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Morozova, Irina. "A Travel Blog as a Space for Creation and Communication of Travel Models." Folia Turistica 40 (September 30, 2016): 119–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4022.
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Purpose. The purpose of this article is to present the variety of travel models which are conveyed and promoted by amateur travel blogs. Methods. The research sample was constituted on the bases of selected Polish travel blogs which promote travel models. The basic criteria for the selection of these particular blogs was the representativeness and popularity among readers. The testing method was content analysis of selected blogs. Findings. The present study suggests a classification of travel blogs. The research hypothesis claiming that the authors of travel blogs publicize travel models was confirmed. Research and conclusions limitations. The study is focused only on amateur travel blogs which are written in Polish. During the process of research, the author focused on a range of topics of the posts as well as on the publication genres. The present study includes blogs about world travels, travelling with children as well asdogs and low-cost travels. Practical implications. The results of this study indicate a wide range of possible future research studies regarding travel blogs from different perspectives. Originality. This article attempts to establish the definition of a travel model and the main characteristics of a travel blogger which aspire to become a travelebrity. A classification of travel blogs using the 'travel model' key is also provided. Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research conducted by the author.
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Milon, J. Walter. "Travel Cost Methods for Estimating the Recreational Use Benefits of Artificial Marine Habitat." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 20, no. 1 (July 1988): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200025681.
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AbstractThe growing popularity of marine recreational fishing has created considerable interest in artificial marine habitat development to maintain and enhance coastal fishery stocks. This paper provides a comparative evaluation of travel cost methods to estimate recreational use benefits for new habitat site planning. Theoretical concerns about price and quality effects of substitute sites, corner solutions in site choice, and econometric estimation are considered. Results from a case study indicate that benefit estimates are influenced by the way these concerns are addressed, but relatively simple single site models can provide defensible estimates. Practical limitations on data collection and model estimation are also considered.
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Chintantya, Dea, and Maryono Maryono. "Comparing Value of Urban Green Space Using Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Methods." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183107008.
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Green urban open space are an important element of the city. They gives multiple benefits for social life, human health, biodiversity, air quality, carbon sequestration, and water management. Travel Cost Method (TCM) and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) are the most frequently used method in various studies that assess environmental good and services in monetary term for valuing urban green space. Both of those method are determined the value of urban green space through willingness to pay (WTP) for ecosystem benefit and collected data through direct interview and questionnaire. Findings of this study showed the weaknesses and strengths of both methods for valuing urban green space and provided factors influencing the probability of user’s willingness to pay in each method.
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SMITH, V. KERRY. "Taking Stock of Progress with Travel Cost Recreation Demand Methods: Theory and Implementation." Marine Resource Economics 6, no. 4 (January 1989): 279–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/mre.6.4.42628824.
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Merciu, Florentina-Cristina, Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor, and George-Laurenţiu Merciu. "Economic Valuation of Cultural Heritage Using the Travel Cost Method: The Historical Centre of the Municipality of Bucharest as a Case Study." Heritage 4, no. 3 (September 12, 2021): 2356–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030133.
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Because heritage buildings represent a special category of goods due to characteristics such as uniqueness and irreversibility, they are associated with multiple possibilities of use. This article aims to present a complex analysis of the values associated with using heritage buildings in the historical center of Bucharest and their correlation with corresponding conservation measures using the travel cost method. The authors used two computation methods: the zonal travel cost and the individual travel cost methods. The application of Bravais–Pearson’s coefficient of linear correlation confirmed that the demand for a cultural heritage site is inversely related to the travel costs and distance. The results reflect that the demand also depends on other factors, such as the satisfaction level of the tourist experience and tourists’ income and motivations. The study highlights the usefulness of the travel cost method, which facilitates analyzing the relationship between the significant value of using historical monuments and the extremely important conservation process in the current context, marked by socioeconomic dynamics that determine many reuses of cultural heritage.
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Roden, David B. "Forecasting Travel Time." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1518, no. 1 (January 1996): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196151800102.
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If travel time and speed are to be used as critical performance measures in congestion management systems and air quality analysis procedures, existing modeling techniques will need to be enhanced. Many of the simplifying assumptions that are built into traditional modeling techniques are described. Several relatively simple enhancements to existing models that can greatly improve the model's ability to estimate travel time and speeds are identified, and more advanced methods that could be considered as part of major model redevelopment efforts or detailed air quality studies are suggested. One of these methods involves simulation techniques. The problems and issues of integrating simulation models with travel demand forecasting techniques are outlined, and it is concluded that modeling speed is considerably more difficult than modeling volumes. The bottom-line criterion for any model enhancement is that the procedure supports decision makers in a timely and cost-effective way. This criterion is likely to limit the types of enhancements that are possible.
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Hu, Beibei, Yue Sun, Huijun Sun, and Xianlei Dong. "A Contrastive Study on Travel Costs of Car-Sharing and Taxis Based on GPS Trajectory Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 9446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249446.
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The emergence and development of car-sharing has not only satisfied people’s diverse travel needs, but also brought new solutions for improving urban traffic conditions and achieving low-carbon and green sustainable development. In recent years, car-sharing has had competition with other ways of getting around, as the acceptance of car-sharing has grown, notably taxis. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore car-sharing travel costs advantages from the perspective of consumers and discover the competitive and complementary spaces between car-sharing and other modes. Therefore, taking Beijing as an example, this paper uses GPS trajectory data based on car-sharing orders to design a travel cost framework of car-sharing and taxis. We calculate and compare the travel cost difference between these two modes under different travel characteristics. The results indicate that car-sharing is a more economical way for consumers to travel for short or medium lengths of time, while people are more inclined to take taxis for distances of long duration. Compared with on workdays, at the weekend, the cost advantage of car-sharing is greater for long-distance trips. Moreover, the cost advantage of car-sharing increases gradually with the increase in travel distance. In addition, the travel costs of car-sharing and taxis are also affected by peak and off-peak traffic periods. Compared with off-peak periods, it is more cost-effective for travelers to take taxis during peak traffic periods for various travel distances. From the perspective of the travel cost, it is of great theoretical significance to discuss the substitution (market competition) and complementary relationship (market cooperation) between car-sharing and taxis in a detailed and systematic way. It provides methods and ideas for the comparative cost calculation of car-sharing and other travel modes. This paper also provides enlightenment and guidance for the development of car-sharing. Enterprises should implement differentiated pricing, designing different charging methods for different traffic periods, travel miles, and rental times, and set up additional stations in the surrounding areas of the city. Relevant government departments should also strictly manage the market access of car-sharing, and add or open car-sharing parking lots in centralized areas and for specific periods.
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Wang, Chunxia, Jun Bi, Qiuyue Sai, and Zun Yuan. "Analysis and Prediction of Carsharing Demand Based on Data Mining Methods." Algorithms 14, no. 6 (June 5, 2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14060179.
