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1

Willis, K. G. Estimating wildlife conservation site benefits using a travel cost method. Newcastle upon Tyne: University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Dept of Town and Country Planning, 1987.

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2

Dobbs, Ian. On adjusting for truncation and sample selection bias in the individual travel-cost method. Newcastle upon Tyne: Countryside Change Unit, Dept. of Agricultural Economics & Food Marketing, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1993.

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3

Dobbs, Ian M. The individual travel-cost method: Estimation and benefit assessment with a discrete and possibly grouped dependentvalue. Newcastle upon Tyne: Countryside Change Unit, Dept. of Agricultural Economics & Food Marketing, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1991.

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4

Bateman, I. J. An introduction to the estimation of the welfare benefits of non-priced recreation using the travel-cost method. Newcastle upon Tyne: Countryside Change Unit, Dept. of Agricultural Economics & Food Marketing, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1992.

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5

Associates, Cambridge Energy Research. Cost-effective deepwater development: Seeing the forest from the "trees". Cambridge, Mass: Cambridge Energy Research Associates, 2001.

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6

Genesove, David. Validating the conjectural variation method: The sugar industry, 1890-1914. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995.

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7

Lerche, I. Inverse and risking methods in hydrocarbon exploration: A compendium. Essex, UK: Multi-Science Publishing Co., Ltd., 2005.

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8

You tian yuan you kai cai de gui mo jing ji li lun ji qi ying yong yan jiu. Beijing Shi: Jing ji guan li chu ban she, 2005.

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9

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Allowance trading offers an opportunity to reduce emissions at less cost : report to the Chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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10

Institute of Medicine (U.S.), United States. Office of the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, and Assessing the Human Health Effects of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill (2010 : New Orleans, La.), eds. Assessing the effects of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill on human health: A summary of the June 2010 workshop. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2010.

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11

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: EPA should improve oversight of emissions reporting by large facilities : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.

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12

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Issues inhibiting marine vessel emission controls are still unresolved : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.

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13

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: EPA could take additional steps to help maximize the benefits from the 2007 diesel emissions standards. Washington, D.C: United States, General Accounting Office, 2004.

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14

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Hazards of indoor radon could pose a national health problem : report. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1987.

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15

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: EPA's actions to resolve concerns with the fine particulate monitoring program : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1999.

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16

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Emission sources regulated by multiple Clean Air Act provisions : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety, Commmittee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2000.

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17

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: The Border Smog Reduction Act's impact on ozone levels : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1999.

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18

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: EPA's strategy to control emissions of benzene and gasoline vapor : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1985.

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19

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Emissions from older electricity generating units : report to congressional committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2002.

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20

Gold, Heather Taffet. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Implementation Science. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0039.

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Cost-effectiveness analysis is a tool used to systematically and quantitatively compare trade-offs between health outcomes and costs of alternative health care interventions with standards set for the United States. Many recommendations, however, may not coalesce with implementation science methods. There is a lack of consensus for economic evaluation in implementation science that has resulted in conflicting norms and conventions, which in turn make analyses difficult to compare, raise quality concerns, and may put the relevance of research into question. This chapter suggests new standards as areas for future research to improve the quality, rigor, transparency, and ultimately comparability of cost-effectiveness analyses in implementation science.
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21

Cookson, Richard, Susan Griffin, Ole F. Norheim, and Anthony J. Culyer, eds. Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198838197.001.0001.

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Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis aims to help healthcare and public health organizations make fairer decisions with better outcomes. Standard cost-effectiveness analysis provides information about total costs and effects. Distributional cost-effectiveness analysis provides additional information about fairness in the distribution of costs and effects—who gains, who loses, and by how much. It can also provide information about the trade-offs that sometimes occur between efficiency objectives such as improving total health and equity objectives such as reducing unfair inequality in health. This is a practical guide to a flexible suite of economic methods for quantifying the equity consequences of health programmes in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. The methods can be tailored and combined in various ways to provide useful information to different decision makers in different countries with different distributional equity concerns. The handbook is primarily aimed at postgraduate students and analysts specializing in cost-effectiveness analysis but is also accessible to a broader audience of health sector academics, practitioners, managers, policymakers, and stakeholders. Part I is an introduction and overview for research commissioners, users, and producers. Parts II and III provide step-by-step technical guidance on how to simulate and evaluate distributions, with accompanying hands-on spreadsheet training exercises. Part IV concludes with discussions about how to handle uncertainty about facts and disagreement about values, and the future challenges facing this young and rapidly evolving field of study.
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22

Valuing the recreational uses of Pakistan's wetlands: An application of the travel cost method. Kathmandu: South Asian Network for Development and Environmental Economics (SANDEE), 2011.

