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Journal articles on the topic 'Travel cost method'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Stynes, Daniel J., and Dennis M. Donnelly. "Simplifying the Travel Cost Method." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 116, no. 3 (May 1987): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1987)116<432:sttcm>2.0.co;2.

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2

Randall, Alan. "A Difficulty with the Travel Cost Method." Land Economics 70, no. 1 (February 1994): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3146443.

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3

Bergin, Jack, and Colin Price. "The travel cost method and landscape quality." Landscape Research 19, no. 1 (March 1994): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426399408706416.

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4

Mohammadi Limaei, S., H. Ghesmati, R. Rashidi, and N. Yamini. "Economic evaluation of natural forest park using the travel cost method (case study; Masouleh forest park, north of Iran)." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 6 (July 2, 2014): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/84/2013-jfs.

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We evaluated recreational and socioeconomic values of Masouleh forest park, north of Iran. Travel Cost Method (TCM) or Clawson method was used for evaluation. Therefore, 96 questionnaires were distributed among the visitors. The results indicated that the variables such as travel time to the park, travel costs, age and education were effective variables in using the park. The results show that there is a significant relation between travel time and the number of visitors whereas by increasing travel time the number of visitors decreased. Furthermore, there is a significant relation between the number of visitors as a dependent variable and travel costs whereas when the travel cost increases, the number of visitors decreases. Results indicated that the willingness to pay decreased by increasing the entrance fee. The models estimated an average willingness to pay 12,500 Iranian Rials per visit. The results also indicated that the average round trip travel cost was 85.5 (10,000 Iranian Rials). &nbsp;
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5

Handayani, Tri Dian, Trisla Warningsih, and Lamun Bathara. "The Economic Valuation of Marjoly Beach and Resort Tour with Travel Cost Method (Travel Cost Method) Bintan District, Riau Islands Province." Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan 26, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jpk.26.2.115-124.

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This research was conducted at Marjoly Beach and Resort, Bintan Regency, Riau Islands Province. This study aims to describe the accommodation and entertainment as well as the socio-economic characteristics of visitors to Marjoly Beach and Resort, to analyze the factors that influence tourist visits to Marjoly Beach and Resort, to analyze the amount of economic value obtained by Marjoly Beach and Resort by accidental sampling with a total of 30 respondents. . The data needed in this research include primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression and from consumer surplus using the travel cost method. Respondents are determined using the travel cost method approach by estimating the economic value seen from the consumer surplus. The results showed that the total travel costs incurred by all visitors as respondents were around Rp. 38,035,000. Factors that influence tourist visits to Marjoly Beach and Resort are travel costs, income and age. The consumer surplus value obtained from the travel cost method is Rp. 50,276,669.60/ person per year or Rp. 17,955,953.4/ person per visit, then the total economic value obtained from assuming a surplus of tourism consumers in Marjoly Beach and Resort is Rp. 2,295,129,967.25.
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Czajkowski, Mikołaj, Marek Giergiczny, Jakub Kronenberg, and Jeffrey Englin. "The Individual Travel Cost Method with Consumer-Specific Values of Travel Time Savings." Environmental and Resource Economics 74, no. 3 (June 24, 2019): 961–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-019-00355-6.

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7

HIDANO, Noboru. "Book Review: Kenji, Takeuchi, Contingent Valuation Method and Travel Cost Method." Studies in Regional Science 29, no. 1 (1998): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2457/srs.29.212.

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Leleito, Emanuel, and Akira Ohgai. "Approximating Inter-modal Travel Cost Using a Hierarchical Accumulated Cost Surface Method." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 9, no. 1 (May 2010): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/jaabe.9.79.

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9

Willis, K. G., and G. D. Garrod. "AN INDIVIDUAL TRAVEL-COST METHOD OF EVALUATING FOREST RECREATION." Journal of Agricultural Economics 42, no. 1 (January 1991): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00330.x.

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10

PUTRI, WIBIARIKSA. "Valuasi Ekonomi Objek Wisata Goa Pindul Kabupaten Gunungkidul Menggunakan Pendekatan Travel Cost Method." Jurnal Reka Lingkungan 7, no. 1 (February 22, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekalingkungan.v7i1.1-11.

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AbstrakWisata Goa Pindul Kabupaten Gunungkidul merupakan wisata penelusuran goa dengan peningkatan jumlah pengunjung yang signifikan pada setiap tahunnya. Wisata Goa Pindul merupakan barang publik sehingga dibutuhkan pendekatan untuk menerjemahkan nilai ekonomi yang dimilikinya. Salah satunya menggunakan Travel Cost Method yaitu metode valuasi ekonomi dengan memanfaatkan biaya perjalanan pengunjung sebagai nilai ekonominya. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua pendekatan Travel Cost Method. Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM) merupakan metode analisis biaya perjalanan yang dikeluarkan pengunjung dengan membagi jumlah pengunjung dari berbagai lokasi yang berbeda jarak. Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) merupakan metoda analisis biaya perjalanan menggunakan data survey yang berasal dari pengunjung secara individu dalam analisis statistik. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui nilai ekonomi total dari Goa Pindul sebesar Rp. 10.705.348.126 menggunakan ZTCM dan Rp. 26.075.382.185 menggunakan ITCM. Nilai surplus konsumen yang didapat sebesar Rp. 7.428.342.496 menggunakan ZTCM dan Rp. 10.399.524.104 menggunakan ITCM. Nilai ekonomi yang diketahui nantinya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif pengelolaan lingkungan.Kata kunci: Goa Pindul, Nilai Ekonomi Total, Travel Cost Method, Surplus Konsumen.
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11

Liao, Xiaoleng, Tong Zhou, Xu Wang, Rongjian Dai, Xuehui Chen, and Xiangmin Zhu. "Driver Route Planning Method Based on Accident Risk Cost Prediction." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (August 16, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5023052.

