity differences measured by an arterial-spin-labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiment are proportional to the local perfusion, which can be quantified with kinetic modeling. Here we present a step-by-step tutorial for the data post-processing needed to calculate an ASL perfusion map. The process of developing an analysis software is described with the essential program code, which involves nonlinear fitting a tracer kinetic model to the ASL data. Key parameters for the quantification are the arterial transit time (ATT), which is the time the labeled blood takes to flow from the labeling area to the tissue, and the tissue T1. As ATT varies with vasculature, physiology, anesthesia and pathology, it is recommended to measure it using multiple delay times. The tutorial explains how to analyze ASL data with multiple delay times and a T1 map for quantification.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This analysis protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and experimental procedure.
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Conference papers on the topic "Travel cost method"

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Jadudova, Jana. "TRAVEL COST METHOD OF EVALUATING CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES." In SGEM2017 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/53/s21.127.

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Purnamawati, Astuti, and Retno Wulandari. "Economic Valuation of Pantai Baru Bantul Regency using Travel Cost Method." In International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Management (ICEBM) Untar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008492503200324.

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Dwisolehati, Ayustim, and Diah Dewanti. "Travel Cost Method Analysis on Cultural Preserve of Palgading Temple Using Marketing Approach." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Business, Accounting, and Economics, ICBAE 2022, 10-11 August 2022, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.10-8-2022.2320781.

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BASHAR, RAISA. "Economic Valuation of the Sundarbans Reserved Forest of Bangladesh The Zonal Travel Cost Method." In Fifth International Conference on Advances in Social, Economics and Management - SEM 2017. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-133-7-51.

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Usman, Hapsa, Nonce Farida Tuati, and Deetje Wieske Manuain. "Economic Valuation of Tourism with Travel Cost Method in Beach Tourism, Kolbano Village, Kolbano." In International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Social Science (ICAST-SS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210424.084.

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Shah, Syed, Narith Saum, and Mongkut Piantanakulchai. "Impact of Variable Travel Time on the Solution of Vehicle Routing Problem: A Case Study of Bangkok." In The SLIIT International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2022. Faculty of Engineering, SLIIT, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54389/ijyh7022.

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In the logistics industry, it is essential to have optimized vehicle routes for cost-effectiveness and customer satisfaction. However, most conventional studies on vehicle routing problem (VRP) do not consider the variation in travel time, leading to nonoptimal routes. This study shows the importance of variation in travel time for different times of the day and different days of the week by comparing the optimization results of vehicle routes for constant travel time and variable travel time. Two different scenarios were considered for Bangkok city, Case-1, where customers are scattered across the city, while Case-2, where customers are concentrated on a small area. It was concluded that up to 27.59% error in travel time could be obtained with an average of 12% for Case-1. At the same time, a maximum 30.85% error in travel time can be obtained with an average of 7% for Case-2. Therefore, it is necessary to consider time-dependent travel time in urban logistics route planning in Bangkok. This study also put forward a method to collect travel time data of different origin-destination pairs for different times of the day and different days of the week that can be used by any logistics company. KEYWORDS: Time-Dependent VRP, Variable Travel Time, VRP Optimization
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Hu, Liman, Binghai Zhou, and Yang Li. "An Energy Saving Scheduling Method for Just in Time Material Handling in Mixed-Model Assembly Line." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2985.

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Driven by the green logistics, automated guided vehicle (AGV) has been widely accepted as a new transportation tool for in-house logistics, which enables a timely supply of parts to the designated workstations with less energy consumption. However, the existing scheduling methods for AGV scheduling are designed to minimize inventory or cost without explicitly considering energy saving. To fill the gap, this paper proposes an AGV scheduling model for energy saving in a mixed-model assembly line, where AGVs can have variable travel speeds. A mixed-integer model is constructed and an exact solution procedure is provided. Simulation studies are performed to investigate the main factors that determine the energy consumption and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Malahayati, Zahari Zein, and Fitrawaty. "Economic Valuation of Forests as a Natural Tourism Service Provider by Using Travel Cost Method in Ecotourism in Kampung Nipah Sei Nagawalan Village Serdang Bedagai Regency." In International Conference on Strategic Issues of Economics, Business and, Education (ICoSIEBE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210220.027.

