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Journal articles on the topic 'Travel (Islamic law)'
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1
Rabb, Intisar A., and Sharon Tai. "Digital Islamic Law: Purpose and Prospects." International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743817000988.
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“Information wants to be free.” Although this sentiment dominates the current digital landscape, information about Islamic law and history often remains bound to its physical form and to the price of acquiring it. One should not have to travel to several countries or be associated with the handful of institutions with large collections in these fields to gain access to these sources (which can still be onerous once there). But this is precisely the case for those who aim to do serious, comparative, or otherwise broad-ranging work in Islamic law. For Islamic law, there is a persistent problem of access and ease of use.
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Gulam, Hyder. "Law For Space Travel: Analysis of Fiqh in Space." FITRAH: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 9, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/fitrah.v9i1.7655.
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The purpose of this research discussion paper is to understand the Islamic issues involved in Space Travel, which is a novel field. Hitherto, only limited research has been undertaken on how Muslim astronauts can maintain their Islam for a prolonged period away from the Earth. This paper will commence with an introduction to Islamic law (which includes the distinct term fiqh), before discussing the obligations of Muslims in space. Also discussed in this paper will be the Maqasid, or higher objectives, which provides an avenue for Muslim space travelers to maintain their Islam within the framework of the religion. The methodology used in this paper is based on research of existing literature, comments from previous Muslim astronauts as well as a review of Muslim law that pertains to travel. The finding of this paper sets out the application of Islamic Law for interstellar Space Travel and off-world colonisation. It discusses the relevant ibadah rulings (literally meaning religious rituals such as prayer, fasting, ablution, keeping halal, and death rites inter alia) and how these can be practically applied in the context of space travel. This paper also outlines the moral, legal and practical challenges faced by a Muslim undertaking Space Travel and discusses the relevant Islamic ‘knowledge’ that may assist in reconciling these issues. The term interstellar Space Travel and colonisation is used to refer to those activities that are performed away from the Earth, such as in the micro-gravity of space or on an off world colony i.e., Mars. This paper is unique from other published papers in the field as it contemplates off world habitation and not just a short-term sojourn into space. The research finding is that Islamic Law is able to adapt to the challenges of space by incorporating how early Muslims maintained their Islam while traveling long distances outside their home countries. This is an emerging area of study, so there is a dearth and scarcity of literature about Muslims in space written from a scholarly perspective. This paper intends to rectify this situation by providing a marker for other scholars and researchers to follow
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Mustapha, Ismail Adua. "MACHINE-READABLE TRAVEL DOCUMENTS IN AVIATION SECURITY AND INFORMATION PRIVACY: AN ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE." IIUM Law Journal 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v28i1.502.
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For the purpose of preventing civil aviation offences and maintaining security of civil aviation, passengers are required to give biometric information which must be stored in the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) approved Machine Readable Travel Documents (MTRDs) and that such information obtained should be adequately secured against skimming and eavesdropping. Since its inception, many countries including the Islamic countries have adopted the machine to process information of passengers coming in and going out of their states. Academic writers have written on the challenges of skimming and eavesdropping as they are related to information privacy versus aviation security in the conventional law but the Islamic law position has not been dealt with. The article therefore attempts to explore the Islamic law position on the use of Machine Readable Travel Documents (MRTDs) and the challenges being posed to aviation security. The paper is qualitative in nature and relies on primary and secondary sources of Islamic law to argue its position. The paper finds that Islamic law expressly preserves individual’s information privacy and that skimming and eavesdropping are allowed to promote public security and prevention of evil. Its further provides punishment for whoever transgresses against information privacy. It concludes that the adoption of MRTDs to obtain information about private affairs of passengers is in line with the principle of Islamic law.
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Novindri, Silvi. "Analisis Fikih terhadap Akad Dana Talangan Haji pada Bank Syariah." Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/muqtasid.v4i1.27-53.
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Financing bailout of Hajj is loans from Islamic banks to customers to cover theshortage of funds in order to gain seats (seat) at settlement BPIH Hajj (Pilgrimage Travel Expenses). This financing product uses the principle of Qardh Wal Ijarah. The purpose of this study was to determine the views of Islamic law to finance bailouts of pilgrimage and to know the views of Islamic law about the fee ujrah on contract bailouts of pilgrimage. This research is a field research. The design of this study used a qualitative approach to the non-statistical analysis. While the data analysis techniques used content analysis and interactive method which consists of data reduction, data collection, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this research note that the view of Islamic law against the bailouts of pilgrimage on Islamic bank containing multi-contract, where the contract is used qardh and Ijarah are allowed. While the view of Islamic law regarding fee ujrah decision on the bailout fund of pilgrimage is not appropriate with shariah because of the percentage of fee ujrah based on funds qardh
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Chaliddin. "KONSEP MAHRAM DALAM HUKUM ISLAM ANALISIS HADIS DALAM KITAM AL- MUWATA’ IMAM MALIK." Al-Qadha 6, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/qadha.v6i1.1290.
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Mahram in Islamic law is a necessity for women seeking traveler with reachingdistance masafah Qasar, though many occur polimik and debate on the issue, but the Islamic lawexists to balance the life of mankind in general especially those of Muslims. The problem in thispaper is How the concept of mahram according to Islamic law? How intent mahram in the bookof hadith al-Muwata 'Imam Malik? Mahram in Islamic law are those forbidden to marry awoman either nasab, musaharah or rida '(suckling). Mahram in the book of al-Muwata 'ImamMalik are the ones that have been mentioned in the Koran and Hadith dimena they can maintainand preserve women from the threat that the bus makes these women are not at ease, comfortableand peaceful so that if women who travel or other sebaginya unaccompanied by mahramnya thedevil and the devil upon him, the quality of the chains and Matan hadith of Abu Hurairah thathas takhrijed by Imam Malik is Sahih.
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Hofmeester, Karin. "Jewish Ethics and Women's Work in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Arab-Islamic World." International Review of Social History 56, S19 (August 26, 2011): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859011000423.
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SummaryIn this article, Moses Maimonides’interpretationof Jewish law on women and work – as reflected in hisMishneh Torah– is contrasted with the daily lives of Jewish working women as portrayed in the documents of the Cairo Geniza. Later rabbinic writings and European travel accounts are analysed to show how Jewish ethics of women and work were translated into social practice in the late medieval and early modern Arab-Islamic world, where Islamic law and the existence of separate worlds for men and women rather than the contrast between public and private spheres seem to have informed general ideas about women and work.
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Dabphet, Siripen. "Managing Islamic attributes through the satisfaction of Muslim tourists in a non-Muslim country." International Journal of Tourism Cities 7, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-06-2020-0124.
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Purpose Attributes of a destination do not only have a positive impact on a person’s selection of the travel destination but also influence the level of tourist satisfaction. In spite of this, the destination attributes related to Muslim tourism are yet to be explored. Moreover, each attribute impacts the satisfaction of tourists in different ways. This study aims to investigate the importance and performance of Islamic attributes in selection of travel destinations by Muslim tourists and to examine the overall tourist satisfaction (SAT) based on the Islamic attributes. Design/methodology/approach Thailand has been considered as the base for this study. A quantitative research method and convenience sampling technique was used for data collection. Factor analysis was used to determine the importance and performance of Islamic attributes on the choice of travel destinations. Composite delineated factors were applied as indicators in the regression analysis to evaluate the SAT. Findings The findings reveal five important Islamic attributes: Halal-friendly environment, Halal hotel (IMP2), Halal food (IMP3), Halal food preparation and washroom facilities. However, Muslim tourists were only satisfied with the performance of three Islamic attributes: hotel entertainment and facilities, Halal food and preparation and Halal-oriented recreation and quality services (PER3). This study also reveals that PER3 as well as IMP2 and IMP3 are significant factors for evaluating the tourists’ overall satisfaction. Originality/value The Halal tourism market has been growing rapidly. However, research on the satisfaction of Muslim tourists based on the importance and performance of Islamic attributes in non-Muslim countries is limited. Thus, the researcher draws upon the views of Muslim tourists to propose recommendations on the important Islamic attributes and those whose performances are effective. The findings suggest that the SAT is influenced by particular attributes. Additionally, this study fills the research gap on Halal tourism in Thailand and provides useful information regarding the satisfaction of tourists based on Islamic attributes for non-Muslim countries, to help them formulate effective strategies for developing Islamic tourism in their travel destinations.
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Hamid, Asrul. "Kerjasama (Syirkah) Penyedia Jasa Tiket Dengan Penyedia Jasa Transportasi di Panyabungan Dalam Analisis Hukum Islam." Islamic Circle 2, no. 1 (August 16, 2021): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56874/islamiccircle.v2i1.486.
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Cooperation (syirkah) between CV owners. A ticket service provider with the owner of a transportation service provider on travel transportation in Panyabungan, namely where CV. Maharani Travel with travel car owners divides profits of 70% and 30% for car owners. And CV. Mandiri Taxi divides the profit of 45% for the company and 25% for the car owner and 30% for the driver and if there is an accident or things that are detrimental then from both CVs. the travel stated that the bearer of the loss was the owner of the CV. the largest travel agent and the driver, while the owner of the travel car is not responsible. According to the view of Islamic law on the practice carried out by CV. Maharani Travel with travel car owners and CV. Mandiri Taxi and the owner of a travel car are not appropriate because it should be in a collaboration (syirkah) in addition to fulfilling the requirements and pillars, as well as responsibilities both in terms of profits and losses must be the responsibility of both parties in accordance with their respective capitals that they tasharruf.