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The number of cars on roadways around the world continues to increase year over year. However, the imbalance between traffic supply and demand has not only brought traffic congestion but also caused serious safety problems. To reduce travel risk, this study proposes a driver route planning method based on accident risk cost prediction for connected and automated vehicles. According to the entropy weight method and an improved algorithm of K shortest paths, a route planning model with accident risk as the main optimization objective was established. Firstly, an accident risk evaluation system was built based on traffic accident data, and a quantitative prediction model of accident risk cost based on driver-, vehicle-, road-, and environment-related factors was constructed. Secondly, the entropy weight method was used to calculate the weights of each indicator to determine accident risk considering the aforementioned factors. Then, the route planning model was established, and the solution algorithm based on K shortest paths was designed to solve the optimal route by comprehensively considering accident risk cost and travel time. The accident risk index of each road section in the example road network was assigned, and the risk of the road section was quantified according to the accident risk cost model. Three candidate paths were calculated by using the path planning algorithm proposed in this study; the total risk cost is 6.19, 6.26, and 6.39, respectively; and the total travel time is 29, 29, and 31, respectively. After comparison, the optimal path and two alternative paths are obtained. The results show that the accident risk cost prediction model based on historical accident data can be used to quantify driving risk. The proposed method can help drivers in the connected and automated environment choose the optimal travel route with the lowest risk and shortest travel time and improve overall traffic safety and efficiency.
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12

Pirikiya, M., H. Amirnejad, J. Oladi, and K. Ataie Solout. "Determining the recreational value of forest park by travel cost method and defining its effective factors." Journal of Forest Science 62, No. 9 (September 30, 2016): 399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/12/2016-jfs.

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13

Amirnejad, Hamid, and Komeil Jahanifar. "Comparison of Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Method in Estimating the Recreational Values of a Forest Park in Iran." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 21, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2018_1/04.

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Today, countries that focus more on economic development considers the tourism industry as a major contributor to it. As one of the major field of tourism, ecotourism is seriously promoted. Estimating monetary value of environmental resources of ecosystem function is a method for understanding if the investments for conservation, improvement or revival of the environmental resources earned social welfare improvements. In this study, The recreational value of Bamo National Park (BNP) was estimated and measured using two methods of Contingent Value Method (CVM) and Travel Cost Method (TCM). The variables, inhabitance, distance from park, first visit, number of visit, deontologist, education, travel cost, visitors income, museum existence and existence of animal species were the effective variables on willingness to pay (WTP) of visitors in 2015. Monthly expected willingness to pay of Consequentialist and Deontologist visitors was US$ 2.08 and 2.47, respectively. Finally, the recreational value of Bamu Park, which were estimated in two methods was equivalent US$ 43940.47 and 79959.25, respectively, in 2015. The travel cost method used the market price information and it revealed there is willingness to pay and 90.7% of visitors have zone inhabitance. Further, travel cost function was ideal for the econometrics theoretical aspect and preferred using the travel cost method instead of contingent value method to valuating the Bamo National Park.
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14

Irsanti, Shilvina Widi, Tri Haryanto, and Deni Kusumawardani. "Nilai Ekonomi Kebun Binatang Surabaya denga Pendekatan Travel Cost Method." Media Trend 15, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/mediatrend.v15i2.6910.

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15

SAKAMOTO, Naoki, and Kazunori NAKAJIMA. "DEVELOPMENT OF GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL CONSISTENT WITH TRAVEL COST METHOD." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) 68, no. 6 (2012): II_217—II_228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejer.68.ii_217.

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16

TAMAI, Masahiro, Kohsei TAKEHARA, Takeharu ETOH, and Nobuyuki SAKAI. "ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF YODO RIVER PARK BY TRAVEL COST METHOD." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 48 (2004): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.48.415.

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17

Common, M., T. Bull, and N. Stoeckl. "The Travel Cost Method: an Empirical Investigation of Randall’s Difficulty." Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 43, no. 4 (December 1999): 457–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.00090.

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18

Mansyur, Resdiansyah, and Fredy Jhon Philip.S. "Travel Time Cost for Private Car in Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) City: Income and Mode Choice Approach." WIDYAKALA JOURNAL 4, no. 2 (October 10, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36262/widyakala.v4i2.62.

