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1
Bhat, Shuv Raj Rana. "Orientalist Representation of Nepali People, Culture and Landscape: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Kincaid’s Among Flowers: A Walk in the Himalaya." SCHOLARS: Journal of Arts & Humanities 1 (August 1, 2019): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sjah.v1i0.34445.
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Partly drawing on postcolonial rhetorics and partly drawing insights from critical stylistics and critical discourse analysis, this paper basically explores how Antigua-born-American writer Jamaica Kincaid rhetorically constructs Nepal in a disguised form of a travel writer through her travel narrative Among Flowers: A Walk in the Himalaya. Even though Kincaid is best known as an anti-imperialist, the way she longs for the Garden of Eden and represents Nepali landscape, people, and culture posits that her travel to Nepal is threaded with the rhetoric of Othering, metropolitan culture, and imperial politics. In particular, she looks at the travelled places and people with an imperial eye: nomination, surveillance, negation, debasement, and binary rhetoric.
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Bhatta, Kumar, Prakash Gautam, and Toshinori Tanaka. "Travel Motivation during COVID-19: A Case from Nepal." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 10, 2022): 7165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127165.
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The tourism industry is one of the most affected industries by the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding travel motivation is necessary for the tourism movement, even in the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this quantitative study aimed to explore travel motivation and its determinants. We collected 181 samples through a web-based questionnaire survey of the Nepali people in January and February 2021. The data were analyzed using a probit regression model through two different travel companion perspectives, i.e., traveling with friends and traveling with family members. We found that travel motivation, attributes, travel purpose, and transport mode preferences differed in companion groups. Specifically, those who want to travel with friends are government employees, 20–29 years of age, set health and wellness purposes, choose the bike for transportation, are less willing to visit homestay and agritourism, and want to travel for around one week. Those who plan to travel with family members use the coach to travel, choose rural destinations, including villages, and spend around two weeks. Based on these findings, we suggest that the Nepalese tourism destination and public transport companies make tourism packages targeting the groups. Since both groups showed interest in visiting rural destinations, we can say that tourism in rural destinations may revive earlier than urban tourism after the pandemic. However, a low-risk travel environment should be ensured for traveling to attract more tourists during and the post-disaster.
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Devkota, Niranjan, Ľubomír Kmeco, Sunil Thapa, Petr Houška, and Udaya Raj Poudel. "Tourists’ Perception of Travel Risk and Management in Destination amid Covid-19 Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Nepal." Journal of Tourism and Services 13, no. 25 (December 20, 2022): 90–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.29036/jots.v13i25.388.
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Travel risk and management views of tourists have a key role in their choice of locations while the COVID-19 epidemic is still causing travel-related concerns. Despite many studies available in the western world, the effect of COVID-19 has been less explored in Nepal. Thus, this research aims to investigate travel risk and management perception in post-COVID tourism activities in Nepal. Based on pathogen stress theory and explanatory research design, this study seeks a causal relationship between Travel Risk and Management in Nepal. Following the purposive sampling technique, data collection is done using KOBO Toolbox through a structured questionnaire. Findings revealed that Risk Management, Transportation Patterns, Distribution Channel, Avoidance of Overpopulated destinations, Hygiene and Safety are significant to Travel risk and management perception whereas Risk Management, Travel risk and management perception, Service Delivery, Distribution Channel, Hygiene and Safety are significant to COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal which supports pathogen-stress theory. Furthermore, travel risk and management perception partially mediate the favorable association between avoidance of overpopulated destinations and the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the primary problems faced by the traveler were securing a comfortable hotel and selecting a destination where COVID risk is minimum. However, the COVID-19 break has caused health concerns among visitors, causing many to cancel their holiday plans. Therefore, in the post-pandemic phase, tourists are more concerned about the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on their travel activities and choice.
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Koirala, Anuradha, and Bishwo Ram Khadka. "Exploitation of Women and Children in Nepal: In the Name of Travel, Tourism and Marriage." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 2, no. 2 (December 2017): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632717737168.
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Trafficking in Nepal and in its associated South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) region is more heavily entrenched than a decade ago. Nepal is no longer just a source country, but has become a transit and destination country as well. Sex tourism targeting minors has increased. Legal loopholes in Nepali law provide spaces for increasing paedophilia by tourists. Fake marriages have become a common method of trafficking. Trafficking is still primarily for prostitution, but there is an increase in trafficking for domestic servitude, construction work, cheap labor, slavery and organ harvesting. Policy responses are confused due to political instability and a lack of coordination among different departments.
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Silwal, Ashma, Grizelda Noraine Gonzales Garcia, and Amisha Silwal. "The Prospects of Domestic Tourism in Post-Covid Nepal: Connecting the Missing Dots." Shanti Journal 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/shantij.v1i1.47794.
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Nepal has experienced challenges in developing its international tourism business during Covid-19 and domestic tourism has not yet been considered a viable alternative to the allure of foreign travel in Nepal. There are no statistics on domestic tourism in Nepal. Worldwide, domestic tourism has been sought as an alternative to revive the tourism industry during a pandemic, and the Ministry of Tourism and Nepal Tourism Board is implementing strategies and plans to promote domestic tourism in Nepal.
This study aims to investigate the potential of domestic tourism in Nepal from the perspective of domestic tourists. The study is qualitative in nature and has used an online survey from May to June 2020. Data has been analyzed thematically using SPSS, MS-Excel, and descriptive statistics. This study attempts to connect the dots by focusing on domestic tourism and tourist destinations in Nepal in accordance with respondents’ opinions. The findings reveal that the tourism industry can potentially be revitalized by domestic tourism. A high percentage of respondents indicated that the Covid lockdown has floored the tourism sector however, they are highly motivated to travel domestically rather than overseas despite the travel restrictions. To summarize, the potentiality of domestic tourism to strengthen the tourism industry should be further explored, and the absence of strategies and policies, travel restrictions, lack of provision of tourism infrastructure, and safety protocol are barriers to the flourishment of domestic tourism.
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Nirmal, Chongbang. "Pandemic Impact on the Travels and Tourism Sector of Nepal." Journal of Economic Sciences, no. 1.1 (June 30, 2022): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55603/jes.v1i1.a5.
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The travel and tours enterprise were badly affected due to pandemics. In the aftermath of high restrictions on human movement, travel-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted due to lockdown. Due to pandemic, highly impacted into earning-saving, lack of supportive working conditions, lower self-capacity, and lack of recovery budget and policies, the travel and tours-based entrepreneurs were highly impacted. The study reflected the impact of pandemics on travel and tours, major constraints, and a possible way forward to sustaining. The research explores what are the major existing practices of sustaining travel and tours entrepreneurs during pandemics, what factors can contribute to building bounce-back capacities of travel and tours entrepreneurs’ sustainability. Above forty-four, snowball-based sampling was done from major travel and tours entrepreneurs, Pokhara-Nepal. A structure-based open-ended questionnaire, key informant interviews, and in-person-based discussion were applied in the method of study. Used the content analysis along with a recap of the research question, undertake bracketing to identify biases, operationalize variables with develop a coding, and code the data with undertaking analysis while qualitative analysis, and multiple regression facilitated on quantitative analysis to finalize the discussion. The study reflects that self-saving, social support, state and financial institutions recovery support, social behavior and change communication, full vaccination practices, and self-accountable tourist behavior are highly expectable conditions to the sustainability of travel and torus entrepreneurship in the learning area. The study concludes that self-saving capacity can contribute to bounce-back capacity for every entrepreneur. Social support and socioeconomic recovery packages were also contributing to sustaining travel and tours in the study area. Self-saving condition and capacity is higher bounce back capacity compared to non-saved entrepreneurs in the study area. Social support, socioeconomic recovery practices, and recovery packages from state and financial institutions were not at the higher level as expected.