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With the development of the sharing economy, carsharing is a major achievement in the current mode of transportation in sharing economies. Carsharing can effectively alleviate traffic congestion and reduce the travel cost of residents. However, due to the randomness of users’ travel demand, carsharing operators are faced with problems, such as imbalance in vehicle demand at stations. Therefore, scientific prediction of users’ travel demand is important to ensure the efficient operation of carsharing. The main purpose of this study is to use gradient boosting decision tree to predict the travel demand of station-based carsharing users. The case study is conducted in Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China. To improve the accuracy, gradient boosting decision tree is designed to predict the demands of users at different stations at various times based on the actual operating data of carsharing. The prediction results are compared with results of the autoregressive integrated moving average. The conclusion shows that gradient boosting decision tree has higher prediction accuracy. This study can provide a reference value for user demand prediction in practical application.
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Blakemore, Frederick, and Allan Williams. "British Tourists' Valuation of a Turkish Beach Using Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Methods." Journal of Coastal Research 246 (November 2008): 1469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/06-0813.1.
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TATANO, Hirokazu, Kiyoshi KOBAYASHI, and Jyun'ichi BABA. "Valuation of Recreation Benefits by Travel Cost Methods with Reference to Stay Length Distribution." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 625 (1999): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1999.625_113.
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Çay, Rukiye Duygu, and Tülay Cengiz Taşlı. "Determination of Recreation and Tourism Use Value of Bozcaada by Travel Cost Analysis Methods." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 30, no. 1 (October 5, 2020): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/120387.
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Eberle, W. David, and F. Gregory Hayden. "Critique of Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Methods for Valuing Natural Resources and Ecosystems." Journal of Economic Issues 25, no. 3 (September 1991): 649–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1991.11505196.
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Jala and L. Nandagiri. "Evaluation of Economic Value of Pilikula Lake Using Travel Cost and Contingent Valuation Methods." Aquatic Procedia 4 (2015): 1315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.171.
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Mou, Zhen Hua, Mei Ling Li, and Dong Xu Cui. "Study of Intercity Travel Based on GIS Spatial Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1480.
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It take 4010 samples which have intercity travel between Guangzhou and Foshan under the background of urban integration as studying object and acquire travel information from internet investigation. It cross analyze the intercity travel characteristics which contain travel purpose, mode, frequency and cost and the travelers social attributes which include the career, age and revenue through the methods of Social Statistics and GIS spatial analysis. It also studies the changing of Guang-Fo intercity travel and the distributing characteristics of travel origins.
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Shah, Suken, Joseph Erinjeri, Qiu Xia Guan, Christian Otto, and Stephen Barnett Solomon. "Telemedicine visits reduce time to biopsy, travel time and costs for interventional radiology patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.2082.
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2082 Background: Telemedicine has been utilized to increase access to care for patients in primary care practices and more recently, specialty practices. The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that adding a telemedicine clinic practice could decrease the time to biopsy, travel time and cost for interventional radiology (IR) clinic patients. Methods: Telemedicine visits were performed by a physician or advanced practice provider (PA or NP) at a single institution, academic medical center to patients at 3 MSK regional locations in NY and NJ. Total patient encounters and data from November 2017 to October 2019 were analyzed. Primary outcome measures were wait time from the IR referral to biopsy procedure visits, patient travel time and travel cost, stratified by in-person vs telemedicine visit. Round-trip travel distance and costs for patients were calculated by determining the offset travel. Cost (economic) benefit was the sum of: Federal cost per mile for travel, toll and parking costs, and doctor visit lost wages. Results: There were 172 MSK Regional site telemedicine visits. There was a significant reduction in time from referral to biopsy for telemedicine visits compared to in-person visits (12 vs 17 days, p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was a significant reduction in travel time for telemedicine visits vs travel time to Manhattan for an in-person visit (p < 0.0001). Telemedicine visit patients had to travel 367 less hours than an in-person visit and saved a total of 11,222 in miles that they did not have to travel. Telemedicine patients accrued $14,652 in economic benefits due to reduced travel costs and lost wages from work. Conclusions: Telemedicine significantly reduced the time to biopsy, travel time and cost for Interventional Radiology patients compared to in-person visits. Telemedicine for IR patients increases access to care for patients and allow for more efficient use of physician time and resources.
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Yellapragada, Sarvari Venkata, Jesus Hermosillo-Rodriguez, Yvonne Sada, Annette Walder, Kathy Sam, Alka Mulchandani, Teresa G. Hayes, and Davila A. Jessica. "The Impact Of The Establishment Of a Hematology Telemedicine Consult Service In a Referral Center On Patients’ Travel Distance, Travel Cost and Satisfaction Scores." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 5601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.5601.5601.
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Abstract Introduction Travel cost and travel distance can decrease access to care. Telemedicine services can reduce patient travel distance and cost in subspecialty consult services. The impact of telemedicine services on travel distance and travel cost in hematology consult services has not been widely studied. We analyzed the impact of a hematology telemedicine consult service in the Michael E. Debakey VA Medical center (MEDVAMC) in Houston, Texas. The MEDVAMC provides subspecialty consult services for Community-based Outpatient Clinics (CBOC). Our hypothesis in this study was that the establishment of a hematology telemedicine clinic would reduce travel distance for the patient and travel pay made by the MEDVAMC for this specialty with high level of satisfaction among veterans. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of veterans enrolled in the hematology telemedicine clinic at the MEDVAMC from September, 2011 to June, 2013. Any veteran referred to or established in the hematology clinic was eligible to be enrolled in the telemedicine service if they lived closer to a CBOC than to the MEDVAMC. The telemedicine encounter included meeting with a hematologist, a social worker and/or nutritionist. Patients went to their assigned community clinic to connect with the hematology telemedicine service. Data on demographics and diagnosis (benign or malignant hematology condition) were collected. Outcome variables included travel distance, estimated travel cost and patient satisfaction scores with the telemedicine service. Cost of travel was defined as the estimated amount that the MEDVAMC reimburses eligible patients for their travel costs. Results The hematology telemedicine clinic enrolled 255 veterans during the study period. Among these patients, 195 (76%) had benign hematology conditions and 60 (24%) had malignant hematology conditions. 237 (93%) of patients were male, and 156 (61%) lived in a rural area. The mean travel distance saved was 64 miles (SD 11.5). This translated into an estimated average of 21 dollars of travel pay saved per patient. Out of all telemedicine encounters, there was a 42% survey return rate. In 94% of these surveys veterans reported they were satisfied with the visit and that they would recommend the hematology telemedicine program. Conclusion The establishment of a telemedicine consult service in a referral center decreased travel distance for patients and travel pay cost. Most patients that answered the feedback surveys reported they were satisfied and that they would recommend the program. Other studies looking at cost-effectiveness, and patient and disease-related outcomes will help understand further the impact and benefits of such a program. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Bergmo, T. S. "An economic analysis of teleconsultation in otorhinolaryngology." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 3, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1357633971931156.
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A cost comparison of three different methods of providing consultations for ear, nose and throat ENT problems was carried out. The study was based on the delivery of ENT examination and treatment to a small primary-care centre without an ENT specialist in northern Norway. The three alternatives evaluated were teleconsultation, a visiting specialist and patient travel to the nearest secondary-care centre. Patient travel was cheaper for patient workloads below 56 per year. For patient workloads above 56 and below 325 patients per year teleconsultation was the cheapest alternative. Above 325 patients per year, the visiting specialist service cost less than either teleconsultation or patient travel. Transfer of medical skills from the specialist to the general practitioner was also accounted for, separately from the main cost calculation. Teleconsultation then became cost-effective for patient workloads above 52 patients per year.
