Relevant bibliographies by topics / Travel in France (18th century)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Travel in France (18th century)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Travel in France (18th century)"

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Rutkowska, Małgorzata. "Pleasure and Instruction: Generic Conventions in Emma Hart Willard’s Journal and Letters, from France and Great Britain." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 28/1 (September 20, 2019): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.28.1.04.

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The purpose of the present paper is to analyse epistolary and descriptive conventions in Journal and Letters, from France and Great Britain (1833) by Emma Willard. The article argues that Willard attempts to combine the standards of 18th-century travelogue with its emphasis on instruction with a new type of autobiographical travel narrative which puts the persona of a traveller in the foreground. In this respect, Willard’s Journal and Travels, for all its didacticism, testifies to an increasing value attached to subjective experience, which was to become one of the distinguishing features of nineteenth-century travel writing.
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Landry, Nicolas. "Les dangers de la navigation et de la pêche dans l'Atlantique Français au 18e siècle." Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 25, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.240.

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A central theme in the historiography of the Ancien Régime in Canada has always been the ocean crossing between France and New France. Despite the advancement of scientific knowledge during the 18th century, navigation remained a major challenge for those wishing to travel from France to its overseas colonies. Storms were a constant threat, as was piracy and, for much of the era, war. Marine disasters were frequent and took a heavy toll among the officers, crews and passengers. More comprehensive research on shipwrecks during the French Régime in Canada is needed. The present article seeks to further our knowledge of the circumstances prevailing aboard endangered ships, how local authorities responded to the disasters on their shores, especially care for survivors and salvage of cargoes, and how they reported these events and challenges to Versailles.
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Møller, Peter Ulf. "En kur mod bændelorm og gallomani: Intra-europæisk ‘occidentalisme’ i den russiske 1700-talsforfatter Denis Fonvizins komedie Brigaderen og hans rejsebreve fra Frankrig." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 37, no. 108 (August 22, 2009): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v37i108.21998.

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A Cure for Tapeworm and Gallomania: Intra-European ‘Ocidentalism’ in the Russian Comedy The Brigadier by Denis Fonvizin and in his Travel Letters from France:Is Europe destined to remain a unit without unity, because of its endlessly differentiated cultural patterns and its divided, centrifugal past? This question seems to emerge as the bottom line of Hans Magnus Enzensberger’s observations from seven European countries, in his famous Ach Europa from 1987. In the microstructure of the disunity, we find national stereotypes as an element of intra-European discourses. Roman Jakobson discussed the complex of intra-European reciprocal images from a structuralist point of view. He proposed a systematic study of »national characterology« as an element in the discourses and mentalities of the various European nations.Inspired by both of these works, the present article is a minor investigation into a major area within intra-European relations, namely the east-west divide. It discusses two works by the Russian 18th century writer Denis Fonvizin, his comedy The Brigadier and his travel letters from France. Both are anti-western classics in Russian literature, greatly appreciated by conservative nationalists in Fonvizin’s days, and later famously applauded by Dostoyevsky. However, for both works it turns out, somewhat paradoxically, that Fonvizin took inspiration from the arsenals of newly imported European ideas and literature. The travel letters offer several examples of stereotypical negative characterisations from Western travel writing about Russia now being used by Fonvizin to describe the French. Holberg’s comedy Jean de France was popular on the Russian stage, and Fonvizin transferred the frenchified fop to a Russian setting with great success. Both of his works became tools for a budding Russian »Occidentalism« of the intra-European kind.
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Keshiknevis Razavi, Sayyed Kamal, Abbas Ahmadvand, and Mina Moazzeni. "Alexandria, the Threshold of Egypt: A Comparative Study on Volney and Jabarti's Idea of Alexandria in the Late 18th Century." Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 12, no. 1 (June 12, 2022): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jitc.121.05.

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Alexandria is the second-largest city in Egypt; this city is the threshold of Egypt and the first place by the sea where travelers encounter and create an idea of Egypt in their minds. Many western travelers, such as Hartmann Schedel, André Thevet, Jacob Peeters, Charles Perry, Volney, Dumont, and others have visited Alexandria and wrote reports on the City past and present, through which their opinions of the city can be accessed. Without a doubt, looking at Alexandria from a traveler's point of opinion differs from the opinions of a person who has lived there and observed the city from the inside. The question is how each of these two perspectives encounters the city. What questions have each of them asked and what answers have they given? And do these questions and answers come from their social and cultural background? Can a comparison of these two opinions provide a picture of the city to help better understand its history? It seems that the questions and answers of these observers come from their social backgrounds. At the same time Volney (1757-1820) lived in France, Abdul Rahman bin Hassan al-Jabarti (1825-1753) lived in Egypt. In this study, using an asymmetric macro-comparison method, we have attempted to evaluate the information in Volney's travelogue and Jabarti's ''Ajāeb-al Asār'' based on their perspective of the inside (Jabarti) and outside (Volney) of Alexandria. In his introduction to the late 18th century Alexandria, Volney seems to be much attached to the ideas from the French society, At the same time, Jabarti did not pay much attention to the question of Alexandria's urbanization and focused more on those who went to the city and left it. He laid the focus on the political and military situation of the city. Keywords: Alexandria, Volney, Jabarti, Egyptology, Travelogue, Travel Theory
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Wolfart, H. Christoph. "Lahontan’s Bestseller." Historiographia Linguistica 16, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1989): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.16.1-2.02wol.