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KC, Ritika, Ija Giri, and Udhab Raj Khadka. "Climate Change and Possible Impacts on Travel and Tourism Sector." Journal of Tourism and Himalayan Adventures 3, no. 1 (August 19, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jtha.v3i1.39117.
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Nepal is a diverse country with lowlands of Terai to the highest mountains attracting many tourists and visitors to make visits. So, the tourism in Nepal is primarily nature-based as tourists are mostly attracted by the spectacular landscapes, majestic mountains, glaciers, lakes, rivers and biodiversity across its diverse ecological gradient. Mountaineering, trekking, whitewater rafting and jungle safari tours are the main forms of nature-based tourism activities in our country. Climate change is affecting Nepal in a number of ways and the travel and tourism sector cannot remain untouched. Various studies on climate change shows increased weather uncertainties and extremities resulting into long dry period and intense rain during monsoon leading to increased water induced disasters like floods, inundation, landslides, cloudburst floods, and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) which are projected to continue in future as well. This has affected natural landscapes, and Himalayas influencing every walk of life and livelihood options. Though the impacts of climate change can be observed in the whole world, poor country like Nepal is likely to suffer most due to limited resources to cope with and adapt to the effects of climate change. In this paper, an effort has been made to review the impact of climate change on the travel and tourism sector in Nepal through the study of previous literatures on climate changes.
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Baniya, Rojan, and Kirtika Paudel. "An Analysis of Push and Pull Travel Motivations of Domestic Tourists in Nepal." Journal of Management and Development Studies 27 (August 1, 2016): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmds.v27i0.24945.
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A rigorous analysis of tourist motivation should guide the success of marketing destinations, and the primary objective of this study is to use widely accepted ‘integrative models of push and pull motives’ to analyze travel motivations of Nepali domestic tourists. Drawing from the previous studies, investigating the direct effect of push and pull motives on domestic travel motivation, this study proposes that both push and pull motives are important determinants of domestic travel motivations, however pull factors are significantly more important than push factors for domestic travel motivations. 132 domestic travellers who travelled domestically in past six months participated in the study. One sample T-test, paired-samples T-test and mean ranking were conducted to test hypotheses. One sample T-test showed significant importance of both implicit and explicit motives, and paired sample T-test results showed pull motives are significantly more important for domestic travel motivation. Mean ranking of the constructs within pull motives showed easy access and affordability, variety seeking and history culture are top reasons for domestic travellers to visit a place. Escape daily life, seeking relaxation and sightseeing variety were top three reasons for domestic travel motivation as push motive constructs. The study’s findings unravel Nepal’s domestic tourist’s motivations, and provide practitioners and policymakers with a base to develop an effective strategy to improve the domestic tourism in Nepal.
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Baniya, Rojan, Suman Ghimire, and Sandip Phuyal. "Push and Pull Factors and their effects on International Tourists’ Revisit Intention to Nepal." Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 8 (July 19, 2017): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v8i0.17830.
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International tourists are of great prominence to Nepali economy, consequently their motivation to visit Nepal should guide the success of Nepal as tourist destination. The primary objective of this study is to use commonly recognized ‘integrative models of push and pull motives’ to travel motivations of international tourists to Nepal. Based on previous studies, inspecting the direct effect of push and pull motives on international tourists to Nepal, this study proposes that except for ‘enhancing social’, all the other variables (pull factors – nature, culture and heritage sites, adventure, friendly people climate; push factors – relaxation and recreation, enhance relationship, fulfilling practice, escape from daily routine) exhibited encouragingly positive correlation with re-visit intentions among international tourist to Nepal. Additionally, the overall push factors and pull factors together predicted the revisit intention of international tourists to Nepal, however push factor was insignificant. Thus, convincingly, we could say that international tourists are motivated to visit Nepal by its pull factors i.e. destination attributes. The study’s findings reveal Nepal’s international tourists’ impetuses, and provide practitioners and policymakers with a foundation to develop an effective strategy to improve the international tourist based tourism in Nepal.The GAZE Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, Vol. 8, 2017, page: 20-39
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Upadhyay, Toya Nath. "Reading Michael Palin's Himalaya from an Insider's Perspective." Humanities and Social Sciences Journal 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hssj.v13i2.49806.
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This study reads Michael Palin's travel text, Himalaya (2004) from a cultural insider's perspective and argues how the author gets trapped into the vestiges of conventional Western outlook upon the non-West. Surfacely and even intentionally, the author appears to keep himself away from such outlook, but it resurfaces frequently in the text and exemplifies how the traditional colonial tendency of stressing superiority keeps lurking in the Western travel writers' texts. The author makes a trip across seven nations in 2003 but as a resident of Nepal I focus my analysis on his travel in Nepal. For the analytic purpose, the study borrows conceptual insights from scholars in travel writing genre such as Carl Thompson, Robert Clarke and Debbie Lisle. Terms related to colonial discourse theory will be heavily used.
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Yadav, Omprakash Prasad. "Study on Internet Marketing Practices of Tourism Industry by Travel Agency of Nepal." Pravaha 24, no. 1 (June 12, 2018): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pravaha.v24i1.20233.
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Nepal is famous destination for international travelers through tour started only after sixties. Nepal within two decades became successful to have it significant position in world tourism scenario. Tourism in Nepal becomes a strong contributor in National economy after it boomed in eighties. It has become important foreign export being major source of foreign exchange. A part from this, it has been contributing in creating direct & indirect employment opportunities. Realizing the importance of tourism sector to uplift national economy, Nepal government has formulated various policies plan, and strategies to develop tourism as sustainable industry. Tourism master plan 1972 was an important step in policy formulation Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) was established in 1999 with the principle of Public Private Partnership (PPP) with the Principle of Public Private Partnership (PPP) approach. Since then, NTB has been marketing "Nepal as an enchanting holiday destination in world tourism market. It has adopted various strategies and undertaken different activities in order to promote Nepal as a must visit destination. We have abundant resources for which the country enjoys competitive advantages. Tourism represent one among such sectors which could rebuild the image of the country bringing back multifaceted benefit to the country and the people at large it also emerged as an exemplary model for the Nepalese economy and represent around 4% to the country GDP and is also a major source of employment, it has developed as an independent sector of the economy heavily involving the Nepalese private sector. Travel agencies are among such private sector wings which are responsible to bring or has contributed to great extent to invite lots of tourist from all over the world. So to great extent promotion of tourism by these travel agencies has direct correlation with the inflow of tourist in Nepal. In order to find the perception of travel agencies regarding internet marketing prospect practiced in tourism sector. Pravaha Vol. 24, No. 1, 2018, Page: 137-146
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Maharjan, Pushpa. "Culture for Creativity in Hospitality Industry in Nepal." PYC Nepal Journal of Management 9, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pycnjm.v9i1.41123.