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FoEh, John E. H. J. "METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH IN ESTIMATING THE DEMAND FOR RECREATIONAL SITES." Journal of Business Economics 23, no. 1 (2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/eb.2018.v23i1.1809.
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Basically, there are two main problems faced in the recreation location especially in outdoor. One side, the rate of visiting some tourism objects is still low until now. It raises the assumption that recreation location doesn’t create any opportunity in the regional and domestic economy. On the other hand, undervalue of recreation services, based on the willingness to pay caused a very low attractiveness of investment in tourism objects. To solve these problems, one should be able to predict the number of recreation location demand, so that good planning and development could be implemented in this estimated area. One of the very common methods to calculate this demand is to use travel cost methods. Many independent variables could be implemented in a multiple linear regression model, depends on the objective of the research. Somehow, valid data is necessary for the application of statistical and quantitative analysis. Experiences showed a significant result of analysis using these travel cost methods. Keywords: Demand for recreation, Economy, Recreational site demand, Travel cost method
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Frutos, P., F. Martínez Peña, P. Ortega Martínez, and S. Esteban. "Estimating the social benefits of recreational harvesting of edible wild mushrooms using travel cost methods." Forest Systems 18, no. 3 (December 1, 2009): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2009183-01065.
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Djebbari, Faouzi, Maciej Tatarczuch, Fotios Panitsas, Grant Vallance, Manuela Sultanova, Jaimal Kothari, Karthik Ramasamy, and Andy Peniket. "Resource implications of bortezomib therapy in a large UK cohort: An evaluation study." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 25, no. 8 (August 7, 2019): 1995–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155219866500.
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Background Bortezomib is a cornerstone in the management of multiple myeloma. It remains an attractive treatment option because it is efficacious, reasonably well tolerated and easy to administer. However, data on resource implications in the UK for both patients and healthcare providers are limited. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 127 patients to assess implications of bortezomib therapy on patients and healthcare resources. A patient-episode was defined as a patient attending the chemotherapy day treatment unit solely for bortezomib administration. Data were collected for the duration of therapy as follows: cost of drug calculated using the UK’s bortezomib indicative price as per British National Formulary, cost of drug administration in the chemotherapy day treatment unit calculated using the National Health Service’s schedule of service cost, time from check-in to drug administration, patient travel time and distance calculated using Google maps, and cost of travel. Results Median drug cost and administration cost per patient were £8336 (£2084–£108,368) and £4640 (£290–£15,080), respectively. Median time from check-in to administration was 63 min (range 5–433), median travel time was 90 min (range 8–270) and 80 min (range 8–280) during peak and off-peak periods, respectively. Median return travel distance was 33.4 miles (range 1.2–224) for travel cost per patient per trip was £8.35–£13.20. Conclusions Our real-world resource analysis demonstrated that delivering bortezomib therapy can be associated with significant cost and time implications for patients and healthcare providers. Our study method sets a basis for evaluating resource implications of other novel approaches to myeloma therapy.
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Pagliara, Francesca, Veronica De Pompeis, and Preston John. "Travel Cost: Not Always the Most Important Element of Social Exclusion." Open Transportation Journal 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2017): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801711010110.
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Introduction: Very few authors in the literature have dealt with the issue of social exclusion related to HSR systems. Methods: A Revealed Preference survey has been delivered to English users of transport systems for long distances journeys in order to investigate their perception of HSR-related social exclusion. Results: The main result of the survey is that a relationship between social exclusion and HSR in England is evident, especially in terms of economic and geographical exclusion.
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Guo, Tangyi, Jie Yang, Liu He, and Kun Tang. "Emerging Technologies and Methods in Shared Mobility Systems Layout Optimization of Campus Bike-Sharing Parking Spots." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (November 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8894119.
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The rapid development of bike sharing has posed some challenges to the traffic management on campus. The bike sharing on campus has problems such as messy parking, and some buildings in the peak hours have no bikes to borrow. Thus, alternative parking spots are proposed based on the layout principle of parking spots for bicycles. An optimization model of the layout of campus bike-sharing parking spots with travel time and construction cost as the optimization goal is established, and the branch and bound algorithm is used to solve the model. Finally, the study analysis is carried out by optimizing the layout of the bike-sharing parking spot of Nanjing University of Science and Technology. The results show that, after optimizing the layout of parking spots, the average travel time of users is reduced by 6.0%, and the total construction cost is reduced by 27.3%. While being convenient for campus bike-sharing users, it also provides scientific decision-making support for the campus traffic management.
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E., Zarbalizade. "METHODS OF MEASURING CONSUMER SENSITIVITY TO PERSONAL AND PUBLIC TRANSPORT COSTS DURING SUBURBAN TRAVEL." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, no. 41 (March 31, 2021): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2021-41-6.
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Modern megacities are becoming inconvenient not only for the lives of citizens, but also become uncomfortable for visiting suburban residents and guests. For harmful substances that get into the air, three quarters consist of emissions from road transport. The infrastruc-ture of megacities is subject to cars, and people in the car-centered city are subjected to various oppressions, their natural rights suffer. Because of this, changes in the transport behavior of suburban residents who use private cars to travel to the city (they make up the bulk of the flow of cars) are an urgent need. Since the cost of a suburban trip by private car can be significant (especially when applying the economic impact on destructive transport behavior), and the number of costs will be a significant part of the family budget, in the context of managing transport behavior there is a search question: would you prefer public transport?” The article is devoted to the creation of methodological bases for finding the answer to it. This creation will take place as a justification for the choice of methods for measuring a person's sensitivity to the cost of travel and their adaptation to the specifics of suburban transportation. Thus, the work aims to develop methods for finding grounds to increase the cost of suburban travel by private car, which forces its owner to change its transport behavior in favor of public transport in the implementation of suburban services. To achieve the goal set in the article, it is necessary to investigate the existing procedures of organization and methods of measuring price sensitivity and adapt them to suburban travel by private car and public transport. Determining a person's attitude to the price is a non-trivial marketing task, so solving it requires the introduction of the necessary concepts, explanation of introductory theses and consideration of factors that motivate the driver from the suburbs to switch to public transport or continue to use a private car. The practical implementation of such initiatives can take place by increasing the direct costs of drivers of private cars, as the most effective measure to manage their transport behavior. The work implies such an increase in the cost of suburban travel.Keywords: consumer value, methods of measuring sensitivity, suburban passenger traffic, private transport, transport behavior, transportation cost. Сучасні міста-мегаполіси перетворюються на незручні не лише для життя городян, а й стають некомфортними для відвідування мешканцями передмість та гостями. Інфраструктура мегаполісів підпорядковується автомобілям, а людина в автомобі-лецентрованому місті зазнає різноманітних утисків. Через це зміни транспортної поведінки мешканців передмість, які викорис-товують для поїздок у місто приватні автомобілі, є нагальною необхідністю. Вартість приміської поїздки приватним автомобілем може виявитися значною, а сума витрат становитиме вагому частку бюджету родини. Статтю присвячено створенню методичних основ пошуку відповіді на питання, за якого зростання вартості приміської поїздки приватним автомобілем людина надасть перевагу транспорту загального користування. Таке створення відбуватиметься як обґрунтування вибору методів вимірювання чутливості людини до вартості поїздки та їх адаптації до специфіки приміських перевезень.Kлючові слова: споживча цінність, методи вимірювання чутливості, приміські пасажирські перевезення, приватний транспорт, транспортна поведінка, вартість перевезень.