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Morris, Cameron, and Vedang Chauhan. "Design of a Low-Cost Autonomous Mobile Robot for Outdoor Applications." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96093.

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Abstract In today’s world, many companies are looking for low-cost automated alternatives to industrial processes that can save time and money. Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR’s) are an appealing new alternative to complete tasks with base chassis and interchangeable tops that allow for standardization along with multifunctionality. With improvements in motors, motor controllers, location technology, vision, and IR sensors and a variety of other sensors, many complex tasks are attainable and simpler to complete. AMR’s can also be adapted to the operating environment whether it is on a manufacturing floor or in the field exposed to different elements. Using this equipment and implementing an odometry positioning method, an AMR can be designed to travel to pre-planned coordinates and perform desired tasks at each target point. Calculations to select hardware that satisfies requirements for this application are discussed. Strategies for motion control and positioning are also shown along with their advantages and disadvantages. Other subsystems are designed and attached to the robot to allow the robot to operate with awareness of its environment. To test the AMR’s abilities, a series of experiments are designed to analyze the robot’s strengths and identify sources of error. With these tests, data is collected to compare the position calculation accuracy and analyze the speed and orientation of the robot. Based on these results, there will be suggested adjustments for future work of AMRs in this field.
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Thakur, Bharat, and Robello Samuel. "Deep Learning for Downhole Data Prediction: A Cost-Effective Data Telemetry Through Data Analytics." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200870-ms.

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Abstract Accurate real-time downhole data collection provides a better understanding of downhole dynamics and formation characteristics, which can improve wellbore placement and increase drilling efficiency by improving the rate of penetration (ROP) and reducing downtime caused by tool failure. High-speed telemetry through wired drill string has enabled real-time data acquisition, but there are significant additional costs associated with the technology. Data-driven techniques using recursive neural networks (RNN) have proven very efficient and accurate in time-series forecasting problems. In this study, we propose deep learning as a cost-effective method to predict downhole data using surface data. Downhole drilling data is a function of surface drilling parameters and downhole conditions. The downhole data acquired using relatively inexpensive methods usually have a considerable lag time depending on the signal travel length. So, the first step in the proposed method is syncing the downhole data and surface data. After the data are synced, they are then fed into an RNN-based long-term short memory (LSTM) network, which learns the relationship between the surface parameters and downhole data. LSTM networks can learn long-term relationships in the data, thus making them ideal for time-series forecasting applications. The trained model is then used to make predictions for downhole data using the given surface data. The median error for the prediction of downhole data using surface data was as low as 3% in this study. The study suggests that the developed model can accurately predict downhole data in real-time. The model is also very robust to the amount of noise or outliers present in the data and can predict downhole conditions 50–60 ft ahead with reasonable accuracy. It was observed that the prediction accuracy varied from well to well and drilling depths. The results demonstrate how deep learning can be cost-effectively employed for downhole data prediction. This paper presents a novel method for using surface data to predict downhole data by employing deep learning. The method can be deployed in real-time to aid in wellbore placement and improve drilling performance.
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Reports on the topic "Travel cost method"

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Schreiner, D. F., D. A. Willett, D. D. Badger, and L. G. Antle. Recreation Benefits Measured by Travel Cost Method for the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System and Application to other Selected Corps Lakes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada153787.

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Richmond, Paul, Adam Potter, David Looney, and William Santee. Terrain coefficients for predicting energy costs of walking over snow. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41602.

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Predicting the energy costs of human travel over snow can be of significant value to the military and other agencies planning work efforts when snow is present. The ability to quantify, and predict, those costs can help planners determine if snow will be a factor in the execution of dismounted tasks and operations. To adjust predictive models for the effect of terrain, and more specifically for surface conditions, on energy costs, terrain coefficients (ƞ) have been developed. By applying knowledge gained from prior studies of the effects of terrain and snow, and by leveraging those existing dismounted locomotion models, we seek to outline the steps in developing an improved terrain coefficient (ƞ) for snow to be used in predictive modeling. Using published data, methods, and a well-informed understanding of the physical elements of terrain, e.g., characterization of snow sinkage (z), this study made adjustments to ƞ-values specific to snow. This review of published metabolic cost methods suggest that an improved ƞ-value could be developed for use with the Pandolf equation, where z=depth (h)*(1 - (snow density (ρ0)/1.186)) and ƞ=0.0005z3 + 0.0001z2 + 0.1072z + 1.2604. This paper provides data-driven improvements to models that are used to predict the energy costs of dismounted movements over snow.
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Wylde, Emily. Value For Money of Social Assistance in FCAS: Considerations, Evidence, and Research Priorities. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.022.