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This paper examines the relationships between the culture and creativity in the business enterprises of sectors such as hotel, travel and trekking agencies. The survey was conducted in the month of November 2015 in Kathmandu valley. The data analysis was based on data collected from self-administered questionnaires. Of the 150 questionnaires distributed to the respondent-employees, 126 responses were usable making the response rate of 84 percent. The study concludes that collaboration is more important factor than trust and learning for creativity in Nepalese hotels, travel and trekking agencies.
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Bajracharya, Ashim Ratna, Sudha Shrestha, and Hans Skotte. "Linking Travel Behavior and Urban Form with Travel Energy Consumption for Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." Journal of Urban Planning and Development 146, no. 3 (September 2020): 05020008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000590.
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Dahal, Rajiv. "COVID-19, Tourism, and Nepalese Leisure Travelers’ Willingness to Travel." Journal of Tourism & Adventure 3, no. 1 (September 21, 2020): 92–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jota.v3i1.31358.
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The paper aims to explore and understand COVID-19 and its effect on tourism in Nepal. More specifically, the study intends to find out Nepalese leisure travelers’ past traveling behavior and their willingness to travel once the government of Nepal relaxes the COVID-19 related lockdown and measures. The study used exploratory research design and used a survey method to find out respondents’ opinions on aspects of COVID-19 and tourism. The use of convenience sampling for collecting responses yielded 316 responses through email and social media platforms that lasted for three weeks in June - July 2020. The research revealed that most of the respondents are less affected by COVID-19 and are willing to take a holiday/vacation once there is relaxation of the COVID-19 measures. The majority of the respondents believed tourism as a significant part of the Nepalese economy, and expected tourism in Nepal would recover from the COVID situation.
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Sharma, Sabal, and David Levinson. "Travel cost and dropout from secondary schools in Nepal." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 130 (December 2019): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.09.010.
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Thapa, Arjun K. "Recreational Demand for Fewa Lake: An Application of Travel Cost Method." Economic Literature 11 (May 9, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/el.v11i0.14867.
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<p>Economic valuation of non-market commodities like the recreational amenities provided by national parks, lakes, zoos and sanctuaries is complex and new in Nepal. In this study it is intended to analyze the recreational demand of Fewa Lake by using individual travel cost method. Fifty Nepali visitors were interviewed by administering close ended questionnaire schedule. Most of the respondents were urban unmarried males with secondary and above qualifications, earning a monthly income of around rupees ten thousand. The regression result shows cost of travelling, income, age, * education and location as the major determinants of demand for Fewa Lake’s recreational amenities. The consumer surplus was estimated to be Rs. 18.5 per Nepali visitor per trip. It can be inferred that a provision of entry fee along with quality enhancement would attract more visitors and generate revenue for this Lake. </p><p><strong>Economic Literature,</strong> Vol. XI (54-59), June 2013 </p>
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Sthapit, Arhan, and Ishwor Khadka. "Social Media Marketing in Nepal: A Study of Travel Intermediaries of the Kathmandu Valley." PYC Nepal Journal of Management 9, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pycnjm.v9i1.36179.
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The paper examines the status of social media marketing activities in Nepal in the context of that of travel intermediaries in the Kathmandu Valley, and specifically probes into three key areas: use of social media in travel intermediary business, influence of social media on customers and customers’ response to social media sites (SMSs). Adopting a mixed study approach, the paper made use of both primary surveys (on travel intermediaries and customers between March-May, 2016) and secondary data search from the former’s SMSs for which a convenience sampling technique was used to choose the intermediaries from the Thamel area, the main travel tourism business hub of Nepal. The study found constant rise in the use of social media by travel intermediaries in communicating about product and price, which customers also most look for and respond to. Facebook alone and Facebook in combination with other social media was most popular among both intermediaries and customers; and SMSs are influential in making most customers buy the mixed category of travel products. What of the SMSs influences the customers most is the recall factor of the sought product information and comments and reviews. The findings can be useful to the travel managers in strengthening their social media marketing.
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Baniya, Rojan, Brijesh Thapa, and Min-Seong Kim. "Corporate Social Responsibility Among Travel and Tour Operators in Nepal." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102771.
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Travel and tour operators (TTOs) have become increasingly and positively engaged in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) due to increased consumer awareness and responsible business practices. However, CSR engagement has not fully permeated the travel and tourism industry in Nepal as it is still considered ambiguous. There is a need to identify baseline knowledge, and to institute programs and policies for CSR engagement. This study formulated a conceptual model to empirically test the relationship between perceptions of CSR (comparative, benefits and favorability) and its association with the importance, participation and future engagement intentions among TTOs in Nepal. Data were collected via a questionnaire among TTO (n = 138) that were registered with the National Association of Tour and Travel Agents. Based on the results, CSR was deemed to be important due to customers’ favorability toward organizations that implemented related activities. This relationship influenced CSR participation and subsequently led to future intentions to engage. Overall, it was apparent that the TTOs which were essentially small and medium enterprises were focused on CSR implementation largely due to customers’ pressure and/or demand. This study provides knowledge to devise appropriate strategies to drive CSR implementation in the tourism industry via TTO in Nepal.
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Li, Kevin, Kajal Mehta, Ada Wright, Joohee Lee, Manish Yadav, Tam N. Pham, Shankar M. Rai, Kiran Nakarmi, and Barclay Stewart. "Identifying Hospitals in Nepal for Acute Burn Care and Stabilization Capacity Development: Location-Allocation Modeling for Strategic Service Delivery." Journal of Burn Care & Research 42, no. 4 (April 23, 2021): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab064.
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Abstract In Nepal, preventable death and disability from burn injuries are common due to poor population-level spatial access to organized burn care. Most severe burns are referred to a single facility nationwide, often after suboptimal burn stabilization and/or significant care delay. Therefore, we aimed to identify existing first-level hospitals within Nepal that would optimize population-level access as “burn stabilization points” if their acute burn care capabilities are strengthened. A location-allocation model was created using designated first-level candidate hospitals, a population density grid for Nepal, and road network/travel speed data. Six models (A–F) were developed using cost-distance and network analyses in ArcGIS to identify the three vs five candidate hospitals at ≤2, 6, and 12 travel-hour thresholds that would optimize population-level spatial access. The baseline model demonstrated that currently 20.3% of the national population has access to organized burn care within 2 hours of travel, 37.2% within 6 travel-hours, and 72.6% within 12 travel-hours. If acute burn stabilization capabilities were strengthened, models A to C of three chosen hospitals would increase population-level burn care access to 45.2, 89.4, and 99.8% of the national population at ≤2, 6, and 12 travel-hours, respectively. In models D to F, five chosen hospitals would bring access to 53.4, 95.0, and 99.9% of the national population at ≤2, 6, and 12 travel-hours, respectively. These models demonstrate developing capabilities in three to five hospitals can provide population-level spatial access to acute burn care for most of Nepal’s population. Organized efforts to increase burn stabilization points are feasible and imperative to reduce the rates of preventable burn-related death and disability country-wide.