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23

Shalloof, Faisal M. Impact of various factors upon benefits from big game hunting estimated by the travel cost method. 1985.

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24

Knight, Andrew P. Innovations in unobtrusive methods. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796978.003.0004.

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Andrew P. Knight explores developments in unobtrusive research methods using unconventional sources of data from computer-based systems and tools. These generate novel measures of behaviour based on the digital trace data that we all generate, online access to public and personal archives, wearable sensors, and the automatic coding of text, and audio and video recordings. Smartphones and wristbands are just two of the growing range of connected devices that are capable of capturing and sharing multimedia information in real-time. Devices such as these offer new ways in which researchers can gather data at low cost, avoiding reactance effects, allowing the study of how phenomena change over time, and expanding the scale of research, given the wide dissemination of the technology. Before adopting these methods, researchers need to consider whether they have the expertise, and the ethical issues raised by using information (which may be in the public domain) without informed consent.
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25

Weidner, Kerri L. A method to improve consumer surplus estimates from truncated recreation demand data. 1995.

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26

Luna, Paul. Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574797.003.0007.

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This chapter considers the technologies that emerged in the publishing trade between 1970 and 2004. OUP’s response to technological change can be considered in three phases. Initially the Press invested in the computerization of typesetting as both a cost- and time-saving measure. During the second phase, the Press introduced the efficient use of computers in book design and experimented with the sale of software and packaged electronic publications. The third phase witnessed the advent of the worldwide web, which allowed the Press to develop and exploit new methods of advertisement, sales, distribution, and publication. Throughout these phases, the Press demonstrated a consistent desire to reduce costs, protect intellectual property, and expand into new markets. Along with these developments in publication and distribution, the chapter briefly considers the impact of the computerization of administrative, editorial, and other office tasks.
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27

Arras, John. Methods in Bioethics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190665982.001.0001.

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This book provides an overview and critical discussion of the main philosophical methods that have dominated the field of bioethics. The first three chapters outline some influential theories that are important to understanding the methodological approaches that follow. Chapter 1 offers a survey of the theory of principlism as expounded by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress, chapter 2 examines Bernard Gert’s defense of common morality, and chapter 3 discusses the so-termed new casuistry. The next three chapters trace a historical dialectic. Chapter 4 explores the shift that has increasingly occurred in bioethics away from the pursuit of objectivity or truth and toward narrative ethics, while chapter 5 uncovers the “classical” roots of American pragmatism and explains their ongoing relevance for contemporary bioethics. This paves the way for chapter 6’s examination of “freestanding” pragmatists such as Susan Wolf who, in contrast, see their approach as untethered to the classical canon of American pragmatism. With this background firmly established, the next two chapters handle some influential contemporary approaches. Chapter 7 considers the “internal morality” approach to medicine; chapter 8 discusses the method of reflective equilibrium, and chapter 9 summarizes and reflects on the results of the preceding eight chapters. Rather than staking out and defending a final position, the book aspires to uncover the costs and benefits of the respective methodological approaches that are surveyed. In the words of Kierkegaard, it aims to make life “harder” rather than “easier” for bioethics by uncovering some outstanding challenges.
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28

Barton, Gregory A. The Search for Pre-Modern Wisdom. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199642533.003.0005.

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Over time, the myth of the peasant origins of the organic farming movement has come to prominence amongst those who advocate organic farming methods, with the belief being that, through his writings on organic farming, Howard had bequeathed to the West the ancient wisdom of the East. This chapter traces the origins of the organic farming protocols to Albert Howard, rather than pre-industrial peasant agriculture among the Hunza. It highlights that the Indore Methods of composting solved a practical need to raise soil fertility without the cost of chemical fertilizers, and draws attention to the unique accomplishments of Albert and Gabrielle Howard at Indore.
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29

United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Policy Development and United States. Dept. of Transportation, eds. Technical methods for analyzing pricing measures to reduce transportation emissions. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Policy, 1998.

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30

Sugar program: Changing the method for setting import quotas could reduce cost to users : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1999.

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31

Riyadi, Dedi M. M. Monte Carlo study of several methods for estimating linear demand for outdoor recreation from censored and truncated data. 1992.

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32

Lindvall, Johannes. Reform Capacity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198766865.001.0001.