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Harahsheh, Salem, Rafa Haddad, and Majd Alshorman. "Implications of marketing Jordan as a Halal tourism destination." Journal of Islamic Marketing 11, no. 1 (May 18, 2019): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-02-2018-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build a better understanding of the concept of Halal tourism as expressed by Muslim Jordanian tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law. The study also examines Jordan as a Halal tourism destination as perceived by those tourists. Implications of marketing Jordan as a Halal tourism destination are among the research questions. Design/methodology/approach The paper is empirical and quantitative in nature with a survey type. The sample of the study is Muslim Jordanians in the cities of Amman and Irbid. Respondents were chosen randomly in shopping malls, gardens and public places. A self-completion questionnaire was administered to collect the data for the research and 920 questionnaires were returned. The data were analysed using descriptive and reliability and explanatory factor analysis in addition to certain tests such as one sample t test and two samples chi-square tests. Findings Halal tourism in Jordan is established but needs more enhancements and promotion. Jordan was evaluated positively in 14 Halal services and was unsuccessful in ten others. The motives for Jordanian Muslim tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law, to travel to Halal destinations were destinations that offer Halal-friendly services; to know Islamic religious sites; and to learn about Islamic history. Jordanian tourists were knowledgeable of local and international Halal destinations (78.2 and 67%, respectively). More than half of the sample experienced Halal destinations in Jordan and only 26.4% abroad. From a marketing point of view, the results of this study reveal good awareness of potential Jordanian tourists towards Halal tourism and Halal services. The study revealed that Jordanian Muslim tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law showed significant positive motives to travel Halal tourism destinations. In addition, the study showed statistically significant knowledge and experiences in local Halal destinations, but not in foreign Halal destinations. Research limitations/implications The lack of research on Halal tourism in Jordan gives limited in-depth discussion. In addition, the study sample was chosen from two major cities in Jordan; therefore, further research is needed to include a representative sample of the whole country. Practical implications The paper includes marketing implications on Halal tourism in Jordan. The authors suggest marketing strategies should be launched to emphasise the importance of Halal tourism and marketing Jordan as Halal tourism destination. The recommendations of this study provide positive and negative results on Jordan as a Halal tourism destination. The negative evaluation of Jordan in terms of Halal services should be redressed by the Jordanian Government and the Jordanian private tourism and hospitality sectors to build a positive image of Jordan as a potential competitive Halal destination for Muslim tourists who want to comply with the Islamic law. Originality/value The paper is among the first of its kind, which empirically examined the motives of Jordanian Muslims who want to comply with the Islamic law to travel to Halal tourism destinations as well as evaluating Jordan as a Halal tourism destination. This study fills the gap in literature about Halal tourism in Jordan and presents Halal tourism as one of the alternative forms of tourism of high potential for Jordan to compete in this market segment.
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Rahmad, Marwa Aditya, and Mohammad Husni Syam. "Pertanggungjawaban negara terhadap penyanderan wartawan yang dilakukan oleh Islamic State Of Iraq adn Syria Ditinjau dari aspek Hukum Humaniter Internasional." Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies 3, no. 2 (August 1, 2023): 1008–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsls.v3i2.7289.
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The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is of concern to the international community because its existence poses a threat to world peace and security. The crackdown on journalists in the United States by a non-state group called ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) is a transnational movement fighting to establish the Caliphate. Attacks on journalists or medical workers are considered a violation of international law. The protection of journalists referred to in international humanitarian law is in the IV Geneva Convention of 1949. Based on these problems, this study aims to find out how the responsibility of the Islamic state of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) as a hostage perpetrator based on international humanitarian law and to find out whether the concept of state responsibility can apply to the Islamic state of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) as a non-state entity. So it was obtained that the actions carried out by ISIS against civilians include non-state conflicts because they involve the act of taking civilians hostage, especially domestic and foreign communitie. However, the Iraqi and Levant states can make efforts to prevent the occurrence of international armed conflict both in the form of conpensation of victims of abuse and also appeal to civilians who go to the scene to carry out "travel warnings”
Islamic State of Iraq dan Syria (ISIS) menjadi perhatian masyarakat internasional karena eksistensinya menimbulkan ancaman bagi perdamaian dan keamanan dunia. Tindakan terhadap wartawan terjadi di Negara Suriah yang dilakukan oleh suatu kelompok non-negara yang disebut ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) juga dikenal sebagai Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant/ISIL adalah suatu gerakan transnational yang berjuang menegakkan Khilafah. Serangan terhadap wartawan atau pekerja medis dianggap sebagai pelanggaran terhadap hukum internasiona. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui bagaimana tanggungjawab Islamic state of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) sebagai pelaku penyanderan berdasarkan hukum humaniter internasional dan Untuk mengetahui apakah konsep tanggungjawab negara dapat berlaku terhadap Islamic state Iraq and Syria (ISIS) selaku entitas non-negara. Maka diperoleh hasil bahwa tindakan yang dilakukan oleh ISIS terhadap warga sipil termasuk konflik bersenjta non negara karena menyangkut tindakan penyanderan warga sipil khususnya masyarakat domestik dan asing dan segala entitas yang bukan merupakan bagian dari pemerintahan negara. Dan negara tidak bisa dimintai pertanggungjawaban karena dasar dari ISIS tersebut bukan merupakan suatu entitas non-negara dan bukan suatu arahan atas nama negara. Akan tetapi negara Iraq dan Syam bisa melakukan upaya pencegahan atas terjadinya konflik bersenjata intersaional baik berupa konpensiasi terhadap korban atas penyaderaan dan juga melakukan himbauan kepada warga sipil yang ke temaptnya untuk melakukan “travel warning”.
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Hayati, Anisa Maya Umri, and Faruq Ahmad Futaqi. "Analisis Strategi Bersaing PT. Dewa Arystama Tour & Travel Dolopo Madiun di Tengah Persaingan Usaha Jasa Travel Online." Niqosiya: Journal of Economics and Business Research 4, no. 01 (June 28, 2024): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/niqosiya.v4i01.3065.
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The rapid development of technology has led to the emergence of online-based airplane ticket agents that hurt traditional ticket agents. Therefore, a competitive strategy is needed so that traditional ticket agents can compete with online ticket agents. This study aims to determine the competitive strategy of PT Dewa Arystama Tour & Travel amid competition for online travel services. This type of research is field research using a qualitative research approach. The data used in this study are primary data obtained through interviews and observations at PT Dewa Arystama Tour & Travel. Data collection techniques using interviews and observations. The analysis results in this study are the competitive strategies used by PT Dewa Arystama Tour & travel in the midst of the threat of online travel services: low cost, differentiation, and focus strategies. Implementing these competitive strategies is by Islamic law, including providing honest, trustworthy services and maintaining friendships with consumers. These strategies are implemented with the primary objective of helping and providing comfort for consumers in traveling. The impact of implementing this strategy is to satisfy consumers so that many return to PT Dewa Arystama.
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Sinaga, Asmawarna, Anjur Perkasa Alam, Fariz Arkan, and Sri Wahyuni Hasibuan. "Analisis Pembiayaan Dana Talangan Haji untuk Biaya Perjalan Ibadah Haji." El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam 1, no. 1 (September 12, 2020): 228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v1i1.519.
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Analysis of the amount of financing the hajj bailout for the cost of the pilgrimage (Case Study of Bank Sumut Syariah Sub-Branch Stabat).Asmawarna Sinaga and Anjur Perkasa Alam. Hajj financing is a loan from a sharia bank to customers to cover the shortage of funds to obtain a seat (seat) Hajj at the time of repayment BPIH (Hajj Travel Expenses). This financing product uses the Qardh Wal Ijarah principle. The purpose of this research is to know the view of Islamic law against financing of Hajj bailout fund and to know the view of Islamic law about ujrah fee on akad of bailout fund of Hajj. This research is field research. The definition of the Hajj bailout is a bailout fund from a bank to a special customer to cover kekurangandana to cover the lack of funds to obtain a portion number at the time to pay the cost of organizing the pilgrimage. The research design uses a qualitative approach with non-statistical analysis While the data analysis techniques use content analysis and interactive methods consisting of data reduction, data collection, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this study note that the akad bailout funds in Islamic banks contain multi-akad, where the contract used qardh and ijarah is allowed. While the view of Islamic law regarding the taking of ujrah fee on hajj bailout fund is not in accordance with sharia due to the percentage of ujrah fee based on qardh fund.
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Sinaga, Asmawarna, Anjur Perkasa Alam, Fariz Arkan, and Sri Wahyuni Hasibuan. "Analisis Pembiayaan Dana Talangan Haji untuk Biaya Perjalan Ibadah Haji." El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam 1, no. 2 (September 12, 2018): 228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v1i2.519.
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Analysis of the amount of financing the hajj bailout for the cost of the pilgrimage (Case Study of Bank Sumut Syariah Sub-Branch Stabat).Asmawarna Sinaga and Anjur Perkasa Alam. Hajj financing is a loan from a sharia bank to customers to cover the shortage of funds to obtain a seat (seat) Hajj at the time of repayment BPIH (Hajj Travel Expenses). This financing product uses the Qardh Wal Ijarah principle. The purpose of this research is to know the view of Islamic law against financing of Hajj bailout fund and to know the view of Islamic law about ujrah fee on akad of bailout fund of Hajj. This research is field research. The definition of the Hajj bailout is a bailout fund from a bank to a special customer to cover kekurangandana to cover the lack of funds to obtain a portion number at the time to pay the cost of organizing the pilgrimage. The research design uses a qualitative approach with non-statistical analysis While the data analysis techniques use content analysis and interactive methods consisting of data reduction, data collection, data presentation and conclusion. The results of this study note that the akad bailout funds in Islamic banks contain multi-akad, where the contract used qardh and ijarah is allowed. While the view of Islamic law regarding the taking of ujrah fee on hajj bailout fund is not in accordance with sharia due to the percentage of ujrah fee based on qardh fund.
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Baykal, Sahin. "Muslim Women Travelling Alone." Religions 14, no. 12 (November 23, 2023): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14121456.