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Bhattarai, Subash Kumar. "Pokhara-Butwal Expressway for Socio-Economic Benefits." Journal of Advanced Research in Construction and Urban Architecture 6, no. 4 (September 30, 2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.9925.202112.
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Among the various tourist destination of Small world Nepal, Pokhara and Lumbini are the two most visited places by people, inside as well as outside the country. Pokhara, the beauty of Nepal serves as the capital of Gandaki Province. Pokhara is also considered as the tourism capital in Nepal. Within 30 kilometers (19 miles), the elevation rises from 850 to 7,500 meters. Among the total tourist entering Nepal, more than 20% of them visit PokharaLumbini, the birthplace of Gautam Buddha is a Buddhist pilgrimage site in Rupandehi District of Province - 5. Lumbini has several ancient temples, including the Mayadevi Temple and various new temples, funded by Buddhist organizations from various countries. Most of them have been completed while others are still under construction, which has been encouraging pilgrimage tourism in Nepal. Siddhartha highway connects Mahendra highway at Butwal with a total length of 181 m. It connects Pokhara and Lumbini. The road remains in such a terrible condition that even light vehicles cannot ply on it. Drivers have a hard time operating public buses on the route, as the potholes are so large that they have almost reduced the highway into a one-lane road.At present the travel time from Pokhara to Butwal through Siddhartha Highway is 6 hours with high number of bends increasing the chances of accidents on the road. There have been many cases of vehicles colliding and off-tracking from the road towards the river. To minimize the travel time as well as the distance of travel, we came up with an idea of “Pokhara - Butwal Expressway”.
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Bhandari, Dila Ram. "Tourism Demand Analysis Using Probabilistic Travel Model: A Study In Pokhara." Pravaha 24, no. 1 (June 12, 2018): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pravaha.v24i1.20226.
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Tourism is now one of the largest industries in the world that has developed alongside the fascinating concept of eco-tourism. Nepal Tourism Policy 2009 identifies tourism sector as an important vehicle for economic and social development. Revenue from tourism sector is observed from foreign currency exchange made by tourists and tourism industries as proxy of income. According to Tourism Towards 2030, the number of international tourist arrivals worldwide is expected to increase by an average of 3.3% a year over the period 2010 to 2030. At the projected rate of growth, international tourist arrivals worldwide are expected to reach 1.4 billion by 2020, and 1.8 billion by the year 2030. Nepal aims to transform its tourism sector into one of the largest foreign exchange earners in 2016 by attracting 2.5 million high spending tourists. Tourism was ranked as the fifth largest source of foreign exchange earnings in 2012 and third largest in 2013 contributing 5.2 percent to total foreign earnings of the country. This study shows the tourism infrastructure as well as seasonal arrival of tourists in Nepal and to develop the probabilistic travel model on the basis of tourist perception which will help the tourism department for the further economic development of the area. R-Studio based on data from the sample period from 2008 to 2016. The formula presented in this study can be used by policy makers to calculate future foreign exchange earnings, employment, arrivals and prices related to tourism in Nepal. Pravaha Vol. 24, No. 1, 2018, Page: 58-63
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Shrestha, Tara Lal, Bidhya Shrestha, and Sangeeta Lama. "Solo woman travel in Nepal: A study of Swo-Yatra." Journal of Gender, Culture and Society 1, no. 1 (September 24, 2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jgcs.2021.1.1.1.
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This paper, qualitative in nature, aims to explore the experience of solo woman travellers who were selected in solo travel challenge of Swo-Yatra. For the study purpose, 15 solo female travellers among 50 have been studied in terms of diverse identities, destinations and challenges they faced during their solo trips. There are several difficulties within the gender stereotypes in the Nepalese social structure. Women have not stopped travelling solo; rather, more solo women travellers are participating in the challenge. Despite various limitations, the fragments of their experiences are worthwhile to initiate the narratives of self-discovery and inner freedom of women in Nepal.
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Cao, Wen-Rui, Prabin Shakya, Biraj Karmacharya, Dong Roman Xu, Yuan-Tao Hao, and Ying-Si Lai. "Equity of geographical access to public health facilities in Nepal." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 10 (October 2021): e006786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006786.
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IntroductionGeographical accessibility is important against health equity, particularly for less developed countries as Nepal. It is important to identify the disparities in geographical accessibility to the three levels of public health facilities across Nepal, which has not been available.MethodsBased on the up-to-date dataset of Nepal formal public health facilities in 2021, we measured the geographical accessibility by calculating the travel time to the nearest public health facility of three levels (ie, primary, secondary and tertiary) across Nepal at 1×1 km2 resolution under two travel modes: walking and motorised. Gini and Theil L index were used to assess the inequality. Potential locations of new facilities were identified for best improvement of geographical efficiency or equality.ResultsBoth geographical accessibility and its equality were better under the motorised mode compared with the walking mode. If motorised transportation is available to everyone, the population coverage within 5 min to any public health facilities would be improved by 62.13%. The population-weighted average travel time was 17.91 min, 39.88 min and 69.23 min and the Gini coefficients 0.03, 0.18 and 0.42 to the nearest primary, secondary and tertiary facilities, respectively, under motorised mode. For primary facilities, low accessibility was found in the northern mountain belt; for secondary facilities, the accessibility decreased with increased distance from the district centres; and for tertiary facilities, low accessibility was found in most areas except the developed areas like zonal centres. The potential locations of new facilities differed for the three levels of facilities. Besides, the majority of inequalities of geographical accessibility were from within-province.ConclusionThe high-resolution geographical accessibility maps and the assessment of inequality provide valuable information for health resource allocation and health-related planning in Nepal.
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Baniya, Rojan, and Kripa Rajak. "Attitude, Motivation and Barriers for CSR Engagement among Travel and Tour Operators in Nepal." Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education 10 (May 3, 2020): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jthe.v10i0.28733.
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The surging interest of tourists in responsible business practices and their global popularity is making CSR imperative for tourism SMEs, including TTOs of Nepal. Consequently, there has been a rise in CSR engagements among tourism SMEs in developing countries. Nonetheless, due to limited attention by researchers, knowledge about their CSR engagement is scant. The same is also true for TTOs residing in Nepal. In such a scenario, it is prudent to generate an understanding of CSR engagement of Nepali TTOs. For this reason, this exploratory study investigated various dynamics of CSR engagement among TTOs (n=141) registered in the National Association of Tour and Travel Agents through a paper-based survey. The results showed that half of TTOs claimed that they had incorporated CSR in their mission and strategy; they exhibited positive attitudes about the benefits of CSR to businesses, customers’ favorability towards businesses simple menting CSR, and the need for a higher value to CSR within the tourism industry. Societal benefits and wellbeing, and the opportunity to market their image among customers motivated them to engage in CSR, whereas lack of resources and knowledge restrained them. Three fourth of them claimed to practice CSR of some sort, and most of them intended to continue their CSR engagement in the future. Collectively, TTOs had a positive outlook towards CSR. However, there are some deterrents for them to engage in CSR. This study provides valuable baseline insights to formulate the right plans and policies to influence CSR employment by TTOs, ultimately leading to sustainable tourism.