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Summary Among the early descriptions of the Algonquian languages of New France, the Petit Dictionaire (1703) of the baron de Lahontan stands out, despite its modest size, as the first vocabulary to appear in print. Thanks to the remarkable success of his Nouveaux Voyages, to which it forms an appendix, Lahontan’s Algonquin (Ojibwa) vocabulary became very widely known, serving as either model or source for many successors (including, it appears, the first printed vocabulary for Cree). On the evidence of a set of verb stems exhibiting a common non-initial morpheme (*-êl-), Lahontan’s analytical approach appears consistent in the segmentation of the inflexional prefixes, but the morpheme which defines this set is variously recorded with either l or r. The further variation between the French and English editions of 1703 sheds some light on the editorial process, and the general congruence between the occasional Algonquin word in his travel narratives and those in the Petit Dictionaire seems to corroborate Lahontan’s account of his efforts at language learning. The political establishment and his Jesuit detractors notwithstanding, Lahontan’s Algonquin vocabulary proved to be as influential in its domain as his narrative and philosophical writings were in the intellectual and literary world of the 18th century.
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Zhdanov, Sergey S. "German Borders and Germany as a Boundary: Images of the Liminal Space in the Russian Literature of the Late 18th – Early 20th Centuries." Imagologiya i komparativistika, no. 14 (2020): 186–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/24099554/14/9.

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The paper examines the spatial images of German borders in the Russian literature of the late 18th – early 20th centuries. These ‘liminal’ descriptions of Germany come in several variations. The first is the image of the boundary as a syncretic and transit locus between Russia and Germany, i.e. between Us and Them respectively. Their features are mixed there as in cases of Karamzin’s Livonia or Skalkovsky’s Kurland. Secondly, the booundary can be presented as a certain point, reaching which the narrator / hero finds themselves in a new space, for example, Travemünde during a sea voyage or Eydtkuhnen when traveling by rail. The description of this conventional point follows several traditions in the travel literature. One was set up by N.M. Karamzin’s Letters of a Russian Traveler ”, when the voyager is aware of his transition into Their space and experiences an emotional uplift. Over time, however, this “attack of topophilia” becomes the object of a travesty game and ridicule of the literary tradition, as, for example, in Myatlev’s poem “Sensations and Comments by Madame Kurdyukova Abroad, Dans L’etranger”. Topophilia, interest in the Other, can also be encouraged by the feeling of getting into a more free locus, which marks Germany in particular and Western Europe in general as spaces of freedom (in the travelogues by K.A. Skalkovsky, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin). Another variant of a Russian traveler’s reaction to crossing the German border is frustration, which is felt in Fonvisin’s letters abroad. Their author feels disenchantment With each new point on the journey, D.I. Fonvizin feel inauthentic German space as the embodiment of the European Other. This generates a third variant of the German liminal locus, when the entire Germany becomes a border, a transitory, boring, semiotically empty place on the way to real Europe, for example, France (texts by D.I. Fonvizin, F.M. Dostoevsky and others). Probably, it determines the perception of the German nation as an average nation without any strongly pronounced characteristics. In addition, the situation of crossing the border with Germany can also be trivialized as opposed to Karamzin’s tradition, as in A.T. Averchenko’s travelogue. Along with topophilia, frustration and indifference in texts about the borders of Germany in the second half of the 19th century describe the motif of topophobia, fear of the Other in its version of the new German Empire, generating images of a latent or obvious threat, aggression, for example, in the texts by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, N.A. Leikin. Finally, early travelogues of this period emphasise the internal borders between German lands, while by the early 20th century the images of the internal German borders fade and become trivial.
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Wilson, Anthony. "17th- and Early 18th-Century France." Musical Times 136, no. 1826 (April 1995): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1004174.

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Satapathy, Amrita. "The Politics of Travel: The Travel Memoirs of Mirza Sheikh I’tesamuddin and Sake Dean Mahomed." Studies in English Language Teaching 8, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): p66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v8n1p66.

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Representation of the East in 18th century western travel narratives was an outcome of a European aesthetic sensibility that thrived on imperial jingoism. The 18th century Indian travel writings proved that East could not be discredited as “exotic” and “orientalist” or its history be judged as a “discourse of curiosity”. The West had its share of mystery that had to be unravelled for the curious visitor from the East. Dean Mahomed’s The Travels of Dean Mahomed is a fascinating travelogue cum autobiography of an Indian immigrant as an insider and outsider in India, Ireland and England. I’tesamuddin’s The Wonders of Vilayet is a travel-memoir that addresses the politics of representation. These 18th century travelographies demystify “vilayet” in more ways than one. They analyse the West from a variety of tropes from gender, to religion and racism to otherness and identity. This paper attempts a comparative analyses of the two texts from the point of view of 18th century travel writing and representations through the idea of journey. It seeks to highlight the concept of “orientalism in reverse” and show how memoirs can be read as counterbalancing textual responses to counteract dominant western voices.
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Hilaire-Perez, Liliane. "Invention and the State in 18th-Century France." Technology and Culture 32, no. 4 (October 1991): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3106156.

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Simon, Jonathan. "Mineralogy and mineral collections in 18th-century France." Endeavour 26, no. 4 (December 2002): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-9327(02)01467-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Travel in France (18th century)"

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Rege, Adeline. "Les voyages en Europe de l’architecte Simon-Louis Du Ry : Suède, France, Hollande, Italie (1746-1777)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040173.