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Maldonado, Jose Alberto, Minsoo Kim, Prasamsa Pandey, Sarah Todd, Kaitlin Marie Christopherson, Matthew S. Ning, David R. Grosshans, et al. "Use of a rapid access multidisciplinary bone metastases clinic to decrease financial toxicity for patients undergoing single-fraction palliative radiation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 29_suppl (October 10, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.29_suppl.24.
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24 Background: A rapid access bone metastases clinic (RABC) was instituted at MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) to allow outpatient consult, simulation and radiation treatment (RT) initiation in < 6 hours for patients with painful bone metastases. Patients underwent multidisciplinary evaluation with orthopedics and radiation oncology. One aspect of financial toxicity is distress due to out-of-pocket (OOP) cost associated with a treatment. We hypothesized the RABC would decrease financial toxicity for MDACC patients over traditional RT. Methods: RABC patients surveyed between April 2018 and January 2020 were included. Patients were asked to estimate OOP cost for RT (including travel and treatment cost) and perceived cost burden of treatment. Travel distance was hometown distance to MDACC. Subset analyses were performed for patients receiving single fraction (1fx) and 2-5 fractions (2-5fx). Estimated OOP cost (1fx: RABCN= 34, nonRABCN= 20; 2-5fx: RABCN= 4, nonRABCN= 22), perceived cost burden (1fx: RABCN= 32, nonRABCN= 27; 2-5fx: RABCN= 7, nonRABCN= 38) and travel distance (1fx: RABCN= 34, nonRABCN= 28; 2-5fx: RABCN= 7, nonRABCN= 38) were compared using a Mann-Whitney U Test. Travel distance was also compared to OOP cost. Patients treated with 6+ fractions were excluded. Results: Median estimated OOP cost was significantly lower for 1fx RABC patients vs. 1fx non-RABC patients ($450 [IQR $187.5-$1,050] vs. $2,000 [$625-$4,000]; p = 0.008), but there was no significant difference for 2-5fx ($1,900 vs. $1,375; p = 0.593). Overall patient satisfaction with cost burden was high regardless of treatment setting (1fx: 10 [8-10]; 2-5fx: 10 [8-10]). Median travel distance was not significantly different between clinics (1fx: 245 [39.8-351.5] vs. 262.5 [83-879.3], p = 0.3651; 2-5fx: 274 [36-1293] vs. 176 [25-626], p = 0.2721). Travel distance was directly correlated with out of pocket cost for single fraction (1fx: R2= 0.125, p = 0.0109; 2-5fx: R2= 0.037, p = 0.3433). Conclusions: The establishment of a RABC at MDACC significantly decreased financial toxicity for 1fx patients receiving palliative RT, but not in the 2-5fx cohort. Increased financial toxicity was associated with longer travel distance for 1fx palliative radiation. Implementation of a similar model in local community centers may decrease financial toxicity for patients receiving palliative radiation.
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Sheng, Kai, Zhen Li, Zhi Chao Song, and Hong Duan. "Artificial Society-Oriented Large-Scale Road Path Querying Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 2269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.2269.
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In artificial society simulation, each artificial population needs road path planning in the process of travel. However, because of the large amounts of populations in artificial society, road path planning will cost lots computational resources and time, thus this process has terrible efficiency to the performance of the simulation system. In order to solve this problem, this article firstly makes use of CPU to generate the artificial populations, travel logs, and construct the road network models; then computes the shortest road path between each two environments and load the results in RAM for prepare; lastly, sends the ID and its start point and destination of the population who need road path querying to GPU at current simulation time in the simulation process, and then takes advantages of GPU to query the road path and return the results back. In this way, we can obviously reduce the time costs in the process of road path querying and enormously improve the performance of the whole simulation system.
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Schrank, David L., and Timothy J. Lomax. "Estimating the Effect of Operational Improvements in the Houston Area." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1564, no. 1 (January 1996): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156400104.
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Measuring the effects of transportation system improvements has long been a challenge. Two estimates—the congestion index method and the travel delay method—are used to produce a range of possible benefits resulting from the implementation of transportation projects and programs. The congestion index method uses the roadway congestion index (RCI), and its relationship with congestion cost per capita, to estimate the benefit derived from operational improvements. The RCI provides an areawide assessment of congestion based on freeway and principal arterial street system daily vehicle kilometers of travel per lane kilometer data. The travel delay method calculates congestion cost by associating the value of time, cost of fuel, and cost of operating commercial vehicles with travel delay estimates. These two methods are used to estimate the effects of three types of transportation system improvement projects/programs—freeway traffic management system, high-occupancy vehicle lanes, and regional computerized traffic signal system— implemented on the freeway and principal arterial street system in Houston, Texas. Although only three operational projects/programs are discussed, it is possible to effectively evaluate the implementation of many other improvements using this methodology.
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Benz, Robert J., and Michael A. Ogden. "Development and Benefits of Computer-Aided Travel Time Data Collection." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1551, no. 1 (January 1996): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155100101.
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Link travel times are one of the most widely used and valuable measurements of congestion. Travel time measures are compatible with multimodal analyses and are understood by nontechnical audiences, yet are rigorous enough for technical analyses by transportation engineers and planners. The “average” car and floating car techniques are the most widely used travel time–based measures. Although there are cost, safety, and data limitation problems associated with collecting travel time data manually, the use of computer-aided travel time technology solves most of these problems. Detailed speed, time, and distance information can be safely collected in up to 0.1-sec intervals for a reasonable cost. The consistent format of the computer data lends itself to an automated analysis process. The development and benefits of using computer-aided travel time data collection techniques using distance-measuring instruments (DMI) and laptop computers are discussed. Automated analysis techniques and developmental software can produce results such as speed profiles, average speeds, level of service, and vehicle accelerations. Current and future research on air quality methods, fuel consumption information, and planning model potential is also presented.
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Yilmaz, Siobhan K., Brady P. Horn, Chris Fore, and Caroline A. Bonham. "An economic cost analysis of an expanding, multi-state behavioural telehealth intervention." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 25, no. 6 (May 12, 2018): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x18774181.
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Introduction In this paper the economic costs associated with a growing, multi-state telepsychiatry intervention serving rural American Indian/Alaska Native populations were compared to costs of travelling to provide/receive in-person treatment. Methods Telepsychiatry costs were calculated using administrative, information-technology, equipment and technology components, and were compared to travel cost models. Both a patient travel and a psychiatrist travel model were estimated utilising ArcGIS software and unit costs gathered from literature and government sources. Cost structure and sensitivity analysis was also calculated by varying modeling parameters and assumptions. Results and Discussion It is estimated that per-session costs were $93.90, $183.34, and $268.23 for telemedicine, provider-travel, and patient-travel, respectively. Restricting the analysis to satellite locations with a larger number of visits reduced telemedicine per-patient encounter costs (50 or more visits: $83.52; 100 or more visits: $80.41; and 150 or more visits: $76.25). The estimated cost efficiencies of telemedicine were more evident for highly rural communities. Finally, we found that a multi-state centre was cheaper than each state operating independently. Conclusions Consistent with previous research, this study provides additional evidence of the economic efficiency associated with telemedicine interventions for rural American Indian/Alaska Native populations. Our results suggest that there are economies of scale in providing behavioural telemedicine and that bigger, multi-state telemedicine centres have lower overall costs compared to smaller, state-level centres. Additionally, results suggest that telemedicine structures with a higher number of per-satellite patient encounters have lower costs, and telemedicine centres delivering care to highly rural populations produce greater economic benefits.