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Whether women can travel alone has been debated for centuries in Islamic law. This article examines the Islamic legal principles concerning women travelling alone, whether it be for Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) or any journeys. Despite the explicit Quranic order about the duty of Hajj for all believers, depending upon the fulfilment of specific conditions, Sunni scholars have introduced additional criteria, particularly related to women, which have led to the establishment of gender-specific regulations. These interpretations are based on the ḥadīth of the Prophet rather than explicit verses from the Qur’an. The view that prevents women from travelling alone has gained dominance among Sunni scholars, and a maḥram (a male relative) becomes a requirement for a journey. However, Ibn Ḥazm of Cordoba (d. 1064) presents an opposing perspective that significantly differs from this consensus. Ibn Ḥazm believes that women can travel and participate in the Hajj without a maḥram, emphasising the importance of Hajj as a personal responsibility in terms of the religious obligation. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the ḥadīth concerning women’s travel alone, the varying opinions of Sunni scholars, and the distinctive position adopted by Ibn Ḥazm. The text explains that Ibn Ḥazm’s analysis mainly based on a preference for reasonable arguments and egalitarian principles, prioritising them over literal interpretations of the ḥadīths regarding the topic.
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López Hernández, Arissa. "Diferencias y similitudes entre turismo Halal y Muslim-friendly: un abanico de oportunidades." PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 20, no. 3 (2022): 729–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2022.20.050.
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Since its inception, Islam has encouraged its faithful to travel around the Earth and visit other places in the name of Allah. As a result of the lifestyle that marks this faith and its relationship with tourism, a great variety of terms have appeared such as Halal, Halal‑friendly, Islamic or Muslim‑friendly. They tend to be used indistinctly but it is vital to delimit each one of them, since, although similar, they do not really have the same meaning. The extent to which the basic needs or requirements of Muslim tourists are met, such as the availability of Halal food, Muslim‑friendly amenities in the accommodation and the existence of places for prayer at airports, will determine the degree to which a destination can be considered or aspire to be Muslim‑friendly and/or Ha‑ lal. In this sense, when there is full compliance with the Islamic law, it is said to be a halal tourist destination, whereas if prohibited elements can coexist, it is referred to as a Muslim‑friendly destination or tourism
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Qinnatul Khoiroh and Wawan Juandi. "Kerjasama antara Biro Jasa Travel dengan Rumah Makan Perspektif Maqashid As-Syari’ah." Istidlal: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Hukum Islam 4, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/istidlal.v4i2.264.
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In developing a business, a person cannot be separated from the help of others. So that other people become partners in running a business. As the case in Bintang Jaya Abadi Travel Service Agency in Banyuwangi and Ayu Lestari Restaurant in Situbondo. Both of them enter into a cooperation contract in order to promote their businesses. Bintang Jaya Abadi Travel Service Agency wants to progress with the increase in customers or enthusiasts. This is inseparable from the existence of good services and facilities. Likewise, Ayu Lestari Restaurant wants to move forward. The cooperation contract that they do is in writing. However, with other travel service agencies, restaurants also use written cooperation. The cooperation contracts they do are sale and purchase agreements and greetings (orders). The contract between them is in accordance with the shari'ah objective, namely safeguarding property (hifdz al-maal). One form of action that can keep property so that it is used for right actions is the enactment of transactions, meaning that the transactions they carry out are in accordance with the principles of Islamic law.
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Razali, Siti Salwani. "The Dominance Entry of the Principles of Ghārār in Electronic Contracts." Arab Law Quarterly 23, no. 2 (2009): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302509x415648.
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AbstractContracts feature in all areas of our daily lives. For example, without much thought, we become party to a variety of contracts when we travel by bus or rail, purchase goods, accept services, and carry out our duties in the workplace. Contracts are so prevalent that ordinary men or women in the street do not realize the legal complexities of the transactions into which they enter. The use of Internet as a medium of communication has widened the scope for contract formation. Sales and purchase activities are conducted online using contracts either drawn up through the Internet itself or outside cyberspace. Several areas of uncertainty will have a significant impact on electronic contracting under Islamic Shari'ah law. This is a fundamental issue, especially with regard to online contracts for which the contracting parties are not physically present. In fact, if certain fundamental issues regarding online contracts are not resolved, then the dominance entry of the principles of ghārār (uncertainty) will apply, making such contracts unfeasible under Islamic Shari'ah law. Therefore, this paper aims to review what is actually meant by ghārār and how it affects the enforceability of electronic contracts under Shari'ah law. It also suggests how ghārār can be reduced or even eliminated to achieve an acceptable degree of certainty, thus enabling the practice of online contracts, particularly according to the Shari'ah.
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Mughni, M. Saefudin. "Korelasi Sumber Hukum Islam Antara Al Qur’an, Hadits dan Ushul Fiqh." Educreative : Jurnal Pendidikan Kreativitas Anak 5, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37530/edu.v5i3.129.
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Islam is a religion that teaches compassion to all nature, because it has been equipped with a book of the Qur'an as a source of law, in which teaches about the intrinsic life, it is the word of God mandated to his Messenger to be conveyed to his people in order to complete the purpose of his life in the world and to achieve happiness in the eternal hereafter. With time travel, there are some things that can not be found solutions in the Holy Qur'an, therefore the scholars associate the source of Islamic law with other legal sources. This type of research is research library or library research, with documentation methods from various sources of literature. The results of this study showed that in addition to the legal source of the Qur'an is the hadith of the prophet Muhammad SAW, Ijma (the agreement of the scholars in determining the law due to different conditions) and Qiyas (liken a problem to the events contained in the Qur'an and hadith). The source of Islamic law in the form of Ijma and Qiyas must be based on the strong evidences of syar'i namely the Qur'an and al-Hadith, because as good as the guidelines or the handle of life of Muslims to be safe in the world and the hereafter is the holy book of the Qur'an and al-Hadith.
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Mohamad Handi Khalifah, Iqlima Azhar, Muhammad Salman, and Mayang Murni. "Religion And Tourism Growth In Aceh: A Conceptual Framework." Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi Akuntansi (JENSI) 7, no. 1 (June 17, 2023): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33059/jensi.v7i1.7845.
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This research aims to discover and assess the halal tourism potential in Aceh Province. This research is qualitative and uses the literature review method. The findings of this study indicate that Aceh has excellent potential as a halal tourist destination, with natural wealth comparable to other well-known tourist destinations in Indonesia; however, Aceh Province, as the only province in Indonesia that follows Islamic Sharia law, must identify market segments in order to promote things that will appeal to foreign tourists. Aceh has met all of these criteria as a norm for halal tourism zones, according to the Global Travel Market Index (GMTI).
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Sulaiman, Talib Braim, and Bnar Zrar Ibrahim. "Legal Effects of Pregnancy Duration on Pregnant Woman's Flight in Air Transport: Comparative Study." Journal of AlMaarif University College 34, no. 2 (June 13, 2023): 276–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.51345/.v34i2.669.g366.
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Air flight has become an important means of modern transportation for members of society, including pregnant women. The term of pregnancy means the time that the fetus stays in its mother’s womb. The Iraqi, British and American legislators did not explicitly specify the duration of pregnancy, as the American and British law referred it to medical tests, and the Iraqi law to Islamic Sharia and jurisprudence. And that the duration of pregnancy has a significant impact on the laws of airlines and companies operating in the air field, as the laws of the majority of airlines, including the comparison countries (Iraq, Britain and America) stipulate the conditions or restrictions for the travel of a pregnant woman when she embarks on the flight, and these laws have a role in the possibility of pregnant women traveling by air, When the term of her pregnancy is close to the usual date of birth.The latest statistics indicate that the incidence of births on flights has increased greatly in recent decades due to the frequent trips of pregnant women to travel by this means of transportation.We have reached several results, perhaps the most important of which are: There is no disagreement among Islamic jurists on the issue of determining the minimum pregnancy period (six months), but there is a great deal of disagreement between them in determining the maximum length of pregnancy, and then we made a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: The last times on board civil aviation, and because the majority of these births occur in the case of early pregnancy, we suggest to pregnant women that they take into account the controls issued by the airline’s instructions when applying for a ticket, and we also suggest to the competent authority in the airlines to conduct a good audit when accepting the request to give the travel ticket to the woman pregnant woman.
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Lowis Gunsoles. "Strategy for Improving Service Quality of Fatour Travel Bureau PT. Padang Tourism Choices on the Satisfaction of Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims." SEMB-J : Sharia Economic and Management Business Journal 4, no. 3 (October 3, 2023): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.62159/sembj.v4i1.950.
Full textAbstract:
The more competitors there are in the Hajj and Umrah travel business and as the interest of prospective pilgrims increases in their interest in carrying out the Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage, the quality of service determines the services of the Padang Fatour Travel Office. Implementing a strategy to improve service quality is the key to pilgrim satisfaction and the success of a Hajj and Umrah travel agency in achieving competitiveness. Every company is required to be able to develop and implement a strategy to improve service quality, thereby resulting in satisfaction for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims. In running a business, the company's service quality must provide services that are by Islamic law, of course, the services provided are services that are approved by Allah SWT with the values of beauty in service and actions that are by what Allah SWT permits and prohibits in carrying out activities. economy. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach, which is a field survey and is descriptive. The data collection methods used by the author in this research are observation, documentation, and interviews. The research results show that the strategy to improve service quality carried out by the Fatour Travel Office on the satisfaction of Hajj and Umrah pilgrims is the first strategy, the Fatour Travel Office must maximize branch offices by utilizing social media as a promotional tool. Second, forming an alumni organization to attract prospective pilgrims and so that congregations return to be loyal or subscribe to the services of the Fatour Travel office. Third, the Fatour Travel Office must create a new program, namely creating weekly ritual activities at least once a week. Because ritual activities are important or core activities when pilgrims before leaving for the holy land carry out the Hajj and Umrah.
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Adila, Amma Chorida, Inayah Priyatun, Nurul Hikmah Sofyan, Khafidh Abadi, and Jainul Arifin. "The Efforts Of The Halal Value Chain Ecosystem To Realize Indonesia As The World's Biggest Halal Producer." Al Tijarah 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/at.v9i1.10311.