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Value for Money (VfM) is an essential tool for balancing difficult policy and programme decisions and the trade-offs between the ‘5 Es’ of economy, efficiency, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and equity. While many of the conceptual approaches to VfM and methods for estimation are similar in regular development programming for social protection and humanitarian cash and food assistance, these literatures have so far evolved in fairly distinct silos. There has been relatively little work so far to bring the two strands together. In fragile and conflict-affected settings, the gaps are especially great. A lack of cost and basic programme implementation data hinders understanding of economy and efficiency, while gaps in robust evidence on outcomes and impacts further impede an analysis of effectiveness and, crucially, the trade-offs between the ‘5Es’. The research agenda presented here emphasises the need to build the evidence base on both costs and benefits, and to use it more intentionally for better adaptive management of programmes and policy support.
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Amirav, Aviv, and Steven Lehotay. Fast Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7695851.bard.

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The overall theme of this project was to increase the speed of analysis for monitoring pesticide residues in food. Traditionally, analytical methods for multiple pesticides are time-consuming, expensive, laborious, wasteful, and ineffective to meet critical needs related to food safety. Faster and better methods were needed to provide more cost-effective detection of chemical contaminants, and thus provide a variety of benefits to agriculture. This overarching goal to speed and improve pesticide analysis was successfully accomplished even beyond what was originally proposed by the investigators in 1998. At that time, the main objectives of this project were: 1) to further develop a direct sample introduction (DSI) device that enables fast sampling and introduction of blended-only agricultural products for analysis by gas chromatography (GC); 2) to evaluate, establish, and further develop the method of simultaneous pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detection for enhanced pesticide identification capabilities; and 3) to develop a new and novel MS pesticide analysis method, based on the use of supersonic molecular beams (SMB) for sampling and ionization. The first and third objectives were successfully accomplished as proposed, and the feasibility of the second objective was already demonstrated. The capabilities of the GC/SMB-MS approach alone were so useful for pesticide analysis that the simultaneous use of a PFPD was considered superfluous. Instead, the PFPD was investigated in combination with an electron-capture detector for low-cost, simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides in fatty foods. Three important, novel research projects not originally described in the proposal were also accomplished: 1) development of the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for pesticides in foods; 2) development and optimization of a method using low-pressure (LP) GC/MS to speed pesticide residue analysis; and 3) innovative application of analyte protectants to improve the GC analysis of important problematic pesticides. All of the accomplishments from this project are expected to have strong impact to the analytical community and implications to agriculture and food safety. For one, an automated DSI approach has become commercially available in combination with GC/MS for the analysis of pesticide residues. Meanwhile, the PFPD has become the selective detector of choice for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides. Great strides were made in SMB-MS through the manufacture of a prototype "Supersonic GC/MS" instrument, which displayed many advantages over commercial GC/MS instruments. Most notably, the QuEChERS method is already being disseminated to routine monitoring labs and has shown great promise to improve pesticide analytical capabilities and increase lab productivity. The implications of these developments to agriculture will be to increase the percentage of food monitored and the scope of residues detected in the food, which will serve to improve food safety. Developed and developing countries alike will be able to use these methods to lower costs and improve results, thus imported/exported food products will have better quality without affecting price or availability. This will help increase trade between nations and mitigate certain disputes over residue levels in imported foods. The improved enforcement of permissible residue levels provided by these methods will have the effect to promote good agricultural practices among previously obstinate farmers who felt no repercussions from illegal or harmful practices. Furthermore, the methods developed can be used in the field to analyze samples quickly and effectively, or to screen for high levels of dangerous chemicals that may intentionally or accidentally appear in the food supply.
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Lehotay, Steven J., and Aviv Amirav. Ultra-Fast Methods and Instrumentation for the Analysis of Hazardous Chemicals in the Food Supply. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699852.bard.