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Abstract : Travel time cost is one of the primary aspects that considered, especially with respect to its economic impact. To account for the increment of road users, often travel time cost has to be highlighted and further investigated. One technique to compute travel time costs is by using travel time evaluation as a loss opportunity that used to produce traveling needs. The aim of the study is to compute travel time cost for the private transportation users in BSD City by employing two methodologies. Income approach is the first method, which requires only two factors to be computed (capital income and amount of annual working hour assuming that time used to produce one product as function of personal income). For mode choice approach, the method uses the travel time cost from the model to estimate the choices comparison from the specified mode traffic. In this model, comparisons of choices are assumed as a function of two independent variables; operational cost and time cost. Travel time cost is defined as the comparison between parameter of travel time cost against the operational cost. Additionally, the study adopted stated preference techniques surveys, which have been undertaken in BSD town area to derive the travel time cost. The survey focused on the private car passengers where background information collected were traveling distance, time of travel, journey characteristics, education level, employment and income of the respondents respectively. Subjects were asked to choose between different scenarios of mode choices. For income approach method, the results showed that the travel time cost for the private transport commuters was Rp 6,272 / hour/ person and Rp. 11,828 / hour / person by using mode choice approach. It was found that the value of time has increased as the income increases. Thus, value of time is significant in accounting for personal income.Keywords : Income, Mode Choice, Stated Preference
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19

Merciu, Florentina-Cristina, Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor, and George-Laurenţiu Merciu. "Economic Valuation of Cultural Heritage Using the Travel Cost Method: The Historical Centre of the Municipality of Bucharest as a Case Study." Heritage 4, no. 3 (September 12, 2021): 2356–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030133.

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Because heritage buildings represent a special category of goods due to characteristics such as uniqueness and irreversibility, they are associated with multiple possibilities of use. This article aims to present a complex analysis of the values associated with using heritage buildings in the historical center of Bucharest and their correlation with corresponding conservation measures using the travel cost method. The authors used two computation methods: the zonal travel cost and the individual travel cost methods. The application of Bravais–Pearson’s coefficient of linear correlation confirmed that the demand for a cultural heritage site is inversely related to the travel costs and distance. The results reflect that the demand also depends on other factors, such as the satisfaction level of the tourist experience and tourists’ income and motivations. The study highlights the usefulness of the travel cost method, which facilitates analyzing the relationship between the significant value of using historical monuments and the extremely important conservation process in the current context, marked by socioeconomic dynamics that determine many reuses of cultural heritage.
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Maeda, Takashi, Junichiro Mori, Masanao Ochi, Tetsuo Sakimoto, and Ichiro Sakata. "Measurement of Opportunity Cost of Travel Time for Predicting Future Residential Mobility Based on the Smart Card Data of Public Transportation." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7110416.

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This study attempts to investigate a method for creating an index from mobility data that not only correlates with the number of people who relocate to a place, but also has causal influence on the number of such individuals. By creating an index based on human mobility data, it becomes possible to predict the influence of urban development on future residential movements. In this paper, we propose a method called the travel cost method for multiple places (TCM4MP) by extending the conventional travel cost method (TCM). We assume that the opportunity cost of travel time on non-working days reflects the convenience and amenities of a neighborhood. However, conventional TCM does not assume that the opportunity cost of travel time varies according to the departure place. In this paper, TCM4MP is proposed to estimate the opportunity cost of travel time with respect to the departure place. We consider such estimation to be possible due to the use of massive mobility data. We assume that the opportunity cost of travel time on non-working days reflects the convenience and amenities of the neighborhood. Therefore, we consider that the opportunity cost of travel time has a causal influence on future residential mobility. In this paper, the validity of the proposed method is tested using the smart card data of public transportation in Western Japan. Our proposed method is beneficial for urban planners in estimating the effects of urban development and detecting the shrinkage and growth of a population.
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Novita, Susan, Zainal Abidin, and Eka Kasymir. "VALUASI EKONOMI DENGAN METODE TRAVEL COST PADA WISATA TAMAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI KABUPATEN MESUJI." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 10, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v10i2.6012.

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This research aims to analyze visitor satisfaction on tourism facilities and infrastructures, travel cost, factors that affect the number of visits, and economic value of Taman Kehati in Mesuji Regency. This research used a survey method involving 65 respondents. Data were collected in December 2019. The first objective was analized using likert scale analysis, the second objective used travel cost method, the third objective used multiple linear regression analysis, and the fourth objective used consumer surplus analysis. The study suggests that visitors were satisfied with facilities and infrastructure provided by Taman Kehati, travel cost was IDR165.614 per individual with the highest cost allocated for consumption, which was IDR101.656,72 or 61 percent of total travel cost. The factors affecting the number of visits to Taman Kehati included age, income, travel cost, travel time, day of the visit, and conditions of the park. The economic value of Taman Kehati is IDR993.850.777.736 per year. Key words: economic value, travel costs, visitor satisfaction.
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Morozova, Irina. "A Travel Blog as a Space for Creation and Communication of Travel Models." Folia Turistica 40 (September 30, 2016): 119–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4022.

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Purpose. The purpose of this article is to present the variety of travel models which are conveyed and promoted by amateur travel blogs. Methods. The research sample was constituted on the bases of selected Polish travel blogs which promote travel models. The basic criteria for the selection of these particular blogs was the representativeness and popularity among readers. The testing method was content analysis of selected blogs. Findings. The present study suggests a classification of travel blogs. The research hypothesis claiming that the authors of travel blogs publicize travel models was confirmed. Research and conclusions limitations. The study is focused only on amateur travel blogs which are written in Polish. During the process of research, the author focused on a range of topics of the posts as well as on the publication genres. The present study includes blogs about world travels, travelling with children as well asdogs and low-cost travels. Practical implications. The results of this study indicate a wide range of possible future research studies regarding travel blogs from different perspectives. Originality. This article attempts to establish the definition of a travel model and the main characteristics of a travel blogger which aspire to become a travelebrity. A classification of travel blogs using the 'travel model' key is also provided. Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research conducted by the author.
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23

Maulana, Rahmat Rizky, Bustanul Arifin, and Zainal Abidin. "VALUASI EKONOMI YOUTH CAMP DI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA WAN ABDUL RACHMAN (Tahura WAR)." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Agribisnis 9, no. 3 (October 9, 2021): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jiia.v9i3.5331.