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De 1746 à 1756, l’architecte allemand d’origine huguenote Simon-Louis Du Ry voyagea en Suède, en Hollande, en France et en Italie pour apprendre son métier. Il retourna en Italie de 1776 à 1777. Lors de ses périples, Simon-Louis Du Ry a entretenu une intense correspondance avec sa famille. Il a tenu un journal de son second tour d’Italie. Ces manuscrits sont une source très précieuse pour l’histoire de la mobilité des artistes à l’époque Moderne. L’objet de cette thèse est d’analyser et d’éditer les récits de voyage de Simon-Louis Du Ry. Nous considérons le voyage comme une pratique individuelle obéissant à des contraintes sociales et matérielles, et comme un mode de perception du monde, des autres, du savoir et de soi-même. L’enjeu est de prendre en compte le voyageur en tant qu’individu, mais aussi l’environnement dans lequel il organise ses déplacements. Après avoir décrit ces périples (itinéraires, modes de transport et d’hébergement, activités du voyageur…), nous les comparons aux modèles de voyage en vogue à l’époque qu’étaient le Grand Tour, le voyage savant, et le voyage artistique. Nous nous attachons aussi à étudier la manière dont Simon-Louis Du Ry a relaté ses pérégrinations, ainsi que l’influence que ces voyages eurent non seulement sur la carrière de cet architecte, mais aussi sur son milieu d’origine, c’est-à-dire le landgraviat de Hesse-Cassel au siècle des Lumières. L’édition critique des récits de voyage de Du Ry que nous proposons est accompagnée d’un apparat critique constitué de notes et de trois index : toponymique, biographique et thématique
From 1746 to 1756, Simon-Louis du Ry, the German architect with Huguenot roots, traveled to Sweden, Holland, France, and Italy to learn a trade. He returned to Italy from 1776 to 1777. During his travels, Simon-Louis du Ry maintained an intense correspondence with his family. He kept a diary of his second trip to Italy and these manuscripts are a very valuable source for the history of the mobility of artists in the Modern era. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and edit Simon-Louis Du Ry’s travel writings. We consider travel an individual experience which is limited by material and social issues, and a way of understanding the world, others, knowledge and oneself. Our challenge is to take account of the traveler as a person, but also of the environment in which he organizes his travels. After describing these journeys (including routes, transport and accommodation, and traveler’s activities), we compare them with the travel patterns in vogue at that time: the Grand Tour, the scholar’s travel, and the artist’s travel. We aim to explore how Simon-Louis Du Ry has described his travels and the influence that his journeys have had, not only on his architectural career, but also on his cultural background, i.e. the landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel during the Enlightenment. The critical examination of Du Ry’s travel books that we offer is accompanied by a critical apparatus consisting of notes and of three indexes: geographical names, biographical names, and subjects
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Rege, Adeline. "Les voyages en Europe de l’architecte Simon-Louis Du Ry : Suède, France, Hollande, Italie (1746-1777)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040173.

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De 1746 à 1756, l’architecte allemand d’origine huguenote Simon-Louis Du Ry voyagea en Suède, en Hollande, en France et en Italie pour apprendre son métier. Il retourna en Italie de 1776 à 1777. Lors de ses périples, Simon-Louis Du Ry a entretenu une intense correspondance avec sa famille. Il a tenu un journal de son second tour d’Italie. Ces manuscrits sont une source très précieuse pour l’histoire de la mobilité des artistes à l’époque Moderne. L’objet de cette thèse est d’analyser et d’éditer les récits de voyage de Simon-Louis Du Ry. Nous considérons le voyage comme une pratique individuelle obéissant à des contraintes sociales et matérielles, et comme un mode de perception du monde, des autres, du savoir et de soi-même. L’enjeu est de prendre en compte le voyageur en tant qu’individu, mais aussi l’environnement dans lequel il organise ses déplacements. Après avoir décrit ces périples (itinéraires, modes de transport et d’hébergement, activités du voyageur…), nous les comparons aux modèles de voyage en vogue à l’époque qu’étaient le Grand Tour, le voyage savant, et le voyage artistique. Nous nous attachons aussi à étudier la manière dont Simon-Louis Du Ry a relaté ses pérégrinations, ainsi que l’influence que ces voyages eurent non seulement sur la carrière de cet architecte, mais aussi sur son milieu d’origine, c’est-à-dire le landgraviat de Hesse-Cassel au siècle des Lumières. L’édition critique des récits de voyage de Du Ry que nous proposons est accompagnée d’un apparat critique constitué de notes et de trois index : toponymique, biographique et thématique
From 1746 to 1756, Simon-Louis du Ry, the German architect with Huguenot roots, traveled to Sweden, Holland, France, and Italy to learn a trade. He returned to Italy from 1776 to 1777. During his travels, Simon-Louis du Ry maintained an intense correspondence with his family. He kept a diary of his second trip to Italy and these manuscripts are a very valuable source for the history of the mobility of artists in the Modern era. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse and edit Simon-Louis Du Ry’s travel writings. We consider travel an individual experience which is limited by material and social issues, and a way of understanding the world, others, knowledge and oneself. Our challenge is to take account of the traveler as a person, but also of the environment in which he organizes his travels. After describing these journeys (including routes, transport and accommodation, and traveler’s activities), we compare them with the travel patterns in vogue at that time: the Grand Tour, the scholar’s travel, and the artist’s travel. We aim to explore how Simon-Louis Du Ry has described his travels and the influence that his journeys have had, not only on his architectural career, but also on his cultural background, i.e. the landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel during the Enlightenment. The critical examination of Du Ry’s travel books that we offer is accompanied by a critical apparatus consisting of notes and of three indexes: geographical names, biographical names, and subjects
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McFarlane, Elizabeth Anne. "French travellers to Scotland, 1780-1830 : an analysis of some travel journals." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21711.

