Dissertations / Theses: 'Travel Perspectives'

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Borenstein, Bonnie Jill. "Perspectives on British middle class pleasure travel to Italy and Switzerland, 1860-1914." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37192.pdf.

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Nordström, Maria. "Is time money? Philosophical perspectives on the monetary valuation of travel time." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278152.

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This licentiate thesis consists of an introduction (‘kappa’) and three papers discussing various aspects of time as a commodity and the practice of valuing travel time. The first paper is an analysis of the properties of time as an economic resource taking into account literature on behavior with regard to time. The intent is to provide better understanding of the underlying assumption of transferability between time and money in the context of transportation. The second paper builds on the analysis in the first paper combined with the findings of a study of commuters travel experiences during disruptions in the train traffic on the Øresund strait between Sweden and Denmark. It contrasts the theoretical account of value of travel time with the experiences reported by commuters and argues that the view of travel time as strictly a disutility can be limiting from a planning perspective. Instead, it is argued that an alternative approach can be to make travel time ‘plannable’, meaning viewing travel time as time travellers can plan to spend in a certain way at a certain time. The third paper argues that the diversity of possible mobility solutions based on self-driving vehicles has been somewhat overlooked in the current literature on value of travel time. Thus, the complexity of valuing travel time for self-driving vehicles has not been fully addressed. The paper consists of a morphological analysis of the parameters that might impact value of travel time for self-driving vehicles and a deeper analysis of five plausible self-driving vehicle mobility concepts. It is claimed that not all such concepts can be easily mapped into transport modes and that it might be more appropriate to differentiate value of travel based on travel characteristics.
Denna licentiatavhandling består av en introduktion och treartiklar som på olika sätt berör värdering av restid. Vare sigvi vill det eller inte är vår vardag driven av och bunden av tid.Vi planerar vår tid, spenderar vår tid och stressar när tideninte räcker till. Det vi önskar, vill och måste göra tar tid; tidenvillkorar helt enkelt mycket i våra liv. Om det är så att vi villförflytta oss från en fysisk plats till en annan, kanske mellanhem och jobb eller skola, tar det tid. Den här specifika tiden,restiden, antas behövas på grund av behovet av att jobba, fikaeller handla, inte genom en önskan om att resa i sig (även omdet självklart finns resor vi gör för nöjes skull, där nöjet är självaresan). I och med att resan (och restiden) är nödvändig men intei sig önskvärd är det ett grundläggande antagande inom fältetför transportekonomi att människor vill minimera sin restid i såstor utsträckning som möjligt. Det är det här antagandet sommycket av planeringen och investeringarna i transporter grundarsig på. Genom att undersöka betalningsvilja hos resenärer kanman sätta ett monetärt värde på potentiellt insparad restid: tidblir pengar. Men är det verkligen så enkelt? Till att börja medär tid och pengar de facto inte samma sak. Vi kan inte sparatid på samma sätt som pengar utan sparad tid måste användasomedelbart. Det blir därmed rimligt att anta att vad man gör medden insparade tiden spelar roll eftersom tiden känns mer värd omden kan spenderas på något meningsfullt. Vad man har möjlighetatt göra beror ofta på sammanhanget och upplevs därför mindreflexibelt än när det gäller insparade pengar.Denna avhandling resonerar vidare kring frågor om förhållandetmellan tid och pengar, i synnerhet den vanligt förekommandeoch generellt accepterade monetära värderingen av restid. Tillviss del problematiserar avhandlingen antagandet att tid är pengar och frågar sig om inte för mycket fokus läggs på tidskvantitetframför tidskvalitet och att kan det vara värdefullt att reflekterakring vilka transportinvesteringar som detta gynnar. Syftet äratt undersöka om de vedertagna transportekonomiska modellersom tillämpas idag speglar sådant vi som samhälle värdesätteroch lyfta aspekter som möjligen förbises.Introduktionen till avhandlingen består av en metodologiskdiskussion kring filosofins roll i tvärvetenskapliga projekt, enöversiktlig teoretisk bakgrund till begrepp såsom rationalitetoch välfärdsekonomi och en genomgång av teman som på etteller annat sätt berör värdering av tid. Därefter sammanfattasartiklarna och introduktionen avslutas med slutsatser och ettavsnitt om möjliga framtida forskningsämnen.Den första artikeln i den här avhandlingen handlar om hurförhållandet mellan tid och pengar kan bättre förstås genom attutgå från tiden som det primära att värdesätta. Denna analysoch de insikter som analysen leder till kan därefter förklara ochbättre underbygga antaganden som görs vid modellering av beslutrörande tid. I artikeln analyseras egenskaper av tid i relation tillpengar som framkommit i beteendevetenskaplig och psykologiskforskning. I transportekonomi, likt traditionell mikroekonomi,utgår man från ett antagande om stabila rationella preferenser hosindivider. Givet skillnader mellan hur individer verkar resonerakring tid jämfört med pengar kan man dock ställa sig frågan omdet skulle kunna vara annorlunda att vara rationell med avseendepå tid jämfört med att vara rationell med avseende på pengar. Isynnerhet då det finns egenskaper hos tid som är så pass specifikaatt motsvarande egenskaper inte finns hos andra typer av objekteller varor. Sammantaget hävdar vi att det enkla förhållandetmellan tid och pengar inte är tillräckligt rättfärdigat i ljuset av defaktiska skillnaderna mellan tid och pengar som verkar föreligga.Den andra artikeln i avhandlingen rör upplevelser av restid ochförhållandet mellan upplevelsen och de teoretiska antagandenasom görs i transportekonomi. I artikeln analyserar vi upplevelser av restid hos resenärer som påverkades av det plötsliga införandetav identitetskontroller vid resor mellan Sverige och Danmark 2015.Mot bakgrund av en studie där upplevelserna dokumenteradesvisar vi på aspekter av restid som upplevs men inte speglas i vedertagnatransportekonomiska modeller. Artikeln delar upp dessaaspekter i tre kategorier: (i) aspekter rörande den faktiska restatiden och upplevelser av själva resan, (ii) kortsiktiga anpassningartill rådande omständigheter och (iii) långsiktiga anpassningar tillrådande omständigheter. Vi menar att restiden behöver sättasi ett vidare perspektiv genom att se resan och restiden i ettsammanhang där planering av vardagen är en förutsättning föratt få livet att gå ihop. Ett möjligt sådant perspektiv är att urplaneringssynpunkt sträva efter att göra tiden så ‘planerbar’ sommöjligt, alltså att underlätta individers långsiktiga och kortsiktigaplanering av både restid och resor, istället för att enkom serestid som onytta.I tredje artikeln tillämpas till viss del insikter om vad som skiljertid från pengar och dessa appliceras på värdering av restid försjälvkörande fordon. Värdet av restid beror traditionellt (blandannat) på transportmedel, det vill säga om resan görs med bil,buss eller tåg. Självkörande bilar har i litteraturen setts som ytterligareresslag, ofta en ny sorts bil. Vi menar dock att självkörandefordon kan mynna ut i många olika typer av transportmedel därvissa kommer att likna de vi har idag medan andra kommer attvara nya sett till resegenskaper. Givet att dessa egenskaper är relateradetill aspekter som påverkar resenärers värdering av restidkommer tiden alltså vara olika mycket värd. Värdering av restidför självkörande fordon bli därför mer komplext än att lägga tillett eller ens några ytterligare transportmedel. För att belysa dettagör vi i artikeln en så kallad morfologisk analys där vi spännerupp ett lösningsfält vi menar täcker in aspekter som påverkarvärderingen av restid för självkörande fordon. Sedan analyserarvi möjliga (och troliga) lösningar, där varje lösning motsvararett möjligt transportmedel, och menar att restidsvärdet för dessa lösningar rimligen bör skilja sig åt. Det leder oss till att föreslåatt ett alternativt sätt att segmentera restidsvärde skulle kunnavara att utgå från resegenskaper, snarare än transportmedel somsådana. Sådana resegenskaper skulle kunna vara privat/deladresa eller om resan sker efter tidtabell eller är “on-demand“.Sammanfattningsvis menar jag att monetär värdering av tidkan ses från tre perspektiv: (i) det linjära förhållandet mellan tidoch pengar som sådant, (ii) aggregeringen av individers insparaderestid till faktisk samhällsnytta och (iii) restidsförkortningarsplats i kostnadsnyttoanalys och transportplanering i allmänhet.Transportinvesteringar görs på lång sikt och de samhällsekonomiskakalkyler som ligger till grund för dessa investeringar behöverdärmed spegla både vårt förhållande till tid idag men även hur vikommer att förhålla oss till tiden i framtiden. Rimligen kommervi då ha lika mycket tid som idag, men kommer vårt förhållandetill tid vara detsamma?Slutligen föreslår jag i avhandlingen möjliga framtida temanatt undersöka vidare, såsom transporträttvisa, aggregering avväldigt små restidsvinster och förhållandet mellan risker ochtidsvinster.

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O'Sullivan, M. M. "Children's and parents' perspectives of a supportive environment for 'Active Travel to School'." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30830/.

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Active Travel to School is a term used to refer to any mode of travel that uses physical activity to go to school such as walking and cycling. Despite its demonstrated physical, developmental and sustainable benefits and after years of nationwide policies, strategies and schemes in place to increase it, the shift towards Active Travel to School in the UK has been negligible, and car use and road traffic have not declined. Within this context, this PhD research was funded by the EPSRC under a linked studentship to the ongoing VISIONS2030 project which explored the current dependency on motorised travel and how walking and cycling could be encouraged in the future. This research contributes to the project by examining the factors that influence Active Travel to School and by bringing the perspectives of the group of parents and children about a supportive environment for it to the study. Underpinned by the Interpretivist and Social-constructivist paradigm, the research adopted a qualitative survey approach in which 130 participants were involved through a range of interactive and novel participatory methods designed and implemented through focus groups, activity groups and semi-structured interviews carried out at schools and households from urban areas. The results show key factors acting as both barriers and enablers: despite perceptions that car use has many advantages for families and that Active Travel to School is not viable under current safety conditions, there is a substantial potential for a shift into an active travel culture that can be achieved through five different but simultaneous approaches in policy by: “Creating an easy, pleasant, safe and barrier free physical environment”, “Creating a social environment for active travel”, “Providing a supportive public transport”, “Convincing people of its benefits through promotion, incentives, education and innovations” and “Imposing restrictions to the use of private vehicles”.

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Major, Bridget. "The UK 'grey' market overseas package holiday experience : a critical evaluation of consumer and management perspectives." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2012. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/13336/.

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Moffat, Rachel Heidi. "Perspectives on Africa in travel writing : representations of Ethiopia, Kenya, Republic of Congo and South Africa, 1930–2000." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1639/.