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The study aims at analyzing travel costs, economic valuations, and factors affecting the frequency of tourist visits to Youth Camp in Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park. The research was conducted at the Youth Camp in Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park involving 73 tourist visitors selected by the method of taking moment. Data collection was conducted in November-December 2018. Travel expenses are analyzed by the analysis of travel expenses, economic valuation is calculated using the calculation of travel expenses and consumer surplus and factors that influence the frequency of visitor visits analyzed using regression Poisson. The study shows that the cost of travel borne by visitors to the Youth Camp in Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park amounted to IDR77,188.13 per individual, the highest travel cost was from the cost of consumption and lowest was from the cost of documentation and miscellaneous charges. Factors affecting the frequency of tourist visits to Youth Camp in Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park were cost of travel, income, distance, and facilities. Economic value of the Youth Camp in Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park by using the method of travel costs was IDR1,924,199,.823,454.41.Key words: economic valuation, frequency of visits, travel costs, Youth Camp.
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Riantoro, Dedi. "Menaksir Nilai Ekonomi Objek Wisata Taman Manneken Manokwari : Aplikasi Individual Travel Cost Method." JFRES: Journal of Fiscal and Regional Economy Studies 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36883/jfres.v4i2.64.

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Economic assessment of a tourist attraction, both natural and artificial, is very important for planning sustainable environmental management. The plan aims to maintain the development capital so that it can be managed as a source of regional income and also to improve the welfare of the community. On the other hand, the management of tourism objects can be used to improve the regional economy without the need to exploit its natural resources. This research was conducted at Manneken Park, an artificial tourism object located in Prafi District, Manokwari Regency. The study focused on the number of individual travel costs and the economic value of the tourism object using descriptive research methods with survey techniques involving 100 respondents as resource persons. By using the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM), the results show that the average travel cost is Rp. 692,120, - and the economic value of tourism objects is Rp. 6,925,795.703,-. This indicates that the economic benefits received by tourists to travel to the Manneken Park attraction are greater than the costs incurred. The intended economic benefits are in the form of benefits in the form of comforts such as getting peace, beauty, and satisfaction.
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25

Lalenoh, Anna Maria, Silverter B. Pratasik, Unstain N. W. J. Rembet, Siti Suhaeni, and Ruddy D. Moningkey. "Economic Value of Tourism in Bunaken Island based on Travel Cost Method." Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX 9, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.9.1.2021.32466.

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The objective of the study was to obtain the economic value of tourism in Bunaken Island. It employed Travel Cost Method (TCM), the expenses spent by the visitors from their house to Bunaken Island and during their stay on the island. Questioneers were used as a data collection tool. There were 100 respodents selected using accidental sampling and purposssive sampling. Data analysis applied travel costs of the visitors to Bunaken Island. Results revealed that total economic value based on the total travel costs of IDR. 147.875.000 with an average of IDR. 1.478.750/pers. was IDR. 257.262.425.875. This value is expected to be able to give significant contribution to the social-economic development to Bunaken Island communities, Manado, North Sulawesi.Keywords: Tourism; expense; economic contribution; community. AbstrakTujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan nilai ekonomi wisata di Pulau Bunaken. Penelitian ini menggunakan Travel Cost Method (TCM), yaitu biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh pengunjung dari tempat tinggal dan selama berada di Pulau Buanken. Kuesioner digunakan sebagai alat pengumpul. Data 100 orang responden yang dipilih menggunakan accidental sampling dan purpossive sampling. Pengolahan data menggunakan biaya perjalanan responden ke Pulau Bunaken. Hasil menujukkan bahwa total nilai ekonomi berdasarkan total biaya perjalanan sebesar Rp. 147.875.000 dengan rata-rata biaya perjalanan sebesar Rp. 1.478.750/orang, sehingga total nilai ekonomi Pulau Bunaken adalah sebesar Rp. 257.262.425.875. Nilai ini diharapkan akan memberikan efek yang signifikan bagi pertumbuhan sosial ekonomi khususnya masyarakat Pulau Bunaken, masyarakat Kota Manado dan provinsi Sulawesi Utara.Kata kunci: Pariwisata; biaya; kontribusi ekonomi; masyarakat.
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Schrank, David L., and Timothy J. Lomax. "Estimating the Effect of Operational Improvements in the Houston Area." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1564, no. 1 (January 1996): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156400104.

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Measuring the effects of transportation system improvements has long been a challenge. Two estimates—the congestion index method and the travel delay method—are used to produce a range of possible benefits resulting from the implementation of transportation projects and programs. The congestion index method uses the roadway congestion index (RCI), and its relationship with congestion cost per capita, to estimate the benefit derived from operational improvements. The RCI provides an areawide assessment of congestion based on freeway and principal arterial street system daily vehicle kilometers of travel per lane kilometer data. The travel delay method calculates congestion cost by associating the value of time, cost of fuel, and cost of operating commercial vehicles with travel delay estimates. These two methods are used to estimate the effects of three types of transportation system improvement projects/programs—freeway traffic management system, high-occupancy vehicle lanes, and regional computerized traffic signal system— implemented on the freeway and principal arterial street system in Houston, Texas. Although only three operational projects/programs are discussed, it is possible to effectively evaluate the implementation of many other improvements using this methodology.
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Rusmaya, Deni, Astri Widiastuti Hasbiah, and Tsabit Walad al Wahad. "Determination of Tebing Keraton Recreation Demand Functions With Travel Cost Method." Volume 6 No.1. March 2022 6, no. 1 (March 27, 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v6i1.5346.