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Gupta, Sandeep, Saroj Pokhrel, Saraswoti Neupane, and Prativa Pandey. "Spectrum of Dermatological Manifestations among Travelers Presenting at aTravel Medicine Center in Western Nepal." Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v17i1.23386.
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Introduction: Skin disorders are among the most common reasons for travelers to seek medical care during and after travel. There is limited data on the spectrum of dermatoses reported among travelers during travel especially in South Asian continent.
Objective: To review the spectrum of skin disorder manifested among the traveler population attending a travel medicine hospital in western Nepal.
Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective study of the travelers visiting The Canadian International Water and Energy Consultants (CIWEC) Hospital, and Travel Medicine Center in Pokhara with history of skin disorders. This study was done from September 2014 until December 2015.
Results: A total of 130 (14.7%) patients presenting with dermatological manifestations were enrolled in the study. The most common diagnoses were bacterial skin infections 0.4%, arthropod bites 3.6% followed by animal bites and skin laceration due to trauma,each were 12.1%. Among patients with bacterial skin and soft tissue infections, pus culture and sensitivity were recorded in 13 patients. In almost fifty percent of our sample Staphylococcus aureus growth was seen, of which 38.5% were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Conclusion: Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections, arthropod bites and animal bites were common reasons for travelers to seek medical consultations during travel in Nepal. This information will be useful for the medicine professionals while taking care of travelers and also while providing pre-travel consultation to the prospective travelers.
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Dhakal, Keshav Raj. "An Analysis of the Tourism in Nepal Trend of Tourist Arrivals." Third Pole: Journal of Geography Education 13 (November 13, 2014): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v13i0.11546.
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Tourism is the travel of people from one place to another; whether it is within their own country or to other countries. It is naturally a human character. Attraction is the most causative element of tourism. Various natural and cultural heritages of Nepal, its diverse topography, varied climate, its diverse flora and fauna, different shrines and temples, jungle safari and trekking attract tourists in Nepal. This study uses the data of the Nepal tourism statistics 2012published by Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation. The Rana ruler isolated Nepal from external influences for a hundred and four years. During that period, Nepal was a ‘forbidden land’ for foreigners. Tourism in Nepal was promoted after the establishment of democracy in 1951. Tourists’ influx shows a steady trend in different periods in Nepal. The average length of stay of tourist is not so long. The tourist flow in Nepal is generally confined during the spring and autumn seasons. The recent trend of tourists' arrival in Nepal seems satisfactoryDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ttp.v13i0.11546The Third PoleVol. 13, 2013page : 46-53
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Algallai, Noha, Kelly Martin, Krupali Shah, Kusum Shrestha, Jean Daneault, Abha Shrestha, Archana Shrestha, and Shristi Rawal. "Reliability and Validity of a Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Adapted for Use Among Pregnant Women in Nepal." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac061.001.
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Abstract Objectives Here we aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of an adapted version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) among a sample of pregnant women in Dhulikhel, Nepal. Methods A pilot cohort of singleton pregnant women (N = 101; age 25.9 ± 4.1 years) was recruited from a tertiary, periurban hospital in Nepal. An adapted Nepali version of the GPAQ was administered in this sample to gather information about sedentary behavior (SB) as well as levels of moderate and vigorous PA across work/domestic tasks, travel (walking/bicycling), and recreational activities, and was administered twice and a month apart in both the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Responses on the GPAQ were used to determine SB (min/day) and total moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA; min/week) across all domains. GPAQ was validated against PA data collected by a triaxial accelerometer (Axivity AX3; UK) worn by a subset of the subjects (n = 21) for seven consecutive days in the 2nd trimester. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Spearman's rho were used to assess the reliability and validity of the GPAQ. Results Almost all of the PA in the sample was attributed to moderate activity during work/domestic tasks or travel. On average, total MVPA was higher by 50 minutes/week in the 2nd trimester as compared to the 3rd trimester. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, almost all of the participants were classified as having a low or moderate level of PA. PA scores for all domains showed moderate to good reliability across both the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, with ICCs ranging from 0.45 (95%CI: (0.17, 0.64)) for travel PA 2nd trimester to 0.69 (95%CI: (0.51, 0.80)) for travel PA 3rd trimester. Agreement for total MVPA was higher in the 3rd trimester compared to 2nd trimester [ICCs 0.62 (0.40, 0.75) vs. 0.55 (0.32, 0.70)], whereas the opposite was true for SB [ICCs 0.48 (0.19, 0.67) vs. 0.64 (0.46, 0.76)]. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing total MVPA and SB from the GPAQ to those derived from accelerometer counts. There was moderate agreement between the GPAQ and accelerometer for total MVPA [ICC = 0.55 (0.0, 0.8)] while the agreement between the two was poor for SB [ICC = 0.35 (0.0, 0.7)]. Conclusions The modified GPAQ appears to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing moderate PA, but not SB, among pregnant women in Nepal. Funding Sources NIH/FIC; Rutgers Global Health Institute.
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Zurick, David N. "Adventure Travel and Sustainable Tourism in the Peripheral Economy of Nepal." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82, no. 4 (December 1992): 608–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1992.tb01720.x.
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Oliván-Gonzalvo, Gonzalo. "Medical Problems of Internationally Adopted Children from Nepal." Scientific Research Journal of Clinical and Medical Sciences 2, no. 01 (January 31, 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47310/srjcms.2022.v02i01.006.
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Background: Spain is one of the main countries in the world in international adoption, and Nepali children account for 0.8% of all adoptees. According to United Nations, Nepal is a poorly developed country. Due to the quality of medical care that Nepali children receive in orphanages, it has been reported that the diagnoses described in the pre-adoptive medical reports do not offer an absolute guarantee of accuracy, and sometimes these reports are not provided to adoptive families. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological characteristics, pre-adoptive history, and medical problems observed in the post-adoption evaluation in a cohort of children adopted from Nepal. Material and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study on 11 Nepali adopted children from 2005 to 2011, examined according to a standardized protocol. Variables were collected from pre-adoption medical reports, interviews with the family, and post-adoption evaluation records. Results: Epidemiological characteristics and pre-adoptive history: females, 63.6%; all were abandoned and adopted from orphanages; mean age at institutionalization was 32 months, and at adoption was 55 months. 72.7% had a pre-adoptive medical report, and all were diagnosed as "healthy". 54.5% had a vaccination certificate. Medical problems most frequent diagnosed in post-adoption evaluation were iron deficiency anemia (72.7%), xerosis cutis (54.4%), neurodevelopmental delay (45.5%), underweight and stunting (36.4%), and acute bronchitis (36.4%). Only one child had a serious problem (cerebral palsy). The BCG vaccination scar was present in 81.8%. 72.7% showed vaccination immunity against hepatitis B virus. Conclusion: The pre-adoption medical information for the Nepali children was unreliable, and all showed more than one medical problem in the post-adoption evaluation. Adoptive families should seek pre-travel specialized medical advice regarding the medical reports and health of the child to be adopted, the updating of routine immunizations, and the destination-specific health problems.