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Reform capacity—the ability of political decision-makers to adopt and implement policy changes that benefit society as a whole—can be achieved in two different ways. One method is to build institutions that concentrate power, enabling governments to ignore losers from reform. The other method, which governments rely more on in systems where power is shared, is to build institutions that enable governments to compensate losers from reform. The book discusses numerous empirical examples of how governments have built support for reforms by compensating losers. These examples are drawn from several different policy areas, including trade and labor market policy, fiscal policy, social policy, and tax and economic policy. If political decision-makers in power-sharing democracies are able to solve the bargaining problems that can sometimes complicate negotiations between winners and losers, power-sharing systems have certain advantages over power-concentration systems. Power sharing can lead to high reform capacity in societies where interest groups are powerful enough to block reforms. Power sharing can also lead to high reform capacity when reforms have short-term costs and long-term benefits, since it helps to correct some of the short-sightedness inherent in democratic policymaking.
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33

Langlitz, Nicolas. Chimpanzee Culture Wars. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691204284.001.0001.

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In the 1950s, Japanese zoologists took note when a number of macaques invented and passed on new food-washing behaviors within their troop. The discovery opened the door to a startling question: Could animals other than humans share social knowledge, and thus possess culture? The subsequent debate has rocked the scientific world, pitting cultural anthropologists against evolutionary anthropologists, field biologists against experimental psychologists, and scholars from Asia against their colleagues in Europe and North America. This book presents first-hand observations gleaned from months that the author spent among primatologists on different sides of the controversy. The author travels across continents, from field stations in the Ivory Coast and Guinea to laboratories in Germany and Japan. As he compares the methods and arguments of the different researchers he meets, he also considers the plight of cultural primatologists as they seek to document chimpanzee cultural diversity during the Anthropocene, an era in which human culture is remaking the planet. How should we understand the chimpanzee culture wars in light of human-caused mass extinctions? The book takes the reader on a journey into high-tech laboratories and wilderness, all in pursuit of an answer to the question of the human–animal divide.
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34

Borzu, Sabahi. Compensation and Restitution in Investor-State Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199601189.001.0001.

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This book presents a detailed study on compensation and restitution in investor state arbitration pursuant to investment treaties. The study begins by examining the historical roots of the principles of reparation, restitution, and compensation in international law as reflected in the landmark Chorzów Factory case. The roots of these principles are traced to Roman law and private law concepts that entered into the European continent's legal systems. Moving to modern times, the study focuses on the principle of reparation set out in the Chorzów Factory case and its requirement that reparation put the aggrieved party in the ‘hypothetical position’ that would have existed if not for the wrongful act. Restitution, both material and judicial, is discussed as a form of reparation. Compensation, by far the more common form of reparation in modern international investment disputes, is discussed in detail. In dealing with compensation for expropriation, this book examines the recent trends in which lawful and unlawful expropriation cases are distinguished and the impact that this distinction can have on the amount of compensation. This book additionally outlines some of the main valuation and accounting methods used in setting the hypothetical position to measure compensation due. Various forms of supplemental compensation, such as moral damages, interest, or arbitration costs, may also be necessary to fully restore the hypothetical position; these are discussed along with applicable limitations. This study also sets out important principles that may limit compensation generally, such as causation and the prohibition on double counting.
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35

(Editor), Gert-Jan de Vreede, Luis A. Guerrero (Editor), and Gabriela Marín Raventós (Editor), eds. Groupware: Design, Implementation, and Use: 10th International Workshop, CRIWG 2004, San Carlos, Costa Rica, September 5-9, 2004, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Springer, 2004.

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36

Financial management: Analysis of selected VA and FHA housing program accounting methods : report to the Chairman, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1991.

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37

Financial management: Analysis of selected VA and FHA housing program accounting methods : report to the Chairman, Committee on Veterans' Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1991.

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38

Air pollution: Allowance trading offers an opportunity to reduce emissions at less cost : report to the chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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39

Air pollution: Allowance trading offers an opportunity to reduce emissions at less cost : report to the chairman, Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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40

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Estimated benefits and costs of the Navajo Generating Station's emissions limit : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources, Committee on Resources, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.

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41

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Reliability and adequacy of air quality dispersion models : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.

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42

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: EPA's strategy to control emissions of benzene and gasoline vapor : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1985.

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43

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Prior indoor air quality problems at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences : report to the Honorable Lauch Faircloth, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.

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44

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Status of dispute over Alaska oil pipeline air quality controls : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Energy Regulation and Conservation, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1988.

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45

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Unresolved issues may hamper success of EPA's proposed emissions program : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1992.

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46

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: National air monitoring network is inadequate : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.

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47

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: EPA's efforts to control gasoline vapors from motor vehicles : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1989.

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48

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Oxygenated fuels help reduce carbon monoxide : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1991.

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49

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Global pollution from jet aircraft could increase in the future : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1992.

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50

Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Impact of White House entities on two clean air rules : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1993.

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