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This thesis establishes contexts for the interrogation of modern travel narratives about African countries. The nineteenth century saw significant advances in travel in Africa’s interior. For the first time much of Africa was revealed to a Western audience through the reports of explorers and other travellers. My thesis focuses on more recent representations of African countries, discussing changes in travel writing in the twentieth century, from 1930–2000. This thesis studies key twentieth-century representations of four African countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, the Republic of Congo and South Africa. I interrogate Western constructions, with a specific focus on narratives by Evelyn Waugh, Wilfred Thesiger, Dervla Murphy and Redmond O’Hanlon. Narratives of South Africa by Laurens van der Post, Noni Jabavu and Dan Jacobson also provide important insights into African self-construction in travel writing, which is, as yet, an under-developed genre in African literature. I begin by sketching a historical framework of the Western idea of Africa which, most recently, has been characterised by nineteenth-century interpretations of the Dark Continent. The process of decolonisation and the emergence of postcolonial discourses have challenged these constructions. An analysis of travel narratives from 1930–2000 reveals a variety of responses to the growing distaste for older, colonial attitudes. Increasingly, Western travellers seek both to create culturally relevant Africas and to subvert older Western creations. Travel writers seek to re-present destinations, to examine and modify existing discourses. There are fewer texts of exploration, but many writers now travel in order to write, looking for new ways to re-imagine and, thereby, rediscover what is already known. Developments in modern thought influence writers’ self-representations, as well as their presentations of the Other. Twentieth-century women construct themselves according to new social constructions of femininity, no longer juxtaposing hardiness with more traditional feminine traits, but proving that their capability and endurance as travellers equals that of men. The traveller is always central to the narrative and so it is always important to interrogate the writer’s self-presentation. Trends in twentieth-century travel narratives reveal an increasingly personal focus; this can bring a unique quality to the account, but also raises questions of authenticity. Foregrounding the creative process of producing a travel narrative reveals the agendas which inform self-presentation. This thesis points towards the potential for much further study on the continual process of re-presenting Africa but, also, the contextualisation of Western travel narratives continually points up the lack of African self-representation in travel writing. There has been little response from Africans to the long history of Western travellers imagining Africa; future dialogues with African texts of self-exploration and self-representation will, potentially, reveal new complexities, bringing greater depth and diversity to the discourses already in place.

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Anantharramu, Gurruraj, and Pascal Kaiser. "Understanding the design and delivery of customer experience from multiple perspectives : A case study within luxury travel industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413315.

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Staging experiences and providing optimal customer experience has become the new battlefield within the marketing segment, since the introduction of experience economy. The modern customer has multiple devices, channels and touchpoints to interact with the organization and with rapidly changing digital technology, where the product or service information are available online 24/7, he/ she is in-charge of his/ her own experiences. This multitude of options pose great challenges for the organization to understand customer needs, expectations, and behavior, and predict and manage customer experience. Despite numerous studies and streams of literature, several authors, scholars, and practitioners have developed fragmented frameworks and models that partially addresses this multidimensional construct of customer experience. Furthermore, things get complicated when these fragmented constructs are used by the luxury travel industry to design, develop, and manage customer experience. Therefore, in order to address this broad concept and provide the organization with a holistic framework that can be leveraged for providing customer experience, we conducted a qualitative multi-case study, that included 14 semi-structured interviews from various actors within the supply- chain of the luxury travel industry. Using thematic analysis, the rich empirical data from the interviews were analyzed and transformed into sub-themes and themes. Keeping these themes as the foundation, we propose an integrated conceptual model that captures a firm integrating customer and co-creation perspectives to provide customer experience. This integrated model consists of five building blocks, Organizational Factors, Design, Delivery and Management of customer experience, Co-Creation, Customer Experience Insights / Metrics and Moderating Factors, that coupled together should influence customer experience. Using this conceptual model, we analyzed how different actors within the supply-chain provide customer experience. Subsequently, we also develop a customer journey map (from a customer perspective) consisting of customer needs, channels, and touchpoints to understand the critical touchpoint that act as the primary contributors for providing customer experience. And finally, we highlight the driving factors and barriers for providing customer experience within luxury travel industry.

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Jansson, Öhlén Linn. "Expectations, Compassion and Confusion : Volunteers’ experiences and perspectives." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27934.

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The roots of international voluntary work can be said to stem back to the 19:th century missionary work. It is thus nothing new with westerners wanting to spread their knowledge or help the poor in other countries. However, relatively recently the international voluntary work or, as termed in this thesis, volunteer tourism have become more like an industry. Both the older phenomenon of non-profit organizers of volunteer travels and the newer, nowadays more visible, alternative of commercial companies are to choose from. Within this relatively new landscape of volunteer travels, this study seeks to understand the volunteers’ and the volunteer experience through a comparison of non-profit and profit organizers of volunteer travels. To do this, open-ended interviews were conducted with 14 former volunteers who had travelled with various organizers. The interviews took place in Stockholm, March-April 2015. The theoretical framework is based on critical theories, social movement theory and theories about (volunteer) tourism. The study showed that the experiences of and motivations for volunteering were quite similar between the groups. However, the volunteers’ who had travelled with non-profit organizers were in retrospect less focused on the aim of “helping” and they had to a larger extend revalued the aim and concept of volunteering. The most common least satisfactory part of the travel was the working situation. For all, the in general most valuable outcome of the travel was a cultural insight (exchange) rather than making a difference or helping, which is the common image marketed by many volunteer travel organizers.

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Kelleher, Luke Anthony. "School choice, travel patterns and transport arrangements in Northern Ireland : economic/financial, environmental and social perspectives on a complex system." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.679234.

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One of the key governmental concerns reflected in the 1988 Education Reform Act for England and Wales and the subsequent Education Reform Order (NI) 1989 was to promote enhanced choice of schools for parents. however consequences relating to the theory and practice of choice for parents involved in making such decisions had implications for sustainability and transport arrangements which were not taken into consideration. Post Primary Education in Northern Ireland offers more scope for choice than any other part of the UK and its segregated and selective system has particular implications for travel patterns. Moreover, the consequences of current and future arrangements for home to school travel have not been addressed. The aim of this research is to investigate the financial/economic, environmental and social implications of enhanced school choice and the likely response to the inevitable reform of the system which will be required. Particular reference is paid to travel patterns and transport provision. in order to achieve this aim, key objectives of the research include: gaining greater understanding of the decision-making process made by parents in relation to school choice in order to determine how they will react to my potential reform; investigating the implications of current and potential schooling systems for home to school transport costs; illustrating the extent to which the current system of educational provision in Northern Ireland undermines issues of equality in relation to admissions criteria; developing a range of tools in order to inform policy 'makers on future school travel patterns in response to an ongoing programme of reforms in education 'and demographic change. the research is informed by an in-depth discrete choice analysis, based on household surveys that encompass school choice and travel patterns, attitudinal questions and stated preference experiments. Geographical information Systems (GIS) analysis is employed to highlight the spatial dimension of the survey data.

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Pei, Lei. "Perspectives of travel agencies in China with regards to promoting South Africa as a leisure tourist destination : an explanatory study." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1703.

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Thesis (MTech (Marketing))-- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006
With a population of 1.3 billion and a rapidly growing economy, China has the potential to exert a greater influence on the development of tourism worldwide. In particular, the China outbound tourism market is expanding at a fast rate. Along with the Approved Destination Status, which was granted to South Africa in 2001, South African Tourism has already set its sights on targeting this emerging market. The purpose ofthis research was to establish the perspectives oftravel agencies in China with regard to promoting South Africa as a leisure tourist destination. The study attempted to survey travel agencies in China, in order to understand Chinese travel agents and their clients' dislikes and preferences, which assisted the researcher to identify the attractive points and drawbacks ofSouth African tours, as viewed by travel agencies. In this study, 90 international travel agencies were surveyed with the use of self-completion questionnaires, while 6 in-depth interviews were conducted. The research results provided the perceptions and attitudes of South Africa, as viewed by Chinese travel agencies and revealed that shopping and entertainment, scenic beauty, different people and their lifestyles, cultural experiences and wildlife experiences were the top five of the attractions of South Africa as a tourist destination. The main factors, which prevent Chinese tourists from visiting South Africa, were unfamiliarity, affordability and negative perceptions with regard to crime and HIV/AIDS.

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Cole, Peter. "Urban rail perspectives in Perth, Western Australia : modal competition, public transport, and government policy in Perth since 1880." Murdoch University, 2000. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061122.125641.

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The decline of public transport in Western Australia is observed in four separate historical studies which narrate the political and administrative history of each major urban transport mode. Perth's suburban railway system is examined as part of the State's widespread rail network, including the extravagantly-equipped short-lived suburban railway in Kalgoorlie. Political interference in early railway operations is studied in detail to determine why Perth's rail-based public transport systems were so poorly developed and then neglected or abandoned for much of the twentieth century. The llnique events in Kalgoorlie at the turn of the century are presented as potent reasons for the early closure of Perth's urban tramway system and the fact that no purpose-built suburban railways were constructed in Perth until 1993. The road funding arrangements of the late nineteenth century are considered next, in order to demonstrate the very early basis for the present lavish non-repayable grants of money for road construction and maintenance by all three layers of government. The development of private and government bus networks is detailed last, with particular attention paid to the failure of private urban bus operators in the 1950s and the subsequent formation of a government owned and operated urban bus monopoly. The capital structure and accounting practices of public transport modes are analysed to provide a critique of popular myths concerning the merits of each. In order to obtain an impression of the changing political view of different transport modes, the attitude of politicians to public transport and the private motor car over the last one hundred and twenty years is captured in summary narrations of some of the more important parliamentary transport debates. Two possible explanations of public transport decline are discussed in conclusion; one relying a neoclassical economic theory of marginal pricing, and the other on an observation on the fate of large capital investments in the modern party-based democratic system of government.

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Sanders, Erwin D. "Travel| A Depth Psychological Perspective." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527607.

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This thesis explores the possibility that approaching travel from a depth psychological perspective—be it outward travel from destination A to destination B or a psychological journey inward—can contribute to meaningful psychosocial transformation, improve one’s life, and make one’s life more meaningful as a traveler seeking a deeper experience of self. Utilizing a heuristic methodology, the author presents a memoir that shares personal travel experiences—work-related and for pleasure—and the awareness, insights, and personal transformation experienced. The literature review focuses on the aspects of depth psychology applicable during travel and journey: dream analysis, active imagination, and the concepts of initiation, archetype, metaphor, and synchronicity. The depth perspective helped to uncover, analyze, and integrate the author’s experiences, resulting in psychosocial change toward a better understanding of himself.

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Guan, Xiaodong. "The links among the built environment, travel attitudes, and travel behavior : a household-based perspective." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/769.

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A clear understanding on the impact of the built environment on travel behavior is crucial for land use and transport planning. However, previous land use-transport studies are largely constrained to a single individual in the household and a single long-term choice (i.e. residential location). The individual was commonly used as the unit of analysis, while both long-term location/mobility choices (residential location, work location and car ownership) and daily travel behaviors could be household level decisions. Besides, previous land use-transport research usually assumed the residential location as a decision that independent with the work location, while these two location choices may be associated with each other. Ignoring intra-household interactions in travel decisions and the interdependencies between different long-term choices would lead to an incomplete understanding on the land use-transport relationship. This thesis fills these research gaps by providing a new household perspective to rethink and reexamine the relationships among the built environment, travel attitudes, and travel behavior. It extends the"individual-based"analytical framework of land use-transport research to a broader"household-based"one. Specifically, this proposed analytical framework takes the household as the basic unit of analysis, and considers interactions among different household members as well as different long-term choices. This research challenges the underlying assumptions of existing land use-transport research, and has the potential to guide the research design and model specification of future travel behavior studies. Three empirical studies were conducted to examine the proposed household-based research framework. Data was derived from a household activity-travel diary survey in 2016 in Beijing, China. The results of empirical studies indicate that: Self-selection exists in different long-term choices, including residential location, work location, commuting distance and car ownership; Travel attitudes of different household members play different roles in self-selections regarding these long-term choices; The partner's travel attitudes affect an individual's long-term choices and travel behaviors simultaneously, thereby could be additional sources of the self-selection effect; The built environment has indirect impacts on the male head's travel behaviors through the female head's travel choices; Besides, residential location has indirect impacts on travel behavior though the work location choice, and vice versa. In general, this dissertation confirms the significance and necessity of investigating the impact of the built environment on travel behavior from a household-based perspective. Findings in this dissertation contribute to a better understanding on the process and mechanism of household members' long-term and short-term travel choices, and further both the direct and indirect impacts of the built environment on travel behavior.