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Khanal, Kapil. "Customer Relation Practices and it's Impact on Customer Satisfaction in Travel & Tour Business (A Case Study of Kathmandu Valley)." Journal of Balkumari College 9, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbkc.v9i1.30065.
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Objective: To understand customer relation practices of Travel & Tour Businesses and measure the customer satisfaction through survey.
Methods and Materials: Customer relation practices were recorded through semi-structured interviews and observation of travel agencies in Kathmandu. Furthermore, 119 customer feedbacks from the three agencies were gathered. Feedback was gathered by using a questionnaire. Research is based up on primary data. Simple random sampling technique is used to collect data. Descriptive as well as explorative research designs were used to analyze the data.
Results and Conclusion: "Details given to Clients" and "Accurate Information" are the first important factors for travel agents. Attraction of the place and recommendation of travel agent are insignificant. Travel & Tour Business is a part of Tourism Industry which is largest industry in Nepal.
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Sudmeier-Rieux, Karen, Brian G. McAdoo, Sanjaya Devkota, Purna Chandra Lal Rajbhandari, John Howell, and Shuva Sharma. "Invited perspectives: Mountain roads in Nepal at a new crossroads." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 3 (March 29, 2019): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-655-2019.
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Abstract. In Nepal and many developing countries around the world, roads are vehicles for development for communities in rural areas. By reducing travel time on foot, opportunities are opened for quicker transportation of goods and better access to employment, education, health care and markets. Roads also fuel migration and numerous social changes, both positive and negative. Poorly constructed roads in mountainous areas of Nepal have increased erosion and landslide risk as they often cut through fragile geology, destabilizing slopes and altering local hydrological conditions, with costs to lives and livelihoods. The convergence of the newly constituted decentralized Nepali government with China's Belt and Road Initiative is likely to bring more roads to rural communities. The new provincial government administrations now have the opportunity to develop policies and practices, which can realign the current trend of poorly engineered, inefficient and hazardous road construction toward a more sustainable trajectory. This commentary provides an overview of some of the obstacles along the way for a more sustainable road network in Nepal and illustrates how good governance, development and landslide risk are intertwined. The opinion presented in this brief commentary lends little hope that Nepal's current pathway of unsustainable road construction will provide the country with the much-needed sustainable road network, unless checks and balances are put in place to curb noncompliance with existing laws and policies.
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Goet, Joginder. "Impact of Push and Pull Factors on Domestic Tourism Motivation in Nepal." Management Dynamics 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/md.v24i2.50034.
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This study aims to investigate the link between push and pull variables and domestic travel motivation, as well as the effects of these elements. The research has used primary sources of data. A well-structured questionnaire was designed to collect data from 260 respondents. The convenience sampling technique was used to select a sample for the study. Moreover, Cronbach's Alpha was assessed to test reliability. The correlational and casual research designs were used. The findings revealed a positive and significant relationship between push and pull factors and domestic tourism motivation and push and pull factors have a significant impact on domestic tourism motivation. This study is useful for those travel owners and managers who want to grab markets. This research suggests a model that enhances push and pull factors through domestic tourism motivation in Nepal.
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Kunwar, Bhim Bahadur. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism: A Case Study of Lumbini, Nepal." Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 12, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v12i1.35675.
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This research aims to discover and present the impacts of COVID-19 in tourism in the context of Lumbini and its premises. As COVID-19 spread globally, it has created many challenges in health and security, daily lives, the national economy, and the global tourism industry. The COVID-19 outbreak has been considered as the most challenging tragedy that occurred in the world after the 2nd world war. The World Health Organization (WHO) had listed Nepal also as a country with a high-risk zone of COVID-19.The travel restriction and nationwide lock-down implemented by many countries including Nepal have resulted in a stranded traveler’s movement. As the consequences ticket reservation, flight services, transportation, hotel, and restaurants were closed and several job losses were registered in the tourism sector. The negative effects like fear, threat, frustration, and losing the confidence of tourism entrepreneurs appeared. This has brought changes in the tourists’ behavior and their motivation to travel for the next few years. In Lumbini businesses like lodges, hotels, restaurants, and travel offices were also severely affected by the pandemic. Thus, the tourism sector has been facing serious threats due to the prolonged lockdown and closing of tourism activities than the terror of COVID-19 itself.
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Sapkota, Naniram. "Critiquing the Concept and Practices of Domestic Tourism in Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 3, no. 1 (November 2, 2022): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njhtm.v3i1.49184.
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Nepal is a very rich country in terms of its natura beauty along with cultural variety. It has been an attraction for not only the foreigners but also domestic travellers. However, the contribution of domestic tourism in the development of this sector has been overlooked. After the Covid-19 pandemic, domestic tourism is in the stage of commercialisation. In this context, this paper aims to critique the concept and practices of domestic tourism in Nepal in view of the analysis of the existing problems and prospects in fostering domestic tourism in Nepal. This study is based on reviewing the various related literatures. The study finds lack of strategic plan, lack of meaningful collaboration and consensus in policy development among the various tiers and actors of the government, less travel culture of the people, inadequate infrastructures, insufficient organisation, lack of forward and backward linkages and human resource capability as major problems whereas natural and cultural diversities, increasing focus of different tiers of government, popularisation of new destinations through social media, growing interest in domestic tourism, indefinite pandemic, growing travel culture in urban areas, popularity of home stays, growing number of skilled manpower in the sector are the prospects of domestic tourism in our country.
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Vickery, Michelle, and Edwin Van Teijlingen. "Female infanticide in India and its relevance to Nepal." Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 9, 2018): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v3i1.19181.
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This paper offers a sociological analysis of female infanticide in India with the aim of provoking readers to consider similar issues in Nepal. India and Nepal have a close relationship; their citizens are able to travel freely between the two countries and they share many similarities in their cultural, religious and social traditions. This has meant that people and ideas are easily exchanged between the two, making it necessary to consider the Indian phenomenon of female infanticide in Nepalese context.Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 3, No. 1, 2017, page: 79-85
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Humagain, Parbat. "Contribution of E-Marketing for the Income Generation in Travel Agencies of Nepal." Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research 3, no. 1 (July 14, 2019): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbssr.v3i1.24840.
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The major objective of this study is to examine the relationship between internet marketing usage and its contribution for the income generation in travel agencies of Nepal. The research is descriptive in nature and is an applied research. The research is based on quantitative data. The populations for the study are the basically owners, chairman and managers of travel agencies and the sample size consists of 120 respondents. The data for the research are collected through primary source of data collection method that includes questionnaire. The research is also carried out with the help of secondary data as we need to study related theories to make research more insightful. Descriptive as well as inferential analyses have been done for the data to be analyzed. Frequency tables are analyzed through SPSS 16.0 and are used for descriptive analysis. Chi- Square test, and Hypothesis Testing (t-test) and Correlation have been done for inferential analysis. The data analysis is of cross sectional in nature. The survey resulted that, there is a strong correlation between internet marketing uses and increase in return on equity, increase in average sales volume and general increase in company income in travel agencies of Nepal. There exists a strong correlation between increases in return on equity and reduction in operating costs, increase average sales volume and general increase in profit margin of the business. From the research, it is noted that there are several benefits obtained from incorporating the internet in marketing strategies. Therefore, the travel agencies should utilize more internet marketing methods and try to incorporate the internet in all their marketing strategies in order to fully enjoy the benefits of internet marketing. Since internet coverage is increasing through the introduction of mobile internet, marketing on the internet becomes a critical factor concerning the company income.