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Forest recreation services as additional products that are intangible. It can not be quantified because it does not have a price on the normal market system. It underlies a study to determine the economic value of recreation, with case studies Tebing Keraton using the Individual Travel Cost Method. Analysis of data obtained from questionnaires using data processing equipment SPSS version 21 with multiple linear regression method to get the Tebing Keraton recreation demand functions. The variables that influence the number of visits are travel cost, total income, age, mileage, and gender. Coefficient values of variables determine the trend in increasing or decreasing the number of tourist visits. In this study, the demand functions divided into two recreational functions for students/scholar and for working people considering total income per month category. Based on the regression results, demand functions for students/scholar, is Y=-2.179–0.0000347X1+0.286X2+0.159X3-0.0000794X4-0.267X5, and for working people is Y=1.994–0.00000164X1+0.53X2-0.32X3-0.003X4-0.334X5. The regression result obtained a coefficient of determination (R2) that the percentage of the diversity of demand number of visits to Tebing Keraton which can be explained by the independent variables in the model. R2 value of model for students/scholar is 67.1%, which is more than 0.5, showing the moderate accuracy. While for working people, the value of R2 is 48.9%, which is in the range of 0.31 – 0.5, indicate the weak accuracy.
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Kusumaningtyas, Khairani, Rahel Situmorang, and Anindita Ramadhani. "Pengembangan Kawasan Pariwisata Kota Lama Tegal dengan Pendekatan Travel Cost Method." JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN KARYA ILMIAH LEMBAGA PENELITIAN UNIVERSITAS TRISAKTI 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/pdk.v7i1.10392.

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Sektor pariwisata memiliki peranan penting terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah yang akan berdampak pada keberhasilan pembangunan daerah. Kawasan Pariwisata Kota Lama Tegal merupakan potensi kegiatan pariwisata kota yang seharusnya dapat berkontribusi pada pendapatan daerah sektor pariwisata. Pengelolaan Objek Daya Tarik Wisata seringkali mengalami keterbatasan dalam penyediaan sarana dan prasarana, sehingga dapat menyebabkan hambatan kontribusi kawasan wisata terhadap pendapatan daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan arahan pengembangan kawasan pariwisata Kota Lama Tegal dengan menggunakan Travel Cost Method, yaitu dengan mengidentifikasi nilai ekonomi kawasan berdasarkan perhitungan total biaya perjalanan yang dikeluarkan oleh wisatawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai ekonomi kawasan pariwisata Kota Lama Tegal berasal dari dua kawasan yaitu Kawasan Alun-Alun dan Kawasan Balaikota Lama. Kawasan Alun-Alun memiliki nilai ekonomi kawasan lebih unggul dibandingkan Kawasan Balaikota Lama, karena komponen pariwisata yang lebih memadai dan Kawasan Alun-Alun lebih dikenal oleh wisatawan sebagai destinasi untuk berwisata di Kota Tegal. Arahan pengembangan bagi Kawasan Alun-Alun adalah untuk tetap mempertahankan dan memaksimalkan implementasi rencana pengembangan sistem kepariwisataan, sedangkan untuk Kawasan Balaikota Lama diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengelolaan Objek Daya Tarik Wisata dan dapat menyediakan sarana penunjang pariwisata untuk meningkatkan minat wisatawan.
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Thapa, Arjun K. "Recreational Demand for Fewa Lake: An Application of Travel Cost Method." Economic Literature 11 (May 9, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/el.v11i0.14867.

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<p>Economic valuation of non-market commodities like the recreational amenities provided by national parks, lakes, zoos and sanctuaries is complex and new in Nepal. In this study it is intended to analyze the recreational demand of Fewa Lake by using individual travel cost method. Fifty Nepali visitors were interviewed by administering close ended questionnaire schedule. Most of the respondents were urban unmarried males with secondary and above qualifications, earning a monthly income of around rupees ten thousand. The regression result shows cost of travelling, income, age, * education and location as the major determinants of demand for Fewa Lake’s recreational amenities. The consumer surplus was estimated to be Rs. 18.5 per Nepali visitor per trip. It can be inferred that a provision of entry fee along with quality enhancement would attract more visitors and generate revenue for this Lake. </p><p><strong>Economic Literature,</strong> Vol. XI (54-59), June 2013 </p>
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Suzuki, Tasuke, and Kota Asano. "Valuing Recreational Benefits by Travel Cost Method Using Off-site Data." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 21 (2002): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.21.21-suppl_55.

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Armadinata, Rifki, and Kancitra Pharmawati. "VALUASI NILAI EKONOMI WISATA PANTAI SAWARNA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TRAVEL COST METHOD." Journal of Community Based Environmental Engineering and Management 3, no. 2 (September 17, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v3i2.1835.