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Jordan, Evan J. "Online travel information search behaviors an information foraging perspective /." Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1220474357/.

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Nguyen, Thi Than Huong. "Éléments pour une mobilité quotidienne compatible avec le transport durable au Vietnam : enjeux et perspectives d’un report modal vers les transports collectifs et les transports non motorises, le cas de Hanoï." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0139/document.

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L’hégémonie des modes de transport motorisés individuels est aujourd’hui un des problèmes ardus dans le domaine du transport urbain. Avec l’objectif du développement durable des villes, le développement durable du transport et de la mobilité, en limitant les nuisances du système de transport motorisé (la congestion, la pollution, l’insécurité routière, la dégradation du paysage, l’externalité des modes non-motorisés, l’inégalité sociale, etc.) est aussi une demande essentielle et urgente dans beaucoup de villes du Monde, dont le Vietnam. Hanoi est une grande agglomération vietnamienne où les motos (2 roues à moteur) jouent actuellement jusqu’à 80% des déplacements quotidiens des habitants, et le transport en commun par bus assure une petite partie seulement des déplacements des gens. Les habitants de Hanoi vivent dans un milieu de congestion et de pollution de l’air très grave. Les politiques des autorités vietnamiennes visant à restreindre les modes motorisés privés et encourager les reports modaux vers les transports en commun et les modes non-motorisés (la marche, le vélo) n’ont pas les résultats escomptés. Pour répondre à la question « pour quelle raison les reports modaux vers les TC et les modes non-motorisés ne sont pas largement mis en place » et « pour quelle raison les politiques de transport urbain ont échoué », dans le cadre de ma thèse, j’ai réalisé des enquêtes ménage de transport auprès des habitants à Hanoi et des entretiens profonds auprès des experts et des autorités vietnamiennes en souhaitant avoir la réponse sous deux l’angle : l’angle socio-mobile et l’angle politique. Sous l’angle socio-mobile, mes enquêtes contribuent à une meilleure connaissance des déterminants du choix modal dans la mobilité quotidienne de différentes catégories de population à Hanoi, d’expliquer les raisons, les obstacles à un report modal vers les TNM et les TC pour différents types de déplacements, de connaître les raisons profondes du report modal observé chez certains enquêtés. Sous l’angle politique, j’observe si les conditions des politiques sont remplies ou non pour une mise en place des reports modaux chez les habitants. Enfin, l’objectif de la thèse est aussi de créer un modèle d’analyse sur la mobilité urbaine, le choix modal et le report modal spécifiquement pour le cas de Hanoi, qui formera une bonne référence pour la définition des politiques de transport urbain durable
The hegemony of private motorized transport is nowadays one of the difficult problems in the field of urban transport. In the objective of urban sustainable development, sustainable transport and mobility by reducing consequences from motorized transport system (congestion, pollution, road safety, landscape degradation, the externality of non-motorized modes, social inequality, etc.) which is an essential and urgent demand in many cities in the world, including Vietnam. Hanoi is a large city in Vietnam where bikes (2 wheelers) are currently up to 80% of the daily movements of people, and public transport by bus provides only a small part of the movement of people. The people of Hanoi are living in an environment of very serious congestion and air pollution. Policies of the Vietnamese authorities to restrict private motorized modes and to encourage modal shift towards public transport and non-motorized modes (walking, cycling) have no outcome. To answer the question "why the modal shift towards the TC and non-motorized modes are not well set up" and "why the urban transport policies are stranded," as part of my thesis, I conducted surveys of household transport to the residents in Hanoi and deep interviews with experts and Vietnamese authorities hoping to have the answer in two terms: social and political. In terms of society, my investigations contribute to a better understanding of the determinants of mode choice in daily mobility of different social classes in Hanoi, to explain the reasons, barriers to a modal shift to NMT and TC for different types of travel, to know the underlying reasons of modal shift observed in some respondents. In terms of policy, I note that if the conditions of the policy are implemented or not for a modal shifts from bikes towards public transport. In the end, the objective of the thesis is also creating an analysis model of urban mobility, modal choice and modal shift, specifically for the case of Hanoi, which will form a good reference for the definition of sustainable urban transport policies

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Nordlöf, Jessica, Matilda Svensson, and Emily Frost. "Relationship Marketing in the Travel Industry : A Two Sided Perspective." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11560.

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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how Stockholm based travel agencies understand and use relationship marketing and how it is perceived by customers.

Relationship marketing is defined by Grönroos as a building of relationships with customers to achieve mutual benefits. Four main objectives of relationship marketing were used to contextualise the term: service quality, personalisation, differentiation, and communica-tion.In order to answer the purpose, the authors have chosen to interview three travel agen-cies that focus on offering tailor made travel for different target groups. Sampling was used to find these travel agencies, as the total number of travel agencies in the Stock-holm area is too large to interview. Also, customers who have travelled with two of the travel agencies were interviewed. Further, several theoretical frameworks are presented in order to provide the reader with a view of relationship marketing, and were used in the design and the questions asked both companies and customers.

From the interviews with the companies it was found that all of them have different views of what relationship marketing is, and that they have different ways of imple-menting it. The views of relationship marketing differ from building a strong brand im-age to managing actual relationships with customers.

The main efforts of relationship marketing that the companies are involved in are delivering personalized travel and high service quality to customers.It was found in the interviews with customers that their view on what makes good ser-vice is similar to that of company views. What is most important to customers is that the perceived quality matches, or exceeds, the experienced one. There are several things that companies can do to attract and retain customers including having rewards clubs, sending out a moderate amount of newsletters, and providing a personal seller for customers.

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Slatton, Jason Edward. "Night moves." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008m/slatton.pdf.

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De, Jong Skierus Birgitta. "Human salmonellosis - impact of travel and trade from a Swedish perspective /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-820-7/.

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McGourty, Jemma. "Mental time travel into the past and future : a developmental perspective." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680437.

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Episodic memory and episodic future thinking appear to be fundamentally linked, sharing many commonalities that have led numerous theorists to claim that they rely on the same neural system and develop simultaneously. On the other hand a number of striking temporal asymmetries have also been observed in the way that we think about the past and the future: events in the future appear to be valued more than those in the past, feel closer in subjective time and elicit stronger emotions. The aim of this thesis was two-fold in that it considered both of these areas of the mental time travel literature. Developmental research into the link between past and future mental time travel is limited therefore, Studies 1a and 1 b examined 3-to 10-year-olds' past and future narratives. The findings suggest that the proposed link between episodic past and future thinking may be more complex among children than adults and raise doubts over the manner in which previous studies have interpreted the relations between narratives for past and future events. Studies 2a-3c explored the developmental profile of temporal asymmetries in mental time travel. Until now a developmental account of temporal asymmetries in value, emotion and subjective temporal distance was absent; therefore Studies 2a-3c make original contributions to knowledge. Over the course of these studies, appropriate tasks and methodologies were identified for examining such asymmetries in children and adolescents. The evidence emerging from these studies suggests that the type of task used (hypothetical versus real event tasks) in developmental studies is crucial, whilst these different asymmetries did not appear to emerge at the same stage in development. These studies offer a comprehensive and wide-ranging developmental consideration of mental time travel, not only examining the similarities in the same way as previous developmental studies, but also considering the temporal asymmetries in mental time travel.

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Dami, Karima. "Le contrat de traval en droit marocain : réalités et perspectives." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0610.

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En raison des spécificités qui lui sont propres, le contrat de travail échappe, sur de nombreux plans, au droit commun des contrats et fait l'objet de dispositions particulières afin d'assurer sa continuité et sa bonne exécution. Parallèlement à l'étude de la législation relative au contrat de travail à travers ses différentes phases: constitution, exécution et rupture, une approche prospective est effectuée pour essayer de répondre à une question essentielle: quelle réponse apporte la législation actuelle aux attentes des partenaires sociaux? Le législateur se trouve en effet tiraillé entre le besoin de flexibilité de l'emploi demandé par les entrepreneurs d'un côté et l'exigence de stabilité réclamée par les syndicats professionnels, de l'autre. Dans son ensemble, le code du travail est un texte protecteur pour les salariés et offre une marge de manœuvre très réduite aux employeurs au niveau de la flexibilité. C'est, en effet, la théorie classique du contrat de travail qui prévaut avec la prééminence du contrat à durée indéterminée, synonyme de stabilité
Because of its specificities, the contract of employment escapes, on many plans, with the common right of the contracts and is the subject of particular provisions in order to ensure its continuity and its right execution. Parallel to the study of the legislation relating to the contract of employment through its various phases: constitution, execution and rupture, a prospective approach is carried out to try to answer an essential question: which answer brings the current legislation to waiting of the two social sides. The legislator is indeed pulled about between the need for flexibility in employment requested by the contractors on a side, and the requirement for stability claimed by the trade associations, on the other side. As a whole, the fair labour standards act is a protective text for the employees and offers a margin of operate very reduced to the employers on the level of flexibility. It is, indeed, the classical theory of the contract of employment which the pre-eminence of the contract at unspecified duration, synonymous with stability. However, despite the goodwill of the legislator, the reality of the labour market is very different from what the fair labor standards act preaches. At present, the contract of employment at unspecified duration is abused by the strategies of the policies of employment which do not tolerate any more the proliferation of such contracts because the economic situation and the system of production conceive the professional contractual relation only over one short duration. Thus, one attends the multiplication of other atypical forms of contracts of employment to which legislator remains insensitive

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Hattingh, Christiaan. "A typology of gay leisure travellers : an African perspective." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2718.

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Thesis (DTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
Over the last two decades, academic literature, various market research studies, and media reports have widely contributed to the belief that the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) market, and more specifically the gay male sub-segment, display favourable characteristics for the tourism industry. As recently as 2017, gay travel was regarded as one of the fastest-growing markets in the international travel industry. It is thus clear that the importance of this market, whether accurate or not, has been well documented over the years and is well known by the tourism industry; however, despite an increasing trend where tourism destinations promote themselves as ‘gay friendly’ in an attempt to attract gay (homosexual) travellers, a segment of the LGBT travel market, these travellers are perceived to be a homogeneous market segment or a niche market as a result of the assumption that gay men and women lead similar lifestyles and because they are homosexual, indicating that sexual orientation is used as the principal distinguishing characteristic of this population. This assumption is problematic and rather simplistic as it conceals many other important variables, and may hinder effective destination marketing. In order to correctly harness the existing potential within this segment, there is a need to overcome the challenge of correctly understanding and adapting the tourism offering to the preferences and needs of gay travellers; hence this research aimed to develop a typology of gay leisure travellers, by segmenting gay travellers into homogeneous sub-segments in an attempt to contribute to the gap in literature regarding this market’s heterogeneity. A web-based electronic survey was completed by 506 gay travellers, and attribute-based benefit segmentation was carried out by applying a hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s procedure with Euclidean distances. The typology is based on the push and pull framework; the motivations of travellers were assessed both in terms of their socio-psychological motivations and destination attributes of Cape Town. A number of conclusions can be drawn from the suggested typology of gay leisure travellers. First, the typology suggests four unique gay travel sub-segments ranging from Passive Relaxers on the one end to Wildlife Explorers, Culinary Enthusiasts/Foodies and Gay-Centric Travellers on the extreme end, which empirically proves that gay travellers are not homogeneous as there are sub-segments of gay travellers with different consumer behaviours. Therefore, these sub-segments may be referred to as niches as individuals within these sub-groups are homogeneous in certain characteristics. Second, there are two sub-segments in which travellers’ behaviour is not influenced by their sexuality, while the sexuality of travellers in the two other sub-segments influences their travel behaviour to varying degrees. Third, there is evidence that the gay traveller is integrating with other larger mainstream market segments and that the literature on gay travel may soon find itself outdated as fewer gay individuals, as the typology shows, base their travel decisions solely on gay-related issues, possibly owing to an increasing societal acceptance of homosexuality and the insignificance of a ‘gay identity’ to many of the post-modern gay generation. Fourth, the typology shows that only a distinct sub-segment, the Gay-Centric Traveller, can be described as a gay tourist and that not all gay travellers or activities by these travellers can be labelled as gay tourism. Fifth, the typology may serve as a framework for relating the destination attributes (pull motivations), to the important push motivations that influence tourist decision making and travel behaviour, and is therefore useful to the destination in developing product and promotional strategies. Consequently, the identified sub-segments, each with its own set of motivations, could help the destination refine its target-marketing strategies and may assist in understanding the different opportunities each sub-segment presents.