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This study examines the value of travellers’ written records of their trips with specific reference to the journals of five French travellers who visited Scotland between 1780 and 1830. The thesis argues that they contain material which demonstrates the merit of journals as historical documents. The themes chosen for scrutiny, life in the rural areas, agriculture, industry, transport and towns, are examined and assessed across the journals and against the social, economic and literary scene in France and Scotland. Through the evidence presented in the journals, the thesis explores aspects of the tourist experience of the Enlightenment and post -Enlightenment periods. The viewpoint of knowledgeable French Anglophiles and their receptiveness to Scottish influences, grants a perspective of the position of France in the economic, social and power structure of Europe and the New World vis-à-vis Scotland. The thesis adopts a narrow, focussed analysis of the journals which is compared and contrasted to a broad brush approach adopted in other studies.
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Macdonald, Simon James Stuart. "British communities in late eighteenth-century Paris." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609294.

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Nadeau, Martin. "Theatre et esprit public : le role du Theatre-Italien dans la culture politique parisienne a l'ere des revolutions (1770-1799)." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37795.

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Taking as a case study the Theatre-Italien, here considered both as a particular theatrical practice and as a specific stage in Paris---one of the most popular at the time---this dissertation asks what role this theatre played in the novel competition of discourses which characterized political culture in the era of Revolutions. All too often, historians have overestimated print culture as the main medium through which discourses were produced in the eighteenth century, and this despite the fact that theatre played a fundamental role in the public life of this period. Furthermore, when theatre is studied, historians emphasize too often the written form of the plays.
The dissertation's structure seeks to underline the specificity of the cultural practice represented by the theatre. The discrepancies between the meaning of a play written by a particular author and the same play as it is performed on stage are emphasized. Political messages emerge out of the language of the actors and actresses without any possibility to control them, so that the players become, in effect, co-authors of the play. Similarly, the variety of the nature of the audience and the way in which it becomes at once judge, co-author and co-actor make the public, neither intangible nor invisible, but simply gathered, a crucial feature of this cultural practice which allows us to argue that theatre was actually a very bad instrument of propaganda. Instead, theatre can be seen at the time to be a public scene of immediate political debate. The conflicting opinions expressed there turn theatre not into the minor of political reality intended by various regimes confronted to the diversity of the polity---what some people have called "a school for the people"---but rather as the mirror of the reality experienced by a large number of Parisians at the time. It is in this sense that we relate the theatrical practices studied with the concept of public spirit, expressing the people's understanding of the general interest, instead of that of public opinion, expressing the unified message imposed by a dominant political group.
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Baysted, Stephen John Xavier. "From 'Le cri de la nature' to 'Pygmalion' : a study of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's philosophy of music and aesthetic and reform of opera." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2742.

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The thesis sets Rousseau's philosophy of music and aesthetic of opera against the wider philosophical backcloth of eighteenth-centuryF rance and in contraposition to the more scopic music-theoredcabl ackdrop,o f which Rameau'sw ritings are takena s a paradigm. The first half of the thesis contends that the philosophy of music is fashioned upon a trinary model which mirrors the philosophy of nature and history. The first sector is an ideal, hypothetical state; the second (the 'fall) is the moment when the ideal state is ruptured, when societal and cultural institutions - and history - commence; the third, is the 'actual state', the culmination of the process of history. It is argued that relativism is at work between the second and third sectorsa nd Rousseaua ssignsa rigorous systemo f value to the processo f history and all points alongi t, the processi tself, taken as a whole, is seena s a degeneratives lide awayf rom nearperfection to imperfection. 7111sce condh alf of the thesis explores the ramifications of the trinary model and the effect the degenerativep rocessh as upon the voice, music and opera. The voice is consideredt he unique phenomenon that connects all sectors of the trinary structure: though objectified and endowed with an ontology, it is not immune to the degenerativep rocess. At the fall-state,t he voice begins to rupture and two entities - melody and language - gradually emerge. Over time, melody and speech are forced further apart until neither bears much resemblance to the other. With the invention of harmony, melody degeneratesh: armony begins to overshadowm elody, until in the eighteenthc entury- consummatedin the music and theoreticalp ostulationso f Rameau- melody is subjugated and subsumed entirely within the harmonic domain of musical production. The impact upon opera is more complex and the concluding chapters explore the radical and largely reform-driven aesthetico f opera. Roussea&sf inal dramaticw ork Py gmalion(1 762)i s considered not simply as an outcome of this aesthetic, but as an embodiment of the philosophy of music itself; the animateds tatuee nunciatesR ousseau'sv ision of the origin of human expression.
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Bouagada, Habib. "Orientalism in translation: The one thousand and one nights in 18th century France and 19th century England." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26857.