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Indonesia currently has a large number of Muslim markets from various parts of the province. So that it is possible to become a halal producer in the future development of the Islamic economy. Moreover, in 2022 Indonesia was chosen as one of the second-best rewarding tourist destinations based on the Global Muslim Travel Index. This study uses a qualitative approach method with data collection techniques from the study of literature in solving the problem formulation. The research objective is to analyze the efforts made by the ministry of economics in responding to the fulfillment of halal products in the world. The results of the study show that the halal industry must pass through a stage of certification so that the product does not depart from Islamic principles. Certification includes tracing activities on the halal value chain of products to be distributed. In this case, the Ministry of Religion has the duty and function to guarantee the halalness of products that enter circulation and are traded in Indonesia. So the efforts initiated by the government are law number 33 of 2014 concerning guarantees for halal products, then amended and perfected through law number 11 of 2020 concerning job creation, and PP 39 of 2021 concerning the implementation of the field of guarantees for halal products.
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Gacka, Patryk. "Foreign Terrorist Fighters from the Perspective of Polish and European Criminal Law." Studia Iuridica 71 (November 20, 2017): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5812.
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Foreign terrorist fighters represent one of the powerful threats to the security of states and humanity in the 21st century. Besides participating in the actions of the Islamic State, they also pose a significant danger when they return to their countries of origin to recruit new volunteers, radicalize local communities and actively partake in terrorist attacks. So as to increase the effectiveness of the fight against terrorism, states and international organizations (the EU, Council of Europe, UN) have been moving in the direction of criminalizing all manifestations of terrorist activity. The paper strives to achieve the following: providing a definition of foreign terrorist fighters; proffering a legal qualification of travel abroad undertaken by Polish citizens for terrorist purposes by reference to selected provisions of the Polish Criminal Code; conducting an analysis of the provisions of EU Directive of 15 March 2017 on combating terrorism against the backdrop of the criminalization of the activity of foreign terrorist fighters; comparing the Polish and European criminal legislations within the pertinent scope. De lege ferenda comments will be offered by means of a summary.
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Moren, Lori, Ray Shuey, Greg Chambers, Mansour Ranjbar, Christoph Hamelmann, Hormos Zakeri, and Seyedali Hosseinizadeh. "Governance and Effective Management: Speed Management Demonstration Project, in the Islamic Republic of Iran." Journal of Road Safety 32, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00038.
Full textAbstract:
The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Iran) has embarked on a challenging project aiming to demonstrate how to make road travel safer through speed management measures based on Safe System Approach (SSA) and Result Based Management (RBM). This follows from mounting concern in curbing a high death rate from motor vehicle crashes in recent years. However, despite the Government’s commitment to address this problem, there have been setbacks owing to the challenges of putting in place a strong collaborative framework involving all the agencies charged with responsibilities for road engineering, traffic law enforcement and public education. Iran has established a National Road Safety Commission (NRSC) to lead and coordinate actions. In implementing a demonstration project, specific partnership arrangements have been established at national and provincial levels, as well as pillar-based project teams in 3 provinces. This paper examines the governance structure and opportunities to strengthen the collaborative management of the project and how similar programs can be established and executed in other countries to improve road safety based on SSA and RBM.
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Yamaguchi, Hiroko Kurosaki. "THE POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGE OF HALAL FOODS IN JAPAN." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v3i1.1712.
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In preparing for the Tokyo Olympic Games held in 2020, and in aiming to become a “Country Built on Tourism”, many travel facilities in Japan have started to provide halal foods and amenity goods, items that are permissible or lawful in Islamic law, Muslim prayer rooms, etc. in order to accommodate Muslim tourists. Many Japanese companies and municipalities are also interested in exporting their products from the Islamic area, and obtaining the certification of halal from some Islamic organizations. The process for acquiring halal certification is becoming complicated and expensive, so that many of companies and municipalities have abandoned it. There are about 110,000 Muslims in Japan. It is sometimes difficult for them to find halal foods and other goods, and the need for such items is typically addressed by a small halal industry. There is a “dualism” or lack of communication and collaboration between those organizations that are oriented to Muslim tourists and exports, and the small halal industries stated above. The present study also points out that many Japanese people mistakenly assume that halal foods are exclusively for Muslims. Halal foods, however, have potential for meeting the needs of non-Muslim Japanese consumers who are looking for safe and trustworthy foods.
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Bustanul Arifin, Nursyirwan, Ismail Keri, Ali Said, Khaeruddin Kiramang, and Ghazanul Fikri Khaironi. "The Shifting Meaning of Istiṭa‘ah in Performing Hajj for the Bone People in the Perspective of Islamic Law." Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam 7, no. 3 (September 18, 2023): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.15436.
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The community’s understanding of istiṭa’ah (ability) has shifted and narrowed in meaning towards the economic aspect. This study aims to describe the concept of istiṭa’ah as understood by the people of Bone, South Sulawesi, the factors that cause the narrowing of the meaning of istiṭa’ah, and the economic contents that influence the meaning of istiṭa’ah. This study used a qualitative method using the lughawi approach and Islamic law as an analytical tool. Data were collected by means of in-depth interview and literature review. This study found that the people of Bone have interpreted istiṭa’ah as physical, economic, and security capabilities while in the Holy Land. The shift in the meaning of istiṭa’ah narrowly has referred only to economic ability, as influenced by the high costs, the long waiting lists, and a large number of transfers of regular hajj to hajj handled by private travel agents. The shift in the meaning of istiṭa’ah towards the economic ability is due to no other indicator other than the economy that makes any constraints or limitations can be overcome through paid services of other people. Those who have economic ability will get more VIP facilities than those who do not. In terms of lughawi meaning, istiṭa’ah should be understood broadly, not merely physical, non-physical nor economic factors. In Islamic law, the waiting list and security factors can become illat (cause) of a person to be able (istiṭa’ah) to perform Hajj.
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Faiz, Muhammad Fauzinudin, Dawam Multazamy Rohmatulloh, and Muhammad Solikhudin. "Challenging the Status Quo: Khaled M. Abou El Fadl’s Perspectives on Islamic Legal Authority and the Restrictive Fatwa on Women’s Solo Travel." JIL: Journal of Islamic Law 4, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24260/jil.v4i1.1071.
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This article discusses Khaled M. Abou El Fadl’s (El Fadl) views on Islamic legal authority and his critique of the fatwa prohibiting women from travelling alone without a mahram (unmarriageable kin) issued by the Council for Scientific Research and Legal Opinions (CRLO). This research employs a literature review method by analysing several fatwas issued by the CRLO and several of El Fadl’s works as primary sources. The research findings indicate that El Fadl strives to formulate an authoritative and progressive Islamic law. El Fadl criticises the CRLO’s authoritarian fatwa regarding the prohibition of women travelling alone without a mahram using a hermeneutic framework. El Fadl emphasises that the reader must understand the message of the religious text by connecting the text at the time of its revelation with the current text, considering the text’s competence, meaning determination, and representation. According to El Fadl, the hadith text used as a basis by the CRLO is no longer relevant in the current context because the sense of security can be overcome on which the fatwa is based. The author argues that El Fadl’s views belong to progressive Muslim thinking. This article is expected to contribute to the discourse on openness and inclusivity in Islam.
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Nazahah, Inayah, and Amir Sahidin. "Hukum Safar Wanita Tanpa Mahram Menurut Pandangan Para Ulama." Jurnal Penelitian Medan Agama 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.58836/jpma.v12i2.11240.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Every Islamic law must aim to bring benefits and reject harm. In one of the rules of the Shari'a, Allah <em>Ta'ala</em> provides a rule for traveling specifically for women, which is to be with a mahram when traveling. However, seeing the times and conditions today which are different from the past, many women are still in a dilemma of doubts about the legal status of women traveling without a mahram. For this reason, the scholars have different opinions regarding <em>'illah</em>, the prohibition of women traveling without a mahram. This research is a type of library research, with a descriptive-analytical approach. As for the results of this study, the scholars are divided into two views regarding the law of women having a non-mahram character; some argue that <em>'illah</em> is traveling without a mahram itself. Consequently, traveling is illegitimate for women without a mahram, whether in conditions of <em>wajib</em>, <em>sunnah</em> or <em>mubah</em> travel. Meanwhile, some others argue that <em>'illah</em>, the prohibition of traveling for women without a mahram is safety for traveling. This has consequences on the permissibility of traveling either in conditions of <em>wajib</em>, <em>sunnah</em> or <em>mubah</em> travel. As for traveling for the purpose of haram, then it is clear that the law is haram.</p>
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Tayler, Letta. "Foreign Terrorist Fighter Laws: Human Rights Rollbacks Under un Security Council Resolution 2178." International Community Law Review 18, no. 5 (December 8, 2016): 455–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341342.
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Since 2013, at least 47 countries from Australia to Uzbekistan have enacted laws and regulations to stop their citizens from joining extremist armed groups such as the Islamic State. A majority of these “foreign terrorist fighter” measures were enacted to comply with United Nations Security Council Resolution 2178 of September 2014. In a grave omission, Resolution 2178 does not limit the actions that governments may designate as “terrorism” or “terrorist”, leaving them free to craft dangerously open-ended definitions. At risk are non-violent protesters, journalists, political opponents, civil society members, and ethnic or religious groups, particularly Muslims. The “foreign terrorist fighter” measures that could target them include warrantless searches, prolonged detention without charge, travel bans, loss of dual citizenship, convictions in sham trials, and harsh punishments including death. Collectively, these measures erode international human rights and rule of law.
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Talmon-Heller, Daniella. "Historiography in the Service of the Muftī: Ibn Taymiyya on the Origins and Fallacies of Ziyārāt." Islamic Law and Society 26, no. 3 (June 13, 2019): 227–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685195-02612a04.