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Nepal, Mani, Rajesh Rai, Saudamini Das, Laxmi Bhatta, Rajan Kotru, Madan Khadayat, Ranbeer Rawal, and G. Negi. "Valuing Cultural Services of the Kailash Sacred Landscape for Sustainable Management." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 3638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103638.
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Hindu Kush Himalaya is home to many cultural and religious sites. The literature on the valuation of cultural sites in the mountain terrains is thin. Hence, their development and sustainability are often ignored. Using primary survey data from three different sites in the Kailash Sacred Landscape of India and Nepal, the cultural value of religious sites to the visitors and households living in the surrounding areas was estimated using a modified travel cost method. As visitors travel by foot and offer donations at the religious sites, the estimations account for these aspects in travel cost calculations. For the sample sites, the per year average use value of cultural services was estimated to be USD 2.9 million. Excluding the use value to the outside visitors, the annual estimated use value of cultural services to the approximately 200,000 households of the entire KSL area, which covers 31,252 km2, is over USD 22.6 million, which is over 7% and 15% of the per capita income of Indian and Nepali households, respectively, indicating the importance of the natural-cultural environments in rural livelihoods. The estimated values will help planners manage these cultural sites sustainably for improving the livelihoods of the people living in the area.
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Ulak, Nimesh. "Prospect of Pilgrimage Tourism in Namo Buddha Area, Kavre." Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v13i1.42039.
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This paper tries to find out the prospect of pilgrimage tourism at Namo Buddha, Kavre, Nepal. There is found limited academic work on pilgrimage tourism in Nepal; however, no evidence of study could be traced on Namo Buddha that is based on pilgrimage tourism perspective. A pilgrimage is an ancient form of religious travel where people make a journey to the place of their belief for experiencing spirituality. Namo Buddha is one of the sacred Buddhist shrines and important pilgrimage sites for Buddhists as they believe the relics of the previous life of Lord Buddha are kept at Namo Buddha Stūpa. Namo Buddha stūpa is also considered to be one of the holiest stūpas in Nepal including Svayambhu Stūpa (Svayambhu Mahachaitya) and the Bodhnath Stūpa (Khasti Mahachaitya). This stūpa commemorates the Buddha Śakyamuni’s sacrifice of his body to a starving tigress and her cubs in his previous life. Nepali people call this site Namo Buddha, Newars call Namo Buddha as Namura and Tibetans call it as Takmo Lu Jin. The place has a huge potential to attract both Buddhist and Hindu pilgrims including international tourists from all over the world. This place offers other attractions and activities besides pilgrimage-based elements such as sightseeing of heritage town; spectacular Himalayan ranges; paddy field terrains; hilly forests; soft adventures experience; and so on. Religious tourism and pilgrimage tourism are interchangeably used in this study and the paper is based on both the primary and secondary data. Exploratory research has been carried out to examine the religious and economic benefits of pilgrims at this site. It also tried to investigate locals’ perspectives on pilgrimage tourism development. Meanwhile, this paper not only studied prospects of pilgrimage tourism in Namo Buddha but also attempted to find out and highlight how the Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the destination.
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Russell, Andrew. "Writing Traveling Cultures: Travel and Ethnography amongst the Yakkha of East Nepal." Ethnos 72, no. 3 (September 2007): 361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141840701576976.
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Dutta, Goutam, Sumeetha Natesan, and Chhaya Singh. "Utility Function for Airline Travel in Nepal and Its Comparison with India." International Journal of Revenue Management 11, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2019.10019731.
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Natesan, Sumeetha, Chhaya Singh, and Goutam Dutta. "Utility function for airline travel in Nepal and its comparison with India." International Journal of Revenue Management 11, no. 1/2 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijrm.2019.103010.
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Thapa, Raksha, E. Van Teijlingen, P. Regmi, and V. Heaslip. "Uptake of Health Services by People from the Dalit Community." Journal of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbpkihs.v1i2.22072.
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Studies and reports on uptake of health services in Nepal and other low-income countries often focus on limitations due to physical factors, such as travel distance to health facility, or lack of medical facilities or electricity at the health care centre or focus on resources, such as lack of service providers, or lack of appropriately trained staff.
In this editorial article, we highlight the importance of discrimination as a reason for people not seeking available health care. Discrimination is particularly a barrier to service usage among the most deprived people in society, such as the Dalit community in Nepal and South Asia more generally. We discuss the caste-based discrimination in Nepal and its effects on health outcomes of those groups who experience such discrimination.
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Bhattarai, Bal Ram, and Manoch Prompanyo. "Exploration of Entrepreneur’s Challenges to Cope with Nepalese Tourism Market Dynamics." Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 01 (December 31, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v10i01.42582.
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Change is inevitable in every sphere of human life; tourism activities are rapidly changing than other activities. The Nepalese tourism industry has also brought changes in different aspects, how those changes are perceived by the entrepreneurs of the industry is the main concern of the study. The primary objective of this study is to explore the dimensions of tourismmarket dynamics and entrepreneur’s readiness to cope with the perceived challenges. A qualitative framework has been adopted of an in-depth interview with leading entrepreneurial personalities of the tourism industry of Nepal. Representing hospitality, catering, trekking, and travel with at least 20 years of experience in tourism-related activities are considered as the true representation to collect primary data. Manual thematic content analysis has been employed to generate the theme of the interview. Major changes in customer expectation because of the market shift, technological advancement but not appropriate application, lacking experienced trained human resources, and travel-related inconvenience are the major challenges for tourism entrepreneurs of Nepal.
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Khattri, Man Bahadur. "Building national security through human security: Seasonal migration from Upper Mustang." Unity Journal 1 (February 1, 2020): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/unityj.v1i0.35697.
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Migration is one of the essential social-cultural phenomena of human being around the world. Seasonal migration is one of the human security dimensions directly related to the national security of a country. This paper explores the human security dimension closely related to seasonal migration and national security which has reasons, processes, and destinations of the Lobas of Upper Mustang, Nepal. The survey, interview, and field observation (Upper Mustang, Western Hills of Nepal and Vanarashi, India) were the principal methods of data collection. The findings of the research are that both married males and females having agriculture and livestock occupations of the large family go for seasonal migration from Upper Mustang, Nepal. The dominant age group of migrants is 20-50 years. The level of literacy, language efficiency, and social network plays a determining role in choosing the destination and period of stay out. They usually migrate to a group and use multiple modes of transportation for their travel. For business, they use the social network. They rent a room to live in. For business investment, they use mostly their own money and some they borrow from moneylenders. They not only work themselves also employ Nepali speaking youths in Vanarashi. Their property in Upper Mustang is taken care of mostly by their family members. They bring cash and kind as their earning while returning home.