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Garrick, Justin Anthony. "Journeys in perspective : critical approaches to the travel writing of Freya Stark." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619647.

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Nyblom, Åsa. "Making travel sustainable with ICT? : The social practice of travel planning and travel information use in everyday life." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154474.

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Adopting the perspective of the traveller, this thesis examines how travel plans are actually made in the everyday situation and how information is used and drawn on when planning the many, often unremarkable, trips of ordinary urban life. Ethnographical field studies in southern Stockholm, Sweden, employing a practice theory perspective showed that people use a vast mixture of different types of information when planning and making trips. Therefore, the concept of travel information should be defined broadly enough to encompass informal, formal, analogue and digital types of travel information. Then, and only then, is it possible to perceive the interactions between these and see their potential as a change factor for sustainable city travel. In relation to this, situations when travel information was not used, were also identified in the qualitative data and are acknowledged and discussed in the thesis. Travel planning is in everyday practice undertaken little by little, squeezed in between other activities of daily life. It is a process more extended in time, space and content than the limited search for information about the best way to get from A to B, assumed and facilitated in many existing travel information services. Travel planning is closely connected to the overall scheduling of activities (planning of life) and thus spans much larger time frames than the single trip. Planning travel also includes consideration of issues such as preparations needed (things to be done before departure/brought on the trip); managing vehicles and equipment in time and space (getting the bicycle/car home again or safely parked); the weather (current and forecast); social relations (the potential of different travel options for relationship building or conflict triggering); social norms (e.g. of 'good parenting' or 'proper behaviour on public transport'); and health issues (wanting exercise or inability to manage stairs/luggage). The qualitative data revealed that travel information is sometimes perceived and used as a security blanket, i.e. something to hold on to and give the traveller courage on the trip until they are safe at their destination. It also showed that travel planning, depending on life situation, can be experienced as either a house of cards, i.e. if anything changes the whole house collapses and has to be rebuilt to a different layout, or a prefab building, i.e. the same prefabricated pieces are joined together in more or less the same pattern every time. Recent decades have seen rapid growth in ICT services relating to transportation. Different types of travel information services have been proposed as a means to decrease the environmental impacts of transportation through effecting behavioural change. Taking the empirical 4 insights provided by this thesis into travel planning and travel information use in practice, it is clear that travel information services of tomorrow, if connected to other ICT systems in everyday life, could be designed in a way that broadens their horizon of assistance in supporting travel planning processes in everyday life. Although, as this thesis demonstrates, the role and potential of travel information services and ICT in the work of achieving sustainable mobility should be discussed from a perspective critical of overly linear perceptions and instrumental starting points.
Denna avhandling tar resenärens perspektiv, och undersöker från vardagslivets horisont hur resor egentligen planeras, och hur information används när de många, ofta obemärkta, vardagsresorna görs i staden. Etnografiska fältstudier i södra Stockholm, gjorda och analyserade med ett praktikteoriperspektiv, visar att människor använder sig av många olika typer av information för att planera och genomföra sina resor. Därför bör begreppet reseinformation definieras vitt nog att rymma både informella, formella, analoga och digitala typer av reseinformation. Först då är det möjligt att iaktta interaktioner mellan dessa, och också se informationens eventuella potential som förändringsfaktor för hållbart stadsresande. Även situationer när reseinformation inte används uppmärksammas och diskuteras. Reseplanering är i vardaglig praktik något som sker lite i taget, i mellanrummen mellan andra sysslor och aktiviteter. Det är en process mer förgrenad i tid, rum och innehåll än den avgränsade sökning efter information om bästa sättet att ta sig mellan A och B som många existerande IT-baserade reseplanerare verkar förutsätta och i dagsläget assisterar. Reseplanering är starkt knutet till den övergripande planeringen av aktiviteter i livet, och reseplanering har därför oftast ett vidare tidsspann än endast en resa. Planering av resor inkluderar även hänsyn till faktorer som nödvändiga förberedelser (saker att göra innan avfärd/ta med sig på resan); hantering av fordon och bagage i tid och rum (få hem cykeln/bilen igen eller få den säkert parkerad); vädret (nuvarande och prognostiserat); sociala relationer (potentialen för konflikter/positiv samvaro vid olika färdmedelsval); sociala normer (om gott föräldraskap eller hur man för sig på kollektiva färdmedel); och hälsoaspekter (vilja till motion eller oförmåga att gå i trappor). Fältarbetet gjorde tydligt att reseinformation ibland används som en snuttefilt – något att ty sig till och hålla i handen på okänt territorium tills du har kommit till målet för din resa. Reseplanering kan också, beroende på livssituation, antingen upplevas och liknas vid husbygge med prefabricerade element – samma standardiserade, välkända bitar sammanfogas på ungefär samma sätt varje gång; eller också ett korthus – om någonting ändras brakar hela huset ihop, och måste byggas upp igen med en helt annan design. Under de senaste decennierna har det skett en snabb utveckling av IT-lösningar på transportområdet. Olika typer av reseinformationstjänster har föreslagits som ett verktyg för att ändra resebeteenden och därmed minska transporters miljöpåverkan. Med utgångspunkt från studiens 6 empiriska insikter i hur reseplanering går till i praktiken, och hur reseinformation används blir det tydligt att morgondagens reseplanerartjänster, om de kopplades ihop med andra digitala system vi använder i vår vardag, skulle kunna utformas på ett sätt som utvidgar systemets "assistanshorisont" för att bättre passa ihop med reseplaneringspraktikerna i vår vardag. Potentialen och rollen för reseinformationstjänster och IT i arbetet med att minska transporters miljöpåverkan bör diskuteras från ett perspektiv som är kritiskt till alltför linjära och instrumentella utgångspunkter, vilket denna avhandling bidrar till.

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Bauer, Rafael Chequer. "Movimento Slow Travel no contexto cultural do turismo no Brasil: desafios e perspectivas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100135/tde-28032016-103430/.

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O presente trabalho discute a transformação rítmica e ideológica pela qual a sociedade vem passando, especialmente a partir da consolidação de valores ligados à industrialização. Entre esses, destacam-se: mercantilização, mecanização, urbanização, massificação e, em especial, o culto à velocidade. Além disso, discorre sobre a ascensão e consolidação do setor de Turismo e sua relação com tais valores. Analisa ainda a emersão de movimentos socioculturais contestatórios à lógica industrial, especialmente no contexto da globalização socioeconômica contemporânea, com destaque ao chamado Slow Movement e sua influência à cultura de viagens. Por fim, aponta os principais desafios e perspectivas de aproveitamento urbano e turístico do citado movimento no Brasil, a partir da análise de estudos de caso realizados em três municípios brasileiros que se candidataram - sem sucesso - à obtenção da chancela do Movimento Cittàslow: Santa Teresa (ES), Antônio Prado (RS) e Tiradentes (MG). O diagnóstico apresentado se baseia em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas in loco com representantes públicos turísticos dos citados municípios. Entre os principais resultados destaca-se a desarticulação conceitual e prática dos atores envolvidos nas respectivas candidaturas e o atual interesse das lideranças governamentais locais e do citado Movimento em retomar tal discussão
This thesis the rhythmic and ideological transformation in modern and contemporary society, especially from the consolidation of industrial values: merchantilization, mechanization, urbanization, massification and, specially, speed`s reverence. In addition, it deals with the rise and consolidation about the industrial way of massive tourism. It also analyzes the emergence of socio-cultural contestatory movements against industrial logic, especially in the context of contemporary social and economic globalization, focusin, Slow Movement and its influence about the culture of travel. Finally, it thesis tries to identify the challenges and perspectives about urban and tourist exploitation prospects involved that movement in Brazil, based on the analysis of case studies in three brazilian municipalities who applied - unsuccessfully - to obtain the seal of the Cittaslow movement: Santa Teresa (ES), Antonio Prado (RS) and Tiradentes (MG). The analyses are based on semi-structured interviews with on-site tour public representatives of the mentioned mujnicipalities. Among the main results, stands out the theorical and pratical dislocation considering all involved in their applications, besides the current interest of local government leaders and aforementioned Movement to reestablish that discussion

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Winet, Kristin Kay. "Toward a Feminist Travel Perspective: Re-thinking Tourism, Digital Media, and the "Gaze"." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565902.

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This dissertation project bridges the interdisciplinary fields of rhetoric and composition and tourism studies to examine both the reliance on and rejection of the patriarchal tourist "gaze" in digital travel stories composed by Western travelers. By using a combination of autoethnography and feminist rhetorical analysis, I begin by tracing contemporary conversations in tourism studies in order to contextualize this study within a more nuanced understanding of modern tourism, and then, I deconstruct John Urry's theory of the patriarchal tourist "gaze" in order to posit a theory of a feminist travel perspective, one informed by a postmodern approach to feminism I call "reciprocal feminism." From there, I analyze three rhetorical topoi from which many travelers compose their stories—food, bodies, and landscapes—from a feminist rhetorical perspective in order to advocate that the misinformed image of the "tourist," an outdated rhetorical construct, must be delinked from colonialism and reclaimed and reimagined in order to more effectively represent the diverse voices and subject positions of modern traveling subjects, subjects who are more often than not composed of multiple identities, languages, heritages, and cultures. I then turn to more practical applications of this theory, considering the ways in which travelers, teachers, and students might employ this approach to tourism both in the classroom and in their communities. By tracing the composing practices of contemporary Western tourists online and considering the opportunities presented by an approach to feminist travel, this project contributes to ongoing discussions of the ethics and politics of international travel and tourism, raises questions about representation, and hopes to support more ethical ways of being and interacting with and among Others in personal and academic contexts.

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BERTHON, MARC JOSEPH. "Perspectives sur les besoins medicaux maritimes." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT002M.

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Rupp, William H. "A new perspective on British identity : the travel journals of John Byng, 1781-1794." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/48885/.