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The objective of this study is to show how translation contributes to the "Orientalist" project and to the past and present knowledge of the Orient as it has been shaped by different disciplines such as anthropology, history and literature. In order to demonstrate this, I have decided to compare the Arabic text Alf Leyla wa Leyla (The One Thousand and One Nights) with the French translation by Antoine Galland (1704-1706) and the English translation by Sir Richard Burton (1885). According to Edward Said, the Orientalist project or Orientalism is mainly a French and British cultural enterprise that has produced a wide-ranging wealth of knowledge about an Orient that has been represented as an undifferenciated entity with despotism, splendour, cruelty, or even sensuality being its main attributes. I have chosen these translations because they come from places with a long Orientalist tradition. In 18th century France, the age of the Belles infideles, Galland is a man of the Enlightenment who appears to be a precursor of Orientalism as embodied in Montesquieu's Lettres persanes and Votaire's zadig. A century later, Burton's The Arabian Nights, backed by a deep knowledge of Islam, is published. Burton is an official in the service of the British Empire---an empire that takes pride in having the highest number of Muslim subjects. The evolution of Alf Leyla wa Leyla and its translations is followed by an analysis of the shifts applied to the representations of Oriental elements found in it (social and religious practices). These shifts as well as the annotations that refer to Arabo-Islamic culture are related to Galland and Burton's intellectual development and to the socio-historical context of their respective translations.
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Robichaud, Marc. "Making hospitals "worthy of their purpose" : hospitals and the hospital reform movement in the généralité of Rouen (1774-1794)." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84543.

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The eighteenth century was a period ripe with challenges for hospitals in France. Denounced as ineffective, inefficient and even inhumane institutions, hospitals found themselves at the centre of a growing debate over the administration of health care and welfare. Although dismissing the hospital's traditional role as a refuge for the poor, the indigent and the sick, many reformers believed that this institution still could play a valuable social role. Thus, while contemporaries lashed out against the large, "abuse-ridden," hopitaux generaux and hotels-Dieu , small hospitals were seen in a more favourable light. For the growing number of contemporaries who argued that hospitalisation should be reserved exclusively for the sick, hospitals containing a small number of beds were promoted as better disposed and better equipped to meeting the health-care needs of the community. At the same time, contemporaries began calling for the decentralization of health care and welfare services. Instead of focusing these services in large regional poor-relief institutions, reformers argued that the poor and the sick would be better served by receiving assistance in their own community, either in small parish hospitals, or within their own home (secours a domicile).
This dissertation examines how hospitals and hospital services in the late eighteenth-century generalite of Rouen responded to this growing hospital reform movement. It shows that many of the policies adopted by the region's hospital administrators reflected the contents of the larger "national" debate on health care and welfare reform. More importantly, the military was behind many of the changes affecting hospital services in this region During the eighteenth century, military hospitals became a model to emulate towards making the "reformed" hospital a reality. However, imposing military-style health standards on the region's civilian hospitals proved to be a complicated process, one that often involved a great deal of negotiation and compromise.
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Boucher, François-Emmanuël. "L'Héritage du christianisme en France 1750-1848." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38465.

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From the Enlightenment to the Romantic period, many writers transformed Christianity into a religion of temporal salvation. Whether they manifest, in their writings, a will to destroy it (Voltaire, Helvetius, d'Holbach, etc.) or to surpass it (Leroux, Lamennais, Hugo, etc.), all refer to its dogmas as a paradigm of argumentation from which they suggest a new explanation of the world and, most important, they all propose a transformation of the society. The goal of my thesis is to offer a new analysis of this period that spreads from 1750 to 1848. In my hypothesis, I stipulate that before 1789, the philosophers of the Enlightenment never undertook a real "de-Christianisation" and that at the turn of the century, the writers did not return exactly to Christianity. Far from taking the position that the argumentation had transformed itself in a manner that radically differed during this historical period that preceded and followed the French Revolution, my goal is to show that a same will to ameliorate the human condition on earth was manifested in comparable ways throughout these different discourses. The thought of these authors is rather a testimony of a new "sacralisation" of which finality is now on a temporal level: sin is not necessary and, more importantly, it is possible to abolish it through social reformations. This desire of a better world is the most important message that Christianity passed on to the thinkers of this period. By viewing human existence in this way, modernity could be defined not as the end, but rather as the inheritance of Christianity or, to say it all, as its humanization.
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Allard, Julie 1977. ""Nous faisons chaque jour quelques pas vers le beau simple" : transformations de la mode française, 1770-1790." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79280.

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This thesis analyses the simplification of fashion in the French "beau monde" at the end of the eighteenth century. It reveals that the simplified fashion of the 1770s and 1780s was the result of a new feeling for nature. New perceptions of the body led physicians to plead for a new fashion, more respectful of the natural characters of the body. On the aesthetic level, natural simplicity was meant to be the only way to recover original truth and energy. Moreover, anglomania, by way of sustained exchanges with England, contributed to the development of a simpler and more egalitarian fashion. This new feeling for nature reflects profound changes in the French society at the end of the century. The idea of nature, defined according to the values and ideals of a rising bourgeoisie, conveyed a bourgeois spirit no longer restricted to a narrow social group.
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Books on the topic "Travel in France (18th century)"

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Stein, Robert Louis. The French sugar business in the eighteenth century. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.