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Pantai Sawarna di Kabupaten Lebak memiliki keindahan alam yang dapat digunakan sebagai daya tarik objek wisata bagi setiap pengunjung. Keindahan alam pada kenyataannya tidak terhitung menjadi nilai ekonomi atau tidak memiliki nilai pasar, sehingga pentingnya dilakukan valuasi ekonomi untuk memperkecil eksternalitas yang dapat menyebabkan kegagalan pasar karena suatu barang atau jasa yang tidak memiliki nilai pasar, sehingga dalam kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai ekonomi Pantai Sawarna dari sumberdaya alam yang tidak memiliki nilai Pasar. Metode valuasi ekonomi yang digunakan adalah metode biaya perjalanan dengan pendekatan individu (Individual Travel Cost Method). ITCM dipilih sebagai pendekatan yang lebih teliti dalam menilai kondisi sosial ekonomi pengunjung sehingga mengetahui nilai ekonomi dan nilai Willingness To Pay dari biaya perjalanan pengunjung. Willingness To Pay (WTP) dijadikan untuk mencari nilai ekonomi dan surplus konsumen area Pantai Sawarna. Hasil dari valuasi ekonomi dengan pendekatan ITCM yang digunakan di area Pantai Sawarna tersebut didapat nilai rata-rata WTP sebesar Rp. 93.672,-/pengunjung, dan nilai ekonomi Pantai Sawarna adalah Rp. 6.722.558.424,- / tahun. Nilai surplus konsumen adalah Rp. 5.164.066.252,-.
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Dobbs, I. M. "ADJUSTING FOR SAMPLE SELECTION BIAS IN THE INDIVIDUAL TRAVEL COST METHOD." Journal of Agricultural Economics 44, no. 2 (May 1993): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.1993.tb00276.x.

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Douglas, Aaron J., and Richard L. Johnson. "The travel cost method and the economic value of leisure time." International Journal of Tourism Research 6, no. 5 (2004): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jtr.500.

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Li, Jingmei, Tieying Liu, Yuanyuan Zhang, and Lei Li. "Appraisal of coastal recreational resources in Qingdao by travel cost method." Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China 3, no. 3 (July 23, 2009): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-009-0038-z.

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Anex, Robert P. "A Travel-Cost Method of Evaluating Household Hazardous Waste Disposal Services." Journal of Environmental Management 45, no. 2 (October 1995): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jema.1995.0067.

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Aswat, Muhammad, and Muhammad Anshar Nur. "Valuasi Nilai Ekonomi Langsung Hutan Mangrove sebagai Penyedia Jasa Wisata di Pulau Burung Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu." JIEP: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 5, no. 2 (November 24, 2022): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jiep.v5i2.6952.

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This study aims to determine the characteristics and assessments of visitor Pulau Burung Mangrove Forest s, willingness to pay, and the travel cost method. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews using questionnaires and documentation with the number of respondents as many as 75 people. The data were processed using quantitative descriptive, willingness to pay, and the travel cost method. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the characteristics and perceptions of visitors vary widely, consisting of age, regional origin, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, total income, type of vehicle, information about tourist attractions, tourist attractions, motivation, additional facilities, security, officer services, accessibility, cleanliness, entrance tickets, willingness to pay and the respondent's travel costs.The results of this study, the willingness to pay value is Rp. 28,000.00 / person. In addition, the value of the travel cost method is known to be Rp. 165,667 / person. So that in one year each value of willingness to pay, and travel cost method for tourism in Bird Island Mangrove Forest is Rp. 169,668,000.00 and Rp. 1,004,970,500.00.
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KODAMA, Yoshifumi, and Hironobu TAKESHITA. "The Study of Valuation Method to Assess Public Projects: Applying Hypothetical Travel Cost Method." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 22, no. 4 (2004): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.22.4_269.

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Soleha, Soleha, Yudi Sapta Pranoto, and Evahelda Evahelda. "VALUASI EKONOMI OBJEK WISATA HUTAN MANGROVE MUNJANG DI DESA KURAU BARAT KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH." SOCA: Jurnal Sosial, Ekonomi Pertanian 14, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/soca.2020.v14.i01.p09.

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This study aims to calculate economic value based on travel costs and environmental services of Mangrove Munjang Forest attractions. This research was conducted in the supporting Mangrove Munjang Forest in Kurau Barat Village, Koba Subdistrict, Central Bangka Regency starting in November 2018 until June 2019. The research method used was the survey method. The sampling method using simple accidental sampling for the determination of 100 respondents obtained using the Rao Purba formula, and the method of analysing travel costs using Pearson Correlation analysis. The results of the study showed that the overall economic value of Mangrove Munjang Forests was Rp28.292.560.968 per year that is the flora value of Rp15.037.827.000, fauna value Rp7.286.730.000, carbon dioxide absorption value is Rp4.261.243.068 and the value of travel cost is Rp1.706.760.900. The correlation between the cost of travel and the number of visits showed a strong relationship namely -,540 with the direction of a negative relationship namely the higher the cost of travel incurred by visitors, the lower the visitor’s desire to travel o tourist attractions and vice versa.
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Chan, K. Hung, Shui F. Lam, and Shijun Cheng. "Audit Scheduling and the Control of Travel Costs Using an Optimization Model for Multinational and Multinational Audits." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 13, no. 1 (January 1998): 67–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9801300104.

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Auditor travel can significantly complicate the scheduling process and have an important impact on audit cost, especially for audits of multinational companies. This paper formulates an optimization model that specifically incorporates auditor travel time and costs in the determination of the overall optimal audit schedule. From a more theoretical perspective, this research extends the method of cost control by proposing a method by which a sequence-dependent setup cost (i.e., travel cost) and an associated variable cost (i.e., out-of-town cost) can be programmed into an optimization process for audit planning. The proposed model provides an optimal schedule considering such costs in a multiple nonidentical manpower (i.e., different auditors) environment. Previous research on manpower scheduling has not dealt with sequence-dependent travel costs. The out-of-town time and cost elements are unique for manpower scheduling and not applicable for machine scheduling. An implementation of the model to an actual empirical audit is presented.
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Suryani, Irma, Muhammad Syahrudin, and Frans Yohanes. "Pengaruh Pengendalian Intern Terhadap Efektivitas Biaya Perjalanan Dinas." Akuntabilitas 15, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/akt.v15i2.28659.