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AbstractThis essay demonstrates Ibn Taymiyya’s engagement of historiography in iftāʼ. It draws upon fatwās on pilgrimage to Ascalon, travel to shrines of al-Ḥusayn in Ascalon and Cairo, and visits to Jerusalem and Hebron. Ibn Taymiyya weaves sophisticated historical narratives into his legal reasoning against visiting tombs of prophets and Ahl al-Bayt. He exposes lacunas, contradictions and unreasonable assertions in truisms about bodies of prophets and saints and their cults. He argues against ziyāra to such sites, blaming Shīʿīs for spreading the innovation at a particularly vulnerable time for Islam. His attack on notions of the religious merits of Jerusalem and of murābaṭa hinges upon his reconstruction of the history the Dome of the Rock and of the Islamic frontier. History leads him to stress the temporality of territorial definitions and their dependence on context. His argumentation resonates in works of later writers, demonstrating the continuing relevance of his fatwās.
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Destyani, Ade, and Jopie Gilalo. "LEGAL ANALYSIS AGAINST SEX GRATIFICATION ON COURT DECISION NUMBER: 87 /PID.SUS /TPK /2013 / PN.BDG." DE'RECHTSSTAAT 4, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jhd.v4i2.1533.
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Gratification in criminal law in Indonesia is a gift in the broad sense of discounts, commissions, interest-free loans, travel tickets, and other facilities as a mode to influence a policy that is contrary to its duties and obligations as a public servant or state administrator. Giving is no exception, including the provision of services in the form of sex. However, in Law Number 20 Year 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption, the enforcement of categorized gratification law on difficult law enforcement, as its proof is bound by laws and regulations concerning the law of evidence, therefore this type of corruption is not can use the conventional legal system. The alternative to overcome the limitations of Law Number 31 Year 1999 in conjunction with Law No. 20 of 200 on Corruption Eradication of Gratification of sex law is to fill the legal vacuum by using the authority of judges during the examination of cases in court. Court verdict Number: 87/ PID.SUS /TPK /2013 PN.BDG found the fact that one of the witnesses in the court provided information that the defendant requested sexual services every Thursday or Friday night, but in legal considerations the fact was not considered, it can be used as evidence against the defendant. The authors, judges in giving consideration of the decision need to elaborate, examine and examine more deeply the facts about the sex gratification associated with the explanation of Article 12 B paragraph 1. For the long term also need to absorb Islamic law as solving the problem of sexual gratification so that found the right solution in legal reform in Indonesia
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Al-Qarni, Alia. "Astral projection: Its concept and reality in the Islamic faith." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Sharia'h Sciences and Islamic Studies, no. 90 (September 1, 2022): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/si79049634.
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The concept of astral projection revolves around the assumption of an out-of-body state, assuming an astral aura separate from the physical body capable of traveling outside of it, and realizing a person's ability to leave their body and travel through the ether to anywhere it wants. Also, the source of knowledge for the astral projection experimenters is the person himself, with the connection of the subjective mind with the cosmic mind as they claim, which prompted them to deify the self, and call for intellectual liberation without being bound by the constants of religion, as the experimenters of astral projection entered the field of training, which made propaganda strengthen in glorifying experience, and advocacy to it, and concocting psychological and health benefits for those who applied it. Proponents of astral projection seek to link the experiment with what they claim to be scientific theories in an attempt to link them to a scientific document, which gives it an empirical scientific character that is actually a theory that is nothing more than hypotheses that have not been proven to be true and have no scientific basis. Astral projection in Islamic law is nothing but remnants of atheistic oriental philosophies, and it is based on principles that contradict the principles of belief in general, including the unification of divinity, lordship, names and attributes, and the pillars of faith in general. As the experience of astral projection contradicts the correct belief in terms of what should be believed in miracles, by allowing the miracle to take place at the hands of the experimenter, which is a form of the sanctification and deification of the self. It is more than an illusion and a myth, so it is necessary to impose institutional control over courses in general and courses in the fields of atheistic philosophies in particular, and to impose censorship and blocking sites that promote the astral projection experience, and to raise social awareness of the seriousness of these atheistic trends to the individual and society.
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Nugraheni, Nadea Lathifah. "Criminal Act of Sexual Gratification: Fiqh Jināyah and Positive Law Perspective." Al-Ahkam 18, no. 1 (October 10, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2018.18.1.2358.
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<p>This paper describes the concept of sexual gratification based on positive legal views in Indonesia and <em>fiqh jināyah</em>. This type of qualitative research with the method of collecting library data is also normative in looking at and approaching cases of sexual gratification. This study uses several approaches, including case, comparison, and conceptual approaches. The government has regulated the Law Number. 31 of 1999 which has been updated by Law Number. 20 of 2001 on combating corruption. Moreover, it is stated in Article 12 B that explains matters including gratuities, such as money, goods, commissions, checks, travel tickets and other public facilities. Basically, the sanction of sexual gratification has fulfilled government regulations but has not yet been applied. Thus, it is necessary to reform the law of sexual gratification in Indonesia. The theory of Mukhtalath in Islamic law can be an alternative solution to cases of sexual gratification. The synchronicity of the role of the government and the clear rules and regulations relating to cases of sexual gratuity are urgently needed to achieve justice and legal validity.</p><p class="IABSSS" align="center">[]</p><p>Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan konsep gratifikasi seksual berdasarkan pandangan hukum positif di Indonesia dan <em>fiqh jināyah</em>. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data kepustakaan juga bersifat normatif dalam memandang dan melakukan pendekatan terhadap kasus gratifikasi seksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa pendekatan, diantaranya pendekatan kasus, perbandingan dan konseptual. Pemerintah telah mengatur UU Nomor. 31 Tahun 1999 yang telah diperbaharui oleh UU Nomor. 20 tahun 2001 tentang pemberantasan korupsi. Terlebih tercantum dalam pasal 12 B yang menjelaskan hal-hal yang termasuk gratifikasi, seperti, uang, barang, komisi, check, tiket perjalanan dan fasilitas umum lainya. Pada dasarnya sanksi gratifikasi seksual telah memenuhi aturan pemerintah, akan tetapi belum diaplikasikan. Dengan demikian perlu pembaharuan terhadap hukum gratifikasi seksual di Indonesia. Teori tentang Mukhtalath dalam hukum islam dapat menjadi alternatif solusi akan kasus gratifikasi seksual. sinkronisitas peran pemerintah dan jelasnya aturan perundang-undangan terkait kasus gratifikasi seksual sangat dibutuhkan demi tercapainya keadilan dan keabsahan hukum.</p>
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Rustom, Mohammed. "An Introduction to Islam." American Journal of Islam and Society 21, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v21i4.1762.
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An Introduction to Islam by David Waines consists of three parts:“Foundations,” “Islamic Teaching and Practice,” and “Islam in the ModernWorld.” The author begins by characteristically painting the picture of pre-Islamic pagan Arabia on the eve of Islam’s advent. He discusses the role andsignificance the pre-Islamic Arabs accorded their pantheon of deities, as wellas the (largely inherited) moral codes that governed their conduct in tribalsociety. Waines neatly ties this into what follows, where he discusses thebirth of Prophet Muhammad, the event of the Qur’an’s revelation, and theopposition he encountered from his fellow tribesmen in Makkah. This is followedby an analysis of the Qur’an’s significance, its conception of divinity,and the content and importance of the Hadith as a source of guidance forMuslims. The section is rounded off with examinations of such topics as the first period of civil strife (fitnah) after the Prophet’s death and the interestingbody of literature devoted to Muslim-Christian polemics in earlymedieval Islam.The transition from the first part of the book to the second part is ratherfluid, for the second part is essentially an elaboration of the themes discussedin the first. With remarkable ease and accuracy, the author elucidatesthe historical development and main features of Islamic law in both its theoryand practice. Returning to his earlier discussion on the Hadith, here hebriefly outlines how its corpus came to be collected. Readers unfamiliar withthe main theological controversies that confronted Islam in its formativeyears (e.g., the problem of free will and the status of the grave sinner) willfind the section devoted to Islamic theology fairly useful.Waines goes on to explain some of the principle Mu`tazilite andAsh`arite doctrines, and outlines some of the ideas of Neoplatonic Islamicphilosophy, albeit through the lenses of al-Ghazali’s famous refutation.Surprisingly, the author does not address any of the major developments inIslamic philosophy post-Ibn Rushd, such as the important work of theIshraqi (Illuminationist) school (incidentally, the founder of this school,Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi, was a contemporary of Ibn Rushd). The last twochapters are devoted to Sufism and Shi`ism, respectively. Although Wainesdoes misrepresent Ibn al-`Arabi’s metaphysics of Being by calling it a “system”(pp. 153 and 192), on the whole he presents the Islamic mystical traditionin a refreshing and informed manner. His section on Shi`ism is splendid.It is written with considerable care, and he effectively isolates the mainthemes characteristic of Twelver Shi`ite thought and practice.In the third and longest part of this work, Waines incorporates IbnBattutah’s travel accounts into the book’s narrative. This works very well, asit gives readers a sense of the diverse and rich cultural patterns that wereintricately woven into the fabric of fourteenth-century Islamic civilization.After reading through the section, this present reviewer could not help butmarvel at how the observations of a fourteenth-century traveler and legaljudge from Tangiers could so effectively contribute to a twenty-first centuryintroductory textbook on Islam. Additionally, Waines takes readers throughsome of the essential features of the three important “gunpowder” Muslimdynasties, devotes an interesting discussion to the role played by the mosquein a Muslim’s daily life, and outlines some of its different architectural andartistic expressions throughout Islamic history ...
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Ali, Anis, and Anas A. Salameh. "Role of travel and tourism sector in the attainment of Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia: An analytical study." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 276–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(2).2021.23.