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France and the Grand Tour. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

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Foundation, Voltaire, ed. History of ideas: Travel writing ; History of the book ; Englightenment and antiquity. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2005.

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Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. Grub Street abroad: Aspects of the French cosmopolitan press from the age of Louis XIV to the French Revolution. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.

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Print, power, and people in 17th-century France. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press, 1993.

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Martin, Henri-Jean. Print, power and people in 17th-century France. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press, 1993.

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Tobias Smollett in the enlightenment: Travels through France, Italy, and Scotland. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2011.

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Hollender, Bénédicte Decourt. Les attributions normatives du Sénat de Nice au XVIIIème siècle, 1700-1792. Montpellier: Mémoire de notre temps, 2008.

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Hollender, Bénédicte Decourt. Les attributions normatives du Sénat de Nice au XVIIIème siècle, 1700-1792. Montpellier: Mémoire de notre temps, 2008.

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Le statut juridique des biens et services culturels dans les accords commerciaux internationaux. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Travel in France (18th century)"

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Kupsch-Losereit, Sigrid. "Pseudotranslations in 18th century France." In Transfiction, 189–202. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.110.13kup.

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Graziani, Michela. "Il Portogallo nel XVIII secolo." In Studi e saggi, 13–129. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0128-5.04.

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The first section of the volume aims to describe the Portuguese society of the 18th century through European travel reports, iconographical representations of the city of Lisbon and the cultural ferment through some of the most important Portuguese literary figures of the 18th century.
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Sörlin, Sverker. "National and International Aspects of Cross-Boundary Science: Scientific Travel in the 18th Century." In Denationalizing Science, 43–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1221-7_2.

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Kolaković, Aleksandra. "Music and Cultural Diplomacy: Presentation of the “New Yugoslavia” in France After 1945." In The Tunes of Diplomatic Notes: Music and Diplomacy in Southeast Europe (18th–20th century), 167–83. Belgrade ; Ljubljana: Institute of Musicology SASA ; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/music_diplomacy.2020.ch11.

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Kolaković, Aleksandra. "Music and Cultural Diplomacy: Presentation of the “New Yugoslavia” in France After 1945." In The Tunes of Diplomatic Notes: Music and Diplomacy in Southeast Europe (18th–20th century), 167–83. Belgrade ; Ljubljana: Institute of Musicology SASA ; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/music_diplomacy.2020.ch11.

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Kopp, Matthias, Daniel Strauch, and Christian Wacker. "Application of Computers in Historical-Topographical Research: A Database for Travel Reports on Greece (18th and 19th Century)." In Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 325–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76307-6_43.

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Villain, Julien. "L’innovation de produit et les dynamiques de l’offre sur les marchés des étoffes de laine dans la France du XVIIIe siècle. Quelques aperçus quantitatifs et qualitatifs." In La moda come motore economico: innovazione di processo e prodotto, nuove strategie commerciali, comportamento dei consumatori / Fashion as an economic engine: process and product innovation, commercial strategies, consumer behavior, 147–70. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-565-3.10.

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The consumption of fabrics in 18th-Century Europe experienced a notable expansion - particularly in France, a major hub for the diffusion of clothing fashions across the continent. Driven by manufacturers and merchants, the supply of new product varieties has been highlighted in several French production areas. However, a general assessment of the scale and rates of product innovation in the market for fabrics has never been attempted. By varying the scales of analysis, from the statistics the French monarchy used to assess production in the various production areas to store inventories, we can try to estimate the secular movements of product innovation. Over the course of the 18th century, the market for medium or poor quality cloths appears to have been particularly dynamic: the proportion of new varieties at the end of the century approximated two-thirds of the stock. There was also a tendency to diversify the supply - which ended up making the "world of goods" difficult to read, many product innovations being present on the market only for a while.
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Dato, Moïra, and Pascale Gorguet-Ballesteros. "Lyonnais silks «ad uttimo gusto»: the trade in fashionable waistcoats between France and Italy in the second half of the 18th century." In La moda come motore economico: innovazione di processo e prodotto, nuove strategie commerciali, comportamento dei consumatori / Fashion as an economic engine: process and product innovation, commercial strategies, consumer behavior, 173–200. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-565-3.12.

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Throughout the 18th century, Lyonnais silk manufacturing was constantly creating, adapting and transforming products in response to the evolution of fashion, which was both a profitable tool and a turbulent stream to harness. The male waistcoat is an excellent example of the difficult exercise in which merchant manufacturers engaged in order to secure their markets. Although not originally a specialty of the French city, the waistcoat eventually became a key item in Lyonnais production, selling very successfully in France and abroad. In this article, we analyse trade with Italy in order to explore in detail how the Lyonnais adapted to changes in fashion and used them to their advantage in order to stimulate consumption while navigating the challenges of a foreign market.
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Plack, Noelle. "5. Collective Agricultural Practices and the French State: Aspects of the Rural Code in France from the 18th to the 20th Century." In Rural History in Europe, 95–110. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.rurhe-eb.4.00051.

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Kraft, Stephan. "Bildwechsel. Frühneuzeitliche Pocahontasillustrationen im deutsch-englischen Spannungsfeld." In Neues von der Insel, 441–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66949-5_20.