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Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop ultra-fast methods and instrumentation for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to veterinary drugs and other contaminants, and conduct fast and ultra-fast analyses using novel 5MB-MS instrumentation, ideally with real samples. Background to the topic: The international trade of agricultural food products is a $1.2 trill ion annual market and growing. Food safety is essential to human health, and chemical residue limits are legislated nationally and internationally. Analytical testing for residues is needed to conduct risk assessments and regulatory enforcement actions to ensure food safety and environmental health, among other important needs. Current monitoring methods are better than ever, but they are still too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive to meet the broad food testing needs of consumers, government, and industry. As a result, costs are high and only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. We need affordable, ultra-fast methods that attain high quality results for a wide range of chemicals. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: This is the third BARD grant shared between Prof. Amirav and Dr. Lehotay since 2000, and continual analytical improvements have been made in terms of speed, sample throughput, chemical scope, ease-of-use, and quality of results with respect to qualitative (screening and identification) and quantitative factors. The QuEChERS sample preparation approach, which was developed in conjunction with the BARD grant in 2002, has grown to currently become the most common pesticide residue method in the world. BARD funding has been instrumental to help Dr. Lehotay make refinements and expand QuEChERS concepts to additional applications, which has led to the commercialization of QuEChERS products by more than 20 companies worldwide. During the past 3 years, QuEChERS has been applied to multiclass, multiresidue analysis of veterinary drug residues in food animals, and it has been validated and implemented by USDA-FSIS. QuEChERS was also modified and validated for faster, easier, and better analysis of traditional and emerging environmental contaminants in food. Meanwhile, Prof. Amirav has commercialized the GC-MS with 5MB technology and other independent inventions, including the ChromatoProbe with Agilent, Bruker, and FUR Systems. A new method was developed for obtaining truly universal pesticide analysis, based on the use of GC-MS with 5MB. This method and instrument enables faster analysis with lower LaDs for extended range of pesticides and hazardous compounds. A new approach and device of Open Probe Fast GC-MS with 5MB was also developed that enable real time screening of limited number of target pesticides. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LaD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope. and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade. and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.
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MELNIKOV, A. R., I. P. MELNIKOVA, and N. V. SHISHKAREVA. ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE FORWARDING COMPANY IN INCREASING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FOREIGN TRADE TRANSACTIONS OF CUSTOMERS (SELLERS AND BUYERS OF GOODS). Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2022-12-1-2-7-14.

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As part of the study and analysis of domestic and foreign practice of foreign trade in goods and freight forwarding, a characteristic of a conditional forwarding company is given that is able to provide a cargo owner customer with a reduction in costs in the transport component in the price of the customer’s goods. The object of the study is: the market of trade, transport operations and freight forwarding services. The objectives of the research, based on the methods of analysis and synthesis, are: research and analysis of the current state of the issue of interaction between the customer and the forwarder in the freight forwarding market.
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HEISER, J., and T. SULLIVAN. THE BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY PERFLUOROCARBON TRACER TECHNOLOGY: A PROVEN AND COST EFFECTIVE METHOD TO VERIFY INTEGRITY AND MONITOR LONG TERM PERFORMANCE OF WALLS, FLOORS, CAPS, AND COVER SYSTEMS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/794044.

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Anderson, Sharron, Antony Lloyd, Malcom Baxter, Michael Walls, and Victoria Bailey-Horne. Turmeric survey – Final report. Food Standards Agency, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ojv940.