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The Honourable John Byng (1743-1813; later fifth Viscount Torrington) was a British soldier, civil servant, and diarist who wrote fifteen accounts of his series of pleasure tours between 1781 and 1794. Unpublished in his lifetime, these accounts were re-discovered in the twentieth century and have been in print ever since. Despite their scope (Byng visited two thirds of all English and Welsh counties) and detail (he filled twenty seven manuscript volumes totalling over 2,500 hand-written pages) his writings have been used only sporadically and anecdotally by historians. This dissertation, therefore, seeks to re-position Byng as an historical actor and his writings as a complex historical source that requires detailed re-examination and reevaluation. Doing so reveals that Byng’s journals can inform the historigraphical discussion that surrounds the creation of a ‘British’ national identity and consciousness in the late eighteenth century. Prevailing models stress top down dynamics and external forces that caused the English, Welsh, and Scottish to band together as a Protestant elect in order to survive the onslaught of the large, Catholic, Continental powers of the time. Whilst Byng’s observations do not refute this interpretation, they present a strong argument for the inclusion of ‘sub-national’ (hamlet, village, town, county) identities and loyalties in any attempt to chart British identity formation. To demonstrate this, elements of post-colonial theory, particularly contact theory, are used to show that in Britain Byng moved through a series of encounters akin to those experienced by Europeans in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Through his reactions, it is possible to see how these various identities complemented and competed with each other, particularly important social tropes such as politeness. Family composition and relationships with friends are also discussed to illustrate how focusing on individual historical subjects can yield useful insights into broader historical issues. Finally, the experiences of Arthur Young (1741-1820) and William Cobbett (1763-1835), two other well known travellers and commentators, are used to suggest the wider ramifications of the analysis whilst making links to wider study of domestic travel.

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Eriksson, Ida, and Lisa Levander. "(Not) Flying into the future : International Business Air Travel from a Corporate Environmental Sustainability perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415145.

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Environmental sustainability has grown to become a widely discussed topic in today's society, putting great pressure on companies to limit their climate impact. Still, companies continue to use International Business Air Travel for strategic benefits, in an era where concepts such as “flight shame” are emerging. Hence, the balance of attaining the advantages of IBAT, while simultaneously increasing the focus on Corporate Environmental Sustainability, is a challenge faced by companies today. The main purpose of this study is to investigate how Swedish it-companies work with Corporate Environmental Sustainability in the different strategic phases of International Business Air Travel.

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Bigi, Maëlezig. "Reconnaissance et organisation du travail : perspectives françaises et européennes." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1056/document.

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À partir des années 1990 la reconnaissance est de plus en plus souvent un mot d’ordre des mobilisations de groupes professionnels. Aujourd’hui, les sociologues du travail s’approprient de nouveau cette notion aux origines ambivalentes, après les travaux de R. Sainsaulieu et de P. Bernoux de la fin des années 1980. Les entretiens menés auprès de salariés en France montrent que les attentes de reconnaissance se déploient en quatre registres, l’activité, les relations, la récompense et la personne. Le découpage de l’activité et l’intensification du travail empêchent l’exercice de soi et le sentiment d’utilité dans l’activité, dans un contexte où la crainte de la précarité confine le plus souvent les plaintes au niveau individuel. Une comparaison entre des ingénieurs en France et en Finlande fait ressortir la mesure du temps de travail comme condition de la reconnaissance de la contribution et de la vie hors travail. Les analyses menées sur l’Enquête européenne sur les conditions de travail 2010 confirment la structure des attentes de reconnaissance pour les salariés du secteur privé en France bien que celle-ci varie dans le reste de l’Europe. Enfin, un modèle de médiation- modération souligne le rôle déterminant de la reconnaissance dans la construction de la santé au travail, notamment lorsqu’une plus grande implication est attendue des salariés
Since the 1990’s, recognition has taken on greater importance as a watchword for mobilization by occupatio- nal groups. Nowadays, Labour sociologists have again appropriated this notion that has ambivalent origins, after R. Sainsaulieu and P. Bernoux’s works from the late 1980’s. Interviews carried out with employees from different firms in France show that recognition expectations open out into four categories, activity, relation- ships, reward and the person. The cutting up of activity and work intensification prevent the deployment of self-hood as well as the feeling of usefulness in a context where the lack of job security tends to limit complaints to the individual level. A comparison between engineers in France and in Finland emphasize working time measurement as a necessary condition for one’s contribution as well as time off work to be recognised. Factor analysis using the data of the European Working Conditions Survey 2010 confirm the structure of recognition expectations for French employees from the private sector, whereas it differs in the other European countries. Finally, the elaboration of a mediation-moderation model provides results that underline the key role of recognition in the building of health at work, notably when a greater involvement is expected from employees

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Nordkvist, Öman Emma. "Tourism in an era of migration : A case study with a focus on the impacts of a crisis, from a consumer perspective." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-48843.

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This thesis describes the relation between the tourism industry and crisis from a consumer perspective. The impacts on consumers have been receiving little attention in earlier tourism research. This study contains an empirical research with a focus on the attitudes of travellers during the refugee crisis of 2015. The attitudes are seen as interesting for this study since they can affect the traveller before, during and after the trip. In this work the attitudes further are divided into four different sub-categories, which were detected to be important in order to describe how the attitudes of travellers can be affected from a crisis. The performed study shows that the attitudes can be affected from a crisis in different ways. It also shows that the refugee crisis of 2015 had impacts on travellers, that might vary from person to person and that they might not be aware of themselves.

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Manera, Kerry. "A counselling psychology perspective on women's experience of holding multiple roles alongside partner work-related travel." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17327/.

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Family structures and career paths have changed significantly in the last 50 years, yet women still seem to shoulder the majority of domestic and childcare responsibilities, often alongside pursuing their own career. If women also have a partner who travels regularly overnight for work, research shows that roles and relationships are impacted. Very little UK research has focused on the experience of individuals and families affected by work-related travel (WRT), despite its increased prevalence in recent years. A multi-perspectival Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was conducted to qualitatively explore a woman’s lived experience of holding the roles of parent, professional, and partner. Six women with preschool-age children, careers and a partner who travels regularly overnight for work participated in the study. Data was collected from semi-structured interviews incorporating open-ended questions and a visual prompt, and journals kept during one period when each participant’s partner was traveling. Three master themes emerged from the analysis, each with two to four subordinate themes describing the women’s experience of ongoing movement between engaging with uncertainties of their context and active choice-making, influenced by and influencing a conflicted self as it interacts with the external world. Findings from the study have been considered alongside literature pertaining to WRT, holding multiple roles (for example Barnett and Hyde’s 2001 expansionist theory), and theories of gender, transition and development. Implications for Counselling Psychology and ready applicability of the findings are also discussed. In the spirit of IPA, my impact on the research has been held in mind reflexively throughout.

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Bush, Charmel Lolita. "Image of Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB): an external stakeholder's perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/9097.

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A distinctive destination image is required in order to compete with other destinations for tourists and investors alike. This main objective of this study is to develop a model for destination image formation for Nelson Mandela Bay as a secondary economy to boost its global competitiveness. Several researchers have studied destination image and based on the fact that tourists and investors usually have a limited knowledge of destinations they have not previously visited, destination image fulfils an important function insofar as destinations with strong, positive, discriminatory and recognisable images. A literature study was conducted to identify the key influencers on destination image as well as to identify which forces are likely to influence the destination image of Nelson Mandela Bay. The different factors of destination image were identified from the literature sources and these factors provided a basis for an empirical study that was conducted amongst external stakeholders. The primary research objective was to create a model of destination image for Nelson Mandela Bay and to explain the cause and effect relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Added to the primary research objective, eight secondary research objectives were identified. The primary research question for this study was to identify what influences the destination image of Nelson Mandela Bay. Added to the primary research question, the researcher also identified eight research questions as part of the study. The empirical analysis was used to test the hypotheses and ultimately develop a model for destination image formation for Nelson Mandela Bay. This study was exploratory in nature and thus used a limited sample to gain insights for further research. Data were obtained through questionnaires that were distributed electronically to 120 respondents. This study concluded with the development of a destination image model for Nelson Mandela Bay that can be expanded upon with further research. The results indicate that general infrastructure and social environment; leisure and recreation; and culture influence the Affective component of Nelson Mandela Bay. Information sources and Political stability and risk influence the Cognitive component of Nelson Mandela Bay. Together the Affective and Cognitive component makes up the overall image of Nelson Mandela Bay.

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Paulusson, Malin. "Daily Travel Mode Choice from an Intersectional Perspective : -A Literature Review and a Case Study in Uppsala." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254893.

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The transport sector is an extensive contributor to the total CO2 emissions, and private transports hold a vast share. This has implications on environmental and human health, which eventually have economic consequences for society. Equal access to opportunities is essential in a sustainable society and public transport is a crucial element. Apart from public transport, physical active transport modes are key components in a sustainable transport system. The aim of this thesis was through an intersectional perspective to gain deeper understanding about travel mode choices and to identify barriers to use of public transport. This thesis comprises an extensive literature review of 62 articles, reviews and publications on travel behavior and travel mode choice undertaken in different parts of Sweden, Germany, UK, Portugal and the USA. A limited case study shares through nine qualitative interviews the travel experiences of four men and five women in different ages in Nåntuna/Vilan and Sävja in Uppsala, Sweden. The influencing factors were categorized and later intersectionally analyzed with the respect to gender, age and socioeconomic class. The analysis revealed that travel mode choices are complex and can be made for various reasons. Access to a car, habits, travel pattern and time indicated to be the most influencing factors. Economic resources seemed to influence the availability of transport mode, and indications could be seen that economic resources might impair gender differences. Looking at preferences and actual mode choice, the study sample illustrates that men, older, and richer, are having more opportunities to take their preferable mode choice. Planning factors appeared to both promote and constrain the use of public transport. Public transport seemed to have hard to meet everyone’s need, and indicated to have low competitiveness to the car. It is suggested that future research focuses on how to meet more people’s need in order to increase the use of public transport by its own attractiveness. Further research is also suggested about the health perspective of physical active modes and public transport. The study revealed difficulties in studying experiences outside the white, majority Swedish norm. More time would have been needed to include ethnicity, as it is an important aspect and should be included in future research.
Transportsektorn bidrar till en omfattande del av det totala koldioxidutsläppet, och privata transporter utgör en ansenlig del av detta. De miljö- och hälsomässiga negativa effekterna är betydande, vilket följaktligen kommer att få sociala och ekonomiska konsekvenser. Det övergripande politiska målet är att öka användandet av hållbara transportmedel, så som fysiskt aktiva färdmedel och kollektivtrafik. Lika möjligheter att nå arbeten och service är en förutsättning för ett hållbart samhälle, och kollektivtrafiken är en viktig nyckel till detta. Förutom kollektivtrafiken är också fysiskt aktiva färdmedel, så som cykling och gång, en nyckelfaktor i ett hållbart transportsystem. Syfte: Syftet med den här masteruppsatsen är att få djupare kunskap om de faktorer som påverkar resebeteende och färdmedelsval, samt att identifiera barriärer för kollektivt resande. Uppsatsen har ett intersektionellt perspektiv och undersöker hur maktfaktorer som kön, ålder och socioekonomisk klass påverkar valet av färdmedel. Metod: En omfattande litteraturstudie om resvanor och resebeteende i Sverige, Tyskland, Storbritannien, Portugal och USA föregick en fallstudie. Med fokus på de två områdena Nåntuna/Vilan och Sävja, i Uppsala, Sverige, genomfördes en mindre fallstudie. Nio kvalitativa intervjuer belyser fyra män och fem kvinnors erfarenheter från sina dagliga färdmedelsval. Resultat: Av dessa framgår att färdmedelsval är komplexa; de kan göras av olika anledningar, samt olika anledningar kan leda till samma val. En mängd olika faktorer indikerade på att påverka valet av färdmedel, bland annat tillgången till bil, vanor, attityder, resmönster och restiden. Dessutom indikerar resultat att maktfaktorer som kön, ålder och socioekonomisk klass formar möjligheterna till att välja färdmedel. Indikationer tyder på att ekonomiska resurser styr tillgången på färdmedelsval samt kan minska könsskillnader. Det emellertid ringa urvalet exemplifierar att män, äldre och rikare har större möjligheter att välja sitt önskvärda färdmedelsval. Respondenternas erfarenheter visar att planeringsfaktorer kan både främja och försvåra användandet av kollektivtrafiken. Kollektivtrafiken verkade ha svårt att möta människors olika behov och därmed vara konkurrenskraftig i förhållande till bilen. Mer forskning om detta är nödvändig för att öka och behålla resenärer utifrån kollektivtrafikens egen attraktionskraft. Vidare så föreslås ytterligare studier om länken mellan hälsa, fysiskt aktiva färdmedelsval och kollektivtrafikanvändande. Studien innefattar inte erfarenheter från personer med annan bakgrund än vit, majoritetssvensk eftersom det hade krävt mer tid än vad denna studie medgav. Det är dock ett viktigt perspektiv för framtida forskning.