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Thomas Walker, W., Scott H. Brady, and Charles Taylor. "Updating Existing Travel Simulation Models with Small-Sample Survey Data Using Parameter Scaling Methods." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1607, no. 1 (January 1997): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1607-08.
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The travel simulation models for many metropolitan areas were originally developed and calibrated with older large-sample travel surveys that can no longer be undertaken given today’s funding constraints. Small-sample travel surveys have been collected as part of model update activities required by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act and the Clean Air Act Amendments. Although providing useful information, these surveys are inadequate for calibrating elaborate simulation models by traditional techniques. Parameter transfer scaling based on small-sample surveys and other secondary source data can be a cost-effective alternative to large-sample surveys when existing models are being updated, particularly when the models tend to be robust and the required changes are relatively small. The use of parameter scaling methods to update the Delaware Valley Planning Commission’s existing travel simulation models is demonstrated. All available sources of data are incorporated into the update process including current survey data, census work trips from the Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP), transit ridership checks, highway screenline counts, and Highway Performance Monitoring System travel estimates. A synopsis of experience with parameter scaling techniques including the model changes and resulting accuracy is provided. Overall, small-sample-based parameter scaling techniques were judged to be effective. The census CTPP data were evaluated versus the home interview and were found to be useful in the model recalibration effort as a source of small-area employment data by place of work and as a supplement to home interview data for model validation. However, a home interview survey is required as the primary source of travel data for both work and nonwork trips.
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Alberini, Anna, and Alberto Longo. "Combining the travel cost and contingent behavior methods to value cultural heritage sites: Evidence from Armenia." Journal of Cultural Economics 30, no. 4 (November 22, 2006): 287–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10824-006-9020-9.
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Schreffler, Eric N., Theresa Costa, and Carl B. Moyer. "Evaluating Travel and Air Quality Cost-Effectiveness of Transportation Demand Management Projects." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1520, no. 1 (January 1996): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152000102.
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Many transportation planners and those implementing transportation demand management (TDM) programs have been frustrated by the lack of quantitative information on what types of TDM strategies work best and where. This underscores the need for sound evaluation of TDM programs and demonstration projects. However, many evaluations to date have used a variety of methods and assumptions when quantifying the travel and air quality impacts of TDM projects. A study funded under the AB 2766 vehicle registration fee program in southern California resulted in the development of a standardized methodology and then applied the method to 15 TDM demonstration projects. The method differed from most of the self-evaluations in that it discounted vehicle trip reduction to account for those who switched from one high-occupancy vehicle mode to another and for those who accessed the new commute alternative by driving alone to a pickup point; factored out the emission of shuttle and transit vehicles used in providing new service; and used standardized emission factors to determine reductions in reactive organic gases, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and fine particulate matter. Results of the application of the method to various TDM projects reveal a range of impacts and point to the inaccuracies of self-reported results, particularly in the area of total emission reductions. More standardization of TDM evaluation methods is called for so that a large data base of consistent and reliable information can be assembled across agencies with the goal of generalizing the effectiveness and transferability of various TDM strategies and programs.
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Hou, Jing-Ming, Xiao-Juan Li, Ye Yuan, Zhi-Yuan Ren, Lian-Da Zhao, Zong-Chen Wang, and Jun-Cheng Wang. "Scenario-Based Tsunami Evacuation Analysis: A Case Study of Haimen Town, Taizhou, China." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 11, no. 03 (August 14, 2017): 1750008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431117500087.
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In current tsunami prevention and mitigation, evacuation is the most important method of saving people’s lives. Tsunami evacuation is analyzed for a given travel time and a specific inundation area. Before evacuation analysis, the tsunami inundation and tsunami travel time are first calculated by numerical modeling. This paper analyzes the tsunami evacuation of Haimen Town, Jiaojiang District, Taizhou City, China, under the hypothesis of a magnitude 9.0 earthquake scenario in the Ryukyu Trench. The Cornell multi-grid coupled tsunami (COMCOT) model and Tsunami Travel Time (TTT) model are used to calculate the tsunami inundation and tsunami travel time, respectively. GIS techniques are used to solve the evacuation problem. Both horizontal and vertical evacuations are adopted based on the Chinese community characteristics, disaster prevention facilities, land use, and other practical conditions. A cost raster is used to analyze the arrival cost of each grid in the study area. The location allocation and cost allocation methods are used to solve shelter selection and coverage problems, respectively. The network analyst is applied to provide evacuation routes for each community. The evacuation analysis results can provide a scientific reference for the development of tsunami evacuation plans.
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Alam, Khalid Mehmood, Xuemei Li, and Saranjam Baig. "Impact of Transport Cost and Travel Time on Trade under China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (February 25, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7178507.
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China is the second biggest economy in the world and almost 40% of its trade in 2016 is transported through the South China Sea. China needs a small, secure, and low-cost path to trade with Europe and the Middle East and China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a feasible solution to this requirement. This research analyzes the effect of CPEC on trade in terms of transport cost and travel time. In addition, the study compares the existing routes and the new CPEC route. The research methodology consists of qualitative and descriptive statistical methods. The variables (transport cost and travel time) are calculated and compared for both the existing route and new CPEC route. The results show that transport cost for 40-foot container between Kashgar and destination ports in the Middle East is decreased by about $1450 dollars and for destination ports in Europe is decreased by $1350 dollars. Additionally, travel time is decreased by 21 to 24 days for destination ports in the Middle East and 21 days for destination ports in Europe. The distance from Kashgar to destination ports in the Middle East and Europe is decreased by 11,000 to 13,000 km.
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Isshiki, Takahiro, Yuko Kimura, Naoko Takei, Noboru Hagino, and Tsunehiko Komatsu. "Estimation of travel time and costs required for patients with cancer to receive outpatient treatment using electronic medical record data." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2013): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.270.
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270 Background: Cancer creates a tremendous financial burden. Cancer-related costs are categorized into direct, indirect and psychosocial costs. Although there have been many reports on medical care costs, which are direct, those on other costs are extremely scarce. We estimated travel time and costs required for cancer patients to receive outpatient treatment. Methods: We studied 524 cancer patients given anti-cancer treatment between February 2009 and December 2012 at the Outpatient Chemotherapy Center of Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center. Address data were extracted from Data Warehouse electronic medical records, and travel distance and time required for outpatient treatment were calculated via MapInfo and ACT Distance Calculator Package. Transportation costs were estimated on the basis of ¥274 (= $3.00) per kilometer. Results: Average round-trip travel distances, times, and costs by cancer type are shown below. Average round-trip travel distance, time, and cost for all patients were 26.7 km, 72.5 minutes, and ¥7,303 ($79.99), respectively. Conclusions: Cancer patients incurred a travel cost of approximately ¥4,000 to ¥9,000 ($40.00 to $100.00) for each outpatient treatment. With population aging, seniors living alone and senior households are increasing, and outpatient visits are becoming a common burden. [Table: see text]
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Mohammed, El Bekkay, Moukrim Abedellatif, and Benchakroun Faiccedil al. "An economic assessment of the Ramsar site of Massa (Morocco) with travel cost and contingent valuation methods." African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2013): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajest2013.1485.