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ZusammenfassungA series of German illustrated editions from a series of early English travel reports about the colony of Virginia has been published contemporarily through the copper engraver family de Bry/Merian. More important than even London, Frankfurt established itself as the primary distribution center for those engravings that would become formative for the imagination of the North American indigenous peoples. This connection has also been vital for the accounts and narratives concerning the Algonkin chieftain’s daughter Pocahontas (about 1595–1617) and her early iconography. Literary texts based on the imagination of fictionally expanded engravings that were produced after original watercolor paintings were first published in Germany in the 18th century. These texts predate the Anglo-American narrative tradition around this figure. Without direct contact to North American indigenous peoples themselves, early incarnations of a double theme simultaneously incorporating both the “barbaric” and the “noble savage” were developed in Germany based on this imagery.
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Conference papers on the topic "Travel in France (18th century)"

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Marinković, Milica. "NASTANAK I RAZVOJ TURIZMA U FRANCUSKOJ." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.209m.

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The author gives an overview of the origin and development of tourism as a cultural and economic phenomenon. Tourism in France was created not only by internal factors, but also by external factors. English travelers from high society were pioneers of pleasure travel, and their favorite destination was precisely France. The first part of the paper concerns the very beginnings of tourism in the 18th century. The tourism of that time did not resemble today's neither in terms of numbers nor in terms of the main tourist attractions. The goal of tourist trips was either to use the beneficial effects of spa and sea waters or to spend the winter in a warmer climate. The second part of the paper deals with the further development of tourism in the 19th century. Thanks to the synergy of romantic ideals of nature and the development of the transport network, France is becoming an increasingly important tourist destination for travelers from both Europe and America. The final part of the paper gives a brief overview of the massification of tourism in France in the 20th century.
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Marinković, Milica. "NASTANAK I RAZVOJ TURIZMA U FRANCUSKOJ." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvixmajsko.209m.

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The author gives an overview of the origin and development of tourism as a cultural and economic phenomenon. Tourism in France was created not only by internal factors, but also by external factors. English travelers from high society were pioneers of pleasure travel, and their favorite destination was precisely France. The first part of the paper concerns the very beginnings of tourism in the 18th century. The tourism of that time did not resemble today's neither in terms of numbers nor in terms of the main tourist attractions. The goal of tourist trips was either to use the beneficial effects of spa and sea waters or to spend the winter in a warmer climate. The second part of the paper deals with the further development of tourism in the 19th century. Thanks to the synergy of romantic ideals of nature and the development of the transport network, France is becoming an increasingly important tourist destination for travelers from both Europe and America. The final part of the paper gives a brief overview of the massification of tourism in France in the 20th century.
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Vang, Duabchi, Jackelyn R. Anderson, Katherine Langfield, and Phillip D. Ihinger. "CHARACTERIZATION OF 18TH CENTURY FRENCH GLASS TRADE BEADS FROM FORT MACKINAC, MI AND FRANCE: CHEMISTRY AND INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY." In 54th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020nc-348308.

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Moreva, A. V., and A. V. Khasanova. "LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF THE TRAVEL NOTES OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY, TRANSLATION PROBLEMS AND MEANS OF HISTORICAL STYLIZATION." In NEMECKIJ JaZYK V TOMSKOM GOSUDARSTVENNOM UNIVERSITETE: 120 LET ISTORII USPEHA. Publishing House of Tomsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978590744247/7.

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The article analyses the authors’ translation experience concerning travel notes by Messerschmidt, the first German explorer of Siberia. The travel notes (Tobolsk – Tara – Tomsk, 1721) were for the first time translated into Russian. The authors proceed from language features of the text, many of which can be attributed to the period or the genre. Among translation problems, the authors emphasize complicated cases and unclear (obsolete) terms. In addition, an overlook of the used means of historical stylization is given. All observations are exemplified by numerous fragments of the original and the target text.
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Zammit, Sarah-Jane. "Notre-Dame as the Memory of Paris: Hugo, the Historical Novel and Conservation." In The 39th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. PLACE NAME: SAHANZ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a5050pxtvl.

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Controversies surrounding the restoration and representation of the narrative and memory of Notre-Dame de Paris are not new. The latest debates remind us that the building has been at the centre of conservation controversies since the nineteenth century. But why is Notre-Dame de Paris central to these debates? The answer appears to lie in its function as a mnemonic device for Paris and the French nation. This paper focuses on the four literary pieces published by Victor Hugo in the period between 1823 and 1832 – ‘Le Bande Noir’ (‘The Black Band’), ‘Note sur la Destruction des Monuments en France’ (‘Note on the Destruction of Monuments in France’), ‘Guerre aux Démolisseurs!’ (‘War on the Demolishers!’) and Notre-Dame de Paris (also known as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame). Through an analysis of these four texts, the paper will attempt to understand Hugo’s convictions about the role of buildings – especially Notre-Dame de Paris – in establishing the memory of the city and the nation, and how these in turn underpinned his arguments for conservation. Whilst these texts were all written in a period before the development of key contemporary concepts in the psychology and neuroscience of memory, this paper nevertheless uses the concepts of memory, imagination and Mental Time Travel to try to understand the kind of memory work that the Cathedral performs, and that Hugo suggests it performs in his writing. By examining how Hugo’s literature augmented and engaged the reader’s memory and imagination of the past, this paper will explain how Hugo romanticised the idea that the building was a witness to history. The paper ultimately argues that Hugo positioned Notre-Dame de Paris not only as the centrepiece in his own fiction, but as a beacon of memory for Paris and France, and as such the building came to represent Paris, and indeed the nation as a whole.
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Dedousis, Giorgos, Konstantinos Katsantonis, Anastasia Georgaki, and Areti Andreopoulou. "Designing Historically Informed Soundscapes for the Augmentation of Modern Travel-Guides: Challenges and Compromises." In ICAD 2021: The 26th International Conference on Auditory Display. icad.org: International Community for Auditory Display, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21785/icad2021.036.