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Tourism is the main service industry significantly developing in the world. It is recognized as the critical factor in economic improvement in various countries. Saudi Arabia is one of the oldest and most famous spots for pilgrimage tourism due to its Islamic heritage. The study analyzes data available on the websites of the Saudi government to specify the contribution of travel and tourism revenue to the economy and its trend, occupancy of residential, and transportation capacity. A tourism satisfaction questionnaire was administered online to get the responses of Saudi nationals and residents related to tourism infrastructure, facilities, and other tourism services in Saudi Arabia. Ranks and percentage analysis were applied to get the relational satisfaction of tourists. Index numbers, ratios, percentages, and coefficient of variations were applied to get the trend, yearly fluctuations, variations, weights, and contribution of tourism avenues. There is a positive but low degree correlation between tourism revenue and the GDP of Saudi Arabia for the period from 2010 to 2018. The results indicate either negative or negligibly positive revenue growth of the accommodation/hotel services, food services, and air transportation. Two-thirds of tourists are either strongly satisfied or satisfied with essential and other tourism services and facilities in Saudi Arabia. Apart from tourist satisfaction, the Saudi government may consider a variety of services as per the economic level of the targeted tourists, and softening of visiting visa procedures and fees to enhance tourism revenue of major contributors for the positive and progressive development to the economy. AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia, for providing financial support to complete this project (Project No: 2020/02/16978).
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Priscilla Suri, Jessica. "THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION ON SANCTIONS TOWARDS INDIVIDUAL FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 3, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v3i2.316.
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AbstractThe United Nations Security Council (SC) holds the primary responsibility to maintain international peace and security as stipulated in Article 24 of the United Nations Charter (UN Charter). The emergence of international terrorism as a threat to international peace and security encourages the SC to impose sanctions in the form of assets freeze, travel ban and arms embargo towards targeted individuals through the SC Resolutions on Taliban, Al-Qaida and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). However, the implementation of UN targeted sanctions towards individuals has been violating the targeted individual’s human rights to property, rights of movement, rights to privacy, honor and reputation, and also the rights to a fair trial. This article will explain about the legitimation of the SC Resolutions in imposing sanction towards an individual, and the obligation of UN member states towards the SC resolution that imposes sanctions against its citizen. The violations of human rights stemming from the implementation of SC Resolutions on sanction towards individuals indicate that the resolutions have been adopted beyond the limits of international law. Therefore this condition makes the resolutions lost its legitimacy under international law. In accordance with Article 25 and 103 of the UN Charter, all member states have an obligation to accept, carry on and give priority to the obligation originating from the SC Resolution including to implement the sanction measures towards individuals. Nevertheless, member states must accommodate and harmonize its obligations in respecting, protecting and fulfilling all the individuals’ rights who are targeted by the SC along with its obligation to the SC Resolutions.
Keywords: Human Rights, Sanction towards Individuals, United Nations Security Council.AbstrakDewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (DK) memiliki tanggungjawab utama untuk menjaga perdamaian dan keamanan internasional berdasarkan Pasal 24 Piagam PBB. Munculnya terorisme internasional sebagai ancaman terhadap perdamaian dan keamanan internasional mendorong DK untuk menjatuhkan sanksi berupa pembekuan aset, pelarangan perjalanan serta embargo senjata kepada individu yang ditargetkan melalui rezim Resolusi Taliban, Al-Qaida dan Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Dalam penerapannya penjatuhan sanksi tersebut menimbulkan pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) yaitu hak terhadap properti, hak kebebasan berpindah, hak atas privasi, kehormatan dan reputasi serta hak atas proses pengadilan yang adil. Pelanggaran HAM tersebut memunculkan tujuan dilakukannya penulisan artikel ini yaitu untuk menunjukan mengenai legitimasi resolusi DK yang menjatuhkan sanksi kepada individu, serta memaparkan mengenai kewajiban negara anggota PBB terhadap resolusi DK yang menjatuhkan sanksi kepada warga negaranya. Pelanggaran HAM yang disebabkan oleh penerapan penjatuhan sanksi terhadap individu mengindikasikan bahwa resolusi yang mendasari penjatuhan sanksi tersebut diadopsi dengan melampaui batasan-batasan penjatuhan sanksi DK dan telah kehilangan legitimasinya menurut hukum internasional. Sehingga meskipun negara memiliki kewajiban berdasarkan Pasal 25 dan 103 Piagam PBB untuk tetap menerima, melaksanakan dan mengutamakan kewajibannya berdasarkan Resolusi DK yang menjatuhkan sanksi terhadap individu, negara tetap harus mengakomodir dan mengharmonisasikan kewajibannya dalam menghormati, melindungi dan memenuhi HAM individu yang dijatuhkan sanksi saat melaksanakan kewajibannya yang berasal dari Resolusi DK.
Kata Kunci: Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Hak Asasi Manusia, Sanksi terhadap Individu
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Faisol, Ahmad. "Penerapan Raf’u al-H?araj; Studi Analisis Shalat Jamak fî al-H?ad?ar li al-H?âjah." Tafáqquh: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Kajian Keislaman 5, no. 1 (March 5, 2017): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52431/tafaqquh.v5i1.82.
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In Islam, Raf’u al-H?araj are basic principles in Islamic law that eliminates legal imposition on everything that complicate accordance with mashaqqah categories of human needs that level is divided into dar?riyyât, h?âjiyyât, tahsîniyyât with ease and tolerance are form of legal relief (takhfîf).One form of takhfîf in islam is plural prayer. Because the ability to do the plural pray agreed by scholars is when traveling, pain, rain, and because of the Hajj. While the plural prayer is because there is a flurry of travel because when not in al-h?âjah (fi al-had?ar li al-h?âjah) for people who are not accustomed still a debate among scholars. The debate is interesting to observed with regard to the context of the passage by doing in-depth study of the interpretation of its meaning, as well as wujûh al-dilâlah of the passage, what is ta’abbudî which leaves no room for ijtihad, or ta’aqqulî are still opportunities ijtihad in istinbât? her, as well as other relevant considerations in accordance with the provisions of maqâs?id al-sharî’ah. This study provides an interesting conclusion that plural prayer is allowed, the record should exist mashaqqah in accordance with the principles of Raf’u al-H?araj and plural prayer does not become a habit.
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Laode Nursyah Dendi, Azwar Azwar, and Khaerul Aqbar. "Bisnis Perjalanan Haji dan Umrah oleh Nonmuslim Menurut Tinjauan Hukum Islam." AL-QIBLAH: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Bahasa Arab 1, no. 1 (September 9, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36701/qiblah.v1i1.632.
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This study aims to determine the review of Islamic law on the management of hajj and umrah businesses by non-Muslims. This research is a descriptive library research, with a socio-historical approach and reconstructs istidlāl and legal istinbāt used by fiqh scholars. The results of the study show that: (1) the principles and laws of the origin of muamalah and interacting with non-Muslims are permissible as long as in terms of, boundaries and corridors of muamalah and are not included in the case of ritual worship, aqidah, and belief; (2) using Hajj and Umrah travel business services managed by non-Muslims is permissible because it is included in the muamalah al-ijārah/leasing area; (3) as a form of prudence, in using Hajj and Umrah business services managed by non-Muslims, it is necessary to pay attention to the following: non-Muslim services are used when there is no (found) Hajj and Umrah organization performed by Muslims, must be safe and not there is something that is detrimental to the Muslims, and there is no element of deviation from the creed of the Muslims; (4) with various considerations of the benefits and impacts that will be caused, it is recommended to Muslims to put the Muslims first in any case, including in using the services of business trips for Hajj and Umrah.
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Speckhard, Anne, and Molly Ellenberg. "ISIS in Their Own Words: Recruitment History, Motivations for Joining, Travel, Experiences in ISIS, and Disillusionment over Time – Analysis of 220 In-depth Interviews of ISIS Returnees, Defectors and Prisoners." Journal of Strategic Security 13, no. 1 (April 2020): 82–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.13.1.1791.
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Two hundred and twenty Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) defectors, returnees, and imprisoned ISIS cadres were in-depth interviewed by the author, a research psychologist working for the International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism (ICSVE) from 2015-2019. These interviews were conducted in Turkey, Iraq, Syria, the Balkans, Europe, and Central Asia with ISIS prisoners, returnees, and defectors. The purpose was to learn about their recruitment history, motivations for joining, travel, experiences inside the group, disillusionment over time, and defection, return or capture. This article reports on a sample of both male and female former ISIS members representing over 35 countries. It examines their demographics, contextual, and other qualitative variants regarding their psycho-social vulnerabilities and motivations for joining. It then discusses the influences and recruitment patterns drawing them into the group, their roles, experiences, and relationships inside it, variance in their will to fight and support violence, and their disillusionment and attempts to leave (when it occurs)—as well as their advice to others about joining. Although a convenience sample, the findings are consistent with other quantitative studies on ISIS and we believe highly informative on many important topics.
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Fikri, Muhammad. "Fiqih of Indonesian Tourism (FIT) as A Shari'a Tourism Policy System." Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies 5, no. 2 (March 27, 2022): 90–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/ijiis.vol.5.iss2.art5.
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Shari'a tourism is a trend in Indonesia and the international world because currently Muslim and non-Muslim countries are competing to offer the concept of shari'a tourism. The shari'a tourism discourse still attracts controversy amid society in terms of its legal aspects, concept, and application. The term shari'a tourism is also still being debated because people cannot distinguish between conventional tourism and shari'a tourism and there are differences in narratives such as halal tourism and religious tourism. In addition, the development of shari'a tourism policies in Indonesia also has governance problems. This happens because there is no strong ontological, epistemological, and axiological foundation based on Pancasila values, culture, and local wisdom. The problem that will be answered in this article is how is the Fiqh of Indonesian Tourism (FIT) used as a policy system and strategy for developing shari’a tourism.
This research is a literature review using a qualitative method that is descriptive-analytic, through Habermas' critical theory approach. This critical theory paradigm is used as a way of looking at and critiquing previous thoughts such as conventional tourism and shari'a tourism.