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Business travel is a cost that quite affects cash disbursements, so it is necessary to carry out effective controls to prevent fraud. The company has implemented internal control but there are still some irregularities in the management of official travel expenses. This study aims to analyze the influence of internal control on the cost effectiveness of official travel at Shafira Corporation. The research method uses quantitative research methods. Sources of data obtained from primary data with data collection through filling out a questionnaire given to 31 respondents who are employees of the company and the author’s direct observations. Data analysis used a simple regression method. The results of the study indicate that the internal control system affects the effectiveness of official travel expense where the elements of internal control have been implemented so as to minimize the risk of fraud and violations of official travel expense. The results of this study will have an impact on the cost of official travel which is carried out in accordance with budget standards and work programs that have been determined through the implementation of internal control functions.
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Zhang, Fan, Xiao Hua Wang, Paulo A. L. D. Nunes, and Chunbo Ma. "The recreational value of gold coast beaches, Australia: An application of the travel cost method." Ecosystem Services 11 (February 2015): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.09.001.

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Noho, Yumanraya, Rendy Wijaya, and Krishna Anugrah. "Analisis Nilai Ekonomi Pengembangan Ekowisata Kawasan Danau Limboto Menggunakan Travel Cost Method Approach." Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Budaya 6, no. 2 (June 3, 2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v6i2.269.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis seberapa besar nilai ekonomi pengembangan ekowisata kawasan Danau Limboto. Metode penelitian menggunakan travel cost method approach. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh bahwa keinginan membayar willingness to pay (WTP) untuk memasuki zona kawasan Danau Limboto per tahun yaitu sebesar Rp43.695.000.000. Nilai ekonomi pengembangan ekowisata kawasan Danau Limboto cukup besar. Hal ini disebabkan karena nilai ekowisata yang dihitung dalam penelitian ini tidak hanya merupakan nilai dari situs wisata yang ada di kawasan Danau Limboto, namun juga sudah termasuk ke dalam biaya perjalanan (travel cost).
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Tian, Zhiqiang, Guofeng Sun, Dingjun Chen, Zhicheng Qiu, and Yawen Ma. "Method for Determining the Valid Travel Route of Railways Based on Generalised Cost under the Syncretic Railway Network." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 11, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8287648.

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Travel route options for passengers can provide data support for railway line planning, passenger flow organisation, and train operation establishment. A critical review of the literature indicates that previous studies mainly focused on choices offered by a single railway network path without much consideration of China’s normal-speed and high-speed integrated railway network and the effect of train timetable on passengers’ travel choice. In this study, a method based on generalised cost is proposed to discover the valid routes of passenger travel in the integrated network of China’s normal-speed and high-speed railways. After quantifying the effects of train fare, travel time, transfer, travel convenience, comfort, and other factors on the generalised expenses of passengers, this study presents a generalised cost determination method when individuals select an option from different seats of different trains of specific railway transport products. Theoretically, the valid routes considering the train schedule is defined, and a valid route search algorithm is designed using the deep traversal idea in a new valid route searching network. Considering the Lanzhou-Beijing passenger travel routes as an example, this study verifies the practicability of the generalised cost calculation method, as well as that of the valid routes search method.
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Whitehead, John C. "Measuring Use Value from Recreation Participation: Reply." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 26, no. 1 (July 1994): 314–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800019404.

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In Whitehead (1992), I proposed a one-step method of estimating recreational use values. I appreciate the opportunity to clarify several points made in the original paper and correct some mathematical errors. The criticisms raise three major issues that should be addressed: the theoretical construct of use value, diminishing marginal utility, and empirical specification. Before I address the criticisms I would like to emphasize that the one-step, recreation-participation method is not viewed as superior to the two-step, travel-cost method or any of its extensions. The method is a means of obtaining order of magnitude use-value estimates if the travel-cost method can not be implemented. To re-state one of the conclusions: “The one-step method is a useful, low-cost substitute for two-step travel cost models when research budgets are limited (Whitehead, 1992 p. 118).” This notion was underemphasized in the original paper.
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Budi Setyawan, Titan, Achmad Fahrudin, and Handoko Adi Susanto. "Valuasi Ekonomi Wisata Memancing di Perairan Laut Sekitar Tanjung Kait, Tangerang, Banten: Pendekatan Contingent Valuation Method dan Travel Cost Method." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 4, no. 3 (October 31, 2020): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2020.4.3.172-185.

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Economic Valuation of Recreational Fishing Tourism in Tanjung Kait Coastal Water, Tangerang, Banten: Contingent Valuation Method and Travel Cost Method Approach Tanjung Kait, located in the north coast of Tangerang, has undeveloped tourism potential of recreational fishing on a bamboo platform in the middle of the sea. The purpose of this research was to determine the economic value of recreational fishing tourism in Tanjung Kait and to identify the influencing factors of the tourism demand in Tanjung Kait. Methods used in this research were Travel Cost Method (TCM) and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Linear regression was used to determine influencing factors of tourism demand. Data were obtained by interviewing tourists as respondents, with the help of questionnaires. The result of TCM showed that factors that significantly contributed the number of visits were education and duration of visit. Potential economic value of tourism activity in Tanjung Kait based on TCM reached IDR 3,272,524,846 annually. The result of CVM showed that the factor that significantly affected willingness-to-pay was education. Potential economic value of tourism activity in Tanjung Kait based on CVM reached IDR 2,254,934,539 annually.
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Sun, Zhichao, Kang Zhou, Xinzheng Yang, Xiao Peng, and Rui Song. "Optimization Method of Customized Shuttle Bus Lines under Random Condition." Algorithms 14, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14020052.