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The consumption of turmeric supplements is increasingly popular and is reported to provide numerous health benefits including antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, anticarcinogenic, chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiplatelet activities [1]. However, in recent months there has been a number of reports of hepatotoxicity linked to the consumption of these supplements. Such reports and scientific publications led to a review of the safety of turmeric and curcumin by the UK Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COT). The statement issued by COT in November 2019 concluded “Given past reported contamination issues with turmeric supplements, the Committee concluded that there would be value in commissioning a chemical analysis of turmeric supplements and raw/powdered turmeric available on the UK market”. To address this conclusion the FSA requested Fera to: develop and validate in-house method(s) for measuring curcumin in turmeric containing supplements, ground/powdered turmeric and raw/fresh turmeric develop and validate in-house a method for measuring piperine in turmeric containing supplements purchase turmeric containing supplements (n=15), ground/powdered turmeric (n=10) and raw/fresh turmeric (n=5) from a mixture of local outlets and over the internet analyse all 30 samples for trace elements and curcumin analyse all supplement samples for piperine content.
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Niles, John S., and J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.

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Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve the essential trips of mobility disadvantaged citizens who do not have access to private vehicle travel. The research focus of this report is an examination of the circumstances where fixed route bus route service could cost-effectively be replaced by on-demand microtransit, with equivalent overall zone-level efficiency and a higher quality of complete trip service. Research methods were reviews of documented agency experience, execution of simple simulations, and sketch-level analysis of 2019 performance reported in the National Transit Database. Available evidence is encouraging and suggestive, but not conclusive. The research found that substitutions of flexible microtransit for fixed route buses are already being piloted across the U.S., with promising performance results. The findings imply that action steps could be taken in California to expand and refine an emphasis on general purpose microtransit in corridors and zones with a relatively high fraction of potential travelers who are mobility disadvantaged, and where traditional bus routes are capturing fewer than 15 boardings per vehicle hour. To be sufficiently productive as fixed route replacements, microtransit service technologies in the same or larger zones need to be capable of achieving vehicle boardings of five per hour, a challenge worth addressing with technology applications. Delivery of microtransit service can be undertaken through contracts with a growing set of private sector firms, which are developing processes to merge general purpose customers with those now assigned to ADA-required paratransit and Medi-Cal-supported non-emergency medical transport.
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10

Knight, R. D., and B. A. Kjarsgaard. Comparative pXRF and Lab ICP-ES/MS methods for mineral resource assessment, Northwest Territories. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331239.

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The Geological Survey of Canada undertook a mineral resource assessment for a proposed national park in northern Canada (~ 33,500 km2) spanning the transition from boreal forest to barren lands tundra. Bedrock geology of this region is complex and includes the Archean Slave Craton, the Archean and Paleoproterozoic Rae domain of the Churchill Province, the Paleoproterozoic Thelon and Taltson magmatic-tectonic zones, and the Paleoproterozoic East Arm sedimentary basin. The area has variable mineral potential for lode gold, kimberlite-hosted diamonds, VMS, vein uranium and copper, SEDEX, as well as other deposit types. A comparison of analytical methods was carried out after processing the field collected samples to acquire both the &amp;lt; 2 mm and for the &amp;lt; 0.063 mm size fractions for 241 surficial sediment (till) samples, collected using a 10 x 10 km grid. Analytical methods comprised: 1) aqua regia followed by ICP-MS analysis, 2) 4-acid hot dissolution followed by ICP-ES/MS analysis, 3) lithium metaborate/tetraborate fusion methods followed by ICP-ES for major elements and ICP-MS for trace elements and, 4) portable XRF on dried, non-sieved sediment samples subjected to a granular segregation processing technique (to produce a clay-silt proxy) for seventeen elements (Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, Zn, and Zr) Results indicate that pXRF data do not replicate exactly the laboratory 4-acid and fusion data (in terms of precision and accuracy), but the relationship between the datasets is systematic as displayed in x-y scattergrams. Interpolated single element plots indicate that till samples with anomalies of high and low pXRF concentration levels are synonymous with high and low laboratory-based analytical concentration levels, respectively. The pXRF interpolations thus illustrate the regional geochemical trends, and most importantly, the significant geochemical anomalies in the surficial samples. These results indicate that pXRF spectrometry for a subset of elements is comparable to traditional laboratory methods. pXRF spectrometry also provides the benefit of rapid analysis and data acquisition that has a direct influence on real time sampling designs. This information facilitates efficient and cost-effective field projects (i.e. where used to identify regions of interest for high density sampling), and to prioritize samples to be analyzed using traditional geochemical methods. These tactics should increase the efficiency and success of a mineral exploration and/or environmental sampling programs.
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