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Murray, Sharon Lee. "A dyadic trust perspective of key account relationship development in the UK mortgage industry." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2007. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1023/.

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The main purpose of this study is to examine how a dyadic trust perspective can support effective development of key account relationships. The need for Key Account Management in the UK Mortgage Industry is investigated, factors for effective key account relationship management are identified and a trust/Mortgage Lender and Intermediary perspective of Key Account relationship effectiveness is analysed. The results of this study have been achieved through a mixed methods research strategy and these have been discussed in relation to Key Account Management and Trust theory. This study responds to concerns about the lack of research in this area, challenging and building on existing Key Account Management theory, integrating trust theory and applying this to a new context. A survey instrument to assess the effectiveness of Key Account relationships has been devised and can be applied to different contexts. Results show that demonstrations of trustworthiness leads to better key account performance but there is not a strong association of perceptions of higher trust with performance. Mortgage Lenders and Intermediaries have different perspectives of key account effectiveness and Mortgage Lenders lead the way in Key Account Management initiatives but there is evidence of various degrees of interdependence and willingness to achieve mutual gains. Key account relationships are not locked in to integrated Key Account Management programmes and exit from these relationships is quite easy. An important aspect of this research in the context of the UK Mortgage Industry has been the perceived positive role of the Key Account individual and that of different types of trust throughout relationship development, compensating for the perceived negative role of organisational culture aspects that may influence those involved in key account development within and between organisations. The contribution of this research is to show the relevance of Key Account Management as a business model providing market conditions are appropriate for Key Account Management development and that it is based on mutual learning and a format that suits the orientation of supplier and buyer, their own organisational design and culture and resources available as well as the environment in which they operate. This research suggests that fully integrated Key Account Management is not a realistic expectation and dependence on a few suppliers or customers as Key Account Management theory suggests, is not sensible. This study contributes to KAM practice in that it shows it is the management of trustworthiness rather than trying to manage trust that leads to a satisfactory Key Account relationship format for both supplier and buyer in the UK Mortgage Industry. This does currently rely heavily on the `intrapreneurial' skills of key individuals. In understanding how trustworthiness is demonstrated (through concern and benevolence, expertise, communication, intrapreneurial skills, commitment, organisational culture and KAM organisation) leads to more appropriate actions and behaviours to facilitate a relationship that works best for particular seller and buyer organisations given the particular circumstances. Organisations need to work on improving trust that is placed in the institution by for example developing effective marketing communications effort internally as well as externally and knowledge based trust, relating in particular to the exchange of confidential and strategic information. The identified factors for key account effectiveness presented in the survey can serve as useful guidelines for managing key accounts as they also demonstrate signals of trustworthiness. These factors can be used specifically to add to the limited range of performance criteria of key accounts currently adopted by the industry. Further research is suggested that may consider a key account manager or client's disposition towards trust, an examination of perceptions of supply chain t...

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Edghiem, F. "The nature and impact of service employees' innovative behaviour : a personal-interactive services perspective." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2015. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4408/.

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The amount of research on service innovation rapidly increased since the start of the third millennium, likely due to the continuous diversification of manufacturing companies into the service sector and the decline of manufacturing in the traditional industrial western countries compared to the World’s emerging economies. Service innovation, furthermore, has received significant attention from academics and practitioners alike and has been increasingly perceived as a means of creating competitive advantage. Arguably, this is due to the growing competition between service companies to reach unconventional levels which led to higher customer expectations of continuous improvement of services. This study investigated the nature and impact of service employees’ innovative behaviour leading to initiating innovation within the sub-sector of personal-interactive services, where the hotel sector was investigated respectively. In doing so, the study also critically reviewed the established literature relevant to service innovation and added further insight to previous research underpinning service employees’ role in initiating innovation. A qualitative case-study research strategy, which compared between three cases, was applied to achieve the objectives of the study. The application of qualitative case-study research allowed closer assessment and observation while the researcher was directly present within the service delivery environment. The combining of qualitative research methods, such as semi-structured interviews, focus groups and direct observation, was applied to congregate evidence of employees’ innovative behaviour patterns from multiple perspectives. The expected limitations of the applied research methods are classically associated with qualitative case-study research such as access barriers, high volume of data outcome and also the complications associated with data collection and analysis. The research findings contributed to the general body of knowledge by highlighting the nature and impact of service employees’ innovative behaviour. A novel classification of six innovative behaviour patterns was established under the three main categories of mandatory, quasi-mandatory and voluntary conduct. The research findings further revealed the significant impact of service employees’ innovative behaviour in initiating innovation, where 49 out of 70 innovative ideas were realised as innovations through employees’ innovative behaviour. The research also added further insight by identifying management procedures and motivation as contextual determinants that enable or inhibit service employees’ innovative behaviour.

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Mura, Paolo, and n/a. "Young tourists' perceptions of fear on holiday - a gendered perspective." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090904.110603.

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This thesis explores young tourists' perceptions of fear while they are on holiday. This work is important because it sheds light on tourists' emotional experiences on holiday, adding to our overall understanding of tourist behaviour. While the importance of investigating perceptions of fear has been recognized within a number of different disciplines (e.g. psychology, sociology, criminology, marketing), perceptions of fear have remained relatively unexplored within the tourism experience. This thesis also investigates young tourists' perceptions of fear from a gender perspective. Although gender has been regarded as one of the most important factors influencing perceptions of fear, gendered perceptions of fear among tourists in the holiday environment in general, and young tourists in particular, have received little attention. The thesis is based on three months of fieldwork conducted in the summer of 2007 on the island of Ios, Greece. The choice of Ios as a study site was based on the fact that the island is promoted as the 'party island of Greece' and attracts many young tourists. Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted among young tourists on the island. In order to explore gender-based similarities and differences in the perception and expression of fear, the interviews were conducted with 13 females and 12 males. Systematic observations were also carried out during the fieldwork. The findings reveal that, although some respondents perceived fear as a negative emotion, others referred to fear as a positive component in the tourism experience. In particular, it was found that while on holiday on Ios young tourists participated in activities that they perceived as risky in order to experience fear. However, only optimal levels of fear were conceived as pleasant. With regard to gendered perceptions of fear, the results show that gender, despite having been traditionally constructed as a binary concept, did not play a major role in influencing young tourists' perceptions of fear on holiday. Rather, with the exception of women's concerns of sexual violence, the findings of this thesis demonstrate that more marked differences occurred in the perception and expression of fear among the various masculinities and femininities than between men and women.

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Dorffer, Denis. "La medecine du travail en rfa et ses perspectives pour 1992." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR1M212.

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Dickinson, Janet E. "Transport and travel in a fragile rural tourist destination : a social representations perspective of residents' and visitors' mobility patterns." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2006. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10526/.

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It is a well established fact that visitors to rural destinations in the UK and other parts of Europe are highly car dependent. This car dependency has resulted in a variety of initiatives intended to tackle the associated undesirable consequences. While there are some success stories, the negative impacts of transport still pervade for residents and visitors in many destination areas. Few studies address the social assumptions that underlie travel behaviour decisions. When Moscovici's social representations theory is employed it suggests that we should develop and draw on shared perceptions, or theories, of the world around us in order to interpret our behaviour. Social representations theory offers a dynamic approach to understanding how social conceptions shape our understanding of transport and travel behaviour. This approach brings in a theoretical perspective that has been absent from tourism and local transport literature and is largely absent from the wider transport debate. The aim of the study was to enhance the understanding of tourism and leisure mobility in a rural tourism context by applying social representations theory. A case study approach was employed to provide an in-depth investigation of the transport issues in a fragile tourism destination area: Purbeck, Dorset, UK. The study includes exploratory research to define the important value concepts for the population in the study area relating to transport and tourism, followed by an examination of travel patterns and travel behaviour of visitors to the area through the use of a travel diary. Finally, a questionnaire survey was undertaken with visitors at various attractions in the area. A social representations perspective demonstrates the importance of examining the social reality and the social processes that underlie people's decision making. The findings indicate that there are pervasive representations of tourism and transport forming a socially constructed consensus which shapes views of transport and tourism. While the study shows that people would like public transport to be improved, this is essentially an idealised representation and an idea perpetuated by a public that makes little use of public transport and has little intention of leaving the car behind. Arguably, people have developed a social construction of how to deal with transport problems whereby the failure of public transport reinforces the existing situation of high car use and there is little attempt to restrict car use. This study challenges this strategy and discusses practical implications for managing mobility in sensitive rural destinations.

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MESTRALLET, ROUSSON ISABELLE. "Methode d'evaluation du diagnostic en pathologie professionnelle : validation et perspectives d'utilisation." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M472.

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Guergoat-Larivière, Mathilde. "La qualité de l'emploi en Europe : une perspective dynamique et institutionnelle." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010050.

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Cette thèse propose une analyse dynamique et institutionnelle de la qualité de l'emploi en Europe. Elle révèle l'hétérogénéité de la qualité de l'emploi entre pays et entre groupes sociaux et montre comment les institutions façonnent les opportunités d'amélioration de la qualité de l'emploi au niveau individuel. Elle s'appuie tout d'abord sur une définition large de la qualité de l'emploi (sécurité socio-économique, éducation et formation, conditions de travail et égalité hommes/femmes et conciliation) et distingue, à partir de données agrégées, cinq régimes de qualité de l'emploi dans l'Europe élargie. Elle propose ensuite une analyse de la dynamique de la qualité de l'emploi sur la base des transitions individuelles sur le marché du travail à partir de données de panel européennes et françaises. Dans l'UE27, les situations et les transitions des individus sur le marché du travail dépendent de leurs caractéristiques socioéconomiques et du contexte institutionnel dans lequel ils évoluent. Certains groupes sociaux apparaissent pénalisés en termes de qualité de l'emploi: les femmes, les peu diplômés, les immigrés, les seniors, les jeunes. Ils le sont cependant plus ou moins selon les pays, notamment en fonction des arrangements institutionnels en place. La qualité de l'emploi des femmes dépend ainsi de la capacité des institutions à réduire l'irréversibilité des transitions réalisées à la naissance d'enfants par des politiques en faveur des structures de garde. L'effet positif des mesures de formation sur les transitions vers l'emploi ou le maintien en emploi apparaît également en comparaison européenne et sur le cas français en favorisant la sortie de l'emploi précaire.

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Henriksson, Amanda, and Lina Engström. "Social Network Sites and Tourism : A millennial perspective." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-74206.