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Jabarin, Amer S., and Said A. Damhoureyeh . "Estimating the Recreational Benefits of Dibeen National Park in Jordan Using Contingent Valuation and Travel Cost Methods." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9, no. 12 (June 1, 2006): 2198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2006.2198.2206.
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Mahfudin, Mahfudin. "EFEKTIVITAS KEBIJAKAN STANDAR BIAYA PERJALANAN DINAS DALAM MENUNJANG KINERJA KEMENTERIAN NEGARA/LEMBAGA." Jurnal Anggaran dan Keuangan Negara Indonesia (AKURASI) 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33827/akurasi2018.vol2.iss2.art39.
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This study aims to examine the effect of cost standard policy on official travel which is reflected in official travel expenditures on the achievement of Ministry/Institution program performance. The study was carried out in the 2016 where the budget for the cost of official travel was be reducted, with a quantitative analysis method, namely correlation analysis and CHAID methods. The results showed that official travel expenditure had a significant relationship and influence on the achievement of Ministry/Institution program performance in 2016, including the achievement of output of program.
Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti pengaruh kebijakan standar biaya perjalanan dinas yang dicerminkan dengan belanja perjalanan dinas terhadap pencapaian kinerja program Kementerian/Lembaga. Kajian dilakukan pada tahun anggaran 2016 dimana pada tahun tersebut telah dilakukan penghematan anggaran biaya perjalanan dinas, dengan metode analisis kuantitatif yaitu menggunakan analisis korelasi dan analisis CHAID. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa belanja perjalanan dinasmemiliki hubungan dan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pencapaian kinerja program K/L pada tahun 2016, termasuk pencapaian output program.
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Flake, Leah, Michelle Lee, Kevin Hathaway, and Elizabeth Greene. "Use of Smartphone Panels for Viable and Cost-Effective GPS Data Collection for Small and Medium Planning Agencies." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2643, no. 1 (January 2017): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2643-17.
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Historically, small and medium-sized metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) have been at a disadvantage when investing in new technologies to aid in the collection of household travel data, primarily because of funding limitations. One such new technology is GPS data collection via smartphone, which provides benefits in data quality compared with traditional methods. While state and large metropolitan planning agencies have begun fielding household travel studies primarily using GPS data collection, smaller MPOs may be reluctant to incur the associated costs. However, improvements in mobile data collection, specifically use of personal smartphones, create opportunities for MPOs to benefit from GPS travel data collection without the expense of purchasing and deploying GPS devices. In 2016, Resource Systems Group conducted a household travel study on behalf of the North Carolina State University Institute for Transportation Research and Education, in which 4,194 households participated in a 1-day travel diary online or by phone. The household travel study was supplemented by a 351-household panel that completed a 3-day GPS study using a smartphone app in addition to the 1-day diary. In the smartphone panel, higher trip rates were found among young adults and high-income households compared with those collected in the online diary, demonstrating the advantages of passively collected trip data and near-real-time recall offered by the smartphone approach. This paper outlines the methodology of the smartphone panel effort, compares trip rates between the online diary and the smartphone panel, and briefly discusses the application of these results toward weighting the overall trip data set.
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Zdenkowski, Nicholas, James F. Lynam, Laura Wall, Scott Brown, Kathryn Wells, and Victoria Sproule. "Breast cancer patients' willingness to travel to participate in a clinical trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e14031-e14031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e14031.
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e14031 Background: The option of clinical trial participation is an important component of high quality care for oncology patients. Despite a recognised need for generalizable research results to guide future practice, and the desire of current oncology patients to participate in trials, only 2-5% of oncology patients in developed nations enroll in a clinical trial. We aimed to determine the willingness of patients to travel, change location and/or clinician to participate in a clinical trial. Methods: Members of a national breast cancer consumer organization were invited by email to respond to an online cross-sectional survey. Questions included demographics, remoteness of residence, prior involvement in clinical trials and location of usual care. This was followed by a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) comprising an introduction and 10 hypothetical scenarios to test the effect of variation in travel time, clinician, treating centre, travel cost and type of trial. Results: Between July and August 2016, 288 responses were received, mean age 58. 86% had early stage disease, 51% were currently receiving treatment, 21% had prior clinical trial involvement. Ninety percent were willing to participate in a clinical trial in at least one scenario. Factors that decreased the likelihood of interest in clinical trial participation were increasing travel time, change in oncologist and out of pocket expenses. Type of trial (randomised placebo controlled; randomised open label; single arm) did not influence the decision. If the oncologist remained the same and there were no costs, respondents were willing to travel a mean extra 127 minutes, however if the oncologist changed and there were additional costs, they were willing to travel a mean of 30 minutes. If the oncologist changed and there was no cost, they were willing to travel a mean of 82 minutes. Conclusions: This group of respondents with a past history of breast cancer expressed interest in clinical trial participation, however willingness to travel in the most likely scenario (change oncologist and pay no additional cost) was 82 minutes. To facilitate optimal access to clinical trials, clinicians should consider referral within and between institutions.
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Banke-Thomas, Aduragbemi, Kerry L. M. Wong, Francis Ifeanyi Ayomoh, Rokibat Olabisi Giwa-Ayedun, and Lenka Benova. "“In cities, it’s not far, but it takes long”: comparing estimated and replicated travel times to reach life-saving obstetric care in Lagos, Nigeria." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 1 (January 2021): e004318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004318.
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BackgroundTravel time to comprehensive emergency obstetric care (CEmOC) facilities in low-resource settings is commonly estimated using modelling approaches. Our objective was to derive and compare estimates of travel time to reach CEmOC in an African megacity using models and web-based platforms against actual replication of travel.MethodsWe extracted data from patient files of all 732 pregnant women who presented in emergency in the four publicly owned tertiary CEmOC facilities in Lagos, Nigeria, between August 2018 and August 2019. For a systematically selected subsample of 385, we estimated travel time from their homes to the facility using the cost-friction surface approach, Open Source Routing Machine (OSRM) and Google Maps, and compared them to travel time by two independent drivers replicating women’s journeys. We estimated the percentage of women who reached the facilities within 60 and 120 min.ResultsThe median travel time for 385 women from the cost-friction surface approach, OSRM and Google Maps was 5, 11 and 40 min, respectively. The median actual drive time was 50–52 min. The mean errors were >45 min for the cost-friction surface approach and OSRM, and 14 min for Google Maps. The smallest differences between replicated and estimated travel times were seen for night-time journeys at weekends; largest errors were found for night-time journeys at weekdays and journeys above 120 min. Modelled estimates indicated that all participants were within 60 min of the destination CEmOC facility, yet journey replication showed that only 57% were, and 92% were within 120 min.ConclusionsExisting modelling methods underestimate actual travel time in low-resource megacities. Significant gaps in geographical access to life-saving health services like CEmOC must be urgently addressed, including in urban areas. Leveraging tools that generate ‘closer-to-reality’ estimates will be vital for service planning if universal health coverage targets are to be realised by 2030.