The findings of this study are the Fiqh of Indonesian Tourism (FIT) which is constructed based on Pancasila values and has an ontological, epistemological, and axiological bases, as well as the results of ijtihad through the maslahah mursalah approach as the basis for legal istinbath, 'urf as a study of law and Islamic legal (fiqhiyyah) rules as a reinforcement of the law. The Fiqh of Indonesian Tourism (FIT) is offered as a consideration in the formulation of government policies and praxis for tourist actors without having to be contaminated by non-Muslim tourists, but Muslim and non-Muslim tourists remain in harmony in carrying out tourism activities and maintaining the existence of local culture and wisdom based on Pancasila values. The Fiqh of Indonesian Tourism (FIT) is also a way of traveling without having to be trapped by the symbol of shari'a tourism, in which tourists, both Muslim and non-Muslim, can still enjoy travel and tourism amenities according to their respective beliefs.
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Feriyadin, Feriyadin, Akhmad Saufi, and Baiq Handayani Rinuastuti. "PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA HALAL DESA SETANGGOR." JMM UNRAM - MASTER OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL 10, no. 1A (January 14, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jmm.v10i1a.628.
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Setanggor tourism managers make halal tourism as a new innovation in the development of tourist villages. The value of Islamic law as a reference for the development of halal tourism in Setanggor Village. However, in the development of the tourism industry in Setanggor Village, it is inseparable from the challenges, namely the low participation of youth at the planning and decision-making stages to develop tourism, and youth prefer to seek income outside their area because of economic conditions in the village are not yet supported, so local youth are less participating in developing tourism in the environment. This shows that the readiness of human resources (especially youth) in developing halal tourism is still inadequate. The research data were analyzed using a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation support related to the research objectives. In-depth interviews were conducted with 6 Tourism Managers and 1 Head of Setanggor Village, then the interview data were recorded and continued with analysis using content analysis.The results of this study indicate that the management of the Setanggor tourism village offers a unique travel experience by enjoying natural attractions; arts-cultural attractions; local food attractions; and halal tourist attractions. The tour packages offered as tourism products are local activities, nature, and the unique traditions / culture of the Muslim community in Setanggor tourist destinations as an effort to attract domestic tourists and foreign tourists, both Muslim and non-Muslim. The presence of Halal tourism concept in the development of tourism in Setanggor Village is an effort to foster an entrepreneurial spirit in tourism and cultural preservation of the local community whose activities are inseparable from religious factors, namely Islam.Keywords:Halal Tourism, Tourism Village, Setanggor Village.
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Farida, Farida, Zulaikha Zulaikha, and Hartopo Eko Putro. "DESENTRALISASI WISATA RELIGI INDONESIA MELALUI CITY BRANDING WISATA KABUPATEN BANGKALAN MADURA." Bricolage : Jurnal Magister Ilmu Komunikasi 6, no. 02 (October 1, 2020): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.30813/bricolage.v6i02.2149.
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<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p> <em>Bangkalan people are attached to Islamic culture. Their daily life is influenced by Islamic teachings and is evident in their social behavior, including in the arts and seeking solace. One of the consolations known in the community is to travel. Of course, Islamic travel and does not violate Islamic law. For the people of Bangkalan, the pilgrimage to the tombs, in addition to being one of the rituals believed to seek blessings, is also a place to tour. Therefore, the pilgrimage to the graves of scholars and community leaders in Bangkalan becomes a sight that can be seen every day. Religious tourism then developed into an opportunity in the development and improvement of people's welfare. Unfortunately, this has not yet become the focus of interest of the Bangkalan district government. Th</em><em>r</em><em>ough building city branding as a religious tourism destination opens up opportunities for Bangkalan to compete with other regions in getting tourist visits. This study tries to identify the problem of tourism development and produce output in the form of religious tourism branding draft for Bangkalan district. The method used is observation and in-depth interviews. Although the results of this study indicate that the Bangkalan district is not ready to build a religious tourism brand, but the data obtained in the field shows that Bangkalan has a lot of religious tourism potential. The results of this study are expected to be input for the district government, scholars and tourism stakeholders. Further hope is to be able to help the Bangkalan district government to build city branding and create marketing communication concepts for their region</em><em> </em><em>as a part of decentralization strategy</em><em>.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><strong><em>city b</em></strong><strong><em>randin</em></strong><strong><em>g,</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>decentralization, </em></strong><strong><em>tourism</em></strong><strong><em>,</em></strong><strong><em> religious</em></strong><strong><em>,</em></strong><strong><em> bangkalan</em></strong></p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Masyarakat Bangkalan lekat dengan kultur Islam. Kehidupan keseharian mereka dipengaruhi ajaran Islam, termasuk dalam berkesenian dan mencari penghiburan. Salah satu penghiburan yang dikenal dalam masyarakat adalah melakukan perjalanan wisata. Tentu perjalanan wisata yang Islami dan tidak melanggar syariat Islam. Bagi masyarakat Bangkalan, ziarah ke makam, selain menjadi salah satu ritual yang dipercayai untuk mencari berkah, juga menjadi ajang berwisata. Karena itu, ziarah ke makam-makam ulama dan tokoh masyarakat di Bangkalan menjadi pemandangan yang bisa dilihat setiap harinya. Wisata religi kemudian berkembang menjadi satu peluang dalam pembangunan dan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Sayangnya, hal ini belum menjadi <em>focus of interest</em> pemerintah kabupaten Bangkalan. Padahal membangun <em>city branding</em> sebagai destinasi wisata religi membuka kesempatan bagi Bangkalan untuk bersaing dengan wilayah lain dalam mendapatkan kunjungan wisatawan. Penelitian mengidentifikasi problema pembangunan wisata dan menghasilkan <em>output</em> berupa <em>draft branding</em> wisata religi untuk kabupaten Bangkalan. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Meskipun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kabupaten Bangkalan belum siap membangun <em>brand</em> wisata religi, tetapi data yang diperoleh di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa Bangkalan punya banyak potensi wisata religi. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi masukan bagi pemerintah kabupaten, ulama, dan stake holder pariwisata. Harapan lebih jauh adalah membantu pemerintah kabupaten Bangkalan membangun <em>city branding</em> dan membuat konsep komunikasi pemasaran bagi wilayahnya sebagai bagian dari strategi desentralisasi.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: </strong><strong>city </strong><strong><em>branding</em></strong><strong>, desentralisasi, </strong><strong>wisata</strong><strong>,</strong><strong> religi</strong><strong>,</strong><strong> bangkalan</strong><strong></strong></p>
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Abbas, Sheer, Ghufran Ahmed, and Muhammad Ramzan Kasuri. "Ibne Battuta: His Experiences as a Judge/Qadi in Medieval India." Global Legal Studies Review VII, no. II (June 30, 2022): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2022(vii-ii).13.
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Ibne Battuta is known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the Rihla (lit. "Journey"). He visited most of the known Islamic world as well as many non-Muslim lands in thirty years. He is generally considered one of the greatest travellers of all time. During his journey, he met many religious scholars, jurists, Sufis, Judges/Qudat, chief justices and kings. He entered India on the day of the new moon of Muharram, the first day of the year 734 A. H., which was 12 September 1333 C.E. during the reign of Muhammad bin Tuglaq. He was appointed as judge/Qadi of the capital; Delhi city. He remained for six years as a judge of Delhi. Later on, he was also appointed as a chief judge of Al-Muhal Jazira of the Maldives. Although the role of Ibne Battuta as a judge in Delhi is not much action when he became a chief judge of the Maldives, he played a very active role in enforcing Islamic law, Islamic traditions and rule of law.
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Udvarvölgyi, Zsolt András. "A Journey with experiences of a lifetime. The adventures of Gyula Germanus in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1902." Historijski pogledi 6, no. 10 (November 15, 2023): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2023.6.10.52.
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Gyula Germanus or Hajji Julius Abdul-Karim Germanus, Hungarian Muslim Orientalist Professor (1884-1979) was a well-known scholar and popular figure in Hungary from the turn of the century until late seventies. He was an Arabist, teacher, professor, writer, traveller, literary historian as well MP in Hungary (1958-1966) and member of many academies abroad. He converted to Islam in Delhi in 1930, and he was the first Hungarian to make a pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) in 1935. In this paper, I would like to describe in more detail his first major trip abroad, which took him to Bosnia and Herzegovina in the summer of 1902. The 17-year-old Germanus, a newly graduated, well-informed, educated, multilingual and already interested in Eastern culture, had a lifetime of experiences on his journey. Based partly on one of his memoirs and partly on a radio play he wrote and found in the Germanus bequest, I will outline in detail a chronicle of his days in Bosnia. First he travelled by train from Budapest to Banja Luka, where he visited the only Trappist monastery in the Balkans, and then he wrote a brief history of the Trappist order in his book. He then travelled with his companions by coach along a wild and scenic road carved into the valley of the Vrbas river towards Jajce. He noted that the Hungarian soldiers who invaded Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878 had named the province “the land of curved mountains” for a reason. It is in Jajce that he had his greatest and most astonishing adventure, when he walked into a café in the evening, where he was greeted with great affection by the regular Bosniaks, especially after it turns out that he speaks Turkish. So he spends the evening in good company and is amply entertained. This first impression of the kindness and hospitality of the Muslim people of the East will stayed with him for the rest of his life. Jajca was followed by a journey by narrow-gauge railway to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. In addition to describing the city and its sights, Germanus also reported that he had made a new and very dear friend, the intelligent Ahmed Mustafa, a shariat law student. After meeting him, they talked about the Islamic religion, the Quran, shariat and visited the bazaar. Afterwards they had dinner and Germanus invited his new friend to visit Hungary, who accompanied him to Grazová and then to Raguza. They also discovered Raguza together and said goodbye to each other. From there Germanus travelled to Cattaro, then to Cetinje in Montenegro, where he had interesting and instructive adventures, and after a long and difficult ordeal, including two days of starvation, he arrived in Fiume, where he was helped by an acquaintance of his father’s, and was able to travel home in peace. In the conclusion, I will explain that six years after Germanus’ visit, the Austro-Hungarian Empire annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Empire, and tensions between the peoples of the Balkans escalated, leading to the Sarajevo assassination attempt on 28 June 1914, which soon afterwards led to the outbreak of the First World War. Germanus never forgot his first trip and the positive experiences he had here. He had sympathy for the Bosniaks and helped them in Hungary when veteran soldiers and officers stranded in Hungary after the First World War founded an Islamic religious community in 1931 under the leadership of former Military Imam Husein Hilmi Durić . Germanus, who was already a Muslim, supported them, mobilised his network of contacts for them and took on the role of secretary-general of the so-called “Gül Baba Cultural Committee”. I believe that the teenager Germanus’ personality development was greatly influenced by his trip in 1902 and the friendly, welcoming atmosphere that surrounded him.