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The design of immersive soundscape experiences, both for artistic and informative purposes, is an established field in Auditory Display. This paper describes the process of designing historically informed soundscapes to be incorporated in modern travel-guide applications. The work stems from the research project TRACCE (TRavelogue with Augmented Cultural & Contemporary Experience), which focuses on the design and development of a platform for augmented cultural routes. Using this platform, hikers can follow the journey of 18th and 19th century travelers, having access to the original travelogues, tracked routes, and a wide variety of modern information. User experience is augmented by means of visual and auditory reconstructions of the original surrounding environments in several identified points of interest in each path. Apart from the creative process and technical details, the paper discusses the design challenges, which mainly stem from a) the limited data available which would allow an accurate and convincing reconstruction of the acoustic environments, b) the need for diverse auditory displays which would grasp the users’ attention, and c) the difficulty in designing soundscapes which would be interesting, appropriate, and informative for a wide audience of various age groups, educational backgrounds, and sensory abilities.
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Sipos, Sorin, and Laura Ardelean. "Four women travelers to the Romanian principalities between the years 1710-1810." In Latinitate, Romanitate, Românitate. Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională, Ediția a 7-a. Moldova State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/lrr2023.01.

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Between 1710-1810, we identified travel reports from a total number of 171 travelers who visited or traversed the Romanian Principalities. Out of these reports, four of them are written by women, who turned out to be a more sensible and attentive observer. In this study, we highlight the way in which they’ve seen the Romanian world. The letters they sent home to family members or friends are important sources on the image of society and the towns of the Romanian Principalities in the 18th century. Coming from the West, accustomed to a certain standard of living, the fine ladies perceived as being a big difference between their world and the one encountered in the East.
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Crispino, Domenico. "The Hameau de la Reine at Versailles and the reproduction of vernacular architecture." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15154.

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The proposed paper analyses the system of small buildings that compose the Hameau de la Reine in the Petit Trianon gardens in the park of the royal palace of Versailles. The complex of architectural artefacts, built at the end of the 18th century, emulates the features of vernacular architecture typical of the villages of Normandy. The main interest lies in the analysis of the masonry which reproduces the signs of wear caused by the salty coastal climate of northern France using the trompe-l'oeil technique. The study of the architectural elements found in this part of the park of Versailles, using the tools of the restoration discipline, makes possible the highlighting of the specific qualities that confer recognizability on both the vernacular architecture and its reproductions. The design of this section of Queen Marie-Antoinette's Domaine identifies an ideological root in eighteenth-century Enlightenment thinking from which came the physiocratic theories expressed by Quesnay and the Marquis de Mirabeau. The contribution intends to underline, through the analysis of the method of imitation of vernacular architecture, the importance that this architectural typology assumes in the process of rediscovery and fruition of the territory. The analysis of the Hameau complex testifies how vernacular architecture, not yet codified according to this terminology, was already identified at the end of the 18th century as an example of high quality value that found its effective collocation within the boundaries of the royal park of Versailles. The characteristics of this architecture allow it to find an effective place even inside the perimeter of the royal park of Versailles. It is possible to identify the prodromes of the modern architectural sensibility that recognizes and codifies the values of vernacular architecture within the site studied by this paper proposal.
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Panova, Elizaveta. "Word-image interaction in the treatise “Voyage en Siberie”." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.14163p.

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“Voyage en Siberie” describes a journey through Russia carried out by Jean Chappe d'Auteroche to observe the passage of Venus across the Sun. Besides the description of this phenomenon the book contains the author’s travel notes and study of the Russian political, historical, geographic and military conditions in the middle of the 18th century. “Voyage en Siberie” was accompanied by the cycle of illustrations performed by Jean-Baptiste Le Prince. As these works were among the first examples of the costume images on the Russian subject, they became crucial in the career of the artist who is considered to be the creator of “Russerie” in French art. This paper discusses the nature of the text and illustrations developing according to the logic of ideas of the Enlightenment. The author intends to show that although Chappe d'Auteroche and Le Prince worked together on the book they had different visions of the problem.
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Panova, Elizaveta. "Word-image interaction in the treatise “Voyage en Siberie”." In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.14163p.

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“Voyage en Siberie” describes a journey through Russia carried out by Jean Chappe d'Auteroche to observe the passage of Venus across the Sun. Besides the description of this phenomenon the book contains the author’s travel notes and study of the Russian political, historical, geographic and military conditions in the middle of the 18th century. “Voyage en Siberie” was accompanied by the cycle of illustrations performed by Jean-Baptiste Le Prince. As these works were among the first examples of the costume images on the Russian subject, they became crucial in the career of the artist who is considered to be the creator of “Russerie” in French art. This paper discusses the nature of the text and illustrations developing according to the logic of ideas of the Enlightenment. The author intends to show that although Chappe d'Auteroche and Le Prince worked together on the book they had different visions of the problem.
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