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Social Network Sites have rapidly become intertwined with people’s core habits of daily life, and are often subliminal inputs during decision making processes when it comes to the area of Tourism. With this rapid shift in consumer opportunities, both in availability and exposure to information, people are faced with the challenge of accurately assessing current trends in order to best predict future outcomes for businesses and consumers alike. Although there is existing literature examining current tendencies for Social Network Sites and Tourism, the extrapolation of this data in a feasible way for the emerging Millennial generation is lacking. This is integral to forming a proper understanding of the future trends of global tourist communication as dictated by the usage of Social Network Sites. Through the use of interview discussions centered on two focus groups of an all Millennial composition, the semi-structured interview approach was used. This to sought at a fundamental level to provide a better understanding of how Social Network Sites are used by tourists. Of particular focus within the research process was the specifics of tourist utilization of Social Network Sites. Further addressed, is the concept of the usage of electronic Word of Mouth and how this has allowed for a modification to the experience of tourism. The spoken word has been updated to an electronic Word of Mouth, and with it the Millennial generation has been raised into a world of information opportunity like none ever before. Understanding these trends allows for continued progression for both the consumer and business alike within the tourist business.

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Rapakoulia, Klio. "Unlocking your digital legacy : A perspective on immortality through our digital traces." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161325.

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Every day, we use technology. Online interactions leave traces and traces serves as portals into different aspects of our personalities, or how we want to be perceived by others. We are encouraged to record and express everything, from our most important moments to the least. However, the digital tools we use privilege only the moment, not the long term. They also tend to make everything feel equally important, thus giving us no incentive to go through our digital traces and decide what has lasting meaning and should be preserved and what we would like to be forgotten.The fabric of our lives is intertwined with our digital traces. What happens to them after the end of our lives? Just as our physical things live on past us, sometimes becoming a part of the lives of our family and friends this will surely be true for our data.How might we curate our digital legacy?

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Andhee, Avinash. "Exchange traded funds versus active and passive unit trusts : an economic perspective." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29313.

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Exchange traded funds (ETFs) are a relatively recent financial innovation receiving much attention from investors and media due to its low administrative costs. Literature related to ETF performance presents no sizeable records as a result of its brief history.This study contributes to the literature on ETF performance by comparing ETFs to their respective tracking indices as well as to comparable passive unit trusts (PUTs) and active unit trusts (AUTs) after administrative costs. Data used involved ETFs that are derived from securities listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) that track FTSE/JSE indices. PUTs and AUTs were selected on the basis that they use the same FTSE/JSE indices, as the ETFs, as a benchmark.The results indicate that ETFs have a slightly lower tracking error than PUTs due to lower administrative costs. On average, ETFs and PUTs present statistically insignificant net return differences and it can be inferred that they have very similar return records. Furthermore, ETFs and AUTs, on average, also present statistically insignificant net return differences and it can be inferred that they have very similar return records.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted

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Mytton, Oliver. "A population perspective on physical activity and health." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/264414.

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Regular physical activity reduces the risk of many chronic diseases. Consequently, the promotion of it and particular types (e.g. walking and cycling for travel), have become a priority for governments seeking to improve health and constrain rising demand on health services. Despite this many uncertainties persist. The aim of this thesis is to address two particular areas of uncertainty: a) the association of walking and cycling for travel with indices of health and well-being; b) and the extent to which increases in physical activity will reduce need for health and social care. The first part of my thesis consists of three studies that describe the health benefits associated with walking and cycling to work among working age adults. The first is a longitudinal study of the associations between maintenance of active commuting with sickness absence and well-being using the Commuting and Health in Cambridge dataset. The second, using the same dataset, describes the longitudinal associations between maintenance of active commuting and self-reported body mass index. Building on this, the third study using a large cohort study (the Fenland Study) with detailed characterisation of diet and physical activity (including objective measurement) describes the baseline associations between active commuting and objective measures of adiposity. The second part of my thesis describes the development of a combined microsimulation multi-state life table model that is used to characterise the effects of a population ‘shift’ in physical activity on the burden of six major diseases at the population-level. Specifically, it seeks to better describe the effect of increases in physical activity on healthcare need considering not just the effect of physical activity on disease incidence but also the effect on healthcare need arising from consequent survival to an older age (at which disease incidence is higher), and contrasts this with a method that does not make allowance for increased survival. The findings of this thesis provide evidence of the importance of walking or cycling to work in maintaining or improving the health and well-being of working age adults. It suggests that increases in physical activity, even after allowance for increased survival, are likely to reduce need for healthcare, although the reductions in need are less than might be assumed when allowance is not made for increased survival. Taken together this work provides a stronger empirical basis to inform public health practice. A stronger ‘health case’ for active travel can be made. The benefits of which should be communicated to individuals choosing how to travel as well as policy makers and others who can influence the determinants of active travel. It also provides a more realistic and nuanced understanding of how increases in physical activity may affect future healthcare need.

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Gollain, Françoise. "Pensée écologique et critique du travail dans une perspective gorzienne." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE1027.

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Cette thèse pose la necessité d'une critique éco-socialiste du travail. Cette critique implique une problématique des limites, limites à imposer à la domination de la rationalité économique capitaliste et du paradigme productiviste et travailliste, en raison de leurs implications destructrices sur les équilibres écologiques et sociaux et la capacité des individus à maîtriser leur existence. D'où le refus d'un environnementalisme réducteur ou d'une démarche écocentrique et le choix d'une approche marxiste et humaniste et d'une démarche utopiste dans la perspective ouverte par André Gorz. S'inscrivant dans la double tradition de l'existentialisme et de l'école de Francfort, les travaux de Gorz invitent à mettre au centre de la réflexion sur la crise du travail le projet d'une libération de la subjectivité. Reprenant un modèle dichotomique des ordres de la pratique sociale hétéronomie/autonomie (Illich), système contre monde vécu (Habermas) - ils établissent le caractère fondamentalement inappropriable du travail à but économique et donc l'impossibilité d'une reconciliation entre travail et vie. Ils permettent alors de poser qu'une critique du travail salarié doit s'enraciner dans la défense de l'autonomie existentielle des individus, par opposition à une autonomie fonctionnelle dans le travail salarié. Or, l'examen des nouvelles formes du travail à l'ère informationnelle révèle que celles-ci réalisent une prescription inédite de la subjectivité et une instrumentalisation de l'autonomie ainsi qu'une diminution massive du volume global de l'emploi. C'est pourquoi nous argumentons en faveur du passage à une société post-salariale au moyen d'une synergie entre réduction massive et continue du temps de travail, revenu minimum garanti et développement d'une économie plurielle et de formes alternatives de sociabilité
This thesis argues the necessity of an eco-socialist critique of work. This critique requires sustained reference to the concept of limits - limits to be imposed on the domination of market ideology productivism and the work ethic because of their destructive impact at both a social and ecological level, and their undermining of the individual's ability to be in control of their everyday life. Hence our rejection of a narrow environmentalist or ecocentric standpoint in favour of a marxist and humanistic approach as found in the perspective of André Gorz. Gorz's writings invite us to place an emancipatory project at the heart of the analysis of the present crisis of work based on a dual representation of society [heteronomy/autonomy (Illich), system/lifeworld (Habermas)], they establish the fundamental dichotomy between work and life due to the functional logic of work in a modem capitalist economy. On this basis, it can be argued that a critique of waged-work must be rooted in a concern for the preservation and extension of people's existential autonomy, as opposed to a mere functional autonomy within work. The study of the most recent developments in work practices precisely reveal that personality is being utilised to an unprecedented level and autonomy is being instrumentalised, alongside a massive and systematic reduction in the global need for labour. We are therefore in favour of a radical transformation towards a post waged-society, to be brought about through a series of reforms : massive and permanent redistribution of labour through a reduction in working hours, a guaranteed minimun income and the development of non marked-based economic practices and alternative forms of social interaction

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Ianeva, Maria. "La restructuration du travail chez Santé Info : du développement de l’activité d’un centre de contact spécialisé à ses incidences sur les pratiques situées." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20085.

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Notre thèse s’intéresse à la restructuration du service social d’une plate-forme téléphonique de santé – Santé Info. Au moment de l’étude le service social de ce centre de contact venait de faire l’objet d’une importante réorganisation, qui s’est concrétisée par la création d’une équipe de télé-opérateurs spécialisés. Dans ce contexte de changement organisationnel, notre travail vise à comprendre les incidences du développement de l’activité sur les pratiques situées des acteurs et saisir comment celles-ci nourrissent ce développement en retour. Nos réflexions autour de cette question sont inspirées par les théories de l’activité ainsi que les courants de la cognition et de l’action située. Nous nous appuyons sur la notion de perspective professionnelle et proposons la notion de saillance afin de rendre compte du développement de l’activité en pratique. Nous avons conduit une enquête ethnographique de près de deux ans au sein de cette organisation. Le dispositif méthodologique que nous avons mis en œuvre privilégie l’observation in situ des pratiques. La stratégie observationnelle choisie était celle du suivi, celui i) des acteurs, ii) des affaires c’est-à-dire des demandes traitées par plusieurs intervenants et iii) des situations de communication collective (formations, réunions d’équipe). Nous avons par ailleurs mobilisé la méthode de l’autoconfrontation à partir d’enregistrements audiovisuels. Nos résultats mettent en évidence deux axes de développement contradictoires de l’organisation, à savoir, d’une part, une tendance à l’intégration aux services des mutuelles fondatrices et une tendance à l’autonomisation de Santé Info en tant que prestataire de service externe. D’autre part, la restructuration du service social peut être appréhendée comme actualisant une contradiction sous-jacente au système d’activité, celle entre travail d’information (informer) et conseil (conseiller). Nous analysons les pratiques de prise et de construction de configurations d’indices informationnels des professionnels que nous qualifions de saillances. Nos analyses mettent en évidence que connaître son travail revient à connaître le travail des autres c’est-à-dire à anticiper leurs contraintes, leurs éventuelles difficultés, à reconnaître et tenir compte des impératifs auxquels ils doivent faire face (temporels et de production). La restructuration du service social de Santé Info au travers de la création d’une équipe spécialisée de téléconseillers – le pôle social - contribue à transformer ces pratiques. Par ailleurs, les nouvelles exigences que cette restructuration fait peser sur les professionnels participent de la redéfinition des enjeux de leurs actions en situation. En d’autres termes connaître le travail d’autrui est une ressource pour le collectif mais aussi pour le sujet. Les contributions de ce travail de thèse se situe à trois niveaux : théorique, méthodologique et disciplinaire. L’apport théorique réside dans la recherche d’une articulation entre une analyse orientée par les théories de l’activité et les approches situées de la cognition et de l’action. Ces questions nourrissent des enjeux méthodologiques pour notre travail, qui constituent le second apport de notre recherche. Il s’agit également de construire un dispositif d’observation et de collecte systématique de données dans un environnement professionnel exigeant où le travail est, à la fois, intellectuel et relationnel, la coopération latente et différée, et qui s’étayent sur une infrastructure sociotechnique complexe. Du point de vue de la psychologie du travail, notre étude ouvre à une réflexion autour des compétences collectives et du bien-être au travail
Our research deals with the organizational change within Health Info, the inbound call center for a number of mutual health insurance companies. Health Info provides users with health information and referral for the purpose of helping them to make better choices in healthcare and to reduce their expenses. In order to improve the service delivered to the clients of the mutual insurance companies, call operators’ activity was redesigned. Some of the most experienced call center agents formed a new team (referred as the « social team »), which had the responsibility to process the information requests of users in need of financial support, different kind of allowances, within outbound calls. In this context, the goals of this doctoral thesis is to understand this organizational change as a development, that of Health Info’ collective activity but also that of the local individual practices. We build upon three approaches to the study of context - activity theory, situated action and situated cognition. Our research is based on a two years ethnographic study. We have used various data collection techniques. Those included ethnographic observation, video recordings of naturally occurring situations as well as interviews with staff members. We systematically attended and video recorded the regular staff meeting of the « social team ». We also shadowed staff members and followed specific « client cases » as first identified by call operators, then processed by the members of the « social team » and eventually transferred for further analysis to the social worker. Our results highlight several contradictions underlying Health Info’ current development. On one hand, Health Info is an additional service designed to fit within the those already existing of the mutual insurance companies. But it is also an autonomous service provider whose clients are the mutual companies. On the other hand, the « social team » reveals another contradiction between different work perspectives, namely that of informing users and helping them or providing them with support. Furthermore, our study underlines the practical dimensions of Health Info’ restructuring. The analysis of situated practices shows that works perspectives are grounded on salient configurations which are both emergent in situ and collectively elaborated cultural resources. The contributions of this doctoral thesis are to address some of the a) methodological and b) conceptual challenges arising from the use of activity theory as a theoretical framework in empirical studies, c) triggers off some interesting considerations on collective competencies and on well-being in the workplace

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Nacer, Rachid. "L’interprétation des instruments de l’Organisation internationale du travail : perspectives internationale et comparée." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100082.