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Sitinjak, Tarita Aprilani, Ludfi Djakfar, and Achmad Wicaksono. "Study of Online Taxi Choice Model in Indonesia." Open Civil Engineering Journal 14, no. 1 (September 24, 2020): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502014010238.
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Background: Online taxis, a travel mode with personalized comfort based on mobile Internet technology, are now rapidly expanding in Indonesia. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the influence of the personal characteristics and travel characteristics on the choice of an online taxi or conventional taxi and to analyze the online taxi performance in the cities of Surabaya and Malang, Indonesia. Methods: A Stated Preference questionnaire was designed and a Google Forms survey was conducted to obtain data; 200 responses were collected. The binary logit model was employed to analyze the influence of the personal characteristics and travel characteristics on the choice modal. Importance-Performance Analysis was proposed to understand the performance of online taxis. Results: By applying the binary logit model, it was found that for variables based on a personal characteristic, age and occupation are the most influential variables that affect the decision to use an online-taxi, while for travel characteristic variables, travel cost is the most influential factor in traveler’s choice-making. According to the sensitivity analysis, the midpoint for travel cost was found to be Rp 9.606,20, and 13,43 minutes for pick up time. Through Importance-Performance Analysis, it was found that no attributes need to be improved. Conclusion: The estimated logit model can describe the personalized travel mode choice well. The users of an online taxi are people of young age and non-working group. If the gap price and the gap pick up time more than midpoint, the majority of travelers will most likely shift to conventional taxis. The online taxi performance has already met passenger satisfaction.
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Fearnley, David, Ngaire Kerse, and Garry Nixon. "The price of ‘free’. Quantifying the costs incurred by rural residents attending publically funded outpatient clinics in rural and base hospitals." Journal of Primary Health Care 8, no. 3 (2016): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc16014.
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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Rural living is associated with increased costs in many areas, including health care. However, there is very little local data to quantify these costs, and their unknown quantity means that costs are not always taken into account in health service planning and delivery. AIM The aim of this study was to calculate the average time and travel costs of attending rural and base hospital outpatient clinics for rural Central Otago residents. METHODS A survey of 51 people attending rural hospital outpatient clinics. Individual costs in terms of travel and time were quantified and an average cost of both rural and base hospital attendance was calculated. RESULTS The average travel and lost time cost of attending a rural outpatient clinic was NZ$182 and 61% of respondents reported this cost had a significant effect on their weekly budget. The average cost incurred by residents associated with a base hospital attendance in Dunedin was NZ$732. DISCUSSION This study data show that costs are substantial and probably higher than most people might expect for both rural and base hospital attendances. It seems likely that these costs are a potential barrier to service access. However, the full implications of the personal costs incurred by rural residents in accessing health services are largely unstudied and therefore remain unknown in New Zealand.
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Panjaitan, Theresia, Suradi Wijaya Saputra, and Siti Rudiyanti. "VALUASI EKONOMI OBJEK WISATA PANTAI WEDIOMBO KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL YOGYAKARTA DENGAN PENDEKATAN TRAVEL COST Economic Valuation of Tourism Destination of Wediombo Beach Gunungkidul Regency Yogyakarta with Travel Cost Approach." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 8, no. 3 (July 26, 2019): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v8i3.24257.
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ABSTRAKPantai Wediombo terletak di Desa Jepitu, Kecamatan Girisubo, Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Pantai Wediombo merupakan salah satu ekosistem perairan yang memiliki daya tarik untuk dapat dijadikan objek wisata. Manfaat yang diberikan oleh pantai Wediombo belum terukur secara ekonomi sehingga penting untuk dilakukan studi tentang besarnya nilai ekonomi kawasan wisata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui potensi dan nilai ekonomi Pantai Wediombso. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret 2019 di Pantai Wediombo. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui wawancara kepada 100 wisatawan dan 1 pengelola wisata menggunakan kuisioner dengan teknik sampling accidental sampling. Analisis valuasi ekonomi wisata menggunakan pendekatan Travel Cost Method. Potensi yang dimiliki oleh Pantai Wediombo mencakup keindahan dan kondisi daya tarik pantai termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik, sarana dan prasarana yang sudah memadai, pelayanan pengelola yang cukup baik serta potensi budaya masyarakat seperti Upacara Ngalangi. Nilai ekonomi Pantai Wediombo sebesar Rp.52.787.622.096,00/tahun dengan rata-rata biaya perjalanan individu sebesar Rp. 208.296,00/kunjungan. ABSTRACTWediombo Beach located in Jepitu Village, Girisubo District, Gunungkidul Regency. Wediombo Beach is one of the aquatic ecosystems which has attraction that can be a good tourist destination. The benefits from Wediombo Beach were not yet measure in economic terms and it is important to study the magnitude of the economic value of tourist areas. The purpose of this research is to find out the potential and economic value of the beach. The research held on March at Wediombo Beach. The study used descriptive methods. Data obtained through interviews with 100 tourists and 1 tourism manager using questionnaires with accidental sampling. Analysis of tourism economic valuation using Travel Cost Method approach. The potential of Wediombo Beach including the beauty and conditions of coastal appeal is in a very good category, adequate facilities and infrastructure, good management services and potential cultural communities such as the Ngalangi ceremony. The economic value of Wediombo Beach based on tourist travel cost is about Rp.52.787.622.096.00 / year and average individual travel cost about Rp.208.296 / visit.
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Pesti, Geza, and Robert E. Brydia. "Work Zone Impact Assessment Methods and Applications." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2617, no. 1 (January 2017): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2617-07.
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Two work zone impact assessment methods were developed and their applicability was illustrated with data from recent construction projects on the I-35 Central Texas corridor. The first method was developed for postevent analyses of the impacts of freeway construction activities, incidents, and special events. The impacts were evaluated in terms of travel times and delay. An interval estimate for maximum queue length was also provided. Travel times and speeds were obtained by Bluetooth address matching. The method has also been used for determining work zone mobility performance measures, verifying the suitability of queue warning systems, and providing feedback for future deployment decisions. Based on more than 3 years’ experience with the analysis of impacts of road construction and maintenance projects as well as some major incidents on the I-35 corridor, the Bluetooth-based postevent closure analysis tool has proved to be very cost-effective. The second method was developed for determining the best closure schedule and start time for planned work zone lane closures. The best closure start time is the one that is expected to create the shortest queue lengths and has the least negative impact on travelers. The required input includes historical traffic volumes at a point upstream of the planned lane closure and estimated work zone capacity. The work zone capacity can vary over the duration of the work zone. The method runs input–output analysis in a dual-loop framework to analyze the impact of all available closure schedule scenarios and selects the best closure start time with the shortest expected queues.
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Chen, Xiaoxuan, Xia Wan, Qing Li, Fan Ding, Charlie McCarthy, Yang Cheng, and Bin Ran. "Trip-Chain-Based Travel-Mode-Shares-Driven Framework using Cellular Signaling Data and Web-Based Mapping Service Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 3 (March 2019): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119834006.