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Yuldashev, Izzatilla М. "LIFE AND SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE OF QADI ABU YUSUF." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, no. 10 (October 30, 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2021-10-20.
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The article examines the life and scientific activity of one of the founders of the Hanafism movement, Qadi Abu Yusuf.Abu Yusuf's scientific travels, mentors and important events related to them are coming. It was revealed how much his scientific and political activities contributed to the spread of the mythology of the country and the direction of Hanafism.Valuable information about great scientists and the scientific heritage of the scientist was also given. In conclusion, in the works written by scientists, conclusions were drawn about the lifeof that period and its influence on the literature of the subsequent period.Index Terms:Abu Yusuf, text, fikh (islamic law), hadith, hanafi, qadi (judge), owners-taxrij, comment
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Skarżyńska-Bocheńska, Krystyna. "Les traces de principes d'honneur des arabes de antéislam dans les coutumes et proverbes contemporaines." Arabist: Budapest Studies in Arabic 18 (1996): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.58513/arabist.1996.18.10.
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The pre-Islamic Arab tribes had created a code of honour that became an unwritten, customary law, observed, and cherished by the entire tribe. The Arabic term that corresponds to the idea of honour is the word ʿirḍ. Among the many principles of honour, presented in Farès’s still relevant work (L’honneur chez les Arabes avant l’islam, Paris, 1932), the author of this article chose three for her analysis: “the chastity of women” and the principle strictly linked to it, “the non-captivity of free women” as well as “protection” (ǧiwār), whose traces or at least inspiration can be seen in the tribal laws (ʿurf) of contemporary Bedouins.
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Wiegers, Gerard A. "The Persistence of Mudejar Islam? Alonso de Luna (Muhammad Abū 'l- Āsī), the Lead Books, and the Gospel of Barnabas." Medieval Encounters 12, no. 3 (2006): 498–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006706779166048.
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AbstractThis article deals with the origins of a famous group of Muslim texts, the so-called Gospel of Barnabas, a pseudoepigraphic piece of anti-Christian polemics in the form of a gospel, and the so-called Lead Books, found in Granada at the end of the sixteenth century. The authorship of these forgeries is controversial, but they seem to have their roots in medieval and renaissance mudejar and Morisco Spain. This essay situates the question of authorship against the background of the transition of mudejar to Morisco culture and deals with the Islamic names of some of those responsible for the texts: the Moriscos Alonso del Castillo (al-Jabbis), his son-in-law Miguel de Luna (al-Ukayhil), and their grandson and son Alonso de Luna (Muhammad Abū 'l- Āsī). New light is shed on the latter's travels to Rome and Istanbul and his Inquisition trial in 1618, as well as on his involvement in the Gospel of Barnabas and the Sacromonte Lead Book affairs.
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KARCI, EROL, and BETÜL KARCI. "ESNAF GEDİKLERİNİN KALDIRILMASINDAN SONRA İSTANBUL’DAKİ SAKA GEDİKLERİNİN DURUMLARINA DAİR TESPİTLER (1913-1950)." Türk Kültürü ve HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ Araştırma Dergisi 104 (December 3, 2022): 553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34189/hbv.104.028.
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The origin of the Ottoman craftsman organization organized under the name of Akhī or craft guild dates back to the Seljuk period and even to the "Turkish-Islamic guild” organization (fütüvvet in Turkish) in the first years of Islam. The dawn of the craftsman's monopoly of trade rights, which is one of the most significant development stages of the Ottoman craftsmen organization, begins in the mid-17th century. The term monopoly of trade right, in the economic sense, means the authorization of the craftsmen to perform their art in the Ottoman Empire, it also refers to the limitation of each craft to a certain number of branches and the shop and the tools and equipment required for that craft therein. Towards the end of the 18th century, the system of the monopoly of trade rights began to conflict with the goals sought by the state due to the efforts of craftsman organizations to transform the monopoly of trade rights into a closed monopolization. For this reason, some regulations have been introduced in time. The monopoly of trade rights have been abolished by the "Ad-hoc Law on Abolition of Monopoly of Trade Rights" enacted on 1 March 1913. The water sellers' monopoly of trade rights, which serves in supplying the water, needs of Istanbul have continued their existence thereafter. Some issues regarding the situation of the water sellers' monopoly of trade rights were contained in official correspondences. Some of which include whether it is appropriate to abolish water sellers' monopoly of trade rights, if so, whether or not the monopoly of trade rights costs will be paid or by which institution. In conclusion, by an additional article enacted in 1916, it is resolved to abolish the water sellers' monopoly of trade rights. However, some sources imply that despite this additional article, water sellers' monopoly of trade rights continued to exist until the 1950s. In our opinion, the bill for the drafted additional article did not qualify as a law or if it did, it could not be implemented. The aim of our study is to provide information about the water sellers' monopoly of trade rights and then to determine the status of the water sellers' monopoly of trade rights after 1913. The principal source of our study is the documents we obtained from the Ottoman State Archives. In addition, we make use of research books related to our topic. Keywords: Akhī-order, Craftsman, Monopoly of Trade Rights, Water Seller, Istanbul.
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Ziky, Mustapha, and Nabil El Hamidi. "Demand trade-off between PLSs and markups in the presence of a conventional banking relationship: The case of Moroccan companies." Banks and Bank Systems 18, no. 2 (June 12, 2023): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.18(2).2023.16.
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Theoretical explanations based on information asymmetry constitute the dominant paradigm of the near disappearance of PLSs (profit and loss sharing). This assumption implicitly implies a hypothesis on the power of contractual choice exclusively monopolized by Islamic banks. The theoretical positioning in this study to explain the arbitrage between PLSs and markups is based on a lack of demand. In this sense, this paper attempts to verify the demand trade-off of Moroccan companies between PLSs and markups. A logistic regression was used to establish several findings. The evidence suggests that past banking relationships with conventional banks and debt maturity both favor the commercialization of markups. On the other hand, financial quality of firms has no direct impact on the choice between PLSs and markups. This assertion implies that it is incorrect to assume that sole entrepreneurs undertaking high-risk projects choose to be funded by PLSs. Combining that with the fact that companies that agree to be funded by PLSs agree to share profits, private information and decision-making power, it can be said that PLSs can have a good chance of thriving in Morocco if Islamic banks provide a favorable climate for their marketing.
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Bilin, Abdullah. "The Place of Al-Jārbardī In the Tradition of Ijazah." Journal of The Near East University Faculty of Theology 8, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32955/neu.ilaf.2022.8.1.07.
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In Islamic culture and civilization, an ijazah is one of the cornerstones of the deep-rooted education system. The Ijazah was used in the sense of documenting the isnad system, which was considered a part of religion in the first centuries. Thus, it has become one of the reliable ways to strengthen the narration and transfer it to the next generations in the same way. An Ijazah is a unique method created by Islamic civilization to establish a strong education system. License certificate show that a scholar has learned which works in which fields and from whom during his scientific career, and in which school he grew up. al-Jārbardī, who is a part of this tradition, both narrated many works and gave various permissions to transfer them to the next generations. From one aspect, it is divided into general-special, and from another aspect, scientific, scientific, professional-artistic, sect and spiritual. al-Jārbardī (d.746/1346) is one of the scholars of the Ilkhanid period and is one of the authoritative figures with an effective in the in the field of language. This fertile author, who devoted his life to science and education, produced twenty-six works and established continuous scientific assemblies, had strong narrations of the works he taught. In order to determine his narrations and Ijazahs, manuscripts and mashyakha -type works were examined in addition to his books of scribes, and fourteen narrations and six Ijazahs belonging to him were determined. In fact, in the research conducted, it was understood that the author gave much more permission; It has been researched with the assumption that these Ijazah have reached the present day, but all of them have not been determined yet. The data obtained revealed new information about the life of him and his students. These narrations and ijazahs contain data, albeit briefly, about the names, lives and thoughts of many ulema that are not mentioned in the books of the katat. In addition, the relations of the author, the scientific development of the student, his other teachers, the books taught, his travels, etc. An important information about the autobiographical information about the author makes them a primary source. When the manuscripts were examined, it was determined that he, like many scholars who gave lectures, gave various the Ijazahs to those present when the book, which was the subject of the lecture, was finished. When referring to the mashyakha type of books, it is seen that he performed an important service by narrating many books from tafsir to hadith, from fiqh to Arabic language. The scientific legacy of al-Jārbardī from previous scholars and the works he wrote are mostly written by the Shiite scholar al-Ghazāl Muhammad It was transferred on to the next generations. Again, while his scientific legacy was transferred on to the al-Subkī family through his son Ibrahim, it was transferred on to al-Suyutī through al-Surmārī. Through his favorite student Nur al-din Farac and Tac al-din Ali al-Tabrizī, his scientific legacy reached places such as Damascus and Cairo. This legacy has been passed on to scholars such as Bedreddin Aynî and Süyûtî through certain documents. Thus, its scientific legacy spread to Islamic cultural centers such as Damascus, Cairo, Iraq and Yemen. In his ıjazahs, he specifically states the condition of observing the right of narration both for the books transmitted from the predecessor and for his own works. He showed his scientific competence in the narrations. The scientific legacy of al-Jārbardī, who was the influential name of the period in the Shafi'i sect, is based on al-Rāfi'ī and al-Qazvīnī, who were the authority in the sect.