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Alors que la question de l’interprétation pose de nombreuses questions, tant en matière institutionnelle que substantielle, au sein même de l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT), le regain d’intérêt pour les travaux de cette dernière, reflété notamment par un certain nombre de décisions de justice nationales, conduit à une situation où la question de l’interprétation de ses instruments se trouve renouvelée, complexifiée et fragmentée devant la pluralité des acteurs qu’elle implique. L’objectif de cette thèse est de s’interroger pour savoir si ce phénomène permet de rendre effectifs des textes adoptés afin de donner corps à la justice sociale. Autrement dit, il s’agit de se demander si cette configuration garantit la diffusion et la conservation de la substance des normes internationales du travail et les rend aptes à répondre à des problématiques mouvantes. Pour y parvenir, il convient de procéder à une analyse successive de différents niveaux dans lesquels ceux-ci sont susceptibles d’être utilisés, en s’intéressant successivement au cadre international puis aux cas français, canadien et sud-africain. Ce procédé permet de faire ressortir les subtilités procédurales et substantielles propres à chacun des cadres de mise en œuvre des normes internationales du travail et de révéler les interactions pouvant découler sur la formation d’un système
The topic of the interpretation of legal instruments raises many questions within the International Labour Organisation (ILO), in both institutional and substantial terms. At the same time, the heightened interest for its work, as expressed in particular in a number of domestic court decisions, leads to a situation where the question of the interpretation of its instruments is renewed, more complex and fragmented, because of the plurality of actors it involves. This thesis aims at answering the question whether this phenomenon contributes to give effect to the texts which were adopted to give substance to social justice. In other words, the purpose is the determine if this situation ensures the dissemination and preservation of the substance of the international labour standards and enables them to respond to changing issues. In order to respond to this question, it is appropriate to conduct a research at different levels in which international standards are likely to be used. Thus, this work is first oriented on an international analysis and then focuses on a comparative study of French, Canadian and South African cases. This method emphasizes the procedural and substantive intricacies specific to each implementation frameworks of international labor standards and reveals the interactions which leads to the formation of a system

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Ko, Huang-Li, and 柯凰麗. "A Study of Circular Economy, Perspectives of Travel Industry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94m968.

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碩士
國立暨南國際大學
管理學院經營管理碩士學位學程碩士在職專班
107
Title of Thesis: A Study of Circular Economy, Perspectives of Travel Industry Name of Institute: Executive Master of Business Administration, College of Management, National Chi Nan University Pages: 39 Graduation Time: 07/2019 Degree: Master Student Name: Huang-Li Ko Advisor Name: Dr. Ming-Ching Yang Abstract Considering Taiwan's travel industry, it is the essence of service industry's tourism consumption in Taiwanese society，and is an industry that affects tourism resource consumption. Researchers who are senior practitioners of travel agencies can't help but think of relying on natural resources and planning to provide products, activities, services, and fields. The Taiwan travel industry, which is fully experienced in the field, responds to the circular economy and promotes "green eco-tourism". Does the Taiwan travel industry also understand the challenges facing the Taiwan tourism industry? This study adopts a research method to understand the opinions of the past, present and future of the “green eco-tourism” promoted by the circular economy, which is known to Taiwan travel industry operators who have recruited or received tourists and arranged travel, accommodation and transportation. In addition, the study clearly asked questions, what kind of “green eco-tourism” in the global society is responding to the resource consumption and squandering of the linear economy industrial society and the service society? What is the core connotation of Taiwan's travel industry "green eco-tourism"? Why does Taiwan's travel industry now need "green eco-tourism"? How does the Taiwan travel industry now promote "green eco-tourism"? How should Taiwan's travel industry in the future promote "green eco-tourism" to achieve sustainable industrial development? On the whole, Taiwan's overall society has moved from the past natural economic and agricultural society to the linear economy industrial society and the service society. All travel industry players have a good understanding of the research objects, but just only talk about the world's latest advocated circular economy. However, only a very small number of respondents are quite aware of this sustainable nature issue, and many travel industry players still seem quite unfamiliar with the issue. In view of the global shortage of resources or climate change, most travel industry operators have agreed to the government's reminders and suggestions that they are willing to start to reflect on whether tourism consumption is excessive or unnecessary waste, while reducing energy from environmental pollution and environmental conservation as an active business tourism development. As for the sustainable eco-tourism of the circular economy, it is a relatively unfamiliar but it should be an important issue for the future promotion of the industry and customers. Keywords:green eco-tourism，circular economy

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Chen, Tzu-Yi, and 陳姿伊. "Comparative Research of Online Travel E-Commerce: Business Model Perspectives." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7n938x.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
104
With the global economic development and the raise of leisure consciousness, the travel industry has shown strong and prosperous growth pace. And the rapid evolution of Internet technology and the change of tourist’s consumer behavior, also stimulate the dynamic development online travel e-commerce. This study utilizes inbounding marketing, network externality, eWOM, and AISAS model theories. The purpose of this study is to redefine the contemporary mainstream business models of online travel websites with the exploration of their profit models and inbounding strategies, also to understand the influential factors through user behavior survey for further analysis. This study redefines the mainstream online travel website into four different types: online travel agency, metasearch engines, user generated content provider, and P2P platform, and chooses 4 representative websites including Expedia, KAYAK, TripAdvisor, and Airbnb as the objects of case study. Based on the approach of case study and comparative analysis, it’s found that member exclusive benefit, review incentive program, friend recommendation mechanism, and market segmentation are commonly used for inbounding strategies. Menwhile, this study concluded that: 1. Online travel industry shows horizontal expansion outside the group and vertical cultivation within the group. 2. The boundaries of each business model become vague even though the core business stays still. 3. The “review” function embodies the importance of e- word of mouth towards online travel industry. Referring relevant literatures, this study designed a questionnaire regarding the Search-Action-Share behaviors of online travel website’s users. After the result analysis of 544 effective samples, it indicates that “eWOM” will affect user’s “search, action, and share” behavior while using online travel websites. The frequency and scope of use both affect user’s attitude towards eWOM. Users with higher frequency or broad scope of use will be influenced by eWOM more. Another indication is that “Network Externality” will affect user’s “search” behavior while using online travel websites. The time experience of use affects user’s attitude towards network externality. Users with longer experience of using online travel websites will be influenced by network externality more.

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Wan-ChiTseng and 曾琬淇. "The group package tour design for the elderly: Perspectives from travel agencies." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92676293425078318762.

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碩士
國立成功大學
老年學研究所
103
Most literatures of elder travel focused on constraints, motivations and influences from elders’ perspectives. Few literatures explored elder travel and group package tour from travel agencies’ perspectives. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the travel agencies’ considerations about the group package tour design for the elder travelers. The study used snowball sampling and semi-structured interview to collect data. The results formed three themes: the impacts of the characteristics of the elderly on the travel, the strategies of the travel agencies, and the developments toward the future senior market. keywords: elders, group package tour, tour design travel agencies. INTRODUCTION With the increase of the aging population and the importance of leisure activities, traveling plays a significant role for the elderly in the rest of their lives. The literatures about the elder travelers mostly focused on constraints and motivations of travel, however, with the lack of the viewpoints for the travel agencies. Hence, the aims of this study were to investigate the travel agencies’ experiences and perspectives about the group package tour design for the elder travelers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study used snowball sampling and 11 travel agencies with the experience of leading the elderly group package tour were recruited. The study used semi-structured interview to collect data. The interview guidelines included: (1) the experiences and difficulties for designing and leading elderly travel, (2) the specific concerns of group package tour for the elderly travelers, and (3) the developmental strategies toward the future senior tourism market. Data analysis was based on the principles of the grounded theory. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Three themes were identified. (1) The impacts of the characteristics of the elderly on the travel: the deterioration of health and functions, psychological traits, the differences of demographic variables, and social interaction. (2) The strategies of the travel agencies: considering the deterioration of health and functions for tour design, and improving the skills of the travel agencies for satisfying the needs of the elder travelers. (3) The developments toward the future senior market: the travel agencies focused on the segmentations of senior market, and expected that the government reduce the constraints of the travel environments. CONCLUSION When conducting the tour design, safety and medicine are the primary concerns. The travel agencies should consider the physical, psychological, and social aspects of the elderly. Furthermore, the future senior market is toward the market segmentation. The travel agencies will segment different market according to the interests, age or other variables of the elder travelers. The travel agencies provide the appropriate tour designs for different travel markets. The government can build more accessible spaces and support the elder travel in policy.

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LIN, SUNG-MAO, and 林松茂. "The Study of Muslin Friendly Travel of Tourism Development Competitiveness for Taiwan ---From the perspectives of travel industry leaders in Malaysia and Indonesia." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m5ryx3.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
觀光與餐旅管理研究所
106
Taiwan started to pay attention to the Muslim tourism market in 2006. Inspecting the number of major Muslim countries in Southeast Asia visiting Taiwan in the past seven years, Malaysia has grown by 70% from 300,000 in 2011 to 520,000 in 2016. Meanwhile, the amount of visitors from Indonesia has risen from 156,000 to 189,000. Both of the statistics show the increasing Muslim travelers to Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to understand the tourist needs of Muslim communities in order to provide a Muslim-friendly tourism environment and enhance Taiwan’s competitiveness in the world’s Muslim tourist market. The design of the questionnaire, which was revised four times, was conducted through the content discussion between the Malaysian and Indonesian local travel industry leaders or supervisors. The questionnaire was divided into five aspects：（1） policy and environmental favorable conditions （2） infrastructure （3） consumption indicators （4） natural landscape and humanistic traditions （5） attitudes to religious activities. The survey respondents are focused on managers from Malaysia and Indonesia in the tourism industry. The results of the thirty-nine returned valid questionnaires （29 in Malaysia, 10 in Indonesia） has found that both Malaysian and Indonesian companies attach the highest importance to the “tourism development policy and favorable conditions for the environment”. Malaysian industry believes that the most important thing is that “Taiwan’s security environment guarantees the safety of tourists”. Furthermore, Indonesian companies believe that visas can be simplified and facilitated. Some questions regarding Muslim tourism policy are for reference by the competent authorities. Taiwanese tourism-related businesses can refer to the weights of other issues and propose countermeasures and business opportunities. This will effectively promote the Muslim-friendly tourism market in Taiwan. Keywords： Muslim-friendly tourism, tourism competitiveness, new southbound policy.

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