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Transit network optimization can effectively improve transit efficiency, improve traffic conditions, and reduce the pollution of the environment. In order to better meet the travel demands of passengers, the factors influencing passengers’ satisfaction with a customized bus are fully analyzed. Taking the minimum operating cost of the enterprise as the objective and considering the random travel time constraints of passengers, the customized bus routes are optimized. The K-means clustering analysis is used to classify the passengers’ needs based on the analysis of the passenger travel demand of the customized shuttle bus, and the time stochastic uncertainty under the operating environment of the customized shuttle bus line is fully considered. On the basis of meeting the passenger travel time requirements and minimizing the cost of service operation, an optimization model that maximizes the overall satisfaction of passengers and public transit enterprises is structured. The smaller the value of the objective function is, the lower the operating cost. When the value is negative, it means there is profit. The model is processed by the deterministic processing method of random constraints, and then the hybrid intelligent algorithm is used to solve the model. A stochastic simulation technique is used to train stochastic constraints to approximate uncertain functions. Then, the improved immune clonal algorithm is used to solve the vehicle routing problem. Finally, it is proved by a case that the method can reasonably and efficiently realize the optimization of the customized shuttle bus lines in the region.
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RIZAL, Achmad, Suhendar I. SACHOEMAR, Ratu Siti ALIAH, Awal SUBANDAR, HARYANTI HARYANTI, MUHAMI MUHAMI, Sumiarti ANDRI, and Syahril MAKOSIM. "ECONOMIC VALUATION AND THE DETERMINANTS OF DEMAND FACTORS OF BANDUNG STRAWBERRY AGROTOURISM, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 43, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1081–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.43329-923.

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Strawberry agrotourism is the most extensive strawberry farming in Bandung, West Java. This agrotourism has the potential for nature, tourism, conservation, and regional economic potential. This research aims to identify the characteristics and assessment of visitors, identify factors influencing tourism demand, and estimate the value of the agrotourism economy. The economic value is analyzed using the method of TCM (Travel Cost Method). This method is calculated based on total consumer surplus, travel cost coefficient, and respondent visits. The average travel cost incurred by 379 respondents during the trip is IDR. 413,699, and the total cost of the entire journey is IDR.156,792,000. The surplus of consumer visits is IDR. 12,670, and the individual consumer surplus visits are IDR.33. The economic value generated for one year is IDR. 237,600. The factors that influence the demand are income, distance, and time to know the location. At the same time, the factors that do not affect the market are travel cost, education, number of dependents in the family, gender, and age of visitors.
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Mei, Zhenyu, Qifeng Lou, Wei Zhang, Lihui Zhang, and Fei Shi. "Modelling the Effects of Parking Charge and Supply Policy Using System Dynamics Method." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6463586.

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Reasonable parking charge and supply policy are essential for the regular operation of the traffic in city center. This paper develops an evaluation model for parking policies using system dynamics. A quantitative study is conducted to examine the effects of parking charge and supply policy on traffic speed. The model, which is composed of three interrelated subsystems, first summarizes the travel cost of each travel mode and then calibrates the travel choice model through the travel mode subsystem. Finally, the subsystem that evaluates the state of traffic forecasts future car speed based on bureau of public roads (BPR) function and generates new travel cost until the entire model reaches a steady state. The accuracy of the model is verified in Hangzhou Wulin business district. The related error of predicted speed is only 2.2%. The results indicate that the regular pattern of traffic speed and parking charge can be illustrated using the proposed model based on system dynamics, and the model infers that reducing the parking supply in core area will increase its congestion level and, under certain parking supply conditions, there exists an interval of possible pricing at which the service reaches a level that is fairly stable.
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Wibowo, Muhammad Teguh, Zainal Abidin, and Lina Marlina. "ECONOMIC VALUATION WITH TRAVEL COST METHOD (TCM) SLANIK WATERPARK SOUTH LAMPUNG DISTRICT." Volume 5 No. 1 March 2021 5, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/jcbeem.v5i1.3359.

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This study aims to analyze: (1) the factors that affecting the number of tourist visits, (2) the economic value of the Slanik Waterpark in South Lampung District, (3) the visitor satisfaction with tourism cost attribute. This study uses survey method involving 70 respondents who came during the COVID 19 outbreak. The first objective uses multiple linear regression analysis, the second objective uses consumer surplus analysis, and the third uses the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) analysis. Data was collected in June until July 2020. The research shows that the factors that influence the number of tourist visits Slanik Waterpark are travel costs and days of visits, the economic value of the Slanik Waterpark tourist attraction is IDR 13,060,150,376 every year, the visitors are satisfied with the cost attributes incurred when traveled to Slanik Waterpark.
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OHNO, Eiji, Soki TANAE, and Akiyoshi TAKAGI. "Benefit Evaluation of Park Improvement by using the New Travel Cost Method." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 13 (1996): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.13.401.

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