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Poudel, Ak Narayan, David Newlands, and Padam Simkhada. "Economic Burden of HIV/AIDS upon Households in Nepal: A Critical Review." Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 5, no. 3 (October 5, 2015): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v5i3.13608.
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Thousands of people are infected with HIV/AIDS in Nepal and most of them are adults of working age. Therefore, HIV/AIDS is a big burden in Nepal. This review was conducted to find the existing knowledge gap about the economic burden of HIV/AIDS at the household level in Nepal, the extent of economic burden exerted by the disease, and to provide policy recommendations. It is concluded that there was a considerable knowledge gap about the issue, and the economic burden exerted by HIV/AIDS was big enough to push the affected households into poverty. It is suggested that more studies need to be conducted to fill the knowledge gap. Similarly, Government of Nepal and other organisations working in the field of HIV/AIDS need to provide economic supports (e.g.- support for travel costs) to the HIV positive people and need to increase the awareness level among general population for reducing stigma and discrimination, and reducing economic burden on them.
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Shah, S., H. Dasgupta, and S. Debgupta. "Analyzing the impact of Сovid-19 on the hotel industry in Nepal." CARDIOMETRY, no. 22 (May 25, 2022): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2022.22.244250.
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COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the tourism and hospitality sectors across the globe. Due to the increase in the number of COVID positive cases, governments of countries have imposed strict lockdown globally as a precautionary measure to control the spread of the coronavirus, which has led to restrictions on travel and mobility of individuals from one place to the other. One of the countries that have been severely affected due to the lockdown is the economy of Nepal. Being a tourist-friendly nation, every year, Nepal’s tourism and hospitality sector contributes significantly to its GDP. With a restriction on travel and cancellation of bookings, one of the most important departments under this sector, the hotel industry, is currently struggling to survive due to loss of revenue. The present study tries to understand the challenges and strategies planned by the hotel industry stakeholders in Nepal. A primary survey conducted with hoteliers from 10 hotels reveals major concerns about maintaining a steady financial performance and expectations for government aid to help this sector come back to normalcy.
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Gautam, Deepak, and Aarati Khatri. "COVID-19 Global Pandemic Lockdown Impact on Visit Nepal Year 2020: A Review." Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 12, no. 1 (March 13, 2021): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v12i1.35680.
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Tourism sector, a major backbone in revenue generation in Nepal having an immense potentiality is hardly hit by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic that has suspended Visit Nepal Year 2020, with a theme, an experience of a life-time. This remarkable campaign is also a national development strategy in the tourism history of Nepal which aimed at attracting around 2 million foreigners from all over the world. This article is designed to explore about COVID-19 Pandemic lockdown impacts on tourism industries and Visit Nepal year 2020 Campaign. For these, secondary literature available in Google Scholar, Research Gate and, recently published newspapers were accessed. The result shows that the unprecedented and uncertain lockdown stuck millions of people in their home, lower the economic activities of different sectors of the tourism industry including hotels, homestays, travel and tours, impact on remittance, a collapse of small industries and suspension of mega projects and many more. In addition to this, this paper aims at showcasing a strong correlation between lockdown and tourism industry with perspective from Nepal Tourism Board, Academic practitioner, Tourism Entrepreneurs, Nepal government, ministries, Economist and Analyst to revise the protocols and safety standard of the tourism industry to massively flourish and revive amidst the pandemic and even in the post-pandemic environment.
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Khanal, Bishnu Prasad. "Impact of the COVID-19 in Tourism Industry in Nepal and Policy Recommendation." Journal of Tourism & Adventure 3, no. 1 (September 21, 2020): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jota.v3i1.31357.
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For the first time in history, almost all the domestic and international tourism destinations have restrictions for travel worldwide because of corona virus pandemic. Corona virus disease calls the COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing problem in more than 210 countries in the world. The purpose of this study is to find the tourism impact of COVID-19 in Nepal and purpose recommendations for the preparation of evidence based policy and strategies for further development of the tourism industry in Nepal. Secondary data used in this study were obtained from the ministry of tourism in Nepal and other various web sources and primary data were collected from the online survey and collected 52 samples. They are involved in the hospitality, education & consulting, travel & tours, adventure & expedition, trekking agencies, and government officials from national tourism originations. The study highlights that the tourism contribution in Nepal’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as a significant sector that has a linkage with other sectors. Also, the Nepalese tourism industry is dependent on international factors and the Nepal tourism industry highly relies on foreign tourists and cancellation of the mountain climbing permits for the year 2020, affects the income of foreign currency as building the capacity of stakeholders and public-private partnership initiatives to promote and work together to develop and manage in future tourism fields. well as the local economy, the loss of thousands of jobs in the tourism sector and others sectors. Overall analyses suggest that building the capacity of stakeholders and public-private partnership initiatives to promote and work together to develop and manage in future tourism fields.
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Sudaram, Venugopal. "Attending 5th Varian Oncology Summit 2019: Learning Experiences as a Medical Physicist." Europasian Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46405/ejms.v1i1.1.
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The main objective of the conference was to provide insights into new innovation and technology-related products by Varian to its global users, thus aiming to facilitate better and advance treatment to every cancer patients. Varian organized this summit to create a platform for its users to share their experience and knowledge not only in India but also the neighbouring country such as Nepal, Bangladesh, etc. The need for radiotherapy center in our country Nepal has been growing rapidly yet there are only a few radiotherapy centers with less or not enough needed technical resources and manpower (Radiation oncologists (ROs), Medical physicists (MPs), Radiotherapy Technologists (RTT’s)). Many radiotherapy centers still followed basic treatment modality only. However, due to the lack of high-end treatment techniques such as Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), Stereotactic Radio Surgery (SRS) and Stereotactic Radio Therapy (SRT) in Nepal, it poses a great burden to patients as they have to travel outside the country to get better quality treatment. Keywords: IMRT, Medical Physicist, Nepal, Radiation Oncologist, Varian, VMAT
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Shrestha, Ashis, and Sumana Bajracharya. "Clinical characteristics of suspected COVID-19 admitted to the isolation ward of Patan Hospital, Nepal." Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v7i1.28844.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Understanding clinical characteristics of patient is important to plan human resource and logistics. Moreover, this gives understanding of pattern of disease. This study aim to find the clinical characteristics observed in patients with suspected COVID-19 admitted at Patan Hospital.
Method: This is cross sectional descriptive study conducted at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal, on April 2020. Suspected COVID-19 patient admitted from January 25 to April 20, 2020 is taken for the study. Record files were retrieved from record section and patient’s age, gender, place of residence, travel history, duration of symptom onset, symptoms on admission like fever, cough, rhinorrnoea, sore throat, myalgia and shortness of breath was recorded. Signs on admission like temperature, pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation were also recorded. Data were descriptive analyzed. Ethical approval was obtained.
Result: Total 40 suspected COVID-19 patients got admitted from 25 January to 20 April 2020. Of these admissions 25 (62.5%) were male, median age was 30 years, median days of return from abroad was 9 days, average duration of stay at hospital was 3.8 days. There were two COVID-19 positive patients who were asymptomatic.
Conclusion: Travel history and history of travel to the community inside the country where COVID-19 has been detected is important to suspect COVID-19.