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The signaling data of cellular phones, as a passively generated, real-time, wide-coverage, and low-cost data source, have been widely used in recent studies to understand human activity and model urban travel demand. However, in contrast with the Global Positioning System (GPS) data, cellular phone signaling data are sparsely distributed in time and space, which makes travel-mode inference a challenge. Recent studies presented methods of deriving users’ home and work locations, origin-destination trips, and other activities. Very few provided a complete and feasible framework for travel-mode derivation with effective validation methods. This paper provides a real-time travel-mode derivation framework using signaling data and a web-based mapping service. A trip-chain model is proposed to detect individual activity patterns and derive the trips of mobile phone users. Then, the travel mode of each trip is identified by a Fuzzy K-Means model, which is trained and validated by the point-to-point travel time from a web-based mapping service. Finally, the travel-mode shares are aggregated and scaled to the whole population of the study area. The framework is demonstrated using cellular signaling data from 1.9 million users in Shanghai, China for seven days, and citywide point-to-point travel times from a web-based mapping service for three of those seven days. Comparing the modeled travel-mode shares with travel survey data and transportation hub statistics demonstrates the plausibility and efficiency of using a large data source (mobile-trace data and web-based mapping) to accurately assess the travel modes of people in a big city using the proposed framework.
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Saptutyningsih, Endah, and Rini Selviana. "Valuing Ecotourism of a Recreational Site in Ciamis District of West Java, Indonesia." JEJAK 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2017): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v10i1.9134.
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Ecotourism, as an alternative tourism, involves visiting natural areas in order to learn, to study or to carry out activities environmentally friendly, that is a tourism based on the nature experience which enables the economic and social development of local communities. Ecotourism encourages rural economics and provides benefits to income and employment generation. It is considered as an alternative for enhancing rural lifestyle and for leading positive changes in the distribution of income. One of the area which has ecotourism site in Indonesia is Karangkamulyan site, Ciamis District of West Java. There is a tourist attraction that not only offers natural beauty, history and cool atmosphere, it also serves as a place of education and research on the history in the field of archeology. This attraction should receive special attention from the local government so that the tourists and local people also get the benefits. Ecotourism can be classified as possessing public goods-type characteristics, and as such, welfare benefit estimates must utilize non-market valuation techniques. This study employs the travel cost method and contingent valuation method. Travel cost and contingent valuation methods are applied to the problem of estimating the potential consumer surplus available to tourists from ecotourism in Ciamis. The results are compared with contingent valuation analysis of willingness-to-pay of tourists in their current trip to ecotourism sites of Ciamis. The result of travel cost method indicates that tourists average travel cost is estimated at no more than one hundred thousand rupiahs. The contingent valuation method concludes that the tourists average willingness to pay in their trip to ecotourism sites of Ciamis is are about IDR 6,800 in average.
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Bowker, J. M., Donald B. K. English, and Jason A. Donovan. "Toward a Value for Guided Rafting on Southern Rivers." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 28, no. 2 (December 1996): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800007410.
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AbstractThis study examines per trip consumer surplus associated with guided Whitewater rafting on two southern rivers. First, household recreation demand functions are estimated based on the individual travel cost model using truncated count data regression methods and alternative price specifications. Findings show mean per trip consumer surplus point estimates between $89 and $286, depending on modeling assumptions and river quality. Magnitudes of these surpluses are very dependent on assumptions about the opportunity cost of time.
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Peacock, DJ, PA Baumeister, A. Monaghan, JE Siever, and D. Wile. "P.013 Needs assessment of rural telemedicine care for Parkinson disease in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 46, s1 (June 2019): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2019.114.
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Background: People with Parkinson disease (PD) face progressive mobility loss, but medical treatment is dependent on clinical assessment and examination. Regional patient and physician density patterns pose further problems to accessing care. Telehealth may improve access particularly among rural populations, but an approach to this problem should consider patient perspectives. Methods: We surveyed and conducted a focus group for people with PD and their caregivers. Questions assessed perceptions of barriers to neurological care and use of telehealth for PD management. Thematic analysis was performed to classify qualitative data. Results: 18 individuals completed the survey and 7 parties joined the focus group. 52% of participants travel >50km for neurologist appointments (range = 59 to 842km). Perceived barriers include cost and difficulty of travel, wait times, lack of interdisciplinary healthcare and deep brain stimulation outside large cities. 80% of participants (95% C.I. 64-96%) would likely or very likely use telehealth for follow-up neurologist appointments if proven as good as in-office visits. Participants associated telehealth with improved quality of care, improved access to care, and cost savings. Conclusions: This sample of people with PD and their caregivers report willingness to access care via telehealth to reduce perceived cost and travel for specialty care.
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Ding, Ling, and Xu Yang. "The Response of Urban Travel Mode Choice to Parking Fees considering Travel Time Variability." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 29, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8969202.
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Increasing automobile use leads to higher costs for traveling associated with emissions, congestion, noise, and other impacts. One option to address this is to introduce high parking charges to reduce the demand for automobile use and encourage the travel mode switch to public transport. To estimate commuters’ mode choice behavior in response to high parking fees, commuters from Nanjing completed an individually customized discrete choice survey in which they chose between driving and taking the bus or metro when choices varied in terms of time and cost attributes. Multinomial logit models were used to estimate commuters’ responses to high parking charges. In the models, the variability of travel times is considered and analyzed in the stated mode choice models. The results suggest that increases in costs of driving will lead to a great reduction in driving demand. The travel time reliability ratio is 0.50 and the value of each minute late is almost 5.0 times more than the average travel time with the restriction of the maximum allowed delays. The methods used in this study could be adopted to estimate the effect of variable pricing strategies on mode choice responses for different trip purposes. The high value given to travel time variability has implications for transport policy in terms of decision making with respect to new pricing strategies. Moreover, the valuation of travel time savings taken into account in this study would be helpful to better understand the effect of high parking fees.
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Budi Setyawan, Titan, Achmad Fahrudin, and Handoko Adi Susanto. "Valuasi Ekonomi Wisata Memancing di Perairan Laut Sekitar Tanjung Kait, Tangerang, Banten: Pendekatan Contingent Valuation Method dan Travel Cost Method." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 4, no. 3 (October 31, 2020): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2020.4.3.172-185.
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Economic Valuation of Recreational Fishing Tourism in Tanjung Kait Coastal Water, Tangerang, Banten: Contingent Valuation Method and Travel Cost Method Approach
Tanjung Kait, located in the north coast of Tangerang, has undeveloped tourism potential of recreational fishing on a bamboo platform in the middle of the sea. The purpose of this research was to determine the economic value of recreational fishing tourism in Tanjung Kait and to identify the influencing factors of the tourism demand in Tanjung Kait. Methods used in this research were Travel Cost Method (TCM) and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Linear regression was used to determine influencing factors of tourism demand. Data were obtained by interviewing tourists as respondents, with the help of questionnaires. The result of TCM showed that factors that significantly contributed the number of visits were education and duration of visit. Potential economic value of tourism activity in Tanjung Kait based on TCM reached IDR 3,272,524,846 annually. The result of CVM showed that the factor that significantly affected willingness-to-pay was education. Potential economic value of tourism activity in Tanjung Kait based on CVM reached IDR 2,254,